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id="toc-A_certificate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-S_certificate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S_certificate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>S certificate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S_certificate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Principles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refusal_to_certify" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refusal_to_certify"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Refusal to certify</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refusal_to_certify-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Enforcement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition_and_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition_and_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Composition and leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition_and_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Board of Film Certification</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6" title="কেন্দ্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ প্ৰামাণীকৰণ পৰিষদ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কেন্দ্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ প্ৰামাণীকৰণ পৰিষদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6" title="কেন্দ্রীয় চলচ্চিত্র অনুমোদন পর্ষদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কেন্দ্রীয় চলচ্চিত্র অনুমোদন পর্ষদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Board_of_Film_Certification" title="Central Board of Film Certification – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Central Board of Film Certification" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="केन्द्रीय फिल्म प्रमाणन बोर्ड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="केन्द्रीय फिल्म प्रमाणन बोर्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Sertifikasi_Film_Pusat" title="Badan Sertifikasi Film Pusat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badan Sertifikasi Film Pusat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="സെൻട്രൽ ബോർഡ് ഓഫ് ഫിലിം സർട്ടിഫിക്കേഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെൻട്രൽ ബോർഡ് ഓഫ് ഫിലിം സർട്ടിഫിക്കേഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B3" title="केंद्रीय चित्रपट प्रमाणन मंडळ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="केंद्रीय चित्रपट प्रमाणन मंडळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lembaga_Pensijilan_Filem_Pusat" title="Lembaga Pensijilan Filem Pusat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lembaga Pensijilan Filem Pusat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E8%AA%8D%E8%A8%BC%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E4%BC%9A" title="中央映画認証委員会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中央映画認証委員会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="سنٹرل بورڈ آف فلم سرٹیفیکیشن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سنٹرل بورڈ آف فلم سرٹیفیکیشن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Board_of_Film_Certification" title="Central Board of Film Certification – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Central Board of Film Certification" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81" title="இந்தியத் திரைப்படத் தணிக்கை குழு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியத் திரைப்படத் தணிக்கை குழு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="సెంట్రల్ బోర్డ్ ఆఫ్ ఫిల్మ్ సర్టిఫికేషన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సెంట్రల్ బోర్డ్ ఆఫ్ ఫిల్మ్ సర్టిఫికేషన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="سنٹرل بورڈ آف فلم سرٹیفیکیشن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سنٹرل بورڈ آف فلم سرٹیفیکیشن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%89%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="中央電影認證委員會 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中央電影認證委員會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2944404#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Film certification body of India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Indian film classification board. For the Pakistani counterpart, see <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Film_Censors" title="Central Board of Film Censors">Central Board of Film Censors</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/CBFC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="CBFC (disambiguation)">CBFC</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Central Board of Film Certification</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_CBFC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Logo_of_CBFC.jpg/300px-Logo_of_CBFC.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Logo_of_CBFC.jpg/450px-Logo_of_CBFC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/22/Logo_of_CBFC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="182" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">15 January 1951<span class="noprint">; 73 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1951-01-15</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Film Certification Statutory body</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system" title="Motion picture content rating system">Film certification</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chairman</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prasoon_Joshi" title="Prasoon Joshi">Prasoon Joshi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chief Executive Officer</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Rajendra Singh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organisation</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Ministry of Information and Broadcasting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbfcindia.gov.in/">cbfcindia<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944404#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Central Board of Film Censors (1952–1983)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Central Board of Film Certification</b> (<b>CBFC</b>) or <b>Censor Board of Film Certification</b> is a statutory <a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system" title="Motion picture content rating system">film-certification</a> body in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Ministry of Information and Broadcasting</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. It is tasked with "regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cinematograph Act 1952 outlines a strict certification process for commercial films shown in public venues. Films screened in cinemas and on television may only be publicly exhibited in India after certification by the board and edited. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Certificates_and_guidelines">Certificates and guidelines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Certificates and guidelines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Film_certificate_types_in_India.