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localization</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: indoor localization"> <meta name="keywords" content="indoor localization"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="indoor localization"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 844</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: indoor localization</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">844</span> Visual Search Based Indoor Localization in Low Light via RGB-D Camera</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yali%20Zheng">Yali Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peipei%20Luo"> Peipei Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinan%20Chen"> Shinan Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiasheng%20Hao"> Jiasheng Hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Cheng"> Hong Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of traditional visual indoor navigation algorithms and methods only consider the localization in ordinary daytime, while we focus on the indoor re-localization in low light in the paper. As RGB images are degraded in low light, less discriminative infrared and depth image pairs are taken, as the input, by RGB-D cameras, the most similar candidates, as the output, are searched from databases which is built in the bag-of-word framework. Epipolar constraints can be used to relocalize the query infrared and depth image sequence. We evaluate our method in two datasets captured by Kinect2. The results demonstrate very promising re-localization results for indoor navigation system in low light environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20navigation" title="indoor navigation">indoor navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20light" title=" low light"> low light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RGB-D%20camera" title=" RGB-D camera"> RGB-D camera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vision%20based" title=" vision based"> vision based</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66057/visual-search-based-indoor-localization-in-low-light-via-rgb-d-camera" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">843</span> Enhanced Weighted Centroid Localization Algorithm for Indoor Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Ni%C5%BEeti%C4%87%20Kosovi%C4%87">I. Nižetić Kosović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Jagu%C5%A1t"> T. Jagušt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lately, with the increasing number of location-based applications, demand for highly accurate and reliable indoor localization became urgent. This is a challenging problem, due to the measurement variance which is the consequence of various factors like obstacles, equipment properties and environmental changes in complex nature of indoor environments. In this paper we propose low-cost custom-setup infrastructure solution and localization algorithm based on the Weighted Centroid Localization (WCL) method. Localization accuracy is increased by several enhancements: calibration of RSSI values gained from wireless nodes, repetitive measurements of RSSI to exclude deviating values from the position estimation, and by considering orientation of the device according to the wireless nodes. We conducted several experiments to evaluate the proposed algorithm. High accuracy of ~1m was achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20environment" title="indoor environment">indoor environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=received%20signal%20strength%20indicator" title=" received signal strength indicator"> received signal strength indicator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20centroid%20localization" title=" weighted centroid localization"> weighted centroid localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20localization" title=" wireless localization"> wireless localization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11878/enhanced-weighted-centroid-localization-algorithm-for-indoor-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">842</span> Indoor Localization by Pattern Matching Method Based on Extended Database</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyumin%20Hwang">Gyumin Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihong%20Lee"> Jihong Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studied the CSS-based indoor localization system which is easy to implement, inexpensive to compose the systems, additionally CSS-based indoor localization system covers larger area than other system. However, this system has problem which is affected by reflected distance data. This problem in localization is caused by the multi-path effect. Error caused by multi-path is difficult to be corrected because the indoor environment cannot be described. In this paper, in order to solve the problem by multi-path, we have supplemented the localization system by using pattern matching method based on extended database. Thereby, this method improves precision of estimated. Also this method is verified by experiments in gymnasium. Database was constructed by 1 m intervals, and 16 sample data were collected from random position inside the region of DB points. As a result, this paper shows higher accuracy than existing method through graph and table. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chirp%20spread%20spectrum" title="chirp spread spectrum">chirp spread spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20localization" title=" indoor localization"> indoor localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern-matching" title=" pattern-matching"> pattern-matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20of%20arrival" title=" time of arrival"> time of arrival</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-path" title=" multi-path"> multi-path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mahalanobis%20distance" title=" mahalanobis distance"> mahalanobis distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reception%20rate" title=" reception rate"> reception rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneous%20localization%20and%20mapping" title=" simultaneous localization and mapping"> simultaneous localization and mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20range%20finder" title=" laser range finder"> laser range finder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4353/indoor-localization-by-pattern-matching-method-based-on-extended-database" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">841</span> Room Level Indoor Localization Using Relevant Channel Impulse Response Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raida%20Zouari">Raida Zouari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iness%20Ahriz"> Iness Ahriz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafik%20Zayani"> Rafik Zayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Dziri"> Ali Dziri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ridha%20Bouallegue"> Ridha Bouallegue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a room level indoor localization algorithm based on the use Multi-Layer Neural Network (MLNN) classifiers and one versus one strategy. Seven parameters of the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) were used and Gram-Shmidt Orthogonalization was performed to study the relevance of the extracted parameters. Simulation results show that when relevant CIR parameters are used as position fingerprint and when optimal MLNN architecture is selected good room level localization score can be achieved. The current study showed also that some of the CIR parameters are not correlated to the location and can decrease the localization performance of the system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20indoor%20localization" title="mobile indoor localization">mobile indoor localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layer%20neural%20network%20%28MLNN%29" title=" multi-layer neural network (MLNN)"> multi-layer neural network (MLNN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20impulse%20response%20%28CIR%29" title=" channel impulse response (CIR)"> channel impulse response (CIR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gram-Shmidt%20orthogonalization" title=" Gram-Shmidt orthogonalization"> Gram-Shmidt orthogonalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40068/room-level-indoor-localization-using-relevant-channel-impulse-response-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">840</span> Three Tier Indoor Localization System for Digital Forensics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennis%20L.%20Owuor">Dennis L. Owuor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okuthe%20P.%20Kogeda"> Okuthe P. Kogeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnson%20I.%20Agbinya"> Johnson I. Agbinya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile localization has attracted a great deal of attention recently due to the introduction of wireless networks. Although several localization algorithms and systems have been implemented and discussed in the literature, very few researchers have exploited the gap that exists between indoor localization, tracking, external storage of location information and outdoor localization for the purpose of digital forensics during and after a disaster. The contribution of this paper lies in the implementation of a robust system that is capable of locating, tracking mobile device users and store location information for both indoor and partially outdoor the cloud. The system can be used during disaster to track and locate mobile phone users. The developed system is a mobile application built based on Android, Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript and MATLAB for the Android mobile users. Using Waterfall model of software development, we have implemented a three level system that is able to track, locate and store mobile device information in secure database (cloud) on almost a real time basis. The outcome of the study showed that the developed system is efficient with regard to the tracking and locating mobile devices. The system is also flexible, i.e. can be used in any building with fewer adjustments. Finally, the system is accurate for both indoor and outdoor in terms of locating and tracking mobile devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20localization" title="indoor localization">indoor localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20forensics" title=" digital forensics"> digital forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fingerprinting" title=" fingerprinting"> fingerprinting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracking%20and%20cloud" title=" tracking and cloud"> tracking and cloud</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65789/three-tier-indoor-localization-system-for-digital-forensics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">839</span> Tape-Shaped Multiscale Fiducial Marker: A Design Prototype for Indoor Localization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcell%20Serra%20de%20Almeida%20Martins">Marcell Serra de Almeida Martins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedito%20de%20Souza%20Ribeiro%20Neto"> Benedito de Souza Ribeiro Neto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerson%20Lima%20Serejo"> Gerson Lima Serejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Gustavo%20Resque%20Dos%20Santos"> Carlos Gustavo Resque Dos Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor positioning systems use sensors such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi, as well as cameras for image capture, which can be fixed or mobile. These computer vision-based positioning approaches are low-cost to implement, mainly when it uses a mobile camera. The present study aims to create a design of a fiducial marker for a low-cost indoor localization system. The marker is tape-shaped to perform a continuous reading employing two detection algorithms, one for greater distances and another for smaller distances. Therefore, the location service is always operational, even with variations in capture distance. A minimal localization and reading algorithm were implemented for the proposed marker design, aiming to validate it. The accuracy tests consider readings varying the capture distance between [0.5, 10] meters, comparing the proposed marker with others. The tests showed that the proposed marker has a broader capture range than the ArUco and QRCode, maintaining the same size. Therefore, reducing the visual pollution and maximizing the tracking since the ambient can be covered entirely. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiscale%20recognition" title="multiscale recognition">multiscale recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20localization" title=" indoor localization"> indoor localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tape-shaped%20marker" title=" tape-shaped marker"> tape-shaped marker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiducial%20marker" title=" fiducial marker"> fiducial marker</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163542/tape-shaped-multiscale-fiducial-marker-a-design-prototype-for-indoor-localization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">838</span> An Enhanced Floor Estimation Algorithm for Indoor Wireless Localization Systems Using Confidence Interval Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kriangkrai%20Maneerat">Kriangkrai Maneerat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chutima%20Prommak"> Chutima Prommak </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor wireless localization systems have played an important role to enhance context-aware services. Determining the position of mobile objects in complex indoor environments, such as those in multi-floor buildings, is very challenging problems. This paper presents an effective floor estimation algorithm, which can accurately determine the floor where mobile objects located. The proposed algorithm is based on the confidence interval of the summation of online Received Signal Strength (RSS) obtained from the IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with those of other floor estimation algorithms in literature by conducting a real implementation of WSN in our facility. The experimental results and analysis showed that the proposed floor estimation algorithm outperformed the other algorithms and provided highest percentage of floor accuracy up to 100% with 95-percent confidence interval. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floor%20estimation%20algorithm" title="floor estimation algorithm">floor estimation algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floor%20determination" title=" floor determination"> floor determination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-floor%20building" title=" multi-floor building"> multi-floor building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20wireless%20systems" title=" indoor wireless systems"> indoor wireless systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9832/an-enhanced-floor-estimation-algorithm-for-indoor-wireless-localization-systems-using-confidence-interval-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">837</span> A Fast Calculation Approach for Position Identification in a Distance Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawei%20Cai">Dawei Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuya%20Tokuda"> Yuya Tokuda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The market of localization based service (LBS) is expanding. The acquisition of physical location is the fundamental basis for LBS. GPS, the de facto standard for outdoor localization, does not work well in indoor environment due to the blocking of signals by walls and ceiling. To acquire high accurate localization in an indoor environment, many techniques have been developed. Triangulation approach is often used for identifying the location, but a heavy and complex computation is necessary to calculate the location of the distances between the object and several source points. This computation is also time and power consumption, and not favorable to a mobile device that needs a long action life with battery. To provide a low power consumption approach for a mobile device, this paper presents a fast calculation approach to identify the location of the object without online solving solutions to simultaneous quadratic equations. In our approach, we divide the location identification into two parts, one is offline, and other is online. In offline mode, we make a mapping process that maps the location area to distance space and find a simple formula that can be used to identify the location of the object online with very light computation. The characteristic of the approach is a good tradeoff between the accuracy and computational amount. Therefore, this approach can be used in smartphone and other mobile devices that need a long work time. To show the performance, some simulation experimental results are provided also in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20localization" title="indoor localization">indoor localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=location%20based%20service" title=" location based service"> location based service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triangulation" title=" triangulation"> triangulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20calculation" title=" fast calculation"> fast calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20device" title=" mobile device"> mobile device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86046/a-fast-calculation-approach-for-position-identification-in-a-distance-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">836</span> Improving