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crime</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fear of crime"> <meta name="keywords" content="fear of crime"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fear of crime"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 936</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fear of crime</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">936</span> Fear of Crime Among Females on University Campuses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahed">Shahed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tala"> Tala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahlam"> Ahlam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marah"> Marah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara"> Sara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaden"> Shaden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research on fear of crime has shown that there are many influences on it, including gender, age, and geographic location. For example, women are more afraid of crime than men. The campus has a high crime rate and fear of crime due to many hiding places and blind spots; women are more likely than men to be victims of certain types of crime, such as rape and verbal and sexual harassment. And it became clear that older female students have a different perception of the place over time and other knowledge and fear of it, another study at Hashemite University. This study aims to understand better how the environment affects the negative experiences of female students and how their age and familiarity environment affects their sense of safety. This study also examines whether CPTED can be used to help prevent crime. The Broken Windows Theory also states that crime occurs in areas with overt indications of criminal activity, antisocial behavior, and civil unrest. This is related to the principle of CPTED maintenance and monitoring, activity support, regional development, and access control. Given their increased vulnerability to harassment, “sexual harassment” can refer to different behaviors. On campuses, harassment was happening everywhere, but it was most prevalent in "blind spots" that were out of sight and deserted. This study uses a methodology based on quantitative data that depends on putting a number on the amount of a particular phenomenon that exists in the world. The main finding shows how CPTED works in an academic context and what adjustments need to be made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashmite%20University" title="Hashmite University">Hashmite University</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPTED" title=" CPTED"> CPTED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20prevention" title=" crime prevention"> crime prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20campus" title=" university campus"> university campus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime" title=" fear of crime"> fear of crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20faer" title=" female faer"> female faer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broken%20window%20theory" title=" broken window theory"> broken window theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162092/fear-of-crime-among-females-on-university-campuses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">935</span> Factors Influencing Walking in Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeinab%20Aliyas">Zeinab Aliyas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Walking is known as the most common type of physical activity that helps mental and physical health of people. In the recent years, promoting walking activity in neighborhood areas and cities become as one of the important issues in terms of sustainable cities. Therefore the study aimed to investigate the influence of fear of crime and personal barriers as social and personal factor respectively on neighborhood walking. 464 questionnaires in Bandar Baru Bangi in Malaysia was distributed to collect data, and finally, 424 questionnaires were qualified to be used in the study. The Smart-PLS was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that individual barriers and fear of crime both have significant influence on the level of walking behavior in the neighborhood area. It was found that fear of crime has higher influence on walking behavior in comparison to individual factors. The finding of this study can help urban researcher and planner to know the significant influence of crime safety and individual attitudes on the level of walking activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime" title="fear of crime">fear of crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neighborhood%20walking" title=" neighborhood walking"> neighborhood walking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20barriers" title=" personal barriers"> personal barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20neighborhood" title=" residential neighborhood"> residential neighborhood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81090/factors-influencing-walking-in-bandar-baru-bangi-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">934</span> Fear of Gender-Based Crime and Women Empowerment: An Empirical Study among the Urban Residents of Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ashraful%20Alam">Mohammad Ashraful Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biro%20Judit"> Biro Judit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fear of gender-based crime and fear of crime victimization for women is a major concern in the urban areas of Bangladesh. Based on the recent data from various human rights organizations and international literature the study found that gender-based crime especially sexual assault and rape are increasing in Bangladesh at a significant rate in comparison to other countries. The major focus of the study was to identify the relationship between fear of gender-based crime and women empowerment. To explore the fact the study followed the mixed methodological approach comprising with quantitative and qualitative methods and used secondary information from national and international sources. Corresponding global pictures the present study found that gender, age, complexion, social position, and ethnicity were more common factors of sexual assault and victimization in Bangladesh which lead to women become more fearful about crime victimization than men. Fear of gender-based crime traumatizes women which leads to withdrawal of their non-essential everyday works and some time from the essential works based on their social position, financial status, and social honor in the society. The increasing crime rate also increases the propensity to fear of criminal victimization, traumatization, and feeling of helplessness which make them vulnerable. The patriarchal culture and practices in Bangladesh based on religious culture and established social norms women always feel defenseless therefore they withdraw themselves from various social activities and own interest. Women who have already victimized feel more fear and become traumatized, and who do not victimize yet but know the severity of victimization from the media and others’ have the feeling of fear of crime. Women who find themselves as weak bonding and low networks with their neighbors and living for a short duration have a feeling of more fear and avoid visiting a certain place in a certain time and avoid some social activities. The study found the young women have more possibilities to become victimized through the feeling of fear of crime is higher among elderly women than young. Though women feel fear of all kinds of crime but usually all aged women are more fearful of sexual assault and rape than other violent crimes. Therefore, elderly women and another person in the family does not allow younger girls to go and involve outside activities to secure their family status. On the other hand, fear of crime in public transport is more common to all aged women at a higher level and sometimes they compromise their freedom, independence, financial opportunities, the job only to avoid the perceived threat, and save their social and cultural honor. The study also explores that fear of crime does not always depend on crime rate but the crime news, the severity of the crime, delay