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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> This is a <b>list of <a href="/wiki/Foodborne_illness" title="Foodborne illness">foodborne illness</a> outbreaks by death toll</b>, caused by <a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">infectious disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_hazards" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical hazards">chemical contamination</a>, or from natural toxins, such as those found in <a href="/wiki/Poisonous_mushrooms" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisonous mushrooms">poisonous mushrooms</a>. Before modern microbiology, foodbourne illness was not understood, and, from the mid 1800s to early-mid 1900s, was perceived as <a href="/wiki/Ptomaine_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptomaine poisoning">ptomaine poisoning</a>, caused by a fundamental flaw in understanding how it worked. While the medical establishment ditched ptomaine theory by the 1930s, it remained in the public consciousness until the late 1960s and early 1970s. </p><p>Outside of botulism (which has been well known since the early 1900s and killed often at the time), many other foodbourne illnesses such as salmonellosis were not monitored closely or kept careful track of until at least the late 1970s, with overall monitoring only fully taking off after the <a href="/wiki/1992%E2%80%931993_Jack_in_the_Box_E._coli_outbreak" title="1992–1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak">1992–1993 Jack in the Box <i>E. coli</i> outbreak</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_by_agent">List by agent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_foodborne_illness_outbreaks_by_death_toll&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List by agent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th width="140">Event</th> <th width="100">Agent</th> <th>Food</th> <th>Company</th> <th>Infected</th> <th>Deaths</th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>2017–2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_South_African_listeriosis_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2017–18 South African listeriosis outbreak">2017–18 South African listeriosis outbreak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes"><i>Listeria</i></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Processed_meat" title="Processed meat">processed meat</a> </td> <td>Enterprise Foods </td> <td><span data-sort-value="01060 !">1,060</span><sup id="cite_ref-2018_govt_report_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018_govt_report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="00216 !">216</span><sup id="cite_ref-2018_govt_report_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018_govt_report-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>A widespread listeriosis outbreak from contaminated deli meats from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enterprise_Foods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enterprise Foods (page does not exist)">Enterprise Foods</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Brands" title="Tiger Brands">Tiger Brands</a>. It is the world's worst listeriosis outbreak. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Germany_E._coli_O104:H4_outbreak" title="2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak">2011 Germany <i>E. coli</i> O104:H4 outbreak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E._coli_O104:H4" class="mw-redirect" title="E. coli O104:H4"><i>E. coli</i> O104:H4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">fenugreek</a> <a href="/wiki/Sprouting" title="Sprouting">sprouts</a><sup id="cite_ref-poster_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poster-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="03950 !">>3,950</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="00053 !">53</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Deadliest bacterial foodborne outbreak in Europe. Deadliest <i>E. coli</i> outbreak. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_California_listeriosis_outbreak_in_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 California listeriosis outbreak in cheese">1985 California listeriosis outbreak in cheese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes"><i>Listeria</i></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queso_fresco" class="mw-redirect" title="Queso fresco">queso fresco</a></td> <td>Jalisco Cheese</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00086 !">>86</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00050 !">47 or 52</span><sup id="cite_ref-cantaloupe_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cantaloupe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Deadliest bacterial foodborne outbreak in US.<sup id="cite_ref-cantaloupe_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cantaloupe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_listeriosis_outbreak_in_cantaloupes" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 United States listeriosis outbreak in cantaloupes">2011 United States listeriosis outbreak in cantaloupes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes"><i>Listeria</i></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cantaloupe" title="Cantaloupe">cantaloupe</a><sup id="cite_ref-cantaloupe_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cantaloupe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Jensen Farms</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00146 !">146</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00030 !">30</span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Second deadliest bacterial foodborne outbreak in US. Second deadliest listeriosis outbreak. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Canada_listeriosis_outbreak" title="2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak">2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes"><i>Listeria</i></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cold_cuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold cuts">cold cuts</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maple_Leaf_Foods" title="Maple Leaf Foods">Maple Leaf Foods</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00050 !">>50</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00022 !">22</span><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Deadliest foodborne outbreak in Canada. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td>1996 <a href="/wiki/Wishaw#Modern_era" title="Wishaw">Wishaw</a> (Scotland) <i>E. coli</i> outbreak </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli_O157:H7" title="Escherichia coli O157:H7"><i>E. coli</i> O157</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a> </td> <td>John Barr </td> <td><span data-sort-value="00200 !">496</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="00020 !">21</span> </td> <td>At the time the world's deadliest outbreak of <i>E. coli</i> poisoning. Butchers John M. Barr & Son provided cooked meat products to several events including a birthday party and a pensioners' luncheon club. The source of the contamination was traced to a boiler used for cooking joints and stew, and a vacuum packing machine used for cooked and raw meats.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deadliest outbreak of the 0157 strain.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_listeriosis_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 United States listeriosis outbreak">1998 United States listeriosis outbreak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes"><i>Listeria</i></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cold_cuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold cuts">cold cuts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hot_dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot dogs">hot dogs</a></td> <td>Bil Mar Foods</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00100 !">>100</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00018 !">18 or 21</span><sup id="cite_ref-cantaloupe_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cantaloupe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008–2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Chile_listeriosis_outbreak" title="2008–2009 Chile listeriosis outbreak">2008–2009 Chile listeriosis outbreak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes"><i>Listeria</i></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cecina_(meat)" title="Cecina (meat)"><i>cecina</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">sausages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">dairy products</a> </td> <td>Doñihue Limitada </td> <td>164<sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>16<sup id="cite_ref-:4_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013%E2%80%932014_Danish_listeriosis_outbreak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013–2014 Danish listeriosis outbreak (page does not exist)">2013–2014 Danish listeriosis outbreak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes"><i>Listeria</i></a></td> <td>spiced lamb roll, pork, sausages, bacon, liver pâté, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Jørn A. Rullepølser</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00037 !">> 37</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00015 !">15</span><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Deadliest<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> foodborne outbreak in Denmark. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023-2024_North_American_salmonellosis_outbreak_in_cantaloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023-2024 North American salmonellosis outbreak in cantaloupe (page does not exist)">2023-2024 North American salmonellosis outbreak in cantaloupe</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a></i></td> <td>cantaloupe</td> <td>Malchita</td> <td>597</td> <td>15</td> <td>Deadliest Salmonella outbreak in world history </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_United_States_salmonellosis_outbreak_in_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 United States salmonellosis outbreak in milk">1985 United States salmonellosis outbreak in milk</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a></td> <td>Hillfarm Dairy</td> <td><span data-sort-value="05295 !">5,295</span><sup id="cite_ref-margolis_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-margolis-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00009 !">9</span><sup id="cite_ref-margolis_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-margolis-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Largest foodborne <i>Salmonella</i> outbreak in milk. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peanut_Corporation_of_America" title="Peanut Corporation of America">2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak in peanuts</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanuts</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peanut_Corporation_of_America" title="Peanut Corporation of America">Peanut Corporation of America</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00200 !">>200</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00009 !">9</span></td> <td>Largest foodborne <i>Salmonella</i> outbreak in peanut butter. One of the largest food recalls in United States history.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_United_States_listeriosis_outbreak_in_poultry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 United States listeriosis outbreak in poultry (page does not exist)">2002 United States listeriosis outbreak in poultry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes"><i>Listeria</i></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_Pride" title="Pilgrim's Pride">Pilgrim's Pride</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00050 !">>50</span><sup id="cite_ref-usnwr_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usnwr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00008 !">8</span><sup id="cite_ref-usnwr_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usnwr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015–present<sup id="cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecdc–efsa-2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Relative_time_references" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="Clarify the applicable timeframe so that it is unambiguous when read at a later date. (February 2023)">timeframe?</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_listeriosis_outbreak_(2015%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European listeriosis outbreak (2015–present) (page does not exist)">European listeriosis outbreak (2015–present)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes"><i>Listeria</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecdc–efsa-2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">frozen</a> <a href="/wiki/Corn" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn">corn</a> suspected<sup id="cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecdc–efsa-2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Hungarian supplier<br />→Hungarian processing company<br />→Polish storage service<br />→Polish packer<sup id="cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecdc–efsa-2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="00032 !">32</span><sup id="cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecdc–efsa-2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="00006 !">6</span><sup id="cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecdc–efsa-2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>As of 8 March 2018,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_foodborne_illness_outbreaks_by_death_toll&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the ongoing outbreak has affected five European Union countries: <ul><li>Austria: 2 confirmed cases (1 fatal)</li> <li>Denmark: 4 confirmed cases (1 fatal)</li> <li>Finland: 14 confirmed cases (2 fatal)</li> <li>Sweden: 6 confirmed cases (2 fatal)</li> <li>United Kingdom: 6 confirmed cases (no fatalities)</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecdc–efsa-2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (February 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schwan%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwan's">Schwan's Sales Enterprises</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="224000 !">224,000</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="0 !">0</span> </td> <td>An estimated 224,000 people across the United States suffered from <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> gastroenteritis after eating Schwan's ice cream when raw, unpasteurized eggs were hauled in a tanker truck that later carried pasteurized ice cream to the Schwan's plant, and the ice cream premix was not pasteurized after delivery to the plant.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992–1993</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1993_Jack_in_the_Box_E._coli_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak">1993 Jack in the Box <i>E. coli</i> outbreak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/E._coli_O157:H7" class="mw-redirect" title="E. coli O157:H7"><i>E. coli</i> O157:H7</a></td> <td>undercooked <a href="/wiki/Hamburgers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamburgers">hamburgers</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_in_the_Box" title="Jack in the Box">Jack in the Box</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00700 !">>700</span><sup id="cite_ref-usnwr_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usnwr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00004 !">4</span><sup id="cite_ref-usnwr_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usnwr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>First deadly foodborne <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 outbreak. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2003_United_States_hepatitis_A_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 United States hepatitis A outbreak">2003 United States hepatitis A outbreak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_A_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatitis A virus">hepatitis A virus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scallion" title="Scallion">green onions</a></td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00555 !">555</span><sup id="cite_ref-penn_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-penn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00003 !">3</span><sup id="cite_ref-penn_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-penn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Largest foodborne hepatitis outbreak. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2006_North_American_E._coli_O157:H7_outbreak_in_spinach" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach">2006 North American <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 outbreak in spinach</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/E._coli_O157:H7" class="mw-redirect" title="E. coli O157:H7"><i>E. coli</i> O157:H7</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dole_Foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Dole Foods">Dole Foods</a><sup id="cite_ref-usnwr_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usnwr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00205 !">>205</span><sup id="cite_ref-usnwr_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usnwr-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00003 !">3</span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeriosis#2024_Canadian_listeriosis_outbreak" title="Listeriosis">2024 Canadian listeriosis outbreak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Listeria_monocytogenes" title="Listeria monocytogenes"><i>Listeria</i></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nut_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nut milk">nut milk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silk_(brand)" title="Silk (brand)">Silk</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Walmart_brands#Great_Value" title="List of Walmart brands">Great Value</a> </td> <td>20<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>Listeria</i> contamination in various nut milk products led to at least 20 cases of listeriosis, including 3 deaths in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> between August 2023 and July 2024. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_botulism_case_from_canned_tuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 botulism case from canned tuna (page does not exist)">1963 botulism case from canned tuna</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">botulinum toxin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canned_tuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Canned tuna">canned tuna</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A%26P" title="A&P">A&P</a></td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00002 !">2</span></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1922</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1922_Loch_Maree_botulism_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="1922 Loch Maree botulism outbreak">1922 Loch Maree botulism outbreak</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">botulinum toxin</a></td> <td>duck paste</td> <td>Lazenby's</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00008 !">8</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00008 !">8</span></td> <td>Six guests and two staff members at the Loch Maree Hotel in Scotland were fatally poisoned by sandwiches made with Botulinus-contaminated duck paste. This was the first incident in the UK in which botulism was conclusively identified as the cause and remains the only large incident of microbial food contamination in the UK with 100% reported fatalities. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1971_botulism_case_from_Bon_Vivant_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 botulism case from Bon Vivant soup">1971 botulism case from Bon Vivant soup</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">botulinum toxin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vichyssoise_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichyssoise soup">vichyssoise soup</a></td> <td>Bon Vivant Company</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00002 !">2</span><sup id="cite_ref-vivant_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vivant-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00001 !">1</span><sup id="cite_ref-vivant_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vivant-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1996_Odwalla_E._coli_outbreak" title="1996 Odwalla E. coli outbreak">1996 Odwalla <i>E. coli</i> outbreak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/E._coli_O157:H7" class="mw-redirect" title="E. coli O157:H7"><i>E. coli</i> O157:H7</a></td> <td>unpasteurized <a href="/wiki/Apple_juice" title="Apple juice">apple juice</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odwalla" title="Odwalla">Odwalla</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00066 !">66</span><sup id="cite_ref-fb_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fb-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00001 !">1</span><sup id="cite_ref-deadly_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadly-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Unpasteurized juice sold for the health market. Rotten apples used when safety officer was overruled.