Human Hand Localization in Indoor Environment by Using Frequency Domain Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wipassorn%20Vinicchayakul">Wipassorn Vinicchayakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pichaya%20Supanakoon"> Pichaya Supanakoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sathaporn%20Promwong"> Sathaporn Promwong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A human’s hand localization is revised by using radar cross section (RCS) measurements with a minimum root mean square (RMS) error matching algorithm on a touchless keypad mock-up model. RCS and frequency transfer function measurements are carried out in an indoor environment on the frequency ranged from 3.0 to 11.0 GHz to cover federal communications commission (FCC) standards. The touchless keypad model is tested in two different distances between the hand and the keypad. The initial distance of 19.50 cm is identical to the heights of transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) antennas, while the second distance is 29.50 cm from the keypad. Moreover, the effects of Rx angles relative to the hand of human factor are considered. The RCS input parameters are compared with power loss parameters at each frequency. From the results, the performance of the RCS input parameters with the second distance, 29.50 cm at 3 GHz is better than the others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radar%20cross%20section" title="radar cross section">radar cross section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fingerprint-based%20localization" title=" fingerprint-based localization"> fingerprint-based localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20root%20mean%20square%20%28RMS%29%20error%20matching%20algorithm" title=" minimum root mean square (RMS) error matching algorithm"> minimum root mean square (RMS) error matching algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=touchless%20keypad%20model" title=" touchless keypad model"> touchless keypad model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43429/improving-human-hand-localization-in-indoor-environment-by-using-frequency-domain-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">835</span> Robot Operating System-Based SLAM for a Gazebo-Simulated Turtlebot2 in 2d Indoor Environment with Cartographer Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilayat%20Ali">Wilayat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Sheng"> Li Sheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Ahmed"> Waleed Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ability of the robot to make simultaneously map of the environment and localize itself with respect to that environment is the most important element of mobile robots. To solve SLAM many algorithms could be utilized to build up the SLAM process and SLAM is a developing area in Robotics research. Robot Operating System (ROS) is one of the frameworks which provide multiple algorithm nodes to work with and provide a transmission layer to robots. Manyof these algorithms extensively in use are Hector SLAM, Gmapping and Cartographer SLAM. This paper describes a ROS-based Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) library Google Cartographer mapping, which is open-source algorithm. The algorithm was applied to create a map using laser and pose data from 2d Lidar that was placed on a mobile robot. The model robot uses the gazebo package and simulated in Rviz. Our research work's primary goal is to obtain mapping through Cartographer SLAM algorithm in a static indoor environment. From our research, it is shown that for indoor environments cartographer is an applicable algorithm to generate 2d maps with LIDAR placed on mobile robot because it uses both odometry and poses estimation. The algorithm has been evaluated and maps are constructed against the SLAM algorithms presented by Turtlebot2 in the static indoor environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLAM" title="SLAM">SLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROS" title=" ROS"> ROS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=navigation" title=" navigation"> navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization%20and%20mapping" title=" localization and mapping"> localization and mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gazebo" title=" gazebo"> gazebo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rviz" title=" Rviz"> Rviz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turtlebot2" title=" Turtlebot2"> Turtlebot2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slam%20algorithms" title=" slam algorithms"> slam algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2d%20indoor%20environment" title=" 2d indoor environment"> 2d indoor environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cartographer" title=" cartographer"> cartographer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133435/robot-operating-system-based-slam-for-a-gazebo-simulated-turtlebot2-in-2d-indoor-environment-with-cartographer-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">834</span> A Diagnostic Comparative Analysis of on Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Models for Indoor and Outdoor Route Planning and Obstacle Avoidance </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Esmail%20Seyedi%20Bariran">Seyed Esmail Seyedi Bariran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairul%20Salleh%20Mohamed%20Sahari"> Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In robotics literature, the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is commonly associated with a priori-posteriori problem. The autonomous vehicle needs a neutral map to spontaneously track its local position, i.e., “localization” while at the same time a precise path estimation of the environment state is required for effective route planning and obstacle avoidance. On the