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<li id="toc-Court_de_Gébelin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_de_Gébelin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Court de Gébelin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_de_Gébelin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etteilla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etteilla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Etteilla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etteilla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marie_Anne_Lenormand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marie_Anne_Lenormand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Marie Anne Lenormand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marie_Anne_Lenormand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Éliphas_Lévi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Éliphas_Lévi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Éliphas Lévi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Éliphas_Lévi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Tarot_divination_after_Lévi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Tarot_divination_after_Lévi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>French Tarot divination after Lévi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Tarot_divination_after_Lévi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn_and_its_heirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn_and_its_heirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and its heirs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn_and_its_heirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waite_and_Crowley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waite_and_Crowley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Waite and Crowley</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waite_and_Crowley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarot_divination_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarot_divination_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Tarot divination in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarot_divination_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarot_divination_since_1970" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarot_divination_since_1970"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Tarot divination since 1970</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarot_divination_since_1970-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trumps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trumps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Trumps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trumps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Personal use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Paranormal" title="Category:Paranormal">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarot_cards_-_3_card_spread.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tarot_cards_-_3_card_spread.jpg/220px-Tarot_cards_-_3_card_spread.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tarot_cards_-_3_card_spread.jpg/330px-Tarot_cards_-_3_card_spread.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tarot_cards_-_3_card_spread.jpg/440px-Tarot_cards_-_3_card_spread.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Tarot cards</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Main articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)" title="Aura (paranormal)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilocation" title="Bilocation">Bilocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inedia" title="Inedia">Breatharianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">Clairvoyance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_encounter" title="Close encounter">Close encounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_spot_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold spot (paranormal)">Cold spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Conjuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Demonic possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">Ectoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">Extrasensory perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forteana" class="mw-redirect" title="Forteana">Forteana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_hunting" title="Ghost hunting">Ghost hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations" title="List of reportedly haunted locations">Haunted locations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_India" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Reportedly haunted locations in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_States" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orb_(optics)#Paranormal_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Orb (optics)">Orb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouija" title="Ouija">Ouija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_fiction" title="Paranormal fiction">Paranormal fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_television" title="Paranormal television">Paranormal television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precognition" title="Precognition">Precognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preternatural" title="Preternatural">Preternatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">Psychic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_reading" title="Psychic reading">Psychic reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometry_(paranormal)" title="Psychometry (paranormal)">Psychometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_viewing" title="Remote viewing">Remote viewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrocognition" title="Retrocognition">Retrocognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">Spirit photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_world_(Spiritualism)" title="Spirit world (Spiritualism)">Spirit world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(beliefs)" title="Spiritualism (beliefs)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone Tape">Stone Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekinesis" title="Telekinesis">Telekinesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table-turning" title="Table-turning">Table-turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_reading" title="Cold reading">Cold reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">Hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_for_evidence_of_the_paranormal" title="List of prizes for evidence of the paranormal">Prizes for evidence of the paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">Pseudoskepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literacy" title="Scientific literacy">Scientific literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_experiences" title="Anomalous experiences">Anomalous experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparitional experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empath" title="Empath">Empath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_awakening" title="False awakening">False awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideomotor_phenomenon" title="Ideomotor phenomenon">Ideomotor phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-body_experience" title="Out-of-body experience">Out-of-body experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronicity" title="Synchronicity">Synchronicity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalistics" title="Anomalistics">Anomalistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum" title="Argumentum ad populum">Argumentum ad populum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begging_the_question" title="Begging the question">Begging the question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">Fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">Groupthink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoscience" title="Protoscience">Protoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">Scientific evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">Uncertainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paranormal" title="Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paranormal" title="Template talk:Paranormal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tarot card reading</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Cartomancy" title="Cartomancy">cartomancy</a> whereby practitioners use <a href="/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot">tarot</a> cards to purportedly gain insight into the past, present or future. They formulate a question, then draw cards to interpret them for this end. A traditional tarot deck consists of 78 cards, which can be split into two groups, the <a href="/wiki/Major_Arcana" title="Major Arcana">Major Arcana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minor_Arcana" title="Minor Arcana">Minor Arcana</a>. <a href="/wiki/French-suited_playing_cards" title="French-suited playing cards">French-suited playing cards</a> can also be used; as can any card system with suits assigned to identifiable elements (e.g., air, earth, fire, water). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tarot#History" title="Tarot">Tarot § History</a></div> <p>The first written references to tarot packs occurred between 1440 and 1450 in northern Italy, for example in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, when additional cards with allegorical <a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">illustrations</a> were added to the common four-suit pack. These new packs were called <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">carte da trionfi</i></span>, triumph packs, and the additional cards known simply as <a href="/wiki/Trionfi_(cards)" title="Trionfi (cards)">trionfi</a>, which became "trumps" in English.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the earliest references to <a href="/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot">tarot</a> triumphs is given c. 1450–1470 by a <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> <a href="/wiki/Preacher" title="Preacher">preacher</a> in a sermon against dice, playing cards and 'triumphs'.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> References to the tarot as a social plague or indeed as exempt from the bans that affected other games, continue throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, but there are no indications that the cards were used for anything but <a href="/wiki/Card_game" title="Card game">games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As philosopher and tarot historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dummett" title="Michael Dummett">Michael Dummett</a> noted, "it was only in the 1780s, when the practice of fortune-telling with regular playing cards had been well established for at least two decades, that anyone began to use the tarot pack for cartomancy."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett198096_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett198096-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Claims by the early French occultists that tarot cards had esoteric links to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>, Indic <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a> have been frequently repeated by authors on card divination. However, scholarly research reveals that, having been invented in Italy in the early 15th century for playing games, there is no evidence of any significant use of tarot cards for divination until the late 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-DummettGame_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DummettGame-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, historians have described western views of the Tarot pack as "the subject of the most successful propaganda campaign ever launched... An entire false history and false interpretation of the Tarot pack was concocted by the occultists; and it is all but universally believed".<sup id="cite_ref-DDD27_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDD27-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The belief in the <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divinatory meaning</a> of the cards is closely associated with a belief in their <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a> properties, a commonly held belief in <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Europe" title="Early modern Europe">early modern Europe</a> propagated by prominent <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">clerics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett198096_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett198096-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From its uptake as an instrument of divination in <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern France">18th-century France</a>, the tarot went on to be used in <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">hermeneutic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">magical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystical</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Semiotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiotic">semiotic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and psychological practices. It was used by <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> when telling fortunes,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a <a href="/wiki/Jungian_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungian psychology">Jungian</a> psychological apparatus for tapping into "absolute knowledge in the unconscious",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tool for <a href="/wiki/Jungian_archetypes" title="Jungian archetypes">archetypal</a> <a href="/wiki/Jungian_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungian analysis">analysis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even a tool for facilitating the Jungian process of <a href="/wiki/Individuation" title="Individuation">individuation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Court_de_Gébelin"><span id="Court_de_G.C3.A9belin"></span>Court de Gébelin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Court de Gébelin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AntoineCourtdeGebelin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/AntoineCourtdeGebelin.jpg/170px-AntoineCourtdeGebelin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/AntoineCourtdeGebelin.jpg/255px-AntoineCourtdeGebelin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/AntoineCourtdeGebelin.jpg/340px-AntoineCourtdeGebelin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Court_de_Gebelin" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Court de Gebelin">Court de Gébelin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many involved in occult and divinatory practices attempt to trace the tarot to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt_in_the_Western_imagination" title="Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination">ancient Egypt</a>, divine hermetic wisdom,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis#Influence_in_modern_times" title="Mysteries of Isis">mysteries of Isis</a>. </p><p>The first was <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Court_de_G%C3%A9belin" title="Antoine Court de Gébelin">Antoine Court de Gébelin</a>, a French clergyman, who wrote that after seeing a group of women playing cards he had the idea that tarot was not merely a game of cards but was in fact of ancient Egyptian origin, of mystical <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Qabalah" title="Hermetic Qabalah">Qabalistic</a> import, and of deep divine significance. Court de Gébelin published a dissertation on the origins of the symbolism in the tarot in volume VIII of work <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Monde primitif</i></span> in 1781. He thought the tarot represented <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian Religion">ancient Egyptian Theology</a>, including Isis, Osiris, and Typhon. For example, he thought the card he knew as the Papesse and known in occult circles today as