<sup id="cite_ref-deadly_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadly-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_South_Wales_E._coli_O157_outbreak" title="2005 South Wales E. coli O157 outbreak">2005 South Wales <i>E. coli</i> O157 outbreak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/E._coli_O157" class="mw-redirect" title="E. coli O157"><i>E. coli</i> O157</a></td> <td>meat</td> <td>local butcher</td> <td><span data-sort-value="00157 !">157</span><sup id="cite_ref-wrong_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wrong-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00001 !">1</span><sup id="cite_ref-wrong_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wrong-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Largest <i>E. coli</i> outbreak in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-wrong_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wrong-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Second largest <i>E. coli</i> outbreak in UK.<sup id="cite_ref-wrong_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wrong-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_Valley_Oak_botulism_outbreak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2017 Valley Oak botulism outbreak (page does not exist)">2017 Valley Oak Nacho Cheese botulism outbreak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">botulinum toxin</a></td> <td>nacho cheese</td> <td>gas station</td> <td>10</td> <td>1</td> <td>A poorly maintained nacho cheese machine lead to the contamination of the cheese and the sicking of 10 people with botulism, one of whom later died.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995–present</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_BSE_outbreak" title="United Kingdom BSE outbreak">vCJD/HSBE in British Beef</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prion" title="Prion">prions</a></td> <td>beef</td> <td>nationwide beef producers</td> <td>178</td> <td>178</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_chemical_contamination">By chemical contamination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_foodborne_illness_outbreaks_by_death_toll&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By chemical contamination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Event</th> <th>Food</th> <th>Contaminant</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Affected</th> <th>Deaths</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1971_Iraq_poison_grain_disaster" title="1971 Iraq poison grain disaster">1971 Iraq poison grain disaster</a></td> <td>wheat, barley</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Methylmercury" title="Methylmercury">methylmercury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000650 !">>650</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00650 !">650</span></td> <td>Seeds treated with methylmercury as a fungicide for planting were used as food </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Spain_rapeseed_oil_toxicity" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 Spain rapeseed oil toxicity">1981 Spain rapeseed oil toxicity</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed_oil" title="Rapeseed oil">rapeseed oil</a></td> <td>possibly <a href="/wiki/Aniline" title="Aniline">aniline</a></td> <td>Spain</td> <td><span data-sort-value="025000 !">~25,000</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00600 !">600</span></td> <td>Industrial oil sold as food oil.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morinaga_milk_arsenic_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Morinaga milk arsenic poisoning">Morinaga milk arsenic poisoning</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%B0%B8%E3%83%92%E7%B4%A0%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:森永ヒ素ミルク中毒事件">ja</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Powdered_milk" title="Powdered milk">powdered milk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="013389 !">13,389</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00600 !">>600</span></td> <td>By mistake, an industrial grade <a href="/wiki/Monosodium_phosphate" title="Monosodium phosphate">Monosodium phosphate</a> was added to milk produced by <a href="/wiki/Morinaga_Milk_Industry" title="Morinaga Milk Industry">Morinaga Milk Industry</a>, which contained an impurity of 5–8% arsenic. The milk powder was used for feeding infants, and many babies were poisoned. By 1981, there were still >6,000 people affected as adults with severe mental retardation and other health effects; and by 2006, >600 adults remained affected. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1900</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1900_English_beer_poisoning" title="1900 English beer poisoning">1900 English beer poisoning</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a></td> <td>England</td> <td><span data-sort-value="006000 !">>6,000</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00070 !">>70</span></td> <td>Arsenic was introduced into beer via contaminated sugar. Outbreak made worse by mass-misdiagnosis of the victims' illnesses. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947</td> <td>1947 <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Hospital" title="Oregon State Hospital">Oregon State Hospital</a> poisoning</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scrambled_eggs" title="Scrambled eggs">scrambled eggs</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_fluoride" title="Sodium fluoride">sodium fluoride</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td><span data-sort-value="000467 !">467</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00047 !">47</span></td> <td>Instead of powdered milk, sodium fluoride, a poison to kill cockroaches, had been accidentally used in the cooking process </td></tr> <tr> <td>1858</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1858_Bradford_sweets_poisoning" title="1858 Bradford sweets poisoning">1858 Bradford sweets poisoning</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Candy" title="Candy">candy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trioxide" title="Arsenic trioxide">arsenic trioxide</a></td> <td>England</td> <td><span data-sort-value="000200 !">~200</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00020 !">20</span></td> <td>Arsenic was accidentally sold as "daft". Daft was a standard adulterant to bulk up the candy </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mabini_food_poisoning_incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mabini food poisoning incident (page does not exist)">Mabini food poisoning incident</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fritters" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritters">fritters</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">carbamate</a></td> <td>Philippines</td> <td><span data-sort-value="000100 !">~100</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00020 !">28</span></td> <td>Pesticide ingredient was believed to have been inadvertently mixed with cassava flour used in making the snacks which were then sold to schoolchildren </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandal" title="2008 Chinese milk scandal">2008 Chinese milk scandal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Melamine" title="Melamine">melamine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a></td> <td>China</td> <td><span data-sort-value="300000 !">>300,000</span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="00006 !">6</span></td> <td>Milk diluted with water then melamine added to fool the test for protein content </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_foodborne_illness_outbreaks_by_death_toll&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epidemics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of epidemics">List of epidemics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_contamination_incidents" title="List of food contamination incidents">List of food contamination incidents</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_foodborne_illness_outbreaks_by_death_toll&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2018_govt_report-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2018_govt_report_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2018_govt_report_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nicd.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Listeriosis-outbreak-situation-report-_26July2018_fordistribution.pdf">"Situation Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-08</span></span>. <q>German authorities said on Friday that they had conclusively identified sprouts as the cause of the <i>E. coli</i> infections that have swept Europe since early May, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Poster+Plant+of+Health+Food+Can+Pack+Disease+Risks&rft.date=2011-06-10&rft.au=William+Neuman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F06%2F11%2Fbusiness%2F11sprouts.html%3Fscp%3D2%26sq%3DGermany%2520E.%2520coli%252045%2520sprouts%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Food_Safety_Authority2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority">European Food Safety Authority</a> (July 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120064044/http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/120711">"E.coli: Rapid response in a crisis"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-02</span></span>. <q>Across the EU more than 3,100 cases of bloody diarrhoea and more than 850 of haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a serious condition that can lead to kidney failure, were reported...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=E.coli%3A+Rapid+response+in+a+crisis&rft.date=2012-07-11&rft.au=European+Food+Safety+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efsa.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fnews%2F120711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Food_Safety_Authority2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority">European Food Safety Authority</a> (July 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120064044/http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/120711">"E.coli: Rapid response in a crisis"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-02</span></span>. <q>there were 53 confirmed deaths.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=E.coli%3A+Rapid+response+in+a+crisis&rft.date=2012-07-11&rft.au=European+Food+Safety+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efsa.