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four yellow boxes with black letters: U, UA, A and S" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Film_certificate_types_in_India.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="50" /></a><figcaption>Film-certificate categories</figcaption></figure> <p>The board currently issues four certificates. Originally, there were two: U (unrestricted public exhibition with <a href="/wiki/Family-friendly" title="Family-friendly">family-friendly</a> movies) and A (restricted to adult audiences but any kind of <a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">nudity</a> not allowed). Two more were added in June 1983 that are U/A (unrestricted public exhibition, with parental guidance for children under 12) and S (restricted to specialised audiences, such as <a href="/wiki/Doctor_(title)" title="Doctor (title)">doctors</a> or <a href="/wiki/Scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientists">scientists</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The board may refuse to certify a film.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, V/U, V/UA, V/A are used for video films with U, U/A and A carrying the same meaning as above.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U_certificate">U certificate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: U certificate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Films with the U certification are fit for unrestricted public exhibition and are <a href="/wiki/Family-friendly" title="Family-friendly">family-friendly</a> and for children sometimes . These films can contain universal themes like <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, family, <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a>, romance, sci-fi, action etc. These films can also contain some mild violence, but it cannot be prolonged. It may also contain very mild sexual scenes (<b>without any traces of nudity or sexual detail</b>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U/A_certificate"><span id="U.2FA_certificate"></span>U/A certificate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U/A certificate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Films with the U/A certification can contain moderate adult themes that are not strong in nature and are not considered appropriate to be watched by a child without parental guidance. These films may contain moderate to strong violence, moderate sexual scenes (traces of nudity and moderate sexual detail can be found), frightening scenes, blood flow, or muted abusive language. Sometimes such films are re-certified with V/U for video viewing. The age threshold was previously set at 12 years of age, but in 2023 this was further refined to 7, 13 and 16 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>UA 7+</b> – Unrestricted public exhibition, but with parental guidance for children below the age of 7 years.</li> <li><b>UA 13+</b> – Unrestricted public exhibition, but with parental guidance for children below the age of 13 years.</li> <li><b>UA 16+</b> – Unrestricted public exhibition, but with parental guidance for children below the age of 16 years.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_certificate">A certificate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: A certificate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Films with the A certification are available for public exhibition, but with restriction to <a href="/wiki/18_rating" title="18 rating">adults (aged 18+)</a> which are not for kids . These films can contain strong violence, explicit and strong sexual scenes, abusive language, but words which insult or degrade <a href="/wiki/Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Women">women</a> or any <a href="/wiki/Social_group" title="Social group">social group</a> (despite being very common in many films) and <a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">nudity</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are not allowed. Some <a href="/wiki/Controversial" class="mw-redirect" title="Controversial">controversial</a> and adult themes or any suggestive themes are considered unsuitable for young viewers. Such films are often re-certified with V/U and V/UA for <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">TV</a>, which does not happen in the case of U and U/A certified movies.<sup id="cite_ref-Certification_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Certification-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="S_certificate">S certificate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: S certificate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Films with S certification cannot be viewed by the public. Only people associated with it (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_(title)" title="Doctor (title)">doctors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientists</a>, etc.), are permitted to view these films.<sup id="cite_ref-Certification_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Certification-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Indian Cinematograph Act came into effect in 1920, seven years after the production of India's first film: <a href="/wiki/Dadasaheb_Phalke" title="Dadasaheb Phalke">Dadasaheb Phalke</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Harishchandra" title="Raja Harishchandra">Raja Harishchandra</a></i>. Censorship boards were originally independent bodies under the police chiefs of the cities of Madras (now <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>), Bombay (now <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>), Calcutta (now <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> (now in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>), and Rangoon (now <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>) it was amended again on 1 August 2023 with the introduction of cinematography amendment bill. The bill awaits presidential assent. </p><p>After the 1947 <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">independence of India</a>, autonomous regional censors were absorbed into the <b>Bombay Board of Film Censors</b>. The Cinematograph Act of 1952 reorganised the Bombay board into the <b>Central Board of Film Censors</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the 1983 revision of <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a> rules, the body was renamed the Central Board of Film Certification.<sup id="cite_ref-CBFC_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBFC-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021 the Film Certification Appellate Tribunal (FCAT) was scrapped by the Indian government.