justice, the ineffectiveness of police, bail of criminals, corruption and political favoritism, etc. Finally, the study shows that the fear of gender-based crime and violence is working as a potential barrier to ensuring women's empowerment in Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compromise%20personal%20freedom" title="compromise personal freedom">compromise personal freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime" title=" fear of crime"> fear of crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20gender-based%20crime" title=" fear of gender-based crime"> fear of gender-based crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20violent%20crime%20victimization" title=" fear of violent crime victimization"> fear of violent crime victimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rape" title=" rape"> rape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20assaults" title=" sexual assaults"> sexual assaults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=withdrawal%20from%20regular%20activities" title=" withdrawal from regular activities"> withdrawal from regular activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20empowerment" title=" women empowerment"> women empowerment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128701/fear-of-gender-based-crime-and-women-empowerment-an-empirical-study-among-the-urban-residents-of-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">933</span> Personal and Social Factors as Barriers to Leisure Walking in Residential Neighborhoods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeinab%20Aliyas">Zeinab Aliyas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diba%20Mahboubi"> Diba Mahboubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leisure walking is known as one of the most common types of physical activity that perform in purpose of recreation or health, which in turn may affect resident’s health. In the recent years, promoting leisure walking activity in neighborhood areas become as one of the important issues regarding promoting mental and physical health, however; the level of physical inactivity is rising in many societies including Iran. As it was proven that the tendency to walk out of choice is not encouraging among Iranian people. Hence; understanding the main concern of residents regarding walking activity in their neighborhoods can help in increasing the tendency to do leisure activity among residents. Built environment, social and individual factors are known as the main factors that affect decision to walk, in this regard, the study aimed to investigate the influence of personal and social factors that prevent residents to walk for recreation or exercise in their neighborhoods. Hence the fear of crime and personal barriers were examined in the current research as social and personal factors respectively. To collect the required data, 500 questionnaires by using systematic sampling were distributed from March to May 2016 in four residential neighborhoods of Bandar Abbas in Iran out which 411 questionnaire turned out to be qualified to be used in the study. The Smart-PLS was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that personal and fear of crime both have significant influence on the level of recreation and exercise walking in the neighborhood areas. The study found that fear of crime has the higher influence on exercise and recreational walking behavior in comparison to individual factors. It was revealed that social factors such as fear of crime in the neighborhoods might be more important than the personal reason for walking optionally in the surrounding environment. The finding of this study can help urban and health researcher to know the significant influence of fear of crime and individual attitudes on the level of leisure walking activity, in addition, the findings of the study suggest that urban planners and designers, as well as public health promoters, need to highly consider the contribution of neighborhoods' social environment variables as well as individual variables to promote walking behavior changes among adult population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise%20walking" title="exercise walking">exercise walking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime" title=" fear of crime"> fear of crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neighborhood" title=" neighborhood"> neighborhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20barriers" title=" personal barriers"> personal barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recreation%20walking" title=" recreation walking"> recreation walking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80890/personal-and-social-factors-as-barriers-to-leisure-walking-in-residential-neighborhoods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">932</span> A Goal-Driven Crime Scripting Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashem%20Dehghanniri">Hashem Dehghanniri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crime scripting is a simple and effective crime modeling technique that aims to improve understanding of security analysts about security and crime incidents. Low-quality scripts provide a wrong, incomplete, or sophisticated understanding of the crime commission process, which oppose the purpose of their application, e.g., identifying effective and cost-efficient situational crime prevention (SCP) measures. One important and overlooked factor in generating quality scripts is the crime scripting method. This study investigates the problems within the existing crime scripting practices and proposes a crime scripting approach that contributes to generating quality crime scripts. It was validated by experienced crime scripters. This framework helps analysts develop better crime scripts and contributes to their effective application, e.g., SCP measures identification or policy-making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attack%20modelling" title="attack modelling">attack modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20commission%20process" title=" crime commission process"> crime commission process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20script" title=" crime script"> crime script</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=situational%20crime%20prevention" title=" situational crime prevention"> situational crime prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129407/a-goal-driven-crime-scripting-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">931</span> Boosting Crime Scene Investigations Capabilities through Crime Script Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benoit%20Leclerc">Benoit Leclerc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of scripts and the role that crime scripts has been playing in criminology during the last decade is reviewed. Particularly illuminating is the potential use of scripts not only to understand and disrupt offender scripts (e.g., commonly referred as crime scripts) but to capture victim and guardian scripts to increase the likelihood of preventing crime. Similarly, the concept of scripts is applied to forensic science – another field that can benefit from script analysis. First, similar to guardian scripts, script analysis can illuminate the process of completing crime scene investigations for those who investigate (crime scene investigators or other professionals involved in crime scene investigations), and as a result, provide a range of intervention-points to improve the success of these investigations. Second, script analysis can also provide valuable information on offenders’ crime-commission processes for crime scene investigators and highlight a number of ‘contact points’ that could be targeted during investigations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20scripts" title="crime scripts">crime scripts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20scene%20investigation" title=" crime scene investigation"> crime scene investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=script%20analysis" title=" script analysis"> script analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=situational%20crime%20prevention" title=" situational crime prevention"> situational crime prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68702/boosting-crime-scene-investigations-capabilities-through-crime-script-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">930</span> Offenders and Victims in Public Focus: Media Coverage about Crime and Its Consequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melanie%20Verhovnik">Melanie Verhovnik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Media shape the image of crime, peoples’ believes, attitudes and sometimes also behaviors. Media not only gives the impression that crime is increasing, it also suggest that very violent crime is more common than it actually is. It is also no wonder that humans are more afraid of being involved in a crime committed by strangers than committed by somebody they know – because this is the media construct. With the help of three case studies, the paper analyzes how media frames crime and criminals and gives valuable hints as to what better reporting could look like. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=court%20reporting" title="court reporting">court reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offenders%20in%20media" title=" offenders in media"> offenders in media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20content%20analysis" title=" quantitative content analysis"> quantitative content analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=victims%20in%20media" title=" victims in media "> victims in media </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31791/offenders-and-victims-in-public-focus-media-coverage-about-crime-and-its-consequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">929</span> Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Violent Crime in Washington, DC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pallavi%20Roe">Pallavi Roe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Violent crime is a significant public safety concern in urban areas across the United States, and Washington, DC, is no exception. This research discusses the prevalence and types of crime, particularly violent crime, in Washington, DC, along with the factors contributing to the high rate of violent crime in the city, including poverty, inequality, access to guns, and racial disparities. The organizations working towards ensuring safety in neighborhoods are also listed. The proposal to perform spatial and temporal analysis on violent crime and the use of guns in crime analysis is presented to identify patterns and trends to inform evidence-based interventions to reduce violent crime and improve public safety in Washington, DC. The stakeholders for crime analysis are also discussed, including law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, judges, policymakers, and the public. The anticipated result of the spatial and temporal analysis is to provide stakeholders with valuable information to make informed decisions about preventing and responding to violent crimes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20analysis" title="crime analysis">crime analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title=" spatial analysis"> spatial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20analysis" title=" temporal analysis"> temporal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violent%20crime" title=" violent crime"> violent crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167107/spatial-and-temporal-analysis-of-violent-crime-in-washington-dc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">928</span> Police and Crime Scene Management Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najaf%20Hamadzadeh%20Arbabi">Najaf Hamadzadeh Arbabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crime scene management is the first and most critical step in criminal investigations and all the criminal investigations are based on the ability of the crime scene investigation officers for diagnosing the importance and the role of physical evidence at the crime scene. According to the role of available physical evidence at the scene to prove the crime and identify the perpetrator and prove the innocence of those accused have been unduly and also impossible due to the rejection of these reasons, the maintenance and investigation of crime scene and collect evidence are very important in the crime scene. This research, by identifying the factors affecting the management of the crime scene, looking for presenting the effective and efficient indigenous pattern for managing of the crime scene in Iran. Method: This study is an applied and development research. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Friedman test for ranking, were used for analyzing the data and all hypotheses were tested at 95% confidence level. The target population is 50 judges and experts in Tehran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20scene" title="crime scene">crime scene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designation" title=" designation"> designation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individualization" title=" individualization"> individualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstruction" title=" reconstruction"> reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37161/police-and-crime-scene-management-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">927</span> Mapping Crime against Women in India: Spatio-Temporal Analysis, 2001-2012</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritvik%20Chauhan">Ritvik Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Kumar%20Baraik"> Vijay Kumar Baraik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Women are most vulnerable to crime despite occupying central position in shaping a society as the first teacher of children. In India too, having equal rights and constitutional safeguards, the incidences of crime against them are large and grave. In this context of crime against women, especially rape has been increasing over time. This paper explores the spatial and temporal aspects of crime against women in India with special reference to rape. It also examines the crime against women with its spatial, socio-economic and demographic associates using related data obtained from the National Crime Records Bureau India, Indian Census and other government sources of the Government of India. The simple statistical, choropleth mapping and other cartographic representation methods have been used to see the crime rates, spatio-temporal patterns of crime, and association of crime with its correlates. The major findings are visible spatial variations across the country and are also in the rising trends in terms of incidence and rates over the reference period. The study also indicates that the geographical associations are somewhat observed. However, selected indicators of socio-economic factors seem to have no significant bearing on crime against women at this level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20against%20women" title="crime against women">crime against women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20mapping" title=" crime mapping"> crime mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trend%20analysis" title=" trend analysis"> trend analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46243/mapping-crime-against-women-in-india-spatio-temporal-analysis-2001-2012" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">926</span> Exploring Fear in Moral Life: Implications for Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liz%20Jackson">Liz Jackson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fear is usually considered as a basic emotion. In society, it is normally cast as undesirable, but also as partly unavoidable. Fear can be said to underlie courage or be required for courage, or it can be understood as its foil. Fear is not normally promoted (intentionally) in education, or treated as something that should be cultivated in schools or in society. However, fear is a basic, to some extent unavoidable emotion, related to truly fearsome things in the world. Fear is also understood to underlie anxiety. Fear is seen as basically disruptive to education, while from a psychological view it is an ordinary state. that cannot be avoided altogether. Despite calls to diminish this negative and mixed feeling in education and society, it can be regarded as socially and personally valuable, and psychologically functional in some situations. One should not take for granted the goodness of fear. However, it can be productive to explore its moral worth, and uses and abuses. Such uncomfortable feelings and experiences can be cultivated and explored via educational and other societal influences, in ways that can benefit a person and their relations with others in the world, while they can also be detrimental. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtue%20ethics" title="virtue ethics">virtue ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20education" title=" philosophy of education"> philosophy of education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20philosophy" title=" moral philosophy"> moral philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear" title=" fear"> fear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124684/exploring-fear-in-moral-life-implications-for-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">925</span> Development of an Interagency Crime Management System for Nigeria’s Law Enforcement Agencies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abba%20Jallo">Muhammad Abba Jallo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fred%20Fudah%20Moveh"> Fred Fudah Moveh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study addresses the challenges faced by Nigerian law enforcement agencies due to the lack of an integrated crime management system. While various agencies use ICT-based systems, the absence of interoperability creates barriers to effective collaboration and information sharing. The research proposes the development of an Interagency Crime Management System (ICMS), which integrates the Crime Management Systems (CMS) of different agencies through an Application Program Interface (API). The system is designed to allow all law enforcement agencies to input data using a standardized format, improving crime tracking, reporting, and management across Nigeria. This paper details the design and implementation process, highlighting the benefits of enhanced collaboration for crime management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20management" title="crime management">crime management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law%20enforcement" title=" law enforcement"> law enforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192231/development-of-an-interagency-crime-management-system-for-nigerias-law-enforcement-agencies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">924</span> Computer Fraud from the Perspective of Iran's Law and International Documents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Pourghahramani">Babak Pourghahramani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the modern crimes against property and ownership in the cyber-space is the computer fraud. Despite being modern, the aforementioned crime has its roots in the principles of religious jurisprudence. In some cases, this crime is compatible with the traditional regulations and that is when the computer is considered as a crime commitment device and also some computer frauds that take place in the context of electronic exchanges are considered as crime based on the E-commerce Law (approved in 2003) but the aforementioned regulations are flawed and until recent years there was no comprehensive law in this regard; yet after some years the Computer Crime Act was approved in 2009/26/5 and partly solved the problem of legal vacuum. The present study intends to investigate the computer fraud according to Iran's Computer Crime Act and by taking into consideration the international documents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fraud" title="fraud">fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20fraud" title=" cyber fraud"> cyber fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20fraud" title=" computer fraud"> computer fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classic%20fraud" title=" classic fraud"> classic fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20crime" title=" computer crime"> computer crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72041/computer-fraud-from-the-perspective-of-irans-law-and-international-documents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">923</span> The Sources of Anti-Immigrant Sentiments in Russia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anya%20Glikman">Anya Glikman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anastasia%20Gorodzeisky"> Anastasia Gorodzeisky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the late 1990th labor immigration and its consequences on the society have become one of the most frequently discussed and debated issues in Russia. Social scientists point that the negative attitudes towards immigrants among Russian majority population is widespread, and their level, at least, twice as high as their level in most other European countries. Moreover, recent study by Gorodzeisky, Glikman and Maskyleison (2014) demonstrates that the two sets of individual level predictors of anti-foreigner sentiment – socio-economic status and conservative views and ideologies – that have been repeatedly proved in research in Western countries are not effective in predicting of anti-foreigner sentiment in Post-Socialist Russia. Apparently, the social mechanisms underlying anti-foreigner sentiment in Western countries, which are characterized by stable regimes and relatively long immigration histories, do not play a significant role in the explanation of anti-foreigner sentiment in Post-Socialist Russia. The present study aims to examine alternative possible sources of anti-foreigner sentiment in Russia while controlling for socio-economic position of individuals and conservative views. More specifically, following the research literature on the topic worldwide, we aim to examine whether and to what extent human values (such as tradition, universalism, safety and power), ethnic residential segregation, fear of crime and exposure to mass media affect anti-foreigner sentiments in Russia. To do so, we estimate a series of multivariate regression equations using the data obtained from 2012 European Social Survey. The national representative sample consists of 2337 Russian born respondents. Descriptive results reveal that about 60% percent of Russians view the impact of immigrants on the country in negative terms. Further preliminary analysis show that anti-foreigner sentiments are associated with exposer to mass media as well as with fear of crime. Specifically, respondents who devoted more time watching news on TV channels and respondents who express higher levels of fear of crime tend to report higher levels of anti-immigrants sentiments. The findings would be discussed in light of sociological perspective and the context of Russian society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-immigrant%20sentiments" title="anti-immigrant sentiments">anti-immigrant sentiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime" title="fear of crime">fear of crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20values" title=" human values"> human values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20media" title=" mass media"> mass media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title=" Russia"> Russia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23010/the-sources-of-anti-immigrant-sentiments-in-russia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">922</span> Detecting of Crime Hot Spots for Crime Mapping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Nezami">Somayeh Nezami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management of financial and human resources of police in metropolitans requires many information and exact plans to reduce a rate of crime and increase the safety of the society. Geographical Information Systems have an important role in providing crime maps and their analysis. By using them and identification of crime hot spots along with spatial presentation of the results, it is possible to allocate optimum resources while presenting effective methods for decision making and preventive solutions. In this paper, we try to explain and compare between some of the methods of hot spots analysis such as Mode, Fuzzy Mode and Nearest Neighbour Hierarchical spatial clustering (NNH). Then the spots with the highest crime rates of drug smuggling for one province in Iran with borderline with Afghanistan are obtained. We will show that among these three methods NNH leads to the best result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hot%20spots" title=" Hot spots"> Hot spots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nearest%20neighbor%20hierarchical%20spatial%20clustering" title=" nearest neighbor hierarchical spatial clustering"> nearest neighbor hierarchical spatial clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NNH" title=" NNH"> NNH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis%20of%20crime" title=" spatial analysis of crime"> spatial analysis of crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68172/detecting-of-crime-hot-spots-for-crime-mapping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">921</span> Crime and Class: A Study on Violent Crime in Dhaka City </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20M.