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fnews%2F120711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000562.htm">"Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Listeriosis Outbreak Associated with Mexican-Style Cheese -- California"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>. June 21, 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018142155/http://cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000562.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-08</span></span>. <q>Between January 1, and June 14, 1985, 86 cases of Listeria monocytogenes infection were identified in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California. Fifty-eight of the cases were among mother-infant pairs. Twenty-nine deaths have occurred: eight neonatal deaths, 13 stillbirths, and eight non-neonatal deaths. An increased occurrence of listeriosis was first noted at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center; all cases were in pregnant Hispanics, and all appeared to be community-acquired. A systematic review of laboratory records at hospitals in Los Angeles and Orange County identified additional cases throughout the area.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Epidemiologic+Notes+and+Reports+Listeriosis+Outbreak+Associated+with+Mexican-Style+Cheese+--+California&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.date=1985-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fmmwr%2Fpreview%2Fmmwrhtml%2F00000562.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cantaloupe-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cantaloupe_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cantaloupe_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cantaloupe_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cantaloupe_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Neuman2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Neuman_(reporter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Neuman (reporter) (page does not exist)">William Neuman</a> (September 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/28/business/deaths-from-cantaloupe-listeria-rises.html?src=me&ref=general">"Deaths From Cantaloupe Listeria Rise"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929173920/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/28/business/deaths-from-cantaloupe-listeria-rises.html?src=me&ref=general">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-29</span></span>. <q>At least 13 people in eight states have died after eating cantaloupe contaminated with listeria, in the deadliest outbreak of food-borne illness in the United States in more than a decade, public health officials said on Tuesday. ... The outbreak appeared to be the third worst in the United States attributed to any form of food-borne illness, in terms of the number of deaths, since the C.D.C. began regularly tracking such outbreaks in the early 1970s. The deadliest outbreak in the United States since then occurred in 1985, when a wave of listeria illness, linked to Mexican-style fresh cheese, swept through California. A federal database says 52 deaths were attributed to the outbreak, but news reports at the time put the number as high as 84. The second-deadliest outbreak was in 1998 and 1999, when there were at least 14 deaths and four miscarriages or stillbirths in a listeria outbreak linked to hot dogs and delicatessen meats. Some sources put the death toll in that outbreak as high as 21. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Deaths+From+Cantaloupe+Listeria+Rise&rft.date=2011-09-27&rft.au=William+Neuman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F09%2F28%2Fbusiness%2Fdeaths-from-cantaloupe-listeria-rises.html%3Fsrc%3Dme%26ref%3Dgeneral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegal1988" class="citation news cs1">Segal, Marian (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090802235700/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1370/is_n6_v22/ai_6589512/">"Invisible villains; tiny microbes are biggest food hazard"</a>. <i>FDA Consumer</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1370/is_n6_v22/ai_6589512">the original</a> on 2009-08-02. <q>Summer 1985: In Southern California, the largest number of food poisoning deaths recorded in recent U.S. history is traced to Mexican-style soft chesse. Of the 142 reported cases, there were 47 deaths, including 19 stillbirths and 10 infant deaths. The killer -- Listeria monocytogenes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FDA+Consumer&rft.atitle=Invisible+villains%3B+tiny+microbes+are+biggest+food+hazard&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Segal&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.findarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m1370%2Fis_n6_v22%2Fai_6589512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/cantaloupes-jensen-farms/120811/index.html">"Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Whole Cantaloupes from Jensen Farms, Colorado (Final update)"</a>. 8 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120807090748/http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/cantaloupes-jensen-farms/120811/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2012</span>. <q>A total of 146 persons infected with any of the four outbreak-associated strains of Listeria monocytogenes were reported to CDC from 28 states. The number of infected persons identified in each state was as follows: Alabama (1), Arkansas (1), California (4), Colorado (40), Idaho (2), Illinois (4), Indiana (3), Iowa (1), Kansas (11), Louisiana (2), Maryland (1), Missouri (7), Montana (1), Nebraska (6), Nevada (1), New Mexico (15), New York (2), North Dakota (2), Oklahoma (12), Oregon (1), Pennsylvania (1), South Dakota (1), Texas (18), Utah (1), Virginia (1), West Virginia (1), Wisconsin (2), and Wyoming (4). (...) Thirty deaths were reported: Colorado (8), Indiana (1), Kansas (3), Louisiana (2), Maryland (1), Missouri (3), Nebraska (1), New Mexico (5), New York (2), Oklahoma (1), Texas (2), and Wyoming (1). Among persons who died, ages ranged from 48 to 96 years, with a median age of 82.5 years. In addition, one woman pregnant at the time of illness had a miscarriage.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Multistate+Outbreak+of+Listeriosis+Linked+to+Whole+Cantaloupes+from+Jensen+Farms%2C+Colorado+%28Final+update%29&rft.date=2011-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Flisteria%2Foutbreaks%2Fcantaloupes-jensen-farms%2F120811%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/26/business/worldbusiness/26food.html?scp=2&sq=Maple%20Leaf%20Foods%20listeriosis&st=cse">"Canada Expands Recall of Cold Cuts and Raises Death Toll"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. August 25, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501195121/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/26/business/worldbusiness/26food.html?scp=2&sq=Maple%20Leaf%20Foods%20listeriosis&st=cse">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-08</span></span>. <q>Over the weekend, Maple Leaf expanded its recall, which began with two types of cold cuts, to include 220 products from the factory, which is one of 24 operated by the company. Separately on Monday, Lucerne Foods, which is based in Calgary, announced a recall of prepared sandwiches it made using Maple Leaf meats for supermarkets and convenience stores in Western Canada.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Canada+Expands+Recall+of+Cold+Cuts+and+Raises+Death+Toll&rft.date=2008-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F08%2F26%2Fbusiness%2Fworldbusiness%2F26food.html%3Fscp%3D2%26sq%3DMaple%2520Leaf%2520Foods%2520listeriosis%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207083151/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/alert-alerte/listeria/listeria_2008-eng.php">"Listeria monocytogenes outbreak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Food_Inspection_Agency" title="Canadian Food Inspection Agency">Canadian Food Inspection Agency</a>. 2009-03-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/alert-alerte/listeria/listeria_2008-eng.php">the original</a> on 2009-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-20</span></span>. <q>The Public Health Agency of Canada has updated its case numbers from last year's national listeriosis outbreak. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Listeria+monocytogenes+outbreak&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phac-aspc.gc.ca%2Falert-alerte%2Flisteria%2Flisteria_2008-eng.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtter2020" class="citation book cs1">Otter, Chris (2020). <i>Diet for a large planet</i>. USA: University of Chicago Press. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-69710-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-69710-9"><bdi>978-0-226-69710-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diet+for+a+large+planet&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-226-69710-9&rft.aulast=Otter&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12363329.the-butcher-who-lied/">"The butcher who lied"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)" title="The Herald (Glasgow)">The Herald</a></i>. August 20, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028175038/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12363329.the-butcher-who-lied/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-05</span></span>. <q>... Wishaw butcher John Barr was in disgrace last night after a sheriff ruled that his <i>deliberate deception</i> of environmental health officers may have caused every death from E-coli in the world's worst-ever outbreak.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald&rft.atitle=The+butcher+who+lied&rft.date=1998-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fnews%2F12363329.the-butcher-who-lied%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/26/us/listeria-fear-forces-recall-of-hot-dogs.html">"Listeria Fear Forces Recall of Hot Dogs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. March 26, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501172702/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/26/us/listeria-fear-forces-recall-of-hot-dogs.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-30</span></span>. <q>... The move comes as the company tries to polish a wholesome image tarnished by the nationwide recall in December 1998 of about 15 million pounds of hot dogs and luncheon meat after listeria was spotted. The meat was linked 21 deaths and more than 100 illnesses in 22 states.