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principles">Principles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The board's guiding principles are to ensure healthy public entertainment and education and, using modern technology, to make the certification process and board activities transparent to filmmakers, the media and the public also every video have to undergo CBFC certification for telecasting or distributing over any platform in India and suggestible same standards for anywhere in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Refusal_to_certify">Refusal to certify</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Refusal to certify"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the certifications above, there is also the possibility of the board refusing to certify the film at all. </p><p>The board's guidelines are: </p> <ul><li>Anti-social activities (such as violence) may not be glorified.</li> <li>Criminal acts may not be depicted.</li> <li>The following is prohibited: <ul><li>a) Involvement of children in violent acts or abuse.</li> <li>b) Abuse or ridicule of the physically or mentally handicapped.</li> <li>c) Unnecessary depictions of cruelty to animals.</li></ul></li> <li>Gratuitous violence, cruelty, or horror.</li> <li>No scenes encouraging alcohol consumption, drug addiction or smoking.</li> <li>No vulgarity, obscenity, depravity or double entendres.</li> <li>No scenes degrading women (despite many sexist movies being certified), including sexual violence (as much as possible).</li> <li>No denigration by race, religion or other social group.</li> <li>No promotion of sectarian, obscurantist, anti-scientific and anti-national attitudes.</li> <li>Relations with foreign countries should not be affected.</li> <li>No national symbols or emblems, except in accordance with the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 (12 of 1950).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enforcement">Enforcement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2004, censorship has been rigorously enforced. An incident was reported in which exhibitor staff – a clerk who sold the ticket, the usher who allowed minors to sit, a theatre manager and the partners of the theatre complex – were arrested for non-compliance with certification rules.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_and_leadership">Composition and leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Composition and leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The board consists of a chairperson and 23 members, all of whom are appointed by the central government. <a href="/wiki/Prasoon_Joshi" title="Prasoon Joshi">Prasoon Joshi</a> chairs the board; Joshi became its 28th chairperson on 11 August 2017, after <a href="/wiki/Pahlaj_Nihalani" title="Pahlaj Nihalani">Pahlaj Nihalani</a> was fired.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nihalani had succeeded <a href="/wiki/Leela_Samson" title="Leela Samson">Leela Samson</a> after Samson quit<sup id="cite_ref-REUTERS_16_Jan_2015_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REUTERS_16_Jan_2015-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in protest of an appellate tribunal's overturning of a board decision to refuse certification for <i><a href="/wiki/MSG:_The_Messenger" title="MSG: The Messenger">MSG: The Messenger</a></i>. Samson had succeeded <a href="/wiki/Sharmila_Tagore" title="Sharmila Tagore">Sharmila Tagore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_29_March_2011_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI_29_March_2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The board, headquartered in Mumbai, has nine regional offices: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Chairs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Name</th> <th>From</th> <th>To </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>C S Aggarwal</td> <td>15 January 1951</td> <td>14 June 1954 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>B D Mirchandani</td> <td>15 June 1954</td> <td>9 June 1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>M D Bhatt</td> <td>10 June 1955</td> <td>21 November 1959 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>D L Kothari</td> <td>22 November 1959</td> <td>24 March 1960 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>B D Mirchandani</td> <td>25 March 1960</td> <td>1 November 1960 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>D L Kothari</td> <td>2 November 1960</td> <td>22 April 1965 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>B P Bhatt</td> <td>23 April 1965</td> <td>22 April 1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>R P Nayak</td> <td>31 April 1968</td> <td>15 November 1969 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>M V Desai</td> <td>12 December 1969</td> <td>19 October 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Brig. R. Sreenivasan</td> <td>20 October 1970</td> <td>15 November 1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Virendra Vyas</td> <td>11 February 1972</td> <td>30 June 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>K L Khandpur</td> <td>1 July 1976</td> <td>31 January 1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hrishikesh_Mukherjee" title="Hrishikesh Mukherjee">Hrishikesh Mukherjee</a></td> <td>1 February 1981</td> <td>10 August 1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>Aparna Mohile</td> <td>11 August 1982</td> <td>14 March 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>Sharad Upasani</td> <td>15 March 1983</td> <td>9 May 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>Surresh Mathur</td> <td>10 May 1983</td> <td>7 July 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>Vikram Singh</td> <td>8 July 1983</td> <td>19 February 1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>Moreshwar Vanmali</td> <td>20 February 1989</td> <td>25 April 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>B P Singhal</td> <td>25 April 1990</td> <td>1 April 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Samanta" title="Shakti Samanta">Shakti Samanta</a></td> <td>1 April 1991</td> <td>25 June 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asha_Parekh" title="Asha Parekh">Asha Parekh</a></td> <td>25 June 1998</td> <td>25 September 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Anand_(Hindi_film_maker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijay Anand (Hindi film maker)">Vijay Anand</a><sup id="cite_ref-TOI_22_July_2002_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI_22_July_2002-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>26 September 2001</td> <td>19 July 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Trivedi" title="Arvind Trivedi">Arvind Trivedi</a></td> <td>20 July 2002</td> <td>16 October 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anupam_Kher" title="Anupam Kher">Anupam Kher</a><sup id="cite_ref-Rediff_8_October_2003_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rediff_8_October_2003-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>16 October 2003</td> <td>13 October 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharmila_Tagore" title="Sharmila Tagore">Sharmila Tagore</a><sup id="cite_ref-IndiaGlitz_16_October_2004_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndiaGlitz_16_October_2004-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>13 October 2004</td> <td>31 March 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leela_Samson" title="Leela Samson">Leela Samson</a></td> <td>1 April 2011</td> <td>16 January 2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pahlaj_Nihalani" title="Pahlaj Nihalani">Pahlaj Nihalani</a></td> <td>19 January 2015</td> <td>11 August 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prasoon_Joshi" title="Prasoon Joshi">Prasoon Joshi</a></td> <td>12 August 2017</td> <td>Present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The board has been associated with a number of scandals. Film producers reportedly bribe the CBFC to obtain a U/A certificate, which entitles them to a 30-percent reduction in entertainment tax.