%20Najmus%20Sakib">A. B. M. Najmus Sakib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being one of the most densely populated cities in the world, Dhaka is facing diversified types of crimes every day. Limitations of resources insert serious strains among the inhabitants of this city. This paper aims to analyze the correlation between crime and class, more especially the violent crime in connection with social class. Following the stratified random sampling technique, one of the police divisions among eight of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) will be selected. The data will be collected by evaluating the case files found in the police report. First, this paper discusses the nature and pattern of violent crimes in Dhaka city. Then, it assesses the socio-economic status of the accused persons considering their professions. Furthermore, by testing hypothesis, it will identify how the social classes are connected with violent crimes. Finally, the paper will ascertain the particular class that has an impact on violent crime in Dhaka City and will be ended by suggesting possible measures should take by the law enforcement agencies of Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20class" title="social class">social class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violent%20crime" title=" violent crime"> violent crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20prevention" title=" crime prevention"> crime prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature%20of%20crime" title=" nature of crime"> nature of crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110745/crime-and-class-a-study-on-violent-crime-in-dhaka-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">920</span> Terrorism Is a Crime under International Law </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Manero%20De%20Lemos">Miguel Manero De Lemos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ‘innovative and creative’ seminal decision of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) was not welcomed by academic opinion. The court recognized that terrorism is a crime under international law in times of peace. Scholars widely – and sometimes aggressively – criticize this conclusion. This article asserts that, while some aspects of the decision of the STL might be defective, the basic premise, that it is indeed such a crime, is sound. This article delves into the method that the court used to attain such an outcome and explains why the conclusion of the court is correct, albeit the use of a different method is to be preferred. It also argues that subsequent developments leave little room to keep arguing that there is no international crime of terrorism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title="terrorism">terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STL" title=" STL"> STL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title=" crime"> crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20criminal%20law" title=" international criminal law"> international criminal law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58270/terrorism-is-a-crime-under-international-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">919</span> The Historical Framework of International Crime in International Criminal Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahraoui%20Boualem">Tahraoui Boualem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Researching the historical framework of international crime means examining the historical facts that have contributed to uncovering this serious crime affecting international interests, and the law by which the study of the subject of international crime is determined is international criminal law, which is a branch of public international law. In this context, the historical study of international crime means recognizing the existence of an international community governed by international law, which makes us acknowledge that ancient societies lacked such stable and recurring international relations. Therefore, an attempt to monitor international crime in those ancient societies is only to demonstrate a historical fact that those societies have known some features of this crime, and have contributed in one way or another to the development of international criminal law without defining its concept or legal nature. The international community has affirmed the principle of establishing peace, achieving security, and respecting human rights. As a basis for friendly relations between the people of the international community and in case of prejudice, such as the aggressors breaching the obligations imposed on them, whether in time of peace or war. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20framework" title="historical framework">historical framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=of%20international%20crime" title=" of international crime"> of international crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace%20or%20war." title=" peace or war."> peace or war.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170984/the-historical-framework-of-international-crime-in-international-criminal-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">918</span> An Assessment on the Impact of Community Policing in Crime Prevention and Control in Fagge Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Shitu%20Said">Aliyu Shitu Said</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the major setbacks of every society is the proliferation of crimes that results in the inducement of fear, destruction of properties and loss of lives of people. The rising incidence of crime and general insecurity rate in the society and the inability of the policing agencies to curtail the menace necessitated the introduction of community policing in order to have a collaborative effort with community members in addressing the problem of crime. Thus, this study assessed the impact of community policing in crime prevention and control in Fagge Local Government area, Kano State, Nigeria. The study also examined the elements, roles, and challenges of community policing in crime prevention and control in the study area. The study adopted Broken Window and Routine Activity theories as frame of analysis. Mixed methods of data collection (quantitative and qualitative) were utilized for the study. Multi stage and purposive sampling techniques were adopted in selection of the study population. A total of 308 respondents were sampled for the study. These include 300 members of the public who were sampled through a multi stage sampling for questionnaire administration and 8 other respondents who were purposively sampled for in-depth interview. Findings of the study revealed that community policing has significant impact on crime prevention and control in the study area. Findings of the study further revealed that the elements and roles of community policing are effective and fully utilized, and there is cordial relationship between the police and the community members in the study area. This study therefore recommends that government should provide adequate support to community policing programmes and give more awareness to public, so as to boost the morale of the community in having a collaborative effort with the police in crime prevention and