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Listeria+Fear+Forces+Recall+of+Hot+Dogs&rft.date=2000-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F03%2F26%2Fus%2Flisteria-fear-forces-recall-of-hot-dogs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Health2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Chile)" title="Ministry of Health (Chile)">Ministry of Health</a> (August 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redsalud.gov.cl/portal/url/item/71fd37eae7d943a4e04001011f014853.pdf">"Informe Listeriosis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Informe+Listeriosis&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft.au=Ministry+of+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redsalud.gov.cl%2Fportal%2Furl%2Fitem%2F71fd37eae7d943a4e04001011f014853.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140825035414/http://www.foedevarestyrelsen.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/25_PDF_word_filer%20til%20download/Webalerts/LISTERIA%20200814%20kl%2016.30.pdf">"Listeria Impacted Products"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Danish Veterinary and Food Administration. August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foedevarestyrelsen.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/25_PDF_word_filer%20til%20download/Webalerts/LISTERIA%20200814%20kl%2016.30.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-26</span></span>. <q>List of listeria impacted products and distributors</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Listeria+Impacted+Products&rft.date=2014-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foedevarestyrelsen.dk%2FSiteCollectionDocuments%2F25_PDF_word_filer%2520til%2520download%2FWebalerts%2FLISTERIA%2520200814%2520kl%252016.30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssi.dk/Aktuelt/Temaer/Sygdomsudbrud/Listeriaudbrud.aspx">"Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to meat from Jørn A. Rullepølser A/S, Denmark"</a>. 8 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826003901/http://www.ssi.dk/Aktuelt/Temaer/Sygdomsudbrud/Listeriaudbrud.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2014</span>. <q>A total of 15 deaths with strains of Listeria monocytogenes were reported by The Danish Ministry of Health. The outbreak has been linked to spiced lamb roll, pork, bacon, sausages, liver pâté and other meat products.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Listeriosis+Linked+to+meat+from+J%C3%B8rn+A.+Rullep%C3%B8lser+A%2FS%2C+Denmark&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssi.dk%2FAktuelt%2FTemaer%2FSygdomsudbrud%2FListeriaudbrud.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-margolis-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-margolis_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-margolis_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/17/garden/salmonella-outbreak-is-traced.html">"Salmonella Outbreak is Traced"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. April 17, 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121212181033/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/17/garden/salmonella-outbreak-is-traced.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-12-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-29</span></span>. <q>About 6,644 cases of samonella poisoning have been reported and 5,295 have been confirmed in five states, most of them in Illinois, according to Jeremy Margolis, the acting Illinois public health director. At least nine deaths have been linked to the outbreak. The other states affected by the outbreak are Indiana, Iowa, Michigan and Wisconsin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International+in+the+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Salmonella+Outbreak+is+Traced&rft.date=1985-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F04%2F17%2Fgarden%2Fsalmonella-outbreak-is-traced.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/12/health/policy/12peanut.html">"Peanut Company Sent Products Before Test Results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. February 11, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424150140/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/12/health/policy/12peanut.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-04-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-09</span></span>. <q>It has also led to one of the largest food recalls in the nation's history ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Peanut+Company+Sent+Products+Before+Test+Results&rft.date=2009-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F02%2F12%2Fhealth%2Fpolicy%2F12peanut.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usnwr-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usnwr_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usnwr_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usnwr_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usnwr_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usnwr_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usnwr_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_O'Shea2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_O%27Shea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer O'Shea (page does not exist)">Jennifer O'Shea</a> (May 20, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018172932/http://health.usnews.com/usnews/health/articles/070520/28food.timeline.htm">"Timeline: Deaths and Illnesses Caused by Food Contamination"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://health.usnews.com/usnews/health/articles/070520/28food.timeline.htm">the original</a> on 2011-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-10</span></span>. <q>Prewashed, bagged spinach from Dole was contaminated with <i>E. coli</i>. At least 205 consumers fell ill; three died. Investigators traced the strain back to the field in California and said that in this instance, washing could not have removed the bacteria.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Deaths+and+Illnesses+Caused+by+Food+Contamination&rft.date=2007-05-20&rft.au=Jennifer+O%27Shea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhealth.usnews.com%2Fusnews%2Fhealth%2Farticles%2F070520%2F28food.timeline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecdc–efsa-2018-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecdc–efsa-2018_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/documents/22-02-2018-RRA-Listeria-Finland.pdf">"Multi-country outbreak of Listeria monocy togenes serogroup IVb, multi-locus sequence type 6, infections probably linked to frozen corn"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ecdc.europa.eu</i>. <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a>. 24 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324102239/https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/documents/22-02-2018-RRA-Listeria-Finland.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ecdc.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Multi-country+outbreak+of+Listeria+monocy+togenes+serogroup+IVb%2C+multi-locus+sequence+type+6%2C+infections+probably+linked+to+frozen+corn&rft.date=2018-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecdc.europa.eu%2Fsites%2Fportal%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2F22-02-2018-RRA-Listeria-Finland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHennessyHedbergSlutskerWhite1996" class="citation journal cs1">Hennessy, Thomas W.; Hedberg, Craig W.; Slutsker, Laurence; White, Karen E.; Besser-Wiek, John M.; Moen, Michael E.; Feldman, John; Coleman, William W.; Edmonson, Larry M. (1996-05-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2Fnejm199605163342001">"A National Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis Infections from Ice Cream"</a>. <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>334</b> (20): 1281–1286. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2Fnejm199605163342001">10.1056/nejm199605163342001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-4793">0028-4793</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8609944">8609944</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+National+Outbreak+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+Infections+from+Ice+Cream&rft.volume=334&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=1281-1286&rft.date=1996-05-16&rft.issn=0028-4793&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8609944&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2Fnejm199605163342001&rft.aulast=Hennessy&rft.aufirst=Thomas+W.&rft.au=Hedberg%2C+Craig+W.&rft.au=Slutsker%2C+Laurence&rft.au=White%2C+Karen+E.&rft.au=Besser-Wiek%2C+John+M.&rft.au=Moen%2C+Michael+E.&rft.au=Feldman%2C+John&rft.au=Coleman%2C+William+W.&rft.au=Edmonson%2C+Larry+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1056%252Fnejm199605163342001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-penn-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-penn_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-penn_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5247a5.htm">"Hepatitis A Outbreak Associated with Green Onions at a Restaurant – Monaca, Pennsylvania, 2003"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>. November 28, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615084813/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5247a5.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-08</span></span>. <q>The Pennsylvania Department of Health and CDC are investigating an outbreak of hepatitis A outbreak among patrons of a restaurant (Restaurant A) in Monaca, Pennsylvania. As of November 20, approximately 555 persons with hepatitis A have been identified, including at least 13 Restaurant A food service workers and 75 residents of six other states who dined at Restaurant A. Three persons have died. Preliminary sequence analysis of a 340 nucleotide region of viral RNA obtained from three patrons who had hepatitis A indicated that all three virus sequences were identical. Preliminary analysis of a case-control study implicated green onions as the source of the outbreak. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hepatitis+A+Outbreak+Associated+with+Green+Onions+at+a+Restaurant+%E2%80%93+Monaca%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+2003&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.date=2003-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2FmmwR%2Fpreview%2Fmmwrhtml%2Fmm5247a5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibby_Sander2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libby_Sander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libby Sander (page does not exist)">Libby Sander</a> (October 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/13/us/13spinach.html?scp=6&sq=E.%20coli%20spinach&st=cse">"Source of Deadly E. Coli Is Found"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501180929/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/13/us/13spinach.html?scp=6&sq=E.