other hand, the environmental noise factors can significantly intensify the inherent uncertainties in using odometry information and measurements obtained from the robot’s exteroceptive sensor which in return directly affect the overall performance of the corresponding SLAM. Therefore, the current work is primarily dedicated to provide a diagnostic analysis of six SLAM algorithms including FastSLAM, L-SLAM, GraphSLAM, Grid SLAM and DP-SLAM. A SLAM simulated environment consisting of two sets of landmark locations and robot waypoints was set based on modified EKF and UKF in MATLAB using two separate maps for indoor and outdoor route planning subject to natural and artificial obstacles. The simulation results are expected to provide an unbiased platform to compare the estimation performances of the five SLAM models as well as on the reliability of each SLAM model for indoor and outdoor applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=route%20planning" title="route planning">route planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstacle" title=" obstacle"> obstacle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation%20performance" title=" estimation performance"> estimation performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FastSLAM" title=" FastSLAM"> FastSLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-SLAM" title=" L-SLAM"> L-SLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GraphSLAM" title=" GraphSLAM"> GraphSLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grid%20SLAM" title=" Grid SLAM"> Grid SLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DP-SLAM" title=" DP-SLAM"> DP-SLAM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13160/a-diagnostic-comparative-analysis-of-on-simultaneous-localization-and-mapping-slam-models-for-indoor-and-outdoor-route-planning-and-obstacle-avoidance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">833</span> An Indoor Guidance System Combining Near Field Communication and Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rung-Shiang%20Cheng">Rung-Shiang Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Jun%20Hong"> Wei-Jun Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jheng-Syun%20Wang"> Jheng-Syun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kawuu%20W.%20Lin"> Kawuu W. Lin </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Users rely increasingly on Location-Based Services (LBS) and automated navigation/guidance systems nowadays. However, while such services are easily implemented in outdoor environments using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, a requirement still exists for accurate localization and guidance schemes in indoor settings. Accordingly, the present study presents a methodology based on GPS, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons, and Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. Through establishing graphic information and the design of algorithm, this study develops a guidance system for indoor and outdoor on smartphones, with aim to provide users a smart life through this system. The presented system is implemented on a smartphone and evaluated on a student campus environment. The experimental results confirm the ability of the presented app to switch automatically from an outdoor mode to an indoor mode and to guide the user to the requested target destination via the shortest possible route. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beacon" title="beacon">beacon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor" title=" indoor"> indoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLE" title=" BLE"> BLE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dijkstra%20algorithm" title=" Dijkstra algorithm"> Dijkstra algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49106/an-indoor-guidance-system-combining-near-field-communication-and-bluetooth-low-energy-beacon-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">832</span> Depth Camera Aided Dead-Reckoning Localization of Autonomous Mobile Robots in Unstructured GNSS-Denied Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20L.%20Olson">David L. Olson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20B.%20H.%20Bruder"> Stephen B. H. Bruder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20S.%20Watkins"> Adam S. Watkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cleon%20E.%20Davis"> Cleon E. Davis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), denied settings such as indoor environments, autonomous mobile robots are often limited to dead-reckoning navigation techniques to determine their position, velocity, and attitude (PVA). Localization is typically accomplished by employing an inertial measurement unit (IMU), which, while precise in nature, accumulates errors rapidly and severely degrades the localization solution. Standard sensor fusion methods, such as Kalman filtering, aim to fuse precise IMU measurements with accurate aiding sensors to establish a precise and accurate solution. In indoor environments, where GNSS and no other a priori information is known about the environment, effective sensor fusion is difficult to achieve, as accurate aiding sensor choices are sparse. However, an opportunity arises by employing a depth camera in the indoor environment. A depth camera can capture point clouds of the surrounding floors and walls. Extracting attitude from these surfaces can serve as an accurate aiding source, which directly combats errors that arise due to gyroscope imperfections. This configuration for sensor fusion leads to a dramatic reduction of PVA error compared to traditional aiding sensor configurations. This paper provides the theoretical basis for the depth camera aiding sensor method, initial expectations of performance benefit via simulation, and hardware implementation, thus verifying its veracity. Hardware implementation is performed on the Quanser Qbot 2™ mobile robot, with a Vector-Nav VN-200™ IMU