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, <i><a href="/wiki/War_and_Peace_(2002_film)" title="War and Peace (2002 film)">War and Peace</a></i> (a <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> by <a href="/wiki/Anand_Patwardhan" title="Anand Patwardhan">Anand Patwardhan</a> which depicted <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_testing" title="Nuclear weapons testing">nuclear weapons testing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>) had to be edited 21 times before the film was approved for release. According to Patwardhan, "The cuts that [the Board] asked for are so ridiculous that they won't hold up in court. But if these cuts do make it, it will be the end of freedom of expression in the Indian media."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A court ruled that the cut requirement was unconstitutional, and the film was shown uncensored.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2002, Indian filmmaker and CBFC chair <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Anand_(filmmaker)" title="Vijay Anand (filmmaker)">Vijay Anand</a> proposed legalising the exhibition of <a href="/wiki/X-rated" class="mw-redirect" title="X-rated">X-rated</a> films in selected cinemas. Anand said, "Porn is shown everywhere in India clandestinely ... and the best way to fight this onslaught of blue movies is to show them openly in theatres with legally authorised licences".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anand resigned less than a year after becoming chairperson in the wake of his proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The board refused to certify <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pink_Mirror" title="The Pink Mirror">Gulabi Aaina</a></i> (a film about Indian <a href="/wiki/Transsexual" title="Transsexual">transsexuals</a> produced and directed by <a href="/wiki/Sridhar_Rangayan" title="Sridhar Rangayan">Sridhar Rangayan</a>) in 2003; Rangayan unsuccessfully appealed the decision twice. Although the film is <a href="/wiki/List_of_banned_films" title="List of banned films">banned</a> in India, it has been screened internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Final_Solution_(2004_film)" title="Final Solution (2004 film)">Final Solution</a></i>, a 2004 documentary examining religious riots between <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> of the 2002 Gujarat riots which killed over 1,000 people, was also banned. According to the board, the film was "highly provocative and may trigger off unrest and communal violence".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a sustained campaign, the ban was lifted in October of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CBFC demanded five cuts from the 2011 American film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_with_the_Dragon_Tattoo_(2011_film)" title="The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)">The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo</a></i>, because of <a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_film" title="Nudity in film">nudity</a> and rape scenes. The producers and the director, <a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a>, eventually decided not to release the film in India.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CEO Rakesh Kumar was arrested in August 2014 for accepting bribes to expedite the issuance of certificates.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The board demanded four cuts (three visual and one audio) from the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam film</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Painted_House" title="The Painted House">Chaayam Poosiya Veedu</a></i>) (directed by brothers Santosh Babusenan and Satish Babusenan), because of nude scenes. The directors refused to make the changes, and the film was not certified.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CBFC chairperson <a href="/wiki/Leela_Samson" title="Leela Samson">Leela Samson</a> resigned in protest of political interference in the board's work in 2015 after its decision to refuse certification of the film, <i><a href="/wiki/MSG:_The_Messenger" title="MSG: The Messenger">MSG: The Messenger</a></i>, was overturned by an appellate tribunal. Samson was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Pahlaj_Nihalani" title="Pahlaj Nihalani">Pahlaj Nihalani</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> affiliation triggered a wave of additional board resignations.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The board was criticised for ordering the screen time of two kissing scenes in the James Bond film <a href="/wiki/Spectre_(2015_film)" title="Spectre (2015 film)"><i>Spectre</i></a> to be cut by half for release.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Udta_Punjab" title="Udta Punjab">Udta Punjab</a></i> (2016), a crime drama about drug issues in the state of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Anurag_Kashyap" title="Anurag Kashyap">Anurag Kashyap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekta_Kapoor" title="Ekta Kapoor">Ekta Kapoor</a>, et al., inspired a list of 94 cuts and 13 pointers (including an order to remove Punjabi city names). The <a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a> allowed the film's release with one cut and disclaimers.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  A copy of the film was <a href="/wiki/Internet_leak" title="Internet leak">leaked online</a>, with evidence suggesting CBFC involvement.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kashyap posted on Facebook that although he did not object to free downloads, he hoped that viewers would pay for the film.