%20coli%20spinach&st=cse">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-10</span></span>. <q>Cattle manure collected from a California ranch under investigation by federal and state authorities contains the same strain of <i>E. coli</i> that killed three people and sickened nearly 200 in a recent outbreak linked to tainted spinach, federal and state food safety officials said Thursday. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Source+of+Deadly+E.+Coli+Is+Found&rft.date=2006-10-13&rft.au=Libby+Sander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F10%2F13%2Fus%2F13spinach.html%3Fscp%3D6%26sq%3DE.%2520coli%2520spinach%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/public-health-notices/2024/outbreak-listeria-infections-recalled-refrigerated-plant-based-beverages.html">"Public Health Notice: Outbreak of Listeria infections linked to recalled plant-based refrigerated beverages"</a>. August 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Health+Notice%3A+Outbreak+of+Listeria+infections+linked+to+recalled+plant-based+refrigerated+beverages&rft.date=2024-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fpublic-health%2Fservices%2Fpublic-health-notices%2F2024%2Foutbreak-listeria-infections-recalled-refrigerated-plant-based-beverages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VJBOAAAAIBAJ&pg=7129,4239012&dq=death+botulism&hl=en">"Deaths Spur Tuna Hunt In Detroit Area"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toledo_Blade" class="mw-redirect" title="Toledo Blade">Toledo Blade</a></i>. March 20, 1963. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222071933/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VJBOAAAAIBAJ&pg=7129,4239012&dq=death+botulism&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-10</span></span>. <q>Dr. Robert Solomon, who treated the second victim, said he and a pathologist attributed her death to "botulism" and that "everything points to type the ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toledo+Blade&rft.atitle=Deaths+Spur+Tuna+Hunt+In+Detroit+Area&rft.date=1963-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DVJBOAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7129%2C4239012%26dq%3Ddeath%2Bbotulism%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz2011" class="citation journal cs1">Horowitz, B Zane (2011). "The ripe olive scare and Hotel Loch Maree tragedy". <i>Clinical Toxicology</i>. <b>49</b> (4): 345–347. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F15563650.2011.571694">10.3109/15563650.2011.571694</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1556-3650">1556-3650</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21563914">21563914</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207562569">207562569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+ripe+olive+scare+and+Hotel+Loch+Maree+tragedy&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=345-347&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1556-3650&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207562569%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21563914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F15563650.2011.571694&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=B+Zane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vivant-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vivant_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vivant_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016235604/http://leda.law.harvard.edu/leda/data/729/Curatolo05.html">"An Examination of FDA's Recall Authority"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leda.law.harvard.edu/leda/data/729/Curatolo05.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-25</span></span>. <q>The incident did not take a toll only on the company, however. Bon Vivant did not have adequate records and controls of production lots and distribution in order to trace the products quickly. The company also did not have the finances or manpower necessary to run a successful recall program. As a result, the FDA had to seize all the Bon Vivant soup throughout the country, more than a million cans in all. FDA said the seizure occupied 125 man years of FDA time, enough for 2,000 ordinary factory inspections for preventive purposes. After some squabbling in the courts, where the owner of the company sought to recover the seized cans for resale under the company's new name, "Moore & Co.," the soup was eventually incinerated, at the cost of nearly $150,000 to the federal government. As for Moore & Co., it appears the resurrection of the company was short-lived.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+Examination+of+FDA%27s+Recall+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleda.law.harvard.edu%2Fleda%2Fdata%2F729%2FCuratolo05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fb-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fb_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=FB&p_theme=fb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAE8AA7075DF9F7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM">"Odwalla Agrees to Pay $1.5M Fine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Fresno_Bee" title="The Fresno Bee">The Fresno Bee</a>. July 24, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128070913/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=FB&p_theme=fb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAE8AA7075DF9F7&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-01-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-08</span></span>. <q>Representatives of juice maker Odwalla Inc. agreed in a Fresno courtroom Thursday to pay a record $1.5 million criminal penalty for the 1996 <i>E. coli</i> outbreak that killed a Colorado girl and sickened at least 66 other people. The Half Moon Bay company admitted to 16 misdemeanor charges as part of a plea agreement stemming from the outbreak traced to contaminated apple juice made at the firm's plant in Dinuba.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Odwalla+Agrees+to+Pay+%241.5M+Fine&rft.date=1998-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.newsbank.com%2Fnl-search%2Fwe%2FArchives%3Fp_product%3DFB%26p_theme%3Dfb%26p_action%3Dsearch%26p_maxdocs%3D200%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_text_direct-0%3D0EAE8AA7075DF9F7%26p_field_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%26p_perpage%3D10%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD%26s_trackval%3DGooglePM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deadly-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-deadly_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-deadly_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Drew_and_Pam_Belluck1988" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Drew_(reporter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Drew (reporter)">Christopher Drew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pam_Belluck" title="Pam Belluck">Pam Belluck</a> (January 4, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/04/us/deadly-bacteria-a-new-threat-to-fruit-and-produce-in-us.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">"Deadly Bacteria a New Threat To Fruit and Produce in U.S."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151225162717/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/04/us/deadly-bacteria-a-new-threat-to-fruit-and-produce-in-us.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-11</span></span>. <q>Interviews with former Odwalla managers and company documents show that in the weeks before the outbreak, Odwalla began relaxing its standards on accepting blemished fruit and reining in the authority of its own safety officials, culminating in tense, dramatic moments on the morning of Oct. 7, 1996, the day the contaminated juice was pressed. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Deadly+Bacteria+a+New+Threat+To+Fruit+and+Produce+in+U.S.&rft.date=1988-01-04&rft.au=Christopher+Drew+and+Pam+Belluck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F01%2F04%2Fus%2Fdeadly-bacteria-a-new-threat-to-fruit-and-produce-in-us.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wrong-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wrong_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wrong_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wrong_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wrong_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/south_east/6983113.stm">"E.coli butcher jailed for a year. A butcher has been jailed for a year for food safety offences which led to a fatal E.coli outbreak in 2005"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 7 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101128084646/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/south_east/6983113.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-07</span></span>. <q>Mr Walters said one vacuum-packing machine was "wrongly used" for both raw and cooked meats. "It was not uncommon for juices from raw meat to get into the vacpacker. "There was blood on the trays and workers were having to wipe it off while they were packing cooked meat. "One employee said he was told by Tudor not to use the vacpacker for cooked meat whenever food inspectors were visiting."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=E.coli+butcher+jailed+for+a+year.+A+butcher+has+been+jailed+for+a+year+for+food+safety+offences+which+led+to+a+fatal+E.coli+outbreak+in+2005&rft.date=2007-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fwales%2Fsouth_east%2F6983113.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2017/09/officials-misuse-of-cheese-dispenser-caused-botulism-outbreak/">"Officials: Misuse of cheese, dispenser caused botulism outbreak"</a>. Food Safety News. September 13, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208233753/https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2017/09/officials-misuse-of-cheese-dispenser-caused-botulism-outbreak/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-18</span></span>. <q>Ten people were lab-confirmed victims of the outbreak. All required hospitalization. One person, a 37-year-old father of two, died. Nine of the victims had to spend time in intensive care units. Seven of the ICU patients had to be placed on ventilators because the botulism poisoning paralyzed muscles that are used for breathing. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Officials%3A+Misuse+of+cheese%2C+dispenser+caused+botulism+outbreak&rft.pub=Food+Safety+News&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodsafetynews.com%2F2017%2F09%2Fofficials-misuse-of-cheese-dispenser-caused-botulism-outbreak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/02/world/a-long-trial-in-spain-on-fatal-tainted-food.html">"A Long Trial in Spain on Fatal Tainted Food"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. August 2, 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213003245/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/02/world/a-long-trial-in-spain-on-fatal-tainted-food.