control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title="community">community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policing" title=" policing"> policing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title=" crime"> crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176808/an-assessment-on-the-impact-of-community-policing-in-crime-prevention-and-control-in-fagge-local-government-area-kano-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">917</span> Exploring Military Crime in the Australian Imperial Force by Officers During The First World War</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Des%20Lambley">Des Lambley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The scope and scale of crime in the AIF is a subject largely overlooked by historians preferring to narrate the macro-scale topics. This examination exposes some 17,000 military criminals, 414 of them officers and illustrates how military law imposed itself. This subjective sociological perspective humanises the impacts of war upon soldiers. Examples of the crimes, their seriousness, punishments and military justice tell of cause and effect linkages between crime, stress and illness. The discourse is derived from original official military sources in the Australian Archives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AIF" title="AIF">AIF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Military%20Crime" title="Military Crime">Military Crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WW1" title="WW1">WW1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Officers" title="Officers">Officers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147768/exploring-military-crime-in-the-australian-imperial-force-by-officers-during-the-first-world-war" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">916</span> Mapping the Relationship between Elements of Urban Morphology Density of Crime </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabio%20Salvador%20Aparecido%20Santos">Fabio Salvador Aparecido Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spencer%20Chainey"> Spencer Chainey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20%20Wortley"> Richard Wortley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban morphology can be understood as the study of the physical form of cities through its elements. Crime, at this turn, can be oversimplified as an action that breaks the rules established in a certain society. This study involves these two subjects through the relationship between elements of urban morphology and density of crime occurrences. We consider that there is a research gap about the influence of urban features on crime occurrences using statistic methods and mapping techniques on Geographic Information Systems. The investigation will comprehend three main phases. The first phase involves examining how theoretical principles associated with urban morphology can be viewed in terms of their influence on crime patterns. The second phase involves the development of tools to be used to model elements of urban morphology, and measure the relationship between these urban morphological elements and patterns of crime. The third phase involves determining the extent to which elements of the urban environment can contribute to crime reduction. Understanding the relationship between urban morphology and crime patterns in a Latin American context will help highlight the influence urban planning has on the crime problems that emerge in these settings, and how effectively urban planning can contribute to reducing crime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agent-based%20Modelling" title="Agent-based Modelling">Agent-based Modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Environmental%20Criminology" title=" Environmental Criminology"> Environmental Criminology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geographic%20Information%20System" title=" Geographic Information System"> Geographic Information System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20Morphology" title=" Urban Morphology"> Urban Morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124555/mapping-the-relationship-between-elements-of-urban-morphology-density-of-crime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">915</span> Crime against Women in India: A Geospatial Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20S.%20Binu">V. S. Binu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amitha%20Puranik"> Amitha Puranik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sintomon%20Mathew"> Sintomon Mathew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebin%20Thomas"> Sebin Thomas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, women are more vulnerable to various forms of crimes than males. The crimes that are directed specifically towards women are classified as crime against women. Crime against women in India is observed to increase year after year and according to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report, in 2014 there was an increase of 9.2% cases of crime against women compared to the previous year. The violence in a population depends on socio-demographic factors, unemployment, poverty, number of police officials etc. There are very few studies that explored to identify hotspots of various types of crime against women in India. Hotspots are geographical regions where the number of observed cases is more than the expected number for that region. It is important to identify the hotspots of crime against women in India in order to control and prevent violence against women in that region. The goal of this study is to identify the hotspots of crime against women in India using spatial data analysis techniques. For the present study, we used the district level data of various types of crime against women in India in the year 2011 published by NCRB and the 2011 Census population in each of these districts. The study used spatial scan statistic to identify the hotspots using SaTScan software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title="crime">crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotspots" title=" hotspots"> hotspots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satscan" title=" Satscan"> Satscan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Women" title=" Women"> Women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64609/crime-against-women-in-india-a-geospatial-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">914</span> Fear-of-Failure and Woman Entrepreneurship: Comparative Analysis Austria Versus USA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Meusburger">Magdalena Meusburger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Hofer"> Caroline Hofer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advancement of woman entrepreneurship in the last decade has been a vital driver for social and economic development. Despite the positive evolution, women entrepreneurs are still underrepresented in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Fear-of-failure is a major factor affecting their entrepreneurial activity. This survey-based research focuses on aspiring and established entrepreneurial women in Austria and in the USA. It explores and compares the extent to which fear-of-failure influences their self-employment and their aspirations to become self-employed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20ecosystems" title="entrepreneurial ecosystems">entrepreneurial ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear-of-failure" title=" fear-of-failure"> fear-of-failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20entrepreneurship" title=" female entrepreneurship"> female entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woman%20entrepreneurship" title=" woman entrepreneurship"> woman entrepreneurship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154949/fear-of-failure-and-woman-entrepreneurship-comparative-analysis-austria-versus-usa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">913</span> Baseline Study on Human Trafficking Crimes: A Case Study of Mapping Human Trafficking Crimes in East Java Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20Komang%20Desy%20Arya%20Pinatih">Ni Komang Desy Arya Pinatih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transnational crime is a crime with 'unique' feature because the activities benefit the lack of state monitoring on the borders so dealing with it cannot be based on conventional engagement but also need joint operation with other countries. On the other hand with the flow of globalization and the