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film eventually grossed over <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>97 crore</span> (US$12 million),<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a commercial success. In August 2017, days after his removal as CBFC chair, Nihalani said in an interview that he had received instructions from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Ministry of Information and Broadcasting</a> to block the release of this film and at least one other.<sup id="cite_ref-ndtvinterview_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ndtvinterview-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_Under_My_Burkha" title="Lipstick Under My Burkha">Lipstick Under My Burkha</a></i> (2017) by <a href="/wiki/Alankrita_Shrivastava" title="Alankrita Shrivastava">Alankrita Shrivastava</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Prakash_Jha" title="Prakash Jha">Prakash Jha</a>, was initially denied certification, with the CBFC claiming that "The story is lady oriented, their fantasy above life. There are contanious [sic] sexual scenes, abusive words, audio pornography and a bit sensitive touch about one particular section of society".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The black comedy, which had been screened at international film festivals, was eligible for the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The filmmakers appealed to the board's Film Certification Appellate Tribunal (FCAT), which authorised its release.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FCAT requested some cuts (primarily to sex scenes), and the film was released with an "A" certificate. Shrivastava said she would have preferred no cuts, but felt the film's narrative and essence were left intact, and commended the FCAT's handling of the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Ashvin_Kumar" title="Ashvin Kumar">Ashvin Kumar</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/No_Fathers_in_Kashmir" title="No Fathers in Kashmir">No Fathers in Kashmir</a></i> at first received an "A" certificate. In his open letter to the CBFC chairperson, Kumar stated that for an independent film, this was "as good as banning the film".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After appealing to the FCAT and incorporating a few cuts and disclaimers at its request, the film was granted a "U/A" certificate eight months after its initial submission.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Film_Certification&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190117035117/https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/main/">"Welcome to CBFC"</a>. <i>cbfcindia.gov.in</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbfcindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+CBFC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbfcindia.gov.in%2Fmain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJhinuk_Sen2011" class="citation web cs1">Jhinuk Sen (15 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/ua-s-x-r-demystified-how-films-are-rated-376237.html">"UA, S, X, R demystified: How films are rated"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/News18" class="mw-redirect" title="News18">News18</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Network18_Group" title="Network18 Group">Network18 Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616081848/https://www.news18.com/news/india/ua-s-x-r-demystified-how-films-are-rated-376237.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News18&rft.atitle=UA%2C+S%2C+X%2C+R+demystified%3A+How+films+are+rated&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft.au=Jhinuk+Sen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news18.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fua-s-x-r-demystified-how-films-are-rated-376237.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJhaAhluwalia2017" class="citation web cs1">Jha, Lata; Ahluwalia, Harveen (17 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/CThHt0ZPEGJcG4iA5Ym8AO/Censor-board-denied-certification-to-77-films-in-201516.html">"Censor board denied certification to 77 films in 2015–16"</a>. <i>Livemint</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Livemint&rft.atitle=Censor+board+denied+certification+to+77+films+in+2015%E2%80%9316&rft.date=2017-03-17&rft.aulast=Jha&rft.aufirst=Lata&rft.au=Ahluwalia%2C+Harveen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FConsumer%2FCThHt0ZPEGJcG4iA5Ym8AO%2FCensor-board-denied-certification-to-77-films-in-201516.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220529000643/https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/main/certification.html">"Certification"</a>. <i>cbfcindia.gov.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/main/certification.html">the original</a> on 29 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbfcindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Certification&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbfcindia.gov.in%2Fmain%2Fcertification.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_parliament/2023/Cinematograph_(Amendment)_Act,_2023.pdf">"Cinematograph (Amendment) Act 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. India: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Ministry of Law and Justice</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240815062151/https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_parliament/2023/Cinematograph_(Amendment)_Act,_2023.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cinematograph+%28Amendment%29+Act+2023&rft.place=India&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Law+and+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprsindia.org%2Ffiles%2Fbills_acts%2Facts_parliament%2F2023%2FCinematograph_%28Amendment%29_Act%2C_2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/cbfc-it-again-malayalam-film-asked-cut-out-nudity-and-mute-kazhuveriyude-mone-45164?amp">"CBFC at it again: Malayalam film asked to cut out nudity and mute Kazhuveriyude Mone"</a>. <i>thenewsminute</i>. 20 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thenewsminute&rft.atitle=CBFC+at+it+again%3A+Malayalam+film+asked+to+cut+out+nudity+and+mute+Kazhuveriyude+Mone&rft.date=2016-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Farticle%2Fcbfc-it-again-malayalam-film-asked-cut-out-nudity-and-mute-kazhuveriyude-mone-45164%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/1jhytL84dGCvm8G1vAtPFL/Nudity-the-final-frontier-for-films-in-India.html">"Nudity, the final frontier for films in India"</a>. <i>livemint</i>. 28 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=livemint&rft.atitle=Nudity%2C+the+final+frontier+for+films+in+India&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FConsumer%2F1jhytL84dGCvm8G1vAtPFL%2FNudity-the-final-frontier-for-films-in-India.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/film/2015/mar/05/fifty-shades-of-grey-banned-in-india-despite-removal-of-nudity">"Fifty Shades of Grey banned in India despite removal of nudity"</a>. <i>theguadian.