the <a href="/wiki/High_Priestess" class="mw-redirect" title="High Priestess">High Priestess</a> represented <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781370_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781370-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also related four tarot cards to the four Christian <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal virtues</a>: <a href="/wiki/Temperance_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperance (Tarot card)">Temperance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justice_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice (Tarot card)">Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strength_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strength (Tarot card)">Strength</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Hanged_Man_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hanged Man (Tarot card)">Prudence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781371_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781371-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He related <a href="/wiki/The_Tower_(tarot_card)" title="The Tower (tarot card)">The Tower</a> to a Greek fable about <a href="/wiki/Greed" title="Greed">avarice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781376_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781376-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the ancient <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a> had not yet been deciphered, Court de Gébelin asserted the name "Tarot" came from the Egyptian words <i>Tar</i>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">path</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">road</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, and the word <i>Ro</i>, <i>Ros,</i> or <i>Rog</i>, meaning <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">king</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">royal</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, and that the word literally translated to <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the Royal Road of Life</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781380_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781380-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent research by <a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptologists</a> found nothing in the Egyptian language to support Court de Gébelin's <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymologies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199660_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199660-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this lack of any evidence, the belief that the tarot cards are linked to the Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Thoth" title="Book of Thoth">Book of Thoth</a> continues to the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The actual source of the occult tarot can be traced to two articles in volume eight, one written by Court de Gébelin, and one written by M. le C. de M.***,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who has been identified as Major General Louis-Raphaël-Lucrèce de Fayolle, Comte de Mellet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This second essay is "considerably more impressive" than de Gébelin's, albeit "as full of assertions with no basis in truth",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been even more influential than Court de Gébelin's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author makes no acknowledgement of de Gébelin and, although he agrees with all his main conclusions, he also contradicts de Gébelin over such details as the meaning of the word "Tarot" and in how the cards spread across Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morever, he takes de Gébelin's speculations even further, agreeing with him about the mystical origins of the tarot in ancient Egypt, but making several additional, and influential, statements that continue to influence mass understanding of the occult tarot even to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199668–73_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199668–73-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made the first statements proposing that the tarot was "The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Thoth" title="Book of Thoth">Book of Thoth</a>" and made the first association of tarot with cartomancy. Meanwhile Court de Gébelin was the first to imply the existence of a connection between the Tarot and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this connection did not become well established in the public consciousness until other French authors such as Boiteau d'Ambly and Jean-Alexandre Vaillant began in the 1850s to promote the theory that tarot cards had been brought to Europe by the Romani.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlace200534_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlace200534-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996214–215_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996214–215-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, there is "virtually no evidence" that Romani people used any form of playing card for telling fortunes until the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996228_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996228-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etteilla">Etteilla</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etteilla"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first to assign divinatory meanings to the tarot cards was cartomancer <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Alliette" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste Alliette">Jean-Baptiste Alliette</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Etteilla" title="Etteilla">Etteilla</a>) in 1783.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199699_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199699-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlace200553_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlace200553-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Dummett, Etteilla:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>devised a method of tarot divination in 1783,</li> <li>wrote a cartomantic treatise of tarot as the Book of Thoth,</li> <li>created the first society for tarot cartomancy, the Société littéraire des associés libres des interprètes du livre de Thot.</li> <li>created the first corrected tarot (supposedly fixing errors that resulted from misinterpretation and corruption through the mists of antiquity), The Grand Etteilla deck</li> <li>created the first Egyptian tarot to be used exclusively for tarot cartomancy, and</li> <li>published, under the imprint of his society, the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Dictionnaire synonimique du Livre de Thot</i></span>, a book that "systematically tabulated all the possible meanings which each card could bear, when upright and reversed."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980110_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980110-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Etteilla also suggested that tarot was:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199684–85_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199684–85-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>a repository of the wisdom of <a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li>a book of eternal medicine</li> <li>an account of the creation of the world, and</li> <li>argued that the first copy of the tarot was imprinted on leaves of gold.</li></ul> <p>In his 1980 book, <i>The Game of Tarot</i>, Michael Dummett suggested that Etteilla was attempting to supplant Court de Gébelin as the author of the occult tarot.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Etteilla in fact claimed to have been involved with tarot longer than Court de Gébelin.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marie_Anne_Lenormand">Marie Anne Lenormand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marie Anne Lenormand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_Lenormand" title="Marie Anne Lenormand">Mlle Marie-Anne Adelaide Lenormand</a> outshone even Etteilla and was the first cartomancer to people in high places, through her claims to be the personal confidant of <a href="/wiki/Empress_Josephine" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Josephine">Empress Josephine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> and other notables.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lenormand used both regular playing cards, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Piquet_pack" title="Piquet pack">Piquet pack</a>, as well as tarot cards likely derived from the <a href="/wiki/Tarot_de_Marseille" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot de Marseille">Tarot de Marseille</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996137–139_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996137–139-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following her death in 1843, several different cartomantic decks were published in her name, including the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Grand Jeu de Mlle Lenormand</i></span>, based on the standard 52-card deck, first published in 1845, and the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Petit Lenormand</i></span>, a 36-card deck derived from the German game <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Das Spiel der Hoffnung</i></span>, first published around 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996139–141_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996139–141-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Éliphas_Lévi"><span id=".C3.89liphas_L.C3.A9vi"></span>Éliphas Lévi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Éliphas Lévi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of the cards as a mystical key was extended by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89liphas_L%C3%A9vi" title="Éliphas Lévi">Éliphas Lévi</a>. Lévi (whose actual name was Alphonse-Louis Constant) was educated in the seminary of Saint-Sulpice, and was ordained as a deacon, but never became a priest. Michael Dummett noted that it is from Lévi's book <a href="/wiki/Dogme_et_Rituel_de_la_Haute_Magie" title="Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie"><i>Dogme et rituel</i></a> that the "whole of the modern occultist movement stems."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980114_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980114-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lévi's magical theory was based on a concept he called the Astral Light<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996184_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996184-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and according to Dummett, he claimed to be the first to:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980118_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980118-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>"have discovered intact and still unknown this key of all doctrines and all philosophies of the old world... without the tarot", he tells us, "the Magic of the ancients is a closed book...."</dd></dl> <p>Lévi accepted Court de Gébelin's claims that the deck had an Egyptian origin, but rejected Etteilla's interpretation and rectification of the cards in favor of a reinterpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Tarot_de_Marseille" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot de Marseille">Tarot de Marseille</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996170–172,_185_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996170–172,_185-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He called it <i>The Book of Hermes</i> and claimed that the tarot was antique, existed before Moses, and was in fact a universal key of erudition, philosophy, and magic that could unlock <a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermetic</a> and Qabalistic concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980117_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980117-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Lévi, "An imprisoned person with no other book than the Tarot, if he knew how to use it, could in a few years acquire universal knowledge, and would be able to speak on all subjects with unequaled learning and inexhaustible eloquence."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi1896103_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi1896103-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Dummett, Lévi's notable contributions included the following:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996185–191_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996185–191-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Lévi was the first to suggest that the Magus (Bagatto) was to be depicted in conjunction with the symbols of the four suits.</li> <li>Inspired by de Gébelin, Lévi associated the Hebrew alphabet with the <a href="/wiki/Major_Arcana" title="Major Arcana">Major Arcana</a> (tarot trumps) and attributed an "onomantic astrology" system to the "ancient Hebrew Qabalists."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi1886240_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi1886240-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lévi linked the ten numbered cards in each suit to the ten <a href="/wiki/Sefiroth" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefiroth">sefiroth</a>.</li> <li>He claimed the court cards represented stages of human life.</li> <li>He also claimed the four suits represented the <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">Tetragrammaton</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Tarot_divination_after_Lévi"><span id="French_Tarot_divination_after_L.C3.A9vi"></span>French Tarot divination after Lévi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: French Tarot divination after Lévi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occultists, magicians, and magi all the way down to the 21st century have cited Lévi as a defining influence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaite200527_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaite200527-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the first to seemingly adopt Lévi's ideas was <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Pitois" title="Jean-Baptiste Pitois">Jean-Baptiste Pitois</a>. Pitois wrote two books under the name Paul Christian that referenced the tarot, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">L'Homme rouge des Tuileries</i></span> (1863), and later <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Histoire de la magie, du monde surnaturel et de la fatalité à travers les temps et les peuples</i></span> (1870). In them, Pitois repeated and extended the mythology of the tarot and changed the names for the trumps and the suits (see table below for a list of Pitois's modifications to the trumps).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996199–200_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996199–200-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Batons (wands) become Scepters, Swords become Blades, and Coins become Shekels.