growth of information technology and transportation, states become more vulnerable to transnational crime threats especially human trafficking. This paper would examine transnational crime activities, especially human trafficking in Indonesia. With the case study on the mapping of human trafficking crime in East Java province, Indonesia, this paper would try to analyze how the difference in human trafficking crime trends at the national and sub-national levels. The findings of this research were first, there is difference in human trafficking crime trends whereas at the national level the trend is rising, while at sub-national (province) level the trend is declining. Second, regarding the decline of human trafficking number, it’s interesting to see how the method to decrease human trafficking crime in East Jawa Province in order to reduce transnational crime accounts in the region. These things are hopefully becoming a model for transnational crimes engagement in other regions to reduce human trafficking numbers as much as possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20crime" title="transnational crime">transnational crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title=" human trafficking"> human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southeast%20Asia" title=" southeast Asia"> southeast Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticipation%20model%20on%20transnational%20crimes" title=" anticipation model on transnational crimes"> anticipation model on transnational crimes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50189/baseline-study-on-human-trafficking-crimes-a-case-study-of-mapping-human-trafficking-crimes-in-east-java-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">912</span> An Examination of Criminology and Cyber Crime in Contemporary Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uche%20A.%20Nnawulezi">Uche A. Nnawulezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evolving global environment has as of late seen formative difficulties bordering on cyber crime and its attendant effects. This paper looks at what constitutes an offense of cyber crime under the tenets of International Law as no nation can lay bona-fide claim in managing cyber crime as a criminal phenomenon. Therefore, there has been a plethora of ideological, conceptual and mental propositions of policies aimed at domesticating cyber crimes – an international crime. These policies were as a result of parochial consideration and social foundations which negate the spirit of internationally accepted procedures. The study also noted that the non-domestication of cyber crime laws by most countries has led to an increase in cyber crimes and its attendant effects have remained unabated. The author has pointed out emerging international rules as a panacea for a sustainable cyber crime-free society. The paper relied on documentary evidence and hence scooped much of the data from secondary sources such as text books, journals, articles and periodicals and more so, opinion papers, emanating from international criminal court. It concludes that the necessary recommendations made in this paper, if fully adopted, shall go a long way in maintaining a cyber crime-free society. Ultimately, the domestic and international law mechanisms capable of dealing with cyber crime offenses should be expanded and be made proactive in order to deal with the demands of modern day challenges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminology" title="criminology">criminology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20crime" title=" cyber crime"> cyber crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20law" title=" domestic law"> domestic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82819/an-examination-of-criminology-and-cyber-crime-in-contemporary-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">911</span> Study of Personality, Fear of Negative Evaluation and Life-Orientation in Convicts and Under-Trials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sneh%20Laller">Sneh Laller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamini%20C.%20Tanwar"> Kamini C. Tanwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human beings are social animals. The scenario is changing and people become angry towards petty things and this may lead to committing a crime. Objective: The aim of the present research is: 1. To find out the difference between convicts and under-trials on different dimensions of Personality, Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) and Life-orientation; 2. To find out the difference between male and female jail inmates on different dimensions of Personality, Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) and Life-orientation; 3. To find out the relationship between different dimensions of Personality, Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) and Life-orientation in convicts and under-trials; 4. To find out the relationship between different dimensions of Personality, Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) and Life-orientation in male and female jail inmates. Method: The study was conducted on 100 participants (consisting of 50 convicts- 25 males and 25 females, and 50 under-trials- 25 males and 25 females); age range was 20-60 years. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 by McCrae, Costa (2010), Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale- II by Leary (1983) and Life Orientation Test-R by Scheier et al. (1994) was used and purposive sampling technique was done for data collection. The t-test was applied to find out the comparison and Pearson correlation was applied to determine the relationship between personality, FNE and life-orientation in both the groups. Results: There is a significant difference in the dimension of personality that is neuroticism and life-orientation in convicts and under-trials and also, in the dimensions of personality such as neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness, and FNE in male and female jail inmates. In convicts the dimension of personality, agreeableness shows significant positive correlation with life-orientation (r = 0.430**) whereas, in under-trials the dimension of personality, agreeableness shows significant positive correlation with FNE (r = 0.315*) and another dimension of personality, extraversion shows significant negative correlation with life-orientation (r = -0.409**). In male jail inmates, the dimension of personality, agreeableness shows significant positive correlation with FNE (r = 0.474**) whereas in female jail inmates, the dimension of personality, openness to experience shows significant negative correlation with FNE (r = -0.356*) and significant positive correlation of neuroticism with life-orientation (r = 0.292*). Conclusion: It was found that under-trials are neurotic and life-oriented than convicts, and female jail inmates are also neurotic and exhibit fear of negative evaluation whereas male jail inmates are extravert and agreeable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convicts" title="convicts">convicts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20negative%20evaluation" title=" fear of negative evaluation"> fear of negative evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life-orientation" title=" life-orientation"> life-orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under-trials" title=" under-trials"> under-trials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94780/study-of-personality-fear-of-negative-evaluation-and-life-orientation-in-convicts-and-under-trials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">910</span> Poverty and Illiteracy as a Key Factor for Crime and Unrest in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawrence%20Emah">Lawrence Emah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation is undoubtedly, currently going through one of the most difficult phases in her 55 years of existence as an independent nation. At no other time in her history is she under so much pressure of social unrest and unacceptable rate of crime and criminality than it is today. From the North where there is an insurgency to contend with, then to the South where kidnapping and armed robbery hold sway. These issues did not just sprout from nowhere; they have a root somewhere. This is why this paper seeks to bring to the fore