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theguadian.com&rft.atitle=Fifty+Shades+of+Grey+banned+in+India+despite+removal+of+nudity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fmar%2F05%2Ffifty-shades-of-grey-banned-in-india-despite-removal-of-nudity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/censor-board-bans-unfreedom-says-film-will-ignite-unnatural-passions-20933?amp">"censor board bans Unfreedom says film will ignite unnatural passions"</a>. <i>The News Minute</i>. 31 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News+Minute&rft.atitle=censor+board+bans+Unfreedom+says+film+will+ignite+unnatural+passions&rft.date=2015-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Farticle%2Fcensor-board-bans-unfreedom-says-film-will-ignite-unnatural-passions-20933%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-cbfc-bans-computer-generated-nudity-2549889/amp">"CBFC bans computer-generated nudity"</a>. <i>Dna India</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dna+India&rft.atitle=CBFC+bans+computer-generated+nudity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fbollywood%2Freport-cbfc-bans-computer-generated-nudity-2549889%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/cbfc-reportedly-bans-film-titled-x-zone-due-to-graphic-love-making-scenes-nudity-4027513.html">"CBFC reported bans film title x zone due to graphic love making scenes, nudity"</a>. <i>Firstspot</i>. 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Firstspot&rft.atitle=CBFC+reported+bans+film+title+x+zone+due+to+graphic+love+making+scenes%2C+nudity&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fcbfc-reportedly-bans-film-titled-x-zone-due-to-graphic-love-making-scenes-nudity-4027513.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india.com/viral/sanskari-cbfc-bans-nudity-on-robots-blurs-alcohol-bottles-from-blade-runner-2049-but-allows-swear-words-2512585/amp/">"Sanskari CBFC Bans Nudity on Robots & Blurs Alcohol Bottles From Blade Runner 2049 But Allows Swear Words"</a>. <i>India.com</i>. 3 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India.com&rft.atitle=Sanskari+CBFC+Bans+Nudity+on+Robots+%26+Blurs+Alcohol+Bottles+From+Blade+Runner+2049+But+Allows+Swear+Words&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.com%2Fviral%2Fsanskari-cbfc-bans-nudity-on-robots-blurs-alcohol-bottles-from-blade-runner-2049-but-allows-swear-words-2512585%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Certification-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Certification_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Certification_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213125751/https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/main/about-us.html">"About Us"</a>. <i>Indian Board of Film Certification</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mumbai+Mirror&rft.atitle=CBFC+refuses+to+certify+Prakash+Jha%27s+film+Lipstick+Under+My+Burkha+%E2%80%93+Mumbai+Mirror+-&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmumbaimirror.indiatimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbollywood%2Fcbfc-refuses-to-certify-prakash-jhas-film-lipstick-under-my-burkha%2Farticleshow%2F57302257.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624033655/http://www.wmfindia.com/blogs/golden-globe-lipstick-under-my-burkha-alankrita/">"The Cultural Cow That Refuses To Certify A Golden Globe Eligible Film"</a>. <i>WMF</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmfindia.com/blogs/golden-globe-lipstick-under-my-burkha-alankrita/">the original</a> on 24 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WMF&rft.atitle=The+Cultural+Cow+That+Refuses+To+Certify+A+Golden+Globe+Eligible+Film&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmfindia.com%2Fblogs%2Fgolden-globe-lipstick-under-my-burkha-alankrita%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zoomtv.com/bollywood-news/latest/article/ekta-kapoor-lipstick-under-my-burkha-cbfc-poster-middle-finger-controversy/34655">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The middle finger is NOT for the CBFC but for the patriarchal society" : Ekta Kapoor"</a>. <i>zoomtv.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zoomtv.com&rft.atitle=%22The+middle+finger+is+NOT+for+the+CBFC+but+for+the+patriarchal+society%22+%3A+Ekta+Kapoor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zoomtv.com%2Fbollywood-news%2Flatest%2Farticle%2Fekta-kapoor-lipstick-under-my-burkha-cbfc-poster-middle-finger-controversy%2F34655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcorrespondent2017" class="citation news cs1">correspondent, Michael Safi South Asia (26 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/apr/26/indian-film-board-clears-lipstick-under-my-burkha-release">"Indian film board clears Lipstick Under My Burkha for release"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Indian+film+board+clears+Lipstick+Under+My+Burkha+for+release&rft.date=2017-04-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=correspondent&rft.aufirst=Michael+Safi+South+Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2017%2Fapr%2F26%2Findian-film-board-clears-lipstick-under-my-burkha-release&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/national-award-winning-filmmaker-ashvin-kumar-fighting-for-a-voice-5446900/">"Fighting for a Voice"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 15 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Fighting+for+a+Voice&rft.date=2018-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fentertainment%2Fnational-award-winning-filmmaker-ashvin-kumar-fighting-for-a-voice-5446900%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320133758/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/soni-razdan-s-no-fathers-in-kashmir-gets-u-a-certification-after-8-months-6-screenings/story-HSLnlsBl1rVxLItXN1TtqM.html">"Soni Razdan's No Fathers in Kashmir gets U/A certification after 8 months, 6 screenings"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 11 March 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/soni-razdan-s-no-fathers-in-kashmir-gets-u-a-certification-after-8-months-6-screenings/story-HSLnlsBl1rVxLItXN1TtqM.html">the original</a> on 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Soni+Razdan%27s+No+Fathers+in+Kashmir+gets+U%2FA+certification+after+8+months%2C+6+screenings&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fbollywood%2Fsoni-razdan-s-no-fathers-in-kashmir-gets-u-a-certification-after-8-months-6-screenings%2Fstory-HSLnlsBl1rVxLItXN1TtqM.