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, it was not until the late 1880s that Lévi's vision of the occult tarot truly began to bear fruit, as his ideas on the occult began to be propounded by various French and English occultists. In France, secret societies such as the French <a href="/wiki/Theosophy_(Blavatskian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophy (Blavatskian)">Theosophical Society</a> (1884) and the <a href="/wiki/Kabbalistic_Order_of_the_Rose-Cross" title="Kabbalistic Order of the Rose-Cross">Kabbalistic Order of the Rose-Cross</a> (1888) served as the seeds for further developments in the occult tarot in France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996234–237_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996234–237-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French occultist <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Encausse" title="Gérard Encausse">Papus</a> was one of the most prominent members of these societies, joining the Isis lodge of the French Theosophical Society in 1887 and becoming a founding member of the Kabbalistic Order of the Rose-Cross the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996234–237_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996234–237-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his 260 publications are two treatises on the use of tarot cards, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Tarot des Bohémiens</i></span> (1889), which attempted to formalize the method of using tarot cards in ceremonial magic first proposed by Lévi in his <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Clef des grands mysteries</i></span> (1861),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996243–252_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996243–252-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Tarot divinatoire</i></span> (1909), which focused on simpler divinatory uses of the cards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996256–260_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996256–260-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another founding member of the Kabbalistic Order of the Rose-Cross, the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_Stanislas_de_Guaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis Stanislas de Guaita">Marquis Stanislas de Guaita</a>, met the amateur artist <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Wirth" title="Oswald Wirth">Oswald Wirth</a> in 1887 and subsequently sponsored a production of Lévi's intended deck. Guided entirely by de Guaita, Wirth designed the first neo-occultist cartomantic deck (and first cartomantic deck not derived from Etteilla's Egyptian deck).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996238–239_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996238–239-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Released in 1889 as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les 22 Arcanes du Tarot kabbalistique</i></span>, it consisted of only the twenty-two major arcana and was revised under the title of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Tarot des imagers du moyen âge</i></span> in 1926. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996241–242_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996241–242-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wirth also released a book about his revised cards which contained his own theories of the occult tarot under the same title the year following.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside of the Kabbalistic Order, in 1888, French magus <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89ly_Star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ély Star (page does not exist)">Ély Star</a> published <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les mystères de l'horoscope</i></span> which mostly repeats Christian's modifications.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its primary contribution was the introduction of the terms '<a href="/wiki/Major_Arcana" title="Major Arcana">Major Arcana</a>' and '<a href="/wiki/Minor_Arcana" title="Minor Arcana">Minor Arcana</a>', and the numbering of the Crocodile (the Fool) XXII instead of 0.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996242–243_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996242–243-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn_and_its_heirs">The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and its heirs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and its heirs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The late 1880s not only saw the spread of the occult tarot in France, but also its initial adoption in the English-speaking world. In 1886, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Edward Waite">Arthur Edward Waite</a> published <i>The Mysteries of Magic</i>, a selection of Lévi's writings translated by Waite and the first significant treatment of the occult tarot to be published in England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200248_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200248-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was only through the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a> in 1888 that the occult tarot was to become established as a tool in the English-speaking world. </p><p>Of the three founding members of the Golden Dawn, two, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Liddell_Mathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Liddell Mathers">Samuel Liddell Mathers</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Wynn_Westcott" title="William Wynn Westcott">William Wynn Westcott</a>, published texts relating to the occult tarot prior to the founding of the order. Westcott is known to have made ink sketches of tarot trumps in or around 1886<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200253_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200253-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and discussed the tarot in his treatise <i>Tabula Bembina, sive Mensa Isiaca</i>, published in 1887,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200255_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200255-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Mathers had published the first British work primarily focused on the tarot in his 1888 booklet entitled <i>The Tarot: Its Occult Signification, Use in Fortune-Telling and Method of Play</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200257_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200257-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cipher_Manuscripts_Folio_32.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cipher_Manuscripts_Folio_32.gif/220px-Cipher_Manuscripts_Folio_32.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cipher_Manuscripts_Folio_32.gif/330px-Cipher_Manuscripts_Folio_32.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cipher_Manuscripts_Folio_32.gif/440px-Cipher_Manuscripts_Folio_32.gif 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Folio 32 of the <a href="/wiki/Cipher_Manuscripts" title="Cipher Manuscripts">Cipher Manuscripts</a>, which gives the correspondences for the Major Arcana</figcaption></figure> <p>The tarot was also mentioned explicitly in the <a href="/wiki/Cipher_Manuscripts" title="Cipher Manuscripts">Cipher Manuscripts</a> that served as the founding document of the Hermetic Order, both implicitly and in the form of a separate essay accompanying the manuscript.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200277_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200277-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This essay was to serve as the basis for most of tarot interpretations by the Golden Dawn and its immediate successors, including such features as:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200282–83_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200282–83-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>placing The Fool before the other 21 trumps when determining the Qabalistic correspondence of the Major Arcana to the Hebrew alphabet</li> <li>attributing the Hebrew alphabet correspondences to pathways in the <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Life_(Kabbalah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree of Life (Kabbalah)">Tree of Life</a></li> <li>swapping the positions of the eighth and eleventh arcana (Justice and Strength), and</li> <li>reassigning Qabalistic planetary associations to accord with the re-ordered trumps.</li></ul> <p>The Golden Dawn also:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200298_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200298-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>renamed the suits of Batons and Coins to Wands and Pentacles</li> <li>swapped the order of the King and the Knight among the court cards, renaming them the Prince and the King, respectively</li> <li>changed the Page to become the Princess</li> <li>assigned each of the court cards to the letters of the <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">Tetragrammaton</a>, thus associating both the court cards and suits to the four <a href="/wiki/Classical_element" title="Classical element">classical elements</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200298_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200298-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>associated each of the 36 cards ranked from 2 to 10, inclusive, with one of the 36 <a href="/wiki/Decan_(astrology)" title="Decan (astrology)">astrological decans</a>.</li></ul> <p>The Hermetic Order never released its own tarot deck for public use, preferring instead for members to create their own copies of a deck designed by Mathers with art by his wife, <a href="/wiki/Moina_Mathers" title="Moina Mathers">Moina Mathers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200297_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200297-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many of these innovations would make their first public appearance in two influential tarot decks designed by members of the order: the <a href="/wiki/Rider%E2%80%93Waite%E2%80%93Smith_deck" class="mw-redirect" title="Rider–Waite–Smith deck">Rider–Waite–Smith deck</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thoth_tarot_deck" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoth tarot deck">Thoth deck</a>. In addition, occultist <a href="/wiki/Israel_Regardie" title="Israel Regardie">Israel Regardie</a> involved himself in two separate recreations of the original Golden Dawn deck, the <i>Golden Dawn Tarot</i> of 1978 with art by Robert Wang, and the <i>New Golden Dawn Ritual Tarot</i><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Chic_Cicero" title="Chic Cicero">Chic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Tabatha_Cicero" title="Sandra Tabatha Cicero">Sandra Cicero</a>, released, after Regardie's death, in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002169_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002169-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central document containing the Golden Dawn's Tarot interpretations, "Book T", was first published openly, if not under that title, by <a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a> in his occult periodical <i><a href="/wiki/The_Equinox" title="The Equinox">The Equinox</a></i> in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002139_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002139-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The volume was later republished independently in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Greer2008_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greer2008-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Golden Dawn correspondences of the Major Arcana<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Tarot card</th> <th>Hebrew letter</th> <th>Element/planet/sign </th></tr> <tr> <td>0 <a href="/wiki/The_Fool_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fool (Tarot card)">The Fool</a></td> <td>א <a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">Aleph</a></td> <td>🜁 <a href="/wiki/Air_(classical_element)" title="Air (classical element)">Air</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I <a href="/wiki/The_Magician_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Magician (Tarot card)">The Magician</a></td> <td>ב <a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">Bet</a></td> <td>☿ <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>II <a href="/wiki/The_High_Priestess_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The High Priestess (Tarot card)">The High Priestess</a></td> <td>ג <a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">Gimel</a></td> <td>☾ <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>III <a href="/wiki/The_Empress_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Empress (Tarot card)">The Empress</a></td> <td>ד <a href="/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">Dalet</a></td> <td>♀ <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV <a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Emperor (Tarot card)">The Emperor</a></td> <td>ה <a href="/wiki/He_(letter)" title="He (letter)">He</a></td> <td>♈︎ <a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>V <a href="/wiki/The_Hierophant_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hierophant (Tarot card)">The Hierophant</a></td> <td>ו <a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">Vau</a></td> <td>♉︎ <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Taurus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VI <a href="/wiki/The_Lovers_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lovers (Tarot card)">The Lovers</a></td> <td>ז <a href="/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">Zayin</a></td> <td>♊︎ <a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VII <a href="/wiki/The_Chariot_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chariot (Tarot card)">The Chariot</a></td> <td>ח <a href="/wiki/Heth" title="Heth">Heth</a></td> <td>♋︎ <a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>VIII <a href="/wiki/Strength_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strength (Tarot card)">Strength</a></td> <td>ט <a href="/wiki/Teth" title="Teth">Teth</a></td> <td>♌︎ <a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IX <a href="/wiki/The_Hermit_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hermit (Tarot card)">The Hermit</a></td> <td>י <a href="/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">Yod</a></td> <td>♍︎ <a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Virgo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>X <a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_Fortune_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card)">Wheel of Fortune</a></td> <td>כ <a href="/wiki/Kaph" title="Kaph">Kaph</a></td> <td>♃ <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XI <a href="/wiki/Justice_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice (Tarot card)">Justice</a></td> <td>ל <a href="/wiki/Lamedh" title="Lamedh">Lamed</a></td> <td>♎︎ <a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XII <a href="/wiki/The_Hanged_Man_(tarot_card)" title="The Hanged Man (tarot card)">The Hanged Man</a></td> <td>מ <a href="/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">Mem</a></td> <td>🜄 <a href="/wiki/Water_(classical_element)" title="Water (classical element)">Water</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XIII <a href="/wiki/Death_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Death (Tarot card)">Death</a></td> <td>נ <a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">Nun</a></td> <td>♏︎ <a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XIV <a href="/wiki/Temperance_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperance (Tarot card)">Temperance</a></td> <td>ס <a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">Samekh</a></td> <td>♐︎ <a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XV <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Devil (Tarot card)">The Devil</a></td> <td>ע <a href="/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">Ayin</a></td> <td>♑︎ <a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XVI <a href="/wiki/The_Tower_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tower (Tarot card)">The Tower</a></td> <td>פ <a href="/wiki/Pe_(Semitic_letter)" title="Pe (Semitic letter)">Pe</a></td> <td>♂ <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XVII <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Star (Tarot card)">The Star</a></td> <td>צ <a href="/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">Tsade</a></td> <td>♒︎ <a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XVIII <a href="/wiki/The_Moon_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon (Tarot card)">The Moon</a></td> <td>ק <a href="/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph">Qoph</a></td> <td>♓︎ <a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XIX <a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sun (Tarot card)">The Sun</a></td> <td>ר <a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">Resh</a></td> <td>☉ <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XX <a href="/wiki/Judgement_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgement (Tarot card)">Judgement</a></td> <td>ש <a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">Shin</a></td> <td>🜂 <a href="/wiki/Fire_(classical_element)" title="Fire (classical element)">Fire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>XXI <a href="/wiki/The_World_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The World (Tarot card)">The World</a></td> <td>ת <a href="/wiki/Taw" title="Taw">Taw</a></td> <td>♄ <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waite_and_Crowley">Waite and Crowley</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Waite and Crowley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_Cross_Tarot_Spread.