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-10</span></span>. <q>According to official figures, still disputed, more than 600 people have died and some 25,000 have been affected. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Long+Trial+in+Spain+on+Fatal+Tainted+Food&rft.date=1987-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F08%2F02%2Fworld%2Fa-long-trial-in-spain-on-fatal-tainted-food.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDakeishiMurataGrandjean2006" class="citation journal cs1">Dakeishi, Miwako; Murata, Katsuyuki; Grandjean, Philippe (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1635412">"Long-term consequences of arsenic poisoning during infancy due to contaminated milk powder"</a>. <i>Environmental Health</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 31. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006EnvHe...5...31D">2006EnvHe...5...31D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1476-069X-5-31">10.1186/1476-069X-5-31</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-069X">1476-069X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1635412">1635412</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17076881">17076881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Long-term+consequences+of+arsenic+poisoning+during+infancy+due+to+contaminated+milk+powder&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1635412%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006EnvHe...5...31D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17076881&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1476-069X-5-31&rft.issn=1476-069X&rft.aulast=Dakeishi&rft.aufirst=Miwako&rft.au=Murata%2C+Katsuyuki&rft.au=Grandjean%2C+Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1635412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu35ie/uu35ie09.htm">"Chapter - 3 The arsenic milk poisoning incident"</a>. <i>archive.unu.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808200347/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu35ie/uu35ie09.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.unu.edu&rft.atitle=Chapter+-+3+The+arsenic+milk+poisoning+incident&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.unu.edu%2Funupress%2Funupbooks%2Fuu35ie%2Fuu35ie09.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2005/03/15/270426/doh-bohol-poisoning-due-pesticide-not-cyanide">"DOH: Bohol poisoning due to pesticide, not cyanide"</a>. Philstar.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407164544/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2005/03/15/270426/doh-bohol-poisoning-due-pesticide-not-cyanide">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOH%3A+Bohol+poisoning+due+to+pesticide%2C+not+cyanide&rft.pub=Philstar.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2005%2F03%2F15%2F270426%2Fdoh-bohol-poisoning-due-pesticide-not-cyanide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+foodborne+illness+outbreaks+by+death+toll" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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food safety"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Consumer_food_safety" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Consumer food safety"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Consumer_food_safety" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">Consumer food safety</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adulterant" title="Adulterant">Adulterants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_contaminant" title="Food contaminant">food contaminants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-MCPD" title="3-MCPD">3-MCPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldicarb" title="Aldicarb">Aldicarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antibiotic_use_in_livestock" title="Antibiotic use in livestock">Antibiotic use in livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">Cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">Formaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGH_controversies" title="HGH controversies">HGH controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning" title="Lead poisoning">Lead poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melamine" title="Melamine">Melamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_in_fish" title="Mercury in fish">Mercury in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_I" title="Sudan I">Sudan I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">Food additives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavoring" title="Flavoring">Flavorings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate" title="Monosodium glutamate">Monosodium glutamate (MSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">High-fructose corn syrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seed_oil_misinformation" title="Seed oil misinformation">controversy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_parasite_infection" title="Intestinal parasite infection">Intestinal parasites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_disease" title="Parasitic disease">parasitic disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amoebiasis" title="Amoebiasis">Amoebiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisakiasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisakiasis">Anisakiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptosporidiosis" title="Cryptosporidiosis">Cryptosporidiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosporiasis" title="Cyclosporiasis">Cyclosporiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphyllobothriasis" title="Diphyllobothriasis">Diphyllobothriasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinworm_infection" title="Pinworm infection">Enterobiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasciolopsiasis" title="Fasciolopsiasis">Fasciolopsiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasciolosis" title="Fasciolosis">Fasciolosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giardiasis" title="Giardiasis">Giardiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnathostomiasis" title="Gnathostomiasis">Gnathostomiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paragonimiasis" title="Paragonimiasis">Paragonimiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxocariasis" title="Toxocariasis">Toxocariasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">Toxoplasmosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichinosis" title="Trichinosis">Trichinosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichuriasis" title="Trichuriasis">Trichuriasis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">Microorganisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botulism" title="Botulism">Botulism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campylobacter_jejuni" title="Campylobacter jejuni">Campylobacter jejuni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_perfringens" title="Clostridium perfringens">Clostridium perfringens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cronobacter" title="Cronobacter">Cronobacter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enterovirus" title="Enterovirus">Enterovirus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli_O104:H4" title="Escherichia coli O104:H4"><i>Escherichia coli</i> O104:H4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli_O157:H7" title="Escherichia coli O157:H7"><i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_A" title="Hepatitis A">Hepatitis A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_E" title="Hepatitis E">Hepatitis E</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Listeria" title="Listeria">Listeria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norovirus" title="Norovirus">Norovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotavirus" title="Rotavirus">Rotavirus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatoxigenic_and_verotoxigenic_Escherichia_coli" title="Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli">Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic <i>E. coli</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae" title="Vibrio cholerae">Vibrio cholerae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">Pesticides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpyrifos" title="Chlorpyrifos">Chlorpyrifos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindane" title="Lindane">Lindane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malathion" title="Malathion">Malathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamidophos" title="Methamidophos">Methamidophos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Preservative" title="Preservative">Preservatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoic_acid" title="Benzoic acid">Benzoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid" title="Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid">Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_benzoate" title="Sodium benzoate">Sodium benzoate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sugar_substitute" title="Sugar substitute">Sugar substitutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acesulfame_potassium" title="Acesulfame potassium">Acesulfame potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspartame" title="Aspartame">Aspartame</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspartame_controversy" title="Aspartame controversy">controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccharin" title="Saccharin">Saccharin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_cyclamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium cyclamate">Sodium cyclamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbitol" title="Sorbitol">Sorbitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucralose" title="Sucralose">Sucralose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">Toxins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poison" title="Poison">poisons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">environment pollution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aflatoxin" title="Aflatoxin">Aflatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_contamination_of_groundwater" title="Arsenic contamination of groundwater">Arsenic contamination of groundwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzene_in_soft_drinks" title="Benzene in soft drinks">Benzene in soft drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">Bisphenol A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieldrin" title="Dieldrin">Dieldrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol" title="Diethylstilbestrol">Diethylstilbestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxin" title="Dioxin">Dioxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycotoxin" title="Mycotoxin">Mycotoxins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonylphenol" title="Nonylphenol">Nonylphenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellfish_poisoning" title="Shellfish