and Kinect™ camera from Microsoft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20mobile%20robotics" title="autonomous mobile robotics">autonomous mobile robotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dead%20reckoning" title=" dead reckoning"> dead reckoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth%20camera" title=" depth camera"> depth camera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20navigation" title=" inertial navigation"> inertial navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filtering" title=" Kalman filtering"> Kalman filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20fusion" title=" sensor fusion"> sensor fusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134870/depth-camera-aided-dead-reckoning-localization-of-autonomous-mobile-robots-in-unstructured-gnss-denied-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">831</span> Adaptive Anchor Weighting for Improved Localization with Levenberg-Marquardt Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basak%20Can">Basak Can</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces an iterative and weighted localization method that utilizes a unique cost function formulation to significantly enhance the performance of positioning systems. The system employs locators, such as Gateways (GWs), to estimate and track the position of an End Node (EN). Performance is evaluated relative to the number of locators, with known locations determined through calibration. Performance evaluation is presented utilizing low cost single-antenna Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices. The proposed approach can be applied to alternative Internet of Things (IoT) modulation schemes, as well as Ultra WideBand (UWB) or millimeter-wave (mmWave) based devices. In non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, using four or eight locators yields a 95th percentile localization performance of 2.2 meters and 1.5 meters, respectively, in a 4,305 square feet indoor area with BLE 5.1 devices. This method outperforms conventional RSSI-based techniques, achieving a 51% improvement with four locators and a 52 % improvement with eight locators. Future work involves modeling interference impact and implementing data curation across multiple channels to mitigate such effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateration" title="lateration">lateration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20squares" title=" least squares"> least squares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levenberg-Marquardt%20algorithm" title=" Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm"> Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path-loss" title=" path-loss"> path-loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RMS%20error" title=" RMS error"> RMS error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSSI" title=" RSSI"> RSSI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shadow%20fading" title=" shadow fading"> shadow fading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20localization" title=" weighted localization"> weighted localization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190165/adaptive-anchor-weighting-for-improved-localization-with-levenberg-marquardt-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">830</span> Constrained RGBD SLAM with a Prior Knowledge of the Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathia%20Melbouci">Kathia Melbouci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvie%20Naudet%20Collette"> Sylvie Naudet Collette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Gay-Bellile"> Vincent Gay-Bellile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Ait-Aider"> Omar Ait-Aider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Dhome"> Michel Dhome</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we handle the problem of real time localization and mapping in indoor environment assisted by a partial prior 3D model, using an RGBD sensor. The proposed solution relies on a feature-based RGBD SLAM algorithm to localize the camera and update the 3D map of the scene. To improve the accuracy and the robustness of the localization, we propose to combine in a local bundle adjustment process, geometric information provided by a prior coarse 3D model of the scene (e.g. generated from the 2D floor plan of the building) along with RGBD data from a Kinect camera. The proposed approach is evaluated on a public benchmark dataset as well as on real scene acquired by a Kinect sensor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLAM" title="SLAM">SLAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20localization" title=" global localization"> global localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20sensor" title=" 3D sensor"> 3D sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bundle%20adjustment" title=" bundle adjustment"> bundle adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20model" title=" 3D model"> 3D model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44987/constrained-rgbd-slam-with-a-prior-knowledge-of-the-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">829</span> Indoor and Outdoor Concentration of PM₁₀, PM₂.₅ and PM₁ in Residential Building and Evaluation of Negative Air Ions (NAIs) in Indoor PM Removal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Arfaeinia">Hossein Arfaeinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Nadali"> Azam Nadali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Asadgol"> Zahra Asadgol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Fahiminia"> Mohammad Fahiminia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor and outdoor particulate matters (PM) were monitored in 20 residential buildings in a two-part study. In part I, the levels of indoor and outdoor PM₁₀, PM₂.