poverty and illiteracy as leading causes of these twin social ills– crime and social restiveness as well as suggest practical solutions to the problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title="crime">crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illiteracy" title=" illiteracy"> illiteracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unrest" title=" unrest"> unrest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66634/poverty-and-illiteracy-as-a-key-factor-for-crime-and-unrest-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">909</span> Role of Authorized Agencies to Combat Financial Crime in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khan%20Sarfaraz">Khan Sarfaraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Mia"> Mohammad Ali Mia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Money laundering and other financial crime have become a global threat in recent years, impacting both developed and poor countries. In developing countries like Bangladesh, it is more difficult to combat financial crime than in developing countries because of the inadequate regulatory environment and vulnerable financial system. Bangladesh's central bank issues guidelines to facilitate the implementation of the prevention of the money laundering act. According to the guideline of Bangladesh Bank, all financial institution has to develop anti-money laundering policy to ensure the safety and soundness of their institutions. The paper aims to focus on the role of authorized agencies in combating financial crime. In this paper, the latest trends in financial crimes have been discussed from global and Asian perspectives. The preventive measures for money laundering and other financial crimes have been discussed elaborately. So far, financial crime is a sophisticated and dynamic crime, and criminals continuously took innovative processes to use the financial system to launder money. The study will take a step in pointing out new techniques, effects and challenges of financial crime in Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20crime" title="financial crime">financial crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20money%20transfer" title=" illegal money transfer"> illegal money transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20gambling" title=" online gambling"> online gambling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=money%20laundering" title=" money laundering"> money laundering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authorized%20agencies" title=" authorized agencies"> authorized agencies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163733/role-of-authorized-agencies-to-combat-financial-crime-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">908</span> Police and Community Crime Prevention in Sweden</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Lindstrom">Peter Lindstrom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Gyberg"> Caroline Gyberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scott%20Goodwin"> Scott Goodwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Swedish police organisation was fundamentally reorganized in 2015 when 21 regional police forces were combined into one national police authority divided in 7 larger police regions, 35 police areas, and some 100 local police districts. A central theme for the reform was that local crime prevention policing should be more unified in the country. In this paper, we review crime prevention strategies in Sweden from a criminological and policing perspective focusing, among other things, on differences between urban and rural areas. In the crime prevention field, words such as 'knowledge- and evidence-based', 'collaboration', and 'strategies' are common. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between theoretical and practical knowledge in local crime prevention work. Our research indicate that an elaborated and strategic connection between theoretical and practical perspectives is important for successful local crime prevention work. Universities may provide a platform such knowledge exchange. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20prevention" title="crime prevention">crime prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20reform" title=" police reform"> police reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20and%20rural%20areas" title=" urban and rural areas"> urban and rural areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminological%20and%20policing%20perspectives" title=" criminological and policing perspectives"> criminological and policing perspectives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146769/police-and-community-crime-prevention-in-sweden" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">907</span> Assessing the Danger Factors Correlated With Dental Fear: An Observational Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimoza%20Canga">Mimoza Canga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irene%20Malagnino"> Irene Malagnino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giulia%20Malagnino"> Giulia Malagnino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alketa%20Qafmolla"> Alketa Qafmolla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruzhdie%20Qafmolla"> Ruzhdie Qafmolla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vito%20Antonio%20Malagnino"> Vito Antonio Malagnino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of the present study was to analyze the risk factors regarding dental fear. This observational study was conducted during the period of February 2020 - April 2022 in Albania. The sample was composed of 200 participants, of which 40% were males and 60% were females. The participants' age range varied from 35 to 75 years old. We divided them into four age groups: 35-45, 46-55, 56-65, and 66-75 years old. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. Data were scrutinized by the Post Hoc LSD test in analysis of variance (ANOVA). The P ≤ 0.05 values were considered significant. Data analysis included Confidence Interval (95% CI). The prevailing age range in the sample was mostly from 55 to 65 years old, 35.6% of the patients. In all, 50% of the patients had extreme fear about the fact that the dentist may be infected with Covid-19, 12.2% of them had low dental fear, and 37.8% had extreme dental fear. However, data collected from the current study indicated that a large proportion of patients 49.5% of them had high dental fear regarding the dentist not respecting the quarantine due to COVID-19, in comparison with 37.2% of them who had low dental fear and 13.3% who had extreme dental fear. The present study confirmed that 22.2% of the participants had an extreme fear of poor hygiene practices of the dentist that have been associated with the transmission of COVID-19 infection, 57.8% had high dental fear, and 20% of them had low dental fear. The present study showed that 50% of the patients stated that another factor that causes extreme fear was that the patients feel pain after interventions in the oral cavity. Strong associations were observed between dental fear and pain 95% CI; 0.24-0.52, P-value ˂ .0001. The results of the present study confirmed strong associations between dental fear and the fact that the dentist may be infected with Covid-19 (95% CI; 0.46-0.70, P-value ˂ .0001). Similarly, the analysis of the present study demonstrated that there was a statistically significant correlation between dental fear and poor hygiene practices of the dentist with 95% CI; 0.82-1.02, P-value ˂ .0001. On the basis of our statistical data analysis, the dentist did not respect the quarantine due to COVID-19 having a significant impact on dental fear with a P-value of ˂ .0001. This study shows important risk factors that significantly increase dental fear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Covid-19" title="Covid-19">Covid-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20fear" title=" dental fear"> dental fear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=past%20dreadful%20experiences" title=" past dreadful experiences"> past dreadful experiences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154188/assessing-the-danger-factors-correlated-with-dental-fear-an-observational-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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