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+Board+of+Film+Certification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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title="Films Division">Films Division</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Board of Film Certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Film_Society,_India" title="Children's Film Society, India">Children's Film Society, India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_and_Television_Institute_of_India" title="Film and Television Institute of India">Film and Television Institute of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_Certification_Appellate_Tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Film Certification Appellate Tribunal">Film Certification Appellate Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Archive_of_India" title="National Film Archive of India">National Film Archive of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray_Film_and_Television_Institute" title="Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute">Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Development_Corporation_of_India" title="National Film Development Corporation of India">National Film Development Corporation of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pornography_legality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FBAED2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pornography_legality" title="Template:Pornography legality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pornography_legality" title="Template talk:Pornography legality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pornography_legality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pornography legality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pornography_legality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pornography#Legality_and_regulations" title="Pornography">Pornography legality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;"><a href="/wiki/Pornography_laws_by_region" title="Pornography laws by region">Laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_film_industry_regulations" title="Adult film industry regulations">Adult film industry regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_objections_to_pornography_in_the_United_States" title="Legal objections to pornography in the United States">Legal objections to pornography in the United States</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Nigeria" title="Motion picture content rating system">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Films_and_Publications_Act,_1996" title="Films and Publications Act, 1996">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_advisory_rating_system" title="Brazilian advisory rating system">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Chile" title="Motion picture content rating system">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity#Canada" title="Obscenity">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Colombia" title="Motion picture content rating system">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Jamaica" title="Motion picture content rating system">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Mexico" title="Motion picture content rating system">Mexico</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="US" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:center;;width:1%">US</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipornography_Civil_Rights_Ordinance" title="Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance">Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Online_Protection_Act" title="Child Online Protection Act">Child Online Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Protection_and_Obscenity_Enforcement_Act" title="Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act">Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_Records" title="Custodian of Records">Custodian of Records</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Protection_Restoration_and_Penalties_Enhancement_Act_of_1990" title="Child Protection Restoration and Penalties Enhancement Act of 1990">Child Protection Restoration and Penalties Enhancement Act of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Decency_Act" title="Communications Decency Act">Communications Decency Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_Victims_Compensation_Act" title="Pornography Victims Compensation Act">Pornography Victims Compensation Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_and_Television_Administration" title="National Radio and Television Administration">China</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_Law_(Indonesia)" title="Pornography Law (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_motion_picture_rating_system#Legal_requirements" title="Hong Kong motion picture rating system">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Kazakhstan" title="Motion picture content rating system">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirin" title="Eirin">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_Censorship_Board_of_Malaysia" title="Film Censorship Board of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Maldives" title="Motion picture content rating system">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Film_Censors" title="Central Board of Film Censors">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movie_and_Television_Review_and_Classification_Board" title="Movie and Television Review and Classification Board">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information#Statutory_boards" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Media_Rating_Board" title="Korea Media Rating Board">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Information_Office" title="Government Information Office">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_constitution_of_Thailand" title="2007 constitution of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Turkey#Legal_status" title="Pornography in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#United_Arab_Emirates" title="Motion picture content rating system">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Bulgaria" title="Motion picture content rating system">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Demark" title="Motion picture content rating system">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Estonia" title="Motion picture content rating system">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Finland" title="Motion picture content rating system">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#France" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Greece" title="Motion picture content rating system">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Film_Classification_Office" title="Irish Film Classification Office">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Latvia" title="Motion picture content rating system">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Malta" title="Motion picture content rating system">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_the_Classification_of_Audiovisual_Media" title="Netherlands Institute for the Classification of Audiovisual Media">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Media_Authority" title="Norwegian Media Authority">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Poland" title="Motion