poisoning">Shellfish poisoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Food_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Food fraud">Food fraud</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread fraud">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_milk_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Breast milk fraud">Breast milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg fraud">Egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive oil fraud">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prawn_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Prawn fraud">Prawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Seafood fraud">Seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrimp fraud">Shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea fraud">Tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">Food processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxynonenal" title="4-Hydroxynonenal">4-Hydroxynonenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid-hydrolyzed_vegetable_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein">Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrylamide" title="Acrylamide">Acrylamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_additives" title="List of food additives">Food additives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_irradiation" title="Food irradiation">Food irradiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterocyclic_amine" title="Heterocyclic amine">Heterocyclic amines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_starch" title="Modified starch">Modified starch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrosamine" title="Nitrosamine">Nitrosamines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon" title="Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon">Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortening" title="Shortening">Shortening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">Trans fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_Creutzfeldt%E2%80%93Jakob_disease" title="Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease">Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" title="Water fluoridation controversy">Water fluoridation controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_contamination_incidents" title="List of food contamination incidents">Food contamination incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devon_colic" title="Devon colic">Devon colic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swill_milk_scandal" title="Swill milk scandal">Swill milk scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esing_Bakery_incident" title="Esing Bakery incident">Esing Bakery incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1858_Bradford_sweets_poisoning" title="1858 Bradford sweets poisoning">1858 Bradford sweets poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_English_beer_poisoning" title="1900 English beer poisoning">1900 English beer poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morinaga_Milk_arsenic_poisoning_incident" title="Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident">Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minamata_disease" title="Minamata disease">Minamata disease</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moroccan_oil_poisoning_disaster_1959&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959 (page does not exist)">Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_1959" class="extiw" title="ar:كارثة الزيوت المسمومة في المغرب 1959">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Iraq_poison_grain_disaster" title="1971 Iraq poison grain disaster">1971 Iraq poison grain disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_oil_syndrome" title="Toxic oil syndrome">Toxic oil syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Austrian_diethylene_glycol_wine_scandal" title="1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal">1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_BSE_outbreak" title="United Kingdom BSE outbreak">United Kingdom BSE outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_meat_substitution_scandal" title="Australian meat substitution scandal">Australian meat substitution scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Jack_in_the_Box_E._coli_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="1993 Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak">Jack in the Box <i>E. coli</i> outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Odwalla_E._coli_outbreak" title="1996 Odwalla E. coli outbreak">1996 Odwalla <i>E. coli</i> outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_North_American_E._coli_O157:H7_outbreaks" title="2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks">2006 North American <i>E. coli</i> outbreaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICA_meat_repackaging_controversy" title="ICA meat repackaging controversy">ICA meat repackaging controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Canada_listeriosis_outbreak" title="2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak">2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandal" title="2008 Chinese milk scandal">2008 Chinese milk scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Irish_pork_crisis" title="2008 Irish pork crisis">2008 Irish pork crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_salmonellosis_outbreak" title="2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak">2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Germany_E._coli_O104:H4_outbreak" title="2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak">2011 Germany <i>E. coli</i> outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_listeriosis_outbreak" title="2011 United States listeriosis outbreak">2011 United States listeriosis outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_school_meal_poisoning_incident" title="Bihar school meal poisoning incident">Bihar school meal poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_horse_meat_scandal" title="2013 horse meat scandal">2013 horse meat scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_funeral_beer_poisoning" title="Mozambique funeral beer poisoning">2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weak_Meat" title="Operation Weak Meat">2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_South_African_listeriosis_outbreak" title="2017–2018 South African listeriosis outbreak">2017–2018 South African listeriosis outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Australian_strawberry_contamination" title="2018 Australian strawberry contamination">2018 Australian strawberry contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_Shigatoxigenic_E._coli_outbreak" title="2024 United Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak">2024 United Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobayashi_red_yeast_rice_scandal" title="Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal">Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_China" title="Food safety incidents in China">Food safety incidents in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_Taiwan" title="Food safety incidents in Taiwan">Food safety incidents in Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foodborne_illness" title="Foodborne illness">Foodborne illness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foodborne_illness_outbreaks" title="List of foodborne illness outbreaks">outbreaks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">death toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foodborne_illness_outbreaks_in_the_United_States" title="List of foodborne illness outbreaks in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">standards</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_food_safety_organisations" title="List of food safety organisations">watchdogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acceptable_daily_intake" title="Acceptable daily intake">Acceptable daily intake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number">E number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_labeling_regulations" title="List of food labeling regulations">Food labeling regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_libel_laws" title="Food libel laws">Food libel laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_Australia" title="Food safety in Australia">Food safety in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Food_Safety_Network" title="International Food Safety Network">International Food Safety Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">ISO 22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrition_facts_label" title="Nutrition facts label">Nutrition facts label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_certification" title="Organic certification">Organic certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Assurance_International" title="Quality Assurance International">Quality Assurance International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_food_information_regulations" title="United Kingdom food information regulations">United Kingdom food information regulations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_safety_organisations" title="List of food safety organisations">Institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Food_Safety" title="Centre for Food Safety">Centre for Food Safety</a> (Hong Kong)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority">European Food Safety Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Information_and_Control_Agency" title="Food Information and Control Agency">Food Information and Control Agency</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Standards_Agency" title="Food Standards Agency">Food Standards Agency</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Food_Safety_and_Health" title="Institute for Food Safety and Health">Institute for Food Safety and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Food_Safety_Network" title="International Food Safety Network">International Food Safety Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_and_Drug_Safety" title="Ministry of Food and Drug Safety">Ministry of Food and Drug Safety</a> (South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agency_for_Food_Safety_and_Nutrition" title="Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition">Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">Curing (food preservation)</a></li> <li><a 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