₅ and PM₁ was measured using real time GRIMM dust monitors. In part II, the effect of negative air ions (NAIs) method was investigated on the reduction of indoor concentration of PM in these residential buildings. Hourly average concentration and standard deviation (SD) of PM₁₀ in indoor and outdoor at residential buildings were 90.1 ± 33.5 and 63.5 ± 27.4 µg/ m3, respectively. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM₂.₅ in residential buildings were 49.5 ± 18.2 and 39.4± 18.1 µg/ m3 and for PM₁ the concentrations were 6.5 ± 10.1and 4.3 ± 7.7 µg/ m3, respectively. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios and concentrations of all size fractions of PM were strongly correlated with wind speed and temperature whereas a good relationship was not observed between humidity and I/O ratios of PM. We estimated that nearly 71.47 % of PM₁₀, 79.86 % of PM₂.₅ and of 61.25 % of PM₁ in indoor of residential buildings can be removed by negative air ions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20matter%20%28PM%29" title="particle matter (PM)">particle matter (PM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air" title=" indoor air"> indoor air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20air%20ions%20%28NAIs%29" title=" negative air ions (NAIs)"> negative air ions (NAIs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20building" title=" residential building"> residential building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76064/indoor-and-outdoor-concentration-of-pm10-pm25-and-pm1-in-residential-building-and-evaluation-of-negative-air-ions-nais-in-indoor-pm-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">828</span> Intelligent Indoor Localization Using WLAN Fingerprinting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gideon%20C.%20Joseph">Gideon C. Joseph</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ability to localize mobile devices is quite important, as some applications may require location information of these devices to operate or deliver better services to the users. Although there are several ways of acquiring location data of mobile devices, the WLAN fingerprinting approach has been considered in this work. This approach uses the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurement as a function of the position of the mobile device. RSSI is a quantitative technique of describing the radio frequency power carried by a signal. RSSI may be used to determine RF link quality and is very useful in dense traffic scenarios where interference is of major concern, for example, indoor environments. This research aims to design a system that can predict the location of a mobile device, when supplied with the mobile’s RSSIs. The developed system takes as input the RSSIs relating to the mobile device, and outputs parameters that describe the location of the device such as the longitude, latitude, floor, and building. The relationship between the Received Signal Strengths (RSSs) of mobile devices and their corresponding locations is meant to be modelled; hence, subsequent locations of mobile devices can be predicted using the developed model. It is obvious that describing mathematical relationships between the RSSIs measurements and localization parameters is one option to modelling the problem, but the complexity of such an approach is a serious turn-off. In contrast, we propose an intelligent system that can learn the mapping of such RSSIs measurements to the localization parameters to be predicted. The system is capable of upgrading its performance as more experiential knowledge is acquired. The most appealing consideration to using such a system for this task is that complicated mathematical analysis and theoretical frameworks are excluded or not needed; the intelligent system on its own learns the underlying relationship in the supplied data (RSSI levels) that corresponds to the localization parameters. These localization parameters to be predicted are of two different tasks: Longitude and latitude of mobile devices are real values (regression problem), while the floor and building of the mobile devices are of integer values or categorical (classification problem). This research work presents artificial neural network based intelligent systems to model the relationship between the RSSIs predictors and the mobile device localization parameters. The designed systems were trained and validated on the collected WLAN fingerprint database. The trained networks were then tested with another supplied database to obtain the performance of trained systems on achieved Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and error rates for the regression and classification tasks involved therein. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20localization" title="indoor localization">indoor localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN%20fingerprinting" title=" WLAN fingerprinting"> WLAN fingerprinting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29586/intelligent-indoor-localization-using-wlan-fingerprinting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">827</span> Absorption Control of Organic Solar Cells under LED Light for High Efficiency Indoor Power System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Premkumar%20Vincent">Premkumar Vincent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeok%20Kim"> Hyeok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Hyuk%20Bae"> Jin-Hyuk Bae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic solar cells have high potential which enables these to absorb much weaker light than 1-sun in indoor environment. They also have several practical advantages, such as flexibility, cost-advantage, and semi-transparency that can have superiority in indoor solar energy harvesting. We investigate organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) for indoor application while Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations were run to find the optimized structure. This may provide the highest short-circuit current density to acquire high efficiency