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Celtic_Cross_Tarot_Spread.jpg/220px-Celtic_Cross_Tarot_Spread.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Celtic_Cross_Tarot_Spread.jpg/330px-Celtic_Cross_Tarot_Spread.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Celtic_Cross_Tarot_Spread.jpg/440px-Celtic_Cross_Tarot_Spread.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>The Celtic Cross spread using the Universal Waite deck, a recolored variation of the original Rider–Waite deck</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rider%E2%80%93Waite%E2%80%93Smith_deck" class="mw-redirect" title="Rider–Waite–Smith deck">Rider–Waite–Smith deck</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> released in 1909, was the first complete cartomantic tarot deck other than those derived from Etteilla's Egyptian tarot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002129_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002129-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Oswald_Wirth" title="Oswald Wirth">Oswald Wirth</a>'s 1889 deck had only depicted the major arcana.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996238–239_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996238–239-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) The deck, designed by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Edward Waite">Arthur Edward Waite</a>, was executed by <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Colman_Smith" title="Pamela Colman Smith">Pamela Colman Smith</a>, a fellow Golden Dawn member, and was the first tarot deck to feature complete scenes for each of the 36 suit cards between 2 and 10 since the <a href="/wiki/Sola_Busca_tarot" title="Sola Busca tarot">Sola Busca tarot</a> of the 15th century, with certain designs likely based in part on a number of photographs of them held by the British Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002132_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002132-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deck followed the Golden Dawn in its choice of suit names and in swapping the order of the trumps of Justice and Strength, but essentially preserved the traditional designations of the court cards. The deck was followed by the release of <i>The Key to the Tarot</i>, also by Waite, in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Thoth_tarot_deck" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoth tarot deck">Thoth deck</a>, first released as part of Aleister Crowley's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth_(Crowley)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Thoth (Crowley)">The Book of Thoth</a></i> in 1944,<sup id="cite_ref-Gillis2009_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gillis2009-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> represent a somewhat different evolution of the original Golden Dawn designs. The deck, executed by <a href="/wiki/Lady_Frieda_Harris" title="Lady Frieda Harris">Lady Frieda Harris</a> as a series of paintings between 1938 and 1942,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002153_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002153-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> owes much to Crowley's development of <a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a> in the years following the dissolution of the Hermetic Order. While the deck follows Golden Dawn teachings with respect to the zodiacal associations of the major arcana and the associations of the minor arcana with the various astrological decans, it also:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002153–154_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002153–154-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>reverted to the traditional Marseille numbering of Justice and Strength as arcana 8 and 11, respectively (though it retained the swapped associations with respect to the Hebrew alphabet)</li> <li>swapped the Hebrew alphabet associations of the fourth and seventeenth arcana (The Emperor and The Star, respectively), in accordance with Crowley's <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Legis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Legis">Liber Legis</a></i> of 1913</li> <li>renamed several of the major arcana</li> <li>renamed the suits of Batons and Coins to Wands and Disks (the latter instead of the Golden Dawn's "Pentacles"), and</li> <li>adopted the Golden Dawn's court cards, except that the Knight was not renamed.</li></ul> <p>While Crowley managed to print a partial test run of the standalone deck using seven color plates included in <i>The Book of Thoth</i>, it was not until the 1960s, after Crowley and Harris's deaths, that the deck was first printed in its entirety.<sup id="cite_ref-Gillis2009_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gillis2009-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tarot_divination_in_the_United_States">Tarot divination in the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tarot divination in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two of the earliest publications on tarot in the English language were published in the United States, including a book by Madame Camille Le Normand entitled <i>Fortune-Telling by Cards; or, Cartomancy Made Easy</i>, published in 1872,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002326,_chapter_3,_note_1_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002326,_chapter_3,_note_1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an anonymous American essay on the tarot published in <i>The Platonist</i> in 1885 entitled "The Taro".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter essay is implied by Decker and Dummett to have been written by an individual with a connection to the occult order known as the <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Brotherhood_of_Luxor" title="Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor">Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200261–62_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200261–62-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it is not clear to what extent the Hermetic Brotherhood used tarot cards in its practices,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200271_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200271-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it influenced later occult societies such as Elbert Benjamine's <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Light" title="Church of Light">Church of Light</a>, which had tarot practices (and an accompanying deck) of its own.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002219–220_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002219–220-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adoption of the esoteric tarot practices of the Golden Dawn in the United States was driven in part by the American occultist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Foster_Case" title="Paul Foster Case">Paul Foster Case</a>, whose 1920 book <i>An Introduction to the Study of the Tarot</i> made use of the Rider–Waite–Smith deck and assorted esoteric associations first adopted by the Golden Dawn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002250–251_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002250–251-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1930s, however, Case had formed his own occult order, the <a href="/wiki/Builders_of_the_Adytum" title="Builders of the Adytum">Builders of the Adytum</a>, and began to promote the Revised New Art Tarot,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Manly_P._Hall" title="Manly P. Hall">Manly P. Hall</a> with art by <a href="/wiki/John_Augustus_Knapp" title="John Augustus Knapp">J. Augustus Knapp</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002254–255_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002254–255-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Case's own deck. Executed by <a href="/wiki/Jessie_Burns_Parke" title="Jessie Burns Parke">Jessie Burns Parke</a>, the artwork of Case's deck, the <a href="/wiki/B.O.T.A._tarot_deck" title="B.O.T.A. tarot deck">B.O.T.A. Tarot</a>, generally resembles that of the Rider–Waite–Smith deck, but the deck also shows influences from <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Wirth" title="Oswald Wirth">Oswald Wirth</a> and the original design of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn tarot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002256_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002256-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Case promoted the deck in his 1947 book <i>The Tarot: A Key to the Wisdom of the Ages</i>, which also marked one of the first references to the work of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> by a tarotist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002255_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002255-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Esoteric use of the Rider–Waite–Smith Tarot was also promoted in the works of <a href="/wiki/Eden_Gray" title="Eden Gray">Eden Gray</a>, whose three books on the tarot made extensive use of the deck. Gray's books were adopted by members of the 1960s counter-culture as standard reference works on divinatory use of tarot cards,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002300_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002300-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her 1970 book <i>A Complete Guide to the Tarot</i> was the first work to use the metaphor of the "Fool's Journey" to explain the meanings of the major arcana.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tarot_divination_since_1970">Tarot divination since 1970</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tarot divination since 1970"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The work of Eden Gray and others in the 1960s led to an explosion of popularity in tarot card reading beginning in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-Greer2008_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greer2008-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_R._Kaplan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuart R. Kaplan (page does not exist)">Stuart R. Kaplan's</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Games_Systems" title="U.S. Games Systems">U.S. Games Systems</a>, which had been founded in 1968 to import copies of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_1JJ_Tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss 1JJ Tarot">Swiss 1JJ Tarot</a>, was well positioned to take advantage of this explosion and reissued the then out-of-print Rider–Waite–Smith Tarot in 1970, which has not gone out of print since.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarot card reading quickly became associated with New Age thought, signaled in part by the popularity of <a href="/wiki/David_Palladini" title="David Palladini">David Palladini's</a> Rider–Waite–Smith-inspired Aquarian Tarot, first issued in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists soon began to create their own interpretations of the tarot for artistic purposes rather than purely esoteric ones, such as the Mountain Dream Tarot of <a href="/wiki/Bea_Nettles" title="Bea Nettles">Bea Nettles</a>, the first photographic tarot deck, released in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1980s and 1990s saw the rise of a new generation of tarotists, influenced by the writings of Eden Gray and the work of Carl Jung and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a> on psychological archetypes. These tarotists sought to apply tarot card reading to personal introspection and growth, and included <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_K._Greer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary K. Greer (page does not exist)">Mary K. Greer</a>, the author of <i>Tarot for Your Self: A Wookbook for the Inward Journey</i> (1984), and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Pollack" title="Rachel Pollack">Rachel Pollack</a>, the author of <i>Seventy-Eight Degrees of Wisdom</i> (1980/1983).<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarot cards also began to gain popularity as a divinatory tool in countries like Japan, where hundreds of new decks have been designed in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The democratization of digital publishing in the 2000s and 2010s led to a new explosion of tarot decks as artists became increasingly able to self-publish their own, with the contemporaneous empowerment of feminist, LGBTQ+ and other marginalized communities providing a ready market for such work.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tarot is often used in conjunction with the study of the <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Qabalah" title="Hermetic Qabalah">Hermetic Qabalah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these decks all the cards are illustrated in accordance with Qabalistic principles, most being influenced by the <i><a href="/wiki/Rider%E2%80%93Waite" class="mw-redirect" title="Rider–Waite">Rider–Waite</a></i> deck. Its images were drawn by artist <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Colman_Smith" title="Pamela Colman Smith">Pamela Colman Smith</a>, to the instructions of Christian mystic and occultist <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Edward_Waite" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Edward Waite">Arthur Edward Waite</a>, and published in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaite200533_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaite200533-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A difference from <a href="/wiki/Tarot_of_Marseille" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot of Marseille">Marseilles</a>-style decks is that Waite and Smith use scenes with <a href="/wiki/Esoteric" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric">esoteric</a> meanings on the suit cards. These esoteric, or divinatory meanings were derived in great part from the writings of the <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a> group, of which Waite had been a member. The meanings<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many of the illustrations<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showed the influence of <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a> as well as Qabalistic principles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trumps">Trumps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Trumps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a comparison of the order and names of the <a href="/wiki/Major_Trumps" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Trumps">Major Trumps</a> up to and including the Rider–Waite–Smith and Crowley (Thoth) decks: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tarot_de_Marseille" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot de Marseille">Tarot de Marseille</a><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Court de Gébelin<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Etteilla<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Paul Christian<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996200_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996200-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Oswald Wirth<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Golden