picture content rating system">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Portugal" title="Motion picture content rating system">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Spain" title="Motion picture content rating system">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_content_rating_system#Sweden" title="Motion picture content rating system">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_by_region#Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pornography by region">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="UK" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;text-align:center;;width:1%">UK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiovisual_Media_Services_Regulations_2014" title="Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2014">Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Obscenity_and_Film_Censorship" title="Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship">Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscene_Publications_Act_1959" title="Obscene Publications Act 1959">Obscene Publications Act 1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_63_of_the_Criminal_Justice_and_Immigration_Act_2008" title="Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008">Possession of Extreme Pornographic Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Recordings_Act_2010" title="Video Recordings Act 2010">Video Recordings Act 2010</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Classification_Board#Organizations" title="Australian Classification Board">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Film_and_Literature_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Film and Literature Classification">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Booksellers_Ass%27n,_Inc._v._Hudnut" title="American Booksellers Ass'n, Inc. v. Hudnut">American Booksellers v. Hudnut</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People_v._Freeman" title="People v. Freeman">California v. Freeman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jacobellis_v._Ohio" title="Jacobellis v. Ohio">Jacobellis v. Ohio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miller_v._California" title="Miller v. California">Miller v. California</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Butler" title="R v Butler">R v Butler</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Glad_Day_Bookshops_Inc" title="R v Glad Day Bookshops Inc">R v Glad Day Bookshops Inc</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Peacock" title="R v Peacock">R v Peacock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reno_v._American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union">Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Renton_v._Playtime_Theatres,_Inc." title="Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.">Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stanley_v._Georgia" title="Stanley v. Georgia">Stanley v. Georgia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Extreme_Associates,_Inc." title="United States v. Extreme Associates, Inc.">United States v. Extreme Associates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Playboy_Entertainment_Group,_Inc." title="United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.">United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meese_Report" title="Meese Report">Meese Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Obscenity_and_Pornography" title="President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography">President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FBAED2;;width:1%;background: #FFA6C9;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_child_pornography" title="Legality of child pornography">Child<br />pornography<br />laws</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_Australia" title="Child pornography laws in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_Canada" title="Child pornography laws in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Technology_Act,_2000" title="Information Technology Act, 2000">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_Japan" title="Child pornography laws in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_the_Netherlands" title="Child pornography laws in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_in_the_Philippines" title="Child pornography in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_Portugal" title="Child pornography laws in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Child pornography laws in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Child pornography laws in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Child_Pornography_Prevention_Act_of_1996" title="Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996">Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996</a></small></li> <li><small><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_v._Ferber" title="New York v. Ferber">New York v. Ferber</a></i></small></li> <li><small><i><a href="/wiki/Osborne_v._Ohio" title="Osborne v. Ohio">Osborne v. Ohio</a></i></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/PROTECT_Act_of_2003" title="PROTECT Act of 2003">PROTECT Act of 2003</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Williams_(2008)" title="United States v. Williams (2008)"><i>United States v. Williams</i></a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFBCD9;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COPINE_scale" title="COPINE scale">COPINE scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_child_pornography" title="Legality of child pornography">Debate regarding child pornography laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dost_test" title="Dost test"><i>Dost</i> test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_fictional_pornography_depicting_minors" title="Legal status of fictional pornography depicting minors">Legal status of drawn pornography depicting minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_on_the_Sale_of_Children,_Child_Prostitution_and_Child_Pornography" title="Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography">Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_on_the_Sale_of_Children,_Child_Prostitution_and_Child_Pornography" title="Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography">Child Prostitution and Child Pornography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._X-Citement_Video,_Inc." title="United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.">United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944404#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944404#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944404#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122701892">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5048140-X">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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