under indoor illumination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20solar%20cells" title="indoor solar cells">indoor solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20light%20harvesting" title=" indoor light harvesting"> indoor light harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solar%20cells" title=" organic solar cells"> organic solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P3HT%3AICBA" title=" P3HT:ICBA"> P3HT:ICBA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75834/absorption-control-of-organic-solar-cells-under-led-light-for-high-efficiency-indoor-power-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">826</span> Bug Localization on Single-Line Bugs of Apache Commons Math Library</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherry%20Oo">Cherry Oo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hnin%20Min%20Oo"> Hnin Min Oo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software bug localization is one of the most costly tasks in program repair technique. Therefore, there is a high claim for automated bug localization techniques that can monitor programmers to the locations of bugs, with slight human arbitration. Spectrum-based bug localization aims to help software developers to discover bugs rapidly by investigating abstractions of the program traces to make a ranking list of most possible buggy modules. Using the Apache Commons Math library project, we study the diagnostic accuracy using our spectrum-based bug localization metric. Our outcomes show that the greater performance of a specific similarity coefficient, used to inspect the program spectra, is mostly effective on localizing of single line bugs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20testing" title="software testing">software testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bug%20localization" title=" bug localization"> bug localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=program%20spectra" title=" program spectra"> program spectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bug" title=" bug"> bug</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104890/bug-localization-on-single-line-bugs-of-apache-commons-math-library" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">825</span> Influence of Scalable Energy-Related Sensor Parameters on Acoustic Localization Accuracy in Wireless Sensor Swarms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joyraj%20Chakraborty">Joyraj Chakraborty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geoffrey%20Ottoy"> Geoffrey Ottoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Pierre%20Goemaere"> Jean-Pierre Goemaere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lieven%20De%20Strycker"> Lieven De Strycker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sensor swarms can be a cost-effectieve and more user-friendly alternative for location based service systems in different application like health-care. To increase the lifetime of such swarm networks, the energy consumption should be scaled to the required localization accuracy. In this paper we have investigated some parameter for energy model that couples localization accuracy to energy-related sensor parameters such as signal length,Bandwidth and sample frequency. The goal is to use the model for the localization of undetermined environmental sounds, by means of wireless acoustic sensors. we first give an overview of TDOA-based localization together with the primary sources of TDOA error (including reverberation effects, Noise). Then we show that in localization, the signal sample rate can be under the Nyquist frequency, provided that enough frequency components remain present in the undersampled signal. The resulting localization error is comparable with that of similar localization systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20swarms" title="sensor swarms">sensor swarms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20swarms" title=" wireless sensor swarms"> wireless sensor swarms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalable%20energy" title=" scalable energy"> scalable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29900/influence-of-scalable-energy-related-sensor-parameters-on-acoustic-localization-accuracy-in-wireless-sensor-swarms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">824</span> Autonomous Position Control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Accelerometer Response for Indoor Navigation Using Kalman Filtering </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Misbahuddin">Syed Misbahuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagufta%20Kapadia"> Sagufta Kapadia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autonomous indoor drone navigation has been posed with various challenges, including the inability to use a Global Positioning System (GPS). As of now, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) either rely on 3D mapping systems or utilize external camera arrays to track the UAV in an enclosed environment. The objective of this paper is to develop an algorithm that utilizes Kalman Filtering to reduce noise, allowing the UAV to be navigated indoors using only the flight controller and an onboard companion computer. In this paper, open-source libraries are used to control the UAV, which will only use the onboard accelerometer on the flight controller to estimate the position through double integration. One of the advantages of such a system is that it allows for low-cost and lightweight UAVs to autonomously navigate indoors without advanced mapping of the environment or the use of expensive high-precision-localization sensors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerometer" title="accelerometer">accelerometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor-navigation" title=" indoor-navigation"> indoor-navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman-filtering" title=" Kalman-