Dawn<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200297–98_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200297–98-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Rider–Waite–Smith<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaite200536–79_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaite200536–79-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Book of Thoth<br />(Crowley)<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>I. The Juggler </td> <td>I. The Thimblerig, or <i>Bateleur</i> </td> <td>15. Illness </td> <td>I. The Magus </td> <td>1. The Magician </td> <td>I. The Magician </td> <td>I. The Magician </td> <td>I. The Magus<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>II. The Popess </td> <td>II. The High Priestess </td> <td>8. Etteilla /Female questioner </td> <td>II. The Gate of the Sanctuary (of the occult Sanctuary) </td> <td>2. The Priestess </td> <td>II. The High Priestess </td> <td>II. The High Priestess </td> <td>II. The Priestess </td></tr> <tr> <td>III. The Empress </td> <td>III. The Queen </td> <td>6. Night /Day </td> <td>III. Isis-Urania </td> <td>3. The Empress </td> <td>III. The Empress </td> <td>III. The Empress </td> <td>III. The Empress </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV. The Emperor </td> <td>IV. The King </td> <td>7. Support /Protection </td> <td>IV. The Cubic Stone </td> <td>4. The Emperor </td> <td>IV. The Emperor </td> <td>IV. The Emperor </td> <td>IV. The Emperor </td></tr> <tr> <td>V. The Pope </td> <td>V. The Lead Hierophant, or the High Priest </td> <td>13. Marriage /Union </td> <td>V. The Master of the Mysteries (of the Arcana) </td> <td>5. The Pope </td> <td>V. The Hierophant </td> <td>V. The Hierophant </td> <td>V. The Hierophant </td></tr> <tr> <td>VI. The Lovers </td> <td>VI. The Marriage </td> <td>(none)<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>VI. The Two Roads </td> <td>6. The Lover </td> <td>VI. The Lovers </td> <td>VI. The Lovers </td> <td>VI. The Lovers </td></tr> <tr> <td>VII. The Chariot </td> <td>VII. Osiris Triumphant </td> <td>21. Dissension </td> <td>VII. The Chariot of Osiris </td> <td>7. The Chariot </td> <td>VII. The Chariot </td> <td>VII. The Chariot </td> <td>VII. The Chariot </td></tr> <tr> <td>VIII. Justice </td> <td>VIII. Justice </td> <td>9. Justice /Jurist </td> <td>VIII. Themis (the Scales and Blade) </td> <td>8. Justice </td> <td>XI. Justice </td> <td>XI. Justice </td> <td>VIII. Adjustment </td></tr> <tr> <td>IX. The Hermit </td> <td>IX. The Sage, or the Seeker of Truth and Justice </td> <td>18. Traitor </td> <td>IX. The Veiled Lamp </td> <td>9. The Hermit </td> <td>IX. The Hermit </td> <td>IX. The Hermit </td> <td>IX. The Hermit </td></tr> <tr> <td>X. The Wheel of Fortune </td> <td>X. The Wheel of Fortune </td> <td>20. Fortune /Increase </td> <td>X. The Sphinx </td> <td>10. The Wheel of Fortune </td> <td>X. The Wheel of Fortune </td> <td>X. Wheel of Fortune </td> <td>X. Fortune </td></tr> <tr> <td>XI. Strength </td> <td>XI. Strength </td> <td>11. Strength /Sovereign </td> <td>XI. The Muzzled Lion (the Tamed Lion) </td> <td>11. The Strength </td> <td>VIII. Strength </td> <td>VIII. Strength </td> <td>XI. Lust </td></tr> <tr> <td>XII. The Hanged Man </td> <td>XII. Prudence </td> <td>12. Prudence /The People </td> <td>XII. The Sacrifice </td> <td>12. The Hanged Man </td> <td>XII. The Hanged Man </td> <td>XII. The Hanged Man </td> <td>XII. The Hanged Man </td></tr> <tr> <td>XIII. Death<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>XIII. Death<sup id="cite_ref-CourtDeGebelin13_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CourtDeGebelin13-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>17. Mortality /Nothingness </td> <td>XIII. The Skeleton Reaper (the Reaper, the Scythe) </td> <td>13. Death </td> <td>XIII. Death </td> <td>XIII. Death </td> <td>XIII. Death </td></tr> <tr> <td>XIV. Temperance </td> <td>XIV. Temperance<sup id="cite_ref-CourtDeGebelin13_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CourtDeGebelin13-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>10. Temperance /Priest </td> <td>XIV. The Two Urns (the Genius of the Sun) </td> <td>14. Temperance </td> <td>XIV. Temperance </td> <td>XIV. Temperance </td> <td>XIV. Art </td></tr> <tr> <td>XV. The Devil </td> <td>XV. Typhon </td> <td>14. Great Force </td> <td>XV. Typhon </td> <td>15. The Devil </td> <td>XV. The Devil </td> <td>XV. The Devil </td> <td>XV. The Devil </td></tr> <tr> <td>XVI. The House of God </td> <td>XVI. God-House, or Castle of Plutus </td> <td>19. Misery /Prison </td> <td>XVI. The Beheaded Tower (the Lightning-Struck Tower) </td> <td>16. The Tower </td> <td>XVI. The Blasted Tower </td> <td>XVI. The Tower </td> <td>XVI. The Tower </td></tr> <tr> <td>XVII. The Star </td> <td>XVII. The Dog Star </td> <td>4. Desolation /Air </td> <td>XVII. The Star of the Magi </td> <td>17. The Star </td> <td>XVII. The Star </td> <td>XVII. The Star </td> <td>XVII. The Star </td></tr> <tr> <td>XVIII. The Moon </td> <td>XVIII. The Moon </td> <td>3. Comments /Water </td> <td>XVIII. The Twilight </td> <td>18. The Moon </td> <td>XVIII. The Moon </td> <td>XVIII. The Moon </td> <td>XVIII. The Moon </td></tr> <tr> <td>XIX. The Sun </td> <td>XIX. The Sun </td> <td>2. Enlightenment /Fire </td> <td>XIX. The Blazing Light </td> <td>19. The Sun </td> <td>XIX. The Sun </td> <td>XIX. The Sun </td> <td>XIX. The Sun </td></tr> <tr> <td>XX. Judgement </td> <td>XX. The Last Judgment </td> <td>16. Judgment </td> <td>XX. The Awakening of the Dead (the Genius of the Dead) </td> <td>20. Judgment </td> <td>XX. Judgement </td> <td>XX. Judgement </td> <td>XX. The Aeon </td></tr> <tr> <td>XXI. The World </td> <td>XXI. Time </td> <td>5. Voyage /Earth </td> <td>XXI. The Crown of the Magi </td> <td>21. The World </td> <td>XXI. The Universe </td> <td>XXI. The World </td> <td>XXI. The Universe </td></tr> <tr> <td>— The Fool </td> <td>0. The Fool </td> <td>78 (or 0). Folly </td> <td>0. The Crocodile<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>r<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>— The Fool<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0. The Fool </td> <td>0. The Fool<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0. The Fool </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_use">Personal use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Personal use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Next to the usage of tarot cards to divine for others by professional <a href="/wiki/Cartomancy" title="Cartomancy">cartomancers</a>, tarot is also used widely as a device for seeking personal guidance and spiritual growth. Practitioners often believe tarot cards can help the individual explore one's spiritual path. </p><p>People who use the tarot for personal divination may seek insight on topics ranging widely from health or economic issues to what they believe would be best for them spiritually.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the way practitioners use the cards in regard to such personal inquiries is subject to a variety of personal beliefs. For example, some tarot users may believe the cards themselves are magically providing answers, while others may believe a supernatural force or a mystical energy is guiding the cards into a layout. </p><p> Alternatively, some practitioners believe tarot cards may be utilized as a psychology tool based on their <a href="/wiki/Archetypal" class="mw-redirect" title="Archetypal">archetypal</a> imagery, an idea often attributed to <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a>. Jung wrote, "It also seems as if the set of pictures in the Tarot cards were distantly descended from the archetypes of transformation, a view that has been confirmed for me in a very enlightening lecture by Professor Bernoulli."<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a 1933 seminar on <a href="/wiki/Active_imagination" title="Active imagination">active imagination</a>, Jung described the symbolism he saw in the imagery:<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>The original cards of the Tarot consist of the ordinary cards, the king, the queen, the knight, the ace, etc., only the figures are somewhat different, and besides, there are twenty-one [additional] cards upon which are symbols, or pictures of symbolical situations. For example, the symbol of the sun, or the symbol of the man hung up by the feet, or the tower struck by lightning, or the wheel of fortune, and so on. Those are sort of archetypal ideas, of a differentiated nature, which mingle with the ordinary constituents of the flow of the unconscious, and therefore it is applicable for an intuitive method that has the purpose of understanding the flow of life, possibly even predicting future events, at all events lending itself to the reading of the conditions of the present moment.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Skeptic <a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">James Randi</a> once said that:<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>For use as a divinatory device, the tarot deck is dealt out in various patterns and interpreted by a gifted "reader." The fact that the deck is not dealt out into the same pattern fifteen minutes later is rationalized by the occultists by claiming that in that short span of time, a person's fortune can change, too. That would seem to call for rather frequent readings if the system is to be of any use whatsoever.</p></blockquote><p>Tarot historian Michael Dummett similarly critiqued occultist uses throughout his various works, remarking that "the history of the esoteric use of Tarot cards is an oscillation between the two poles of vulgar fortune telling and high magic; though the fence between them may have collapsed in places, the story cannot be understood if we fail to discern the difference between the regions it demarcates."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199624–25_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199624–25-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a historian, Dummett held particular disdain for what he called "the most successful propaganda campaign ever launched", noting that "an entire false history, and false interpretation, of the Tarot pack was concocted by the occultists; and it is all but universally believed."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199627_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199627-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Christian writers discourage divination, including tarot card reading, as deceptive and "spiritually dangerous", citing, for example, Leviticus 19:26 and Deuteronomy 18:9–12 as <a href="/wiki/Proof_texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Proof texts">proof texts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_reading" title="Psychic reading">Psychic reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrot_astrology" title="Parrot astrology">Parrot astrology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, Alexander and Shannon (2019),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who describe as "compelling" theories linking tarot cards to ancient Egypt and the Book of Thoth.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The asterisks and the abbreviations are the actual way Court de Gébelin refers to the second essay.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miscalled by him "Bohemians". At that time, Romani people were thought to have come from Egypt, until later research established their origin in India.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Despite this, Alexander and Shannon (2019),<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> still claim that "Romani people may have carried the cards to Europe."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Etteilla's "eagerness to establish his claim to priority over de Gébelin..."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980107_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980107-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Etteilla repeatedly claimed that he had studied the Tarot pack "from 1757 to 1765..."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980107_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980107-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaite2005">Waite (2005)</a> made 34 references to Lévi in all, including references to five of Lévi's books in the bibliography.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dummett (1980) singles out Pitois's writing as one of the worst examples of what he calls false ascription to be found in the occult literature.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No complete copies of this deck are known to exist, but copies of three trumps, one court card, and the entire set of minor arcana painted by <a href="/wiki/Moina_Mathers" title="Moina Mathers">Moina Mathers</a> were preserved by the <a href="/wiki/Whare_Ra" title="Whare Ra">Whare Ra</a> Temple of New Zealand, and a set of court cards believed to be those of <a href="/wiki/William_Wynn_Westcott" title="William Wynn Westcott">W. W. Westcott</a> were also preserved. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Regardie" title="Israel Regardie">Israel Regardie</a>'s later recreations of the deck were based on color photocopies of his personal deck for which the originals had been stolen.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rereleased as the <i>Golden Dawn Magical Tarot</i> in 2000 and 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternately named the <i>Rider–Waite Tarot</i> or <i>Waite–Smith Tarot</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Re-released with black-and-white versions of Smith's artwork as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pictorial_Key_to_the_Tarot" title="The Pictorial Key to the Tarot">The Pictorial Key to the Tarot</a></i>, in 1911.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known as the <i>Knapp Tarot</i> or <i>Knapp-Hall Tarot</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some versions of Crowley's tarot include two additional variants of this arcanum with different artwork.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gillis2009_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gillis2009-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">But note that Revak identifies a single card labeled "1. Etteilla/Male querent" that does not correspond to any in the Tarot de Marseille.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Typically unlabeled.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CourtDeGebelin13-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CourtDeGebelin13_124-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CourtDeGebelin13_124-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Court de Gébelin incorrectly labeled both Death and Temperance as XIII.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlace200535_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlace200535-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter is probably a printing error.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian, following Lévi, placed his "Crocodile" between Arcanum XX and Arcanum XXI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wirth typically placed his unnumbered "Fool" last, but depicted the penultimate Hebrew letter <i>shin</i> (ש) on the card, following Lévi's arrangement of Arcanum 0 between Arcanum XX and Arcanum XXI.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996187_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996187-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002179_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002179-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While the Fool is numbered 0 in the Rider–Waite–Smith tarot, Waite follows Lévi in listing it between Arcanum XX and Arcanum XXI in his <i>Pictorial Key to the Tarot,</i> despite calling such an order "ridiculous on the surface [and] wrong on the symbolism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002138_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002138-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-ISBN plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/40px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/60px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/80px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>lacks <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBNs</a> for the books listed</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit">add the ISBNs</a> or run the <a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/process_page.php?edit=template&slow=1&user=Biblio+template+user&page=Tarot_card_reading">citation bot</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPratesi2012" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Pratesi" title="Franco Pratesi">Pratesi, Franco</a> (2012). "In Search of Tarot Sources". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i>. <b>41</b> (2): 100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Playing-Card&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+Tarot+Sources&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=100&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Pratesi&rft.aufirst=Franco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pratesi,_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratesi, Franco">Pratesi, Franco</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trionfi.com/giusto-giusti">Studies on Giusto Giusti</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224132027/http://trionfi.com/giusto-giusti">Archived</a> 2021-02-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at trionfi.com. Retrieved 4 February 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteele1900" class="citation journal cs1">Steele, Robert (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1573246">"A notice of the Ludus Triumphorum and Some Early Italian Card Games: With Some Remarks on the Origin of the Game of Cards"</a>. <i>Archaeologia</i>. <b>LVII</b>: <span class="nowrap">85–</span>200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0261340900027636">10.1017/S0261340900027636</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeologia&rft.atitle=A+notice+of+the+Ludus+Triumphorum+and+Some+Early+Italian+Card+Games%3A+With+Some+Remarks+on+the+Origin+of+the+Game+of+Cards&rft.volume=LVII&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E85-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0261340900027636&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1573246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett1980">Dummett 1980</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett198096-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett198096_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett198096_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett1980">Dummett 1980</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DummettGame-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DummettGame_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDummettMann1980" class="citation book cs1">Dummett, Michael A. E; Mann, Sylvia (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qqm1AAAAIAAJ"><i>The game of Tarot: From Ferrara to Salt Lake City</i></a>. Duckworth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780715610145" title="Special:BookSources/9780715610145"><bdi>9780715610145</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+game+of+Tarot%3A+From+Ferrara+to+Salt+Lake+City&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780715610145&rft.aulast=Dummett&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.+E&rft.au=Mann%2C+Sylvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqqm1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDD27-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DDD27_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996), p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuspensky1976" class="citation book cs1">Ouspensky, P. D. (1976). <i>The Symbolism of the Tarot: philosophy of occultism in pictures and numbers</i>. Dover Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Symbolism+of+the+Tarot%3A+philosophy+of+occultism+in+pictures+and+numbers&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Ouspensky&rft.aufirst=P.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemetsky2011" class="citation journal cs1">Semetsky, Inna (2011). "Tarot images and spiritual education: the three I's model". <i>International Journal of Children's Spirituality</i>. <b>16</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">249–</span>260. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1364436X.2011.613069">10.1080/1364436X.2011.613069</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144743688">144743688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Children%27s+Spirituality&rft.atitle=Tarot+images+and+spiritual+education%3A+the+three+I%27s+model&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E260&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1364436X.2011.613069&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144743688%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Semetsky&rft.aufirst=Inna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLévi2002">Lévi 2002</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeeb1985" class="citation journal cs1">Beeb, John (1985). 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"The Wisdom of the Fool". <i>Psychological Perspective: A Quarterly Journal of Jungian Thought</i>. <b>5</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">97–</span>116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00332927408409418">10.1080/00332927408409418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Perspective%3A+A+Quarterly+Journal+of+Jungian+Thought&rft.atitle=The+Wisdom+of+the+Fool&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00332927408409418&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Sallie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols" class="citation book cs1">Nichols, Sallie. <i>Jung and Tarot: An Archetypal Journey</i>. San Francisco: Weiser Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jung+and+Tarot%3A+An+Archetypal+Journey&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Sallie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemetsky2010" class="citation journal cs1">Semetsky, Inna (2010). "When Cathy was a Little Girl: The Healing Praxis of Tarot Images". <i>International Journal of Children's Spirituality</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13644360903565623">10.1080/13644360903565623</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145713665">145713665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Children%27s+Spirituality&rft.atitle=When+Cathy+was+a+Little+Girl%3A+The+Healing+Praxis+of+Tarot+Images&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=59&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13644360903565623&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145713665%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Semetsky&rft.aufirst=Inna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDummett2002">Decker & Dummett 2002</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781370-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781370_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCourt_de_Gébelin1781">Court de Gébelin 1781</a>, p. 370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781371-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781371_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCourt_de_Gébelin1781">Court de Gébelin 1781</a>, p. 371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781376-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781376_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCourt_de_Gébelin1781">Court de Gébelin 1781</a>, p. 376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781380-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECourt_de_Gébelin1781380_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCourt_de_Gébelin1781">Court de Gébelin 1781</a>, p. 380.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199660-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199660_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander & Shannon (2019), p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199666_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199668–73-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199668–73_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 68–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlace200534-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlace200534_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlace2005">Place 2005</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996214–215-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996214–215_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 214–215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996228-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996228_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander & Shannon (2019), p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199699-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199699_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlace200553-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlace200553_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlace2005">Place 2005</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980110-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980110_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett1980">Dummett 1980</a>, pp. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199684–85-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199684–85_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 84–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980107-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980107_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980107_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett1980">Dummett 1980</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996137–139-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996137–139_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 137–139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996139–141-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996139–141_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 139–141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980114-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980114_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett1980">Dummett 1980</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996184-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996184_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980118-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980118_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett1980">Dummett 1980</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996170–172,_185-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996170–172,_185_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 170–172, 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980117-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980117_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett1980">Dummett 1980</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi1896103-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi1896103_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLévi1896">Lévi 1896</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996185–191-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996185–191_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 185–191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELévi1886240-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELévi1886240_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLévi1886">Lévi 1886</a>, p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaite200527-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaite200527_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaite2005">Waite 2005</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996199–200-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996199–200_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 199–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996234–237-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996234–237_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996234–237_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 234–237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996243–252-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996243–252_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 243–252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996256–260-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996256–260_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 256–260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996238–239-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996238–239_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996238–239_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 238–239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996241–242-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996241–242_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 241–242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302230445/https://eno-tarot.blogspot.com/2012/02/le-tarot-des-imagiers-du-moyen-age.html">"Le Tarot des Imagiers du Moyen Age - Tchou edition"</a>. <i>Eno's Tarots</i>. 2012-02-26. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mary+K.+Greer%27s+Tarot+Blog&rft.atitle=Arcana+in+the+Adytum&rft.date=2008-05-08&rft.aulast=Greer&rft.aufirst=Mary+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarykgreer.com%2F2008%2F05%2F18%2Farcana-in-the-adytum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996242–243-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996242–243_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett 1996</a>, pp. 242–243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200248-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200248_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDummett2002">Decker & Dummett 2002</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200253-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200253_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDummett2002">Decker & Dummett 2002</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200255-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200255_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDummett2002">Decker & Dummett 2002</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200257-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200257_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDummett2002">Decker & Dummett 2002</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200277-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200277_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDummett2002">Decker & Dummett 2002</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200282–83-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200282–83_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDummett2002">Decker & Dummett 2002</a>, pp. 82–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200298-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200298_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200298_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDummett2002">Decker & Dummett 2002</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200297-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200297_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDummett2002">Decker & Dummett 2002</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZalewskiZalewski2019" class="citation book cs1">Zalewski, Pat; Zalewski, Chris (2019). <i>The Magical Tarot of the Golden Dawn: Divination, Meditation and High Magical Teachings</i> (revised ed.). 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York Beach, ME: Samuel Weiser, Inc. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0877286566" title="Special:BookSources/0877286566"><bdi>0877286566</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tarot+of+the+Magicians&rft.place=York+Beach%2C+ME&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Samuel+Weiser%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0877286566&rft.aulast=Wirth&rft.aufirst=Oswald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTarotOfTheMagiciansByOswaldWirth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200297–98-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDummett200297–98_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDummett2002">Decker & Dummett 2002</a>, pp. 97–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaite200536–79-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaite200536–79_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaite2005">Waite 2005</a>, pp. 36–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiegler1988" class="citation book cs1">Ziegler, Gert (1988). <i>Tarot: Mirror of the Soul</i>. York Beach, ME: Samuel Weiser, Inc. pp. <span class="nowrap">13–</span>59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0877286833" title="Special:BookSources/0877286833"><bdi>0877286833</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tarot%3A+Mirror+of+the+Soul&rft.place=York+Beach%2C+ME&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E59&rft.pub=Samuel+Weiser%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0877286833&rft.aulast=Ziegler&rft.aufirst=Gert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkronBanzhaf1995" class="citation book cs1">Akron; Banzhaf, Hajo (1995). <i>The Crowley Tarot: The Handbook to the Cards</i>. 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Retrieved 6 June 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianity.com/wiki/cults-and-other-religions/what-should-christians-know-about-tarot-cards.html"><i>Are Tarot Cards Evil and What Should Christians Know about Them?</i></a> by Jack Ashcraft at christianity.com. Retrieved 6 June 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alexander, Skye and Mary Shannon (2019). <i>The Only Tarot Book You'll Ever Need</i>. Avon, MASS: Simon & Schuster.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCase2012" class="citation book cs1">Case, Paul Foster (August 2012) [first published 1920]. <i>An Introduction to the Study of the Tarot</i>. Ancient Wisdom Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781936690831" title="Special:BookSources/9781936690831"><bdi>9781936690831</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Study+of+the+Tarot&rft.pub=Ancient+Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=2012-08&rft.isbn=9781936690831&rft.aulast=Case&rft.aufirst=Paul+Foster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCase1947" class="citation book cs1">Case, Paul Foster (1947). <i>The Tarot: A Key to the Wisdom of the Ages</i>. 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Paris: Chez Court de Gébelin, Valleyre, & Sorin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+monde+primitif&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Chez+Court+de+G%C3%A9belin%2C+Valleyre%2C+%26+Sorin&rft.date=1781&rft.aulast=Court+de+G%C3%A9belin&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fb30411956_0008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1974" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Aleister (1974) [first published 1944]. <i>The Book of Thoth (Egyptian Tarot)</i>. New York: Samuel Weiser, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0877282684" title="Special:BookSources/0877282684"><bdi>0877282684</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Thoth+%28Egyptian+Tarot%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Samuel+Weiser%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0877282684&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Aleister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996" class="citation book cs1">Decker, Ronald; Depaulis, Thierry; Dummett, Michael (1996). <i>A Wicked Pack of Cards: The Origins of the Occult Tarot</i>. 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London: Duckworth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0715631225" title="Special:BookSources/0715631225"><bdi>0715631225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Occult+Tarot%3A+1870%E2%80%931970&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0715631225&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.au=Dummett%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDummett1980" class="citation book cs1">Dummett, Michael (1980). <i>The Game of Tarot</i>. 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Newburyport, MA: Weiser Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578636792" title="Special:BookSources/9781578636792"><bdi>9781578636792</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tarot+for+Your+Self%3A+A+Workbook+for+the+Inward+Journey&rft.place=Newburyport%2C+MA&rft.edition=35th+anniversary&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2019-09&rft.isbn=9781578636792&rft.aulast=Greer&rft.aufirst=Mary+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Normand1872" class="citation book cs1">Le Normand, Camille (1872). <i>Fortune-Telling by Cards; or, Cartomancy Made Easy</i>. New York: Robert M. 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Translated by Waite, Arthur Edward. London: George Redway.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transcendental+Magic%3A+Its+Doctrine+and+Ritual&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Redway&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vi&rft.aufirst=%C3%89liphas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLévi2002" class="citation book cs1">Lévi, Éliphas (2002) [1959]. <i>The Key of the Mysteries</i>. Translated by Crowley, Aleister. Boston, MA: Red Wheel/Weiser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0877280789" title="Special:BookSources/0877280789"><bdi>0877280789</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Key+of+the+Mysteries&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Red+Wheel%2FWeiser&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0877280789&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vi&rft.aufirst=%C3%89liphas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathers1888" class="citation book cs1">Mathers, S.L. MacGregor (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sacred-texts.com/tarot/mathers/index.htm"><i>The Tarot: Its Occult Signification, Use in Fortune-Telling and Method of Play</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tarot%3A+Its+Occult+Signification%2C+Use+in+Fortune-Telling+and+Method+of+Play&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Mathers&rft.aufirst=S.L.+MacGregor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsacred-texts.com%2Ftarot%2Fmathers%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapus1889" class="citation book cs1">Papus (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clefabsoluedelas00papuuoft"><i>Le tarot des Bohémiens</i></a>. Paris: Ernest Flammarion.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+tarot+des+Boh%C3%A9miens&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Ernest+Flammarion&rft.date=1889&rft.au=Papus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclefabsoluedelas00papuuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapus2006" class="citation book cs1">Papus (2006) [first published 1909]. <i>Le tarot divinatoire</i>. Elibron Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/054378603X" title="Special:BookSources/054378603X"><bdi>054378603X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+tarot+divinatoire&rft.pub=Elibron+Classics&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=054378603X&rft.au=Papus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlace2005" class="citation book cs1">Place, Robert (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tarothistorysymb00plac"><i>The Tarot: History, Symbolism, and Divination</i></a></span>. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781585423491" title="Special:BookSources/9781585423491"><bdi>9781585423491</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tarot%3A+History%2C+Symbolism%2C+and+Divination&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Jeremy+P.+Tarcher%2FPenguin&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781585423491&rft.aulast=Place&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftarothistorysymb00plac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollack2019" class="citation book cs1">Pollack, Rachel (2019) [first published in two parts in 1980/1983]. <i>Seventy-Eight Degrees of Wisdom: A Tarot Journey to Self-Awareness</i>. Newburyport, MA: Weiser Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578636655" title="Special:BookSources/9781578636655"><bdi>9781578636655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seventy-Eight+Degrees+of+Wisdom%3A+A+Tarot+Journey+to+Self-Awareness&rft.place=Newburyport%2C+MA&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781578636655&rft.aulast=Pollack&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStar1888" class="citation book cs1">Star, Ély (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tIG3GjV2jU4C"><i>Les mystères de l'horoscope</i></a>. Paris: E. Dentu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+myst%C3%A8res+de+l%27horoscope&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=E.+Dentu&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Star&rft.aufirst=%C3%89ly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtIG3GjV2jU4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaite2005" class="citation book cs1">Waite, Arthur Edward (2005) [first published 1911]. <i>The Pictorial Key to the Tarot</i>. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486442556" title="Special:BookSources/9780486442556"><bdi>9780486442556</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pictorial+Key+to+the+Tarot&rft.place=Mineola%2C+NY&rft.pub=Dover+Publications+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780486442556&rft.aulast=Waite&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaite1886" class="citation book cs1">Waite, Arthur Edward (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/A.EWaiteTheMysteriesOfMagic"><i>The Mysteries of Magic: A Digest of the Writings of Éliphas Lévi</i></a>. London: George Redway.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mysteries+of+Magic%3A+A+Digest+of+the+Writings+of+%C3%89liphas+L%C3%A9vi&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Redway&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Waite&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FA.EWaiteTheMysteriesOfMagic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestcott1887" class="citation book cs1">Westcott, W. Wynn (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/eso/isi/index.htm"><i>Tabula Bembina, sive Mensa Isiaca: The Isiac Tablet of Cardinal Bembo: Its History and Occult Significance</i></a>. Bath: Robt. H. Fryar.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tabula+Bembina%2C+sive+Mensa+Isiaca%3A+The+Isiac+Tablet+of+Cardinal+Bembo%3A+Its+History+and+Occult+Significance&rft.place=Bath&rft.pub=Robt.+H.+Fryar&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Westcott&rft.aufirst=W.+Wynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Feso%2Fisi%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWirth1966" class="citation book cs1">Wirth, Oswald (1966) [first published 1927]. <i>Le tarot des imagiers du moyen âge</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Tchou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Tchou (page does not exist)">Claude Tchou</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+tarot+des+imagiers+du+moyen+%C3%A2ge&rft.pub=Claude+Tchou&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Wirth&rft.aufirst=Oswald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot+card+reading" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot_card_reading&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiversity has learning resources about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Tarot" class="extiw" title="v:Tarot">Tarot</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209074108/http://tarotpuu.com/images/Etteilla%201890.pdf">Images from the Grand Etteilla Deck</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Occult_tarot625" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Occult_tarot" title="Template:Occult tarot"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Occult_tarot" title="Template talk:Occult tarot"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Occult_tarot" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Occult tarot"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Occult_tarot625" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Occult tarot</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Occultists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Foster_Case" title="Paul Foster Case">Paul Foster Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Court_de_G%C3%A9belin" title="Antoine Court de Gébelin">Antoine Court de Gébelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Encausse" title="Gérard Encausse">Gérard Encausse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etteilla" title="Etteilla">Etteilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manly_P._Hall" title="Manly P. Hall">Manly P. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Frieda_Harris" title="Lady Frieda Harris">Lady Frieda Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89liphas_L%C3%A9vi" title="Éliphas Lévi">Éliphas Lévi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._O._Mebes" title="G. O. Mebes">G. O. Mebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouni_Sadhu" title="Mouni Sadhu">Mouni Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Colman_Smith" title="Pamela Colman Smith">Pamela Colman Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Tomberg" title="Valentin Tomberg">Valentin Tomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._E._Waite" title="A. E. Waite">Arthur Edward Waite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Wirth" title="Oswald Wirth">Oswald Wirth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Major_Arcana" title="Major Arcana">Major Arcana</a><br />numbered cards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">O</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Fool_(tarot_card)" title="The Fool (tarot card)">The Fool</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">I</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Magician_(tarot_card)" title="The Magician (tarot card)">The Magician</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">II</span> <a href="/wiki/The_High_Priestess" title="The High Priestess">The High Priestess</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">III</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Empress_(tarot_card)" title="The Empress (tarot card)">The Empress</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">IV</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_(tarot_card)" title="The Emperor (tarot card)">The Emperor</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">V</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Hierophant" title="The Hierophant">The Hierophant</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">VI</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Lovers" title="The Lovers">The Lovers</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">VII</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Chariot_(tarot_card)" title="The Chariot (tarot card)">The Chariot</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">VIII (XI)</span> <a href="/wiki/Justice_(tarot_card)" title="Justice (tarot card)">Justice</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">IX</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Hermit_(tarot_card)" title="The Hermit (tarot card)">The Hermit</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">X</span> <a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_Fortune_(tarot_card)" title="Wheel of Fortune (tarot card)">Wheel of Fortune</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XI (VIII)</span> <a href="/wiki/Strength_(tarot_card)" title="Strength (tarot card)">Strength</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XII</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Hanged_Man_(tarot_card)" title="The Hanged Man (tarot card)">The Hanged Man</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XIII</span> <a href="/wiki/Death_(tarot_card)" title="Death (tarot card)">Death</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XIV</span> <a href="/wiki/Temperance_(tarot_card)" title="Temperance (tarot card)">Temperance</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XV</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_(tarot_card)" title="The Devil (tarot card)">The Devil</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XVI</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Tower_(tarot_card)" title="The Tower (tarot card)">The Tower</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XVII</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(tarot_card)" title="The Star (tarot card)">The Star</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XVIII</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Moon_(tarot_card)" title="The Moon (tarot card)">The Moon</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XIX</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(tarot_card)" title="The Sun (tarot card)">The Sun</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XX</span> <a href="/wiki/Judgement_(tarot_card)" title="Judgement (tarot card)">Judgement</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XXI</span> <a href="/wiki/The_World_(tarot_card)" title="The World (tarot card)">The World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_Arcana" title="Minor Arcana">Minor Arcana</a><br />suit cards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suit_of_coins" title="Suit of coins">Coins, disks, or pentacles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Coins" title="Ace of Coins">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_of_Coins" title="Two of Coins">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_of_Coins" title="Three of Coins">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_of_Coins" title="Four of Coins">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_of_Coins" title="Five of Coins">Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_of_Coins" title="Six of Coins">Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_of_Coins" title="Seven of Coins">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_of_Coins" title="Eight of Coins">Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_of_Coins" title="Nine of Coins">Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_of_Coins" title="Ten of Coins">Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_Coins" title="Page of Coins">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Coins" title="Knight of Coins">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Coins" title="Queen of Coins">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Coins" title="King of Coins">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suit_of_wands" title="Suit of wands">Wands, rods, staffs, or staves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Wands_(tarot_card)" title="Ace of Wands (tarot card)">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_of_Wands" title="Two of Wands">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_of_Wands" title="Three of Wands">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_of_Wands" title="Four of Wands">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_of_Wands" title="Five of Wands">Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_of_Wands" title="Six of Wands">Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_of_Wands" title="Seven of Wands">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_of_Wands" title="Eight of Wands">Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_of_Wands" title="Nine of Wands">Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_of_Wands" title="Ten of Wands">Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_Wands" title="Page of Wands">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Wands" title="Knight of Wands">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Wands" title="Queen of Wands">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Wands" title="King of Wands">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suit_of_cups" title="Suit of cups">Cups, goblets, or vessels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Cups" title="Ace of Cups">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_of_Cups" title="Two of Cups">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_of_Cups" title="Three of Cups">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_of_Cups" title="Four of Cups">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_of_Cups" title="Five of Cups">Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_of_Cups" title="Six of Cups">Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_of_Cups" title="Seven of Cups">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_of_Cups" title="Eight of Cups">Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_of_Cups" title="Nine of Cups">Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_of_Cups" title="Ten of Cups">Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_Cups" title="Page of Cups">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Cups" title="Knight of Cups">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Cups" title="Queen of Cups">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Cups" title="King of Cups">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suit_of_swords" title="Suit of swords">Swords or blades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Swords" title="Ace of Swords">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_of_Swords" title="Two of Swords">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_of_Swords" title="Three of Swords">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_of_Swords" title="Four of Swords">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_of_Swords" title="Five of Swords">Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_of_Swords" title="Six of Swords">Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_of_Swords" title="Seven of Swords">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_of_Swords" title="Eight of Swords">Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_of_Swords" title="Nine of Swords">Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_of_Swords" title="Ten of Swords">Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_Swords" title="Page of Swords">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Swords" title="Knight of Swords">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Swords" title="Queen of Swords">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Swords" title="King of Swords">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Decks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B.O.T.A._tarot_deck" title="B.O.T.A. tarot deck">B.O.T.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot_of_Marseilles" title="Tarot of Marseilles">Marseilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherpeace_Tarot" title="Motherpeace Tarot">Motherpeace</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dali%27s_Tarot" title="Salvador Dali's Tarot">Salvador Dali's Tarot</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sola_Busca_tarot" title="Sola Busca tarot">Sola Busca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Tarot" title="Swiss Tarot">Swiss 1JJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rider%E2%80%93Waite_Tarot" title="Rider–Waite Tarot">Rider–Waite</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pictorial_Key_to_the_Tarot" title="The Pictorial Key to the Tarot">The Pictorial Key to the Tarot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thoth_Tarot" title="Thoth Tarot">Thoth Tarot</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth" title="The Book of Thoth">The Book of Thoth</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartomancy" title="Cartomancy">Cartomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Qabalah" title="Hermetic Qabalah">Hermetic Qabalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot">Tarot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarot_Garden" title="Tarot Garden">Tarot Garden</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tarot" title="Category:Tarot">Tarot category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tarot_card_games" title="Category:Tarot card games">Card games category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Occult" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Occult">WikiProject Occult</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Methods_of_divination51" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Divination" title="Template:Divination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Divination" title="Template talk:Divination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Divination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Divination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Methods_of_divination51" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_divination" title="Methods of divination">Methods of</a> <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theriomancy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailuromancy" title="Ailuromancy">Ailuromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alectryomancy" title="Alectryomancy">Alectryomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augury" title="Augury">Augury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myomancy" title="Myomancy">Myomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmomancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmomancy">Myrmomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithomancy" title="Ornithomancy">Ornithomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngg%C3%A0m" title="Nggàm">Nggàm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliomancy" title="Bibliomancy">Bibliomancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_biblicae" title="Sortes biblicae">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falnama" title="Falnama">Falnama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Homericae" title="Sortes Homericae">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapsodomancy" title="Rhapsodomancy">Rhapsodomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Vergilianae" title="Sortes Vergilianae">Virgil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scrying" title="Scrying">Scrying</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspidomancy" title="Aspidomancy">Aspidomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catoptromancy" title="Catoptromancy">Catoptromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculomancy" title="Oculomancy">Oculomancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elemental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyromancy" title="Pyromancy">Pyromancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botanomancy" title="Botanomancy">Botanomancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capnomancy" title="Capnomancy">Capnomancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libanomancy" title="Libanomancy">Libanomancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeromancy" title="Aeromancy">Aeromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alomancy" title="Alomancy">Alomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromancy" title="Hydromancy">Hydromancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lecanomancy" title="Lecanomancy">Lecanomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scyphomancy" title="Scyphomancy">Scyphomancy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cleromancy" title="Cleromancy">Cleromancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acultomancy" title="Acultomancy">Acultomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichmomancy" title="Aichmomancy">Aichmomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astragalomancy" title="Astragalomancy">Astragalomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axinomancy" title="Axinomancy">Axinomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belomancy" title="Belomancy">Belomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartomancy" title="Cartomancy">Cartomancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parrot_astrology" title="Parrot astrology">Parrot astrology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tarot card reading</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowrie-shell_divination" title="Cowrie-shell divination">Cowrie-shell divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favomancy" title="Favomancy">Favomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumalak" title="Kumalak">Kumalak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengdu" title="Mengdu">Mengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdomancy" title="Molybdomancy">Molybdomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi_divination" title="Obi divination">Obi divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opele" title="Opele">Opele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opon_If%C3%A1" title="Opon Ifá">Opon Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdomancy" title="Rhabdomancy">Rhabdomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runic magic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sikidy" title="Sikidy">Sikidy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_(ancient_Rome)" title="Sortes (ancient Rome)">Sortes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Sanctorum" title="Sortes Sanctorum">Sortes Sanctorum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasseography" title="Tasseography">Tasseography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ventriloquism#Origins" title="Ventriloquism">Gastromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">Séance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghairm" title="Taghairm">Taghairm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Somatomancy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomancy" title="Anthropomancy">Anthropomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalonomancy" title="Cephalonomancy">Cephalonomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruspex" title="Haruspex">Haruspex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omphalomancy" title="Omphalomancy">Omphalomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone" title="Oracle bone">Oracle bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmistry" title="Palmistry">Palmistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podomancy" title="Podomancy">Podomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapulimancy" title="Scapulimancy">Scapulimancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abacomancy" title="Abacomancy">Abacomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_divination" title="African divination">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngg%C3%A0m" title="Nggàm">Nggàm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sikidy" title="Sikidy">Sikidy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleuromancy" title="Aleuromancy">Aleuromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphitomancy" title="Alphitomancy">Alphitomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85rsg%C3%A5ng" title="Årsgång">Årsgång</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amniomancy" title="Amniomancy">Amniomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apophenia" title="Apophenia">Apophenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carromancy" title="Carromancy">Carromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledonomancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cledonomancy">Cledonomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">Geomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Ching_divination" title="I Ching divination"><i>I Ching</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_divination" title="Mesopotamian divination">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">Gematria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopsephy" title="Isopsephy">Isopsephy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">Omen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onmyodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Onmyodo">Onmyodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">Ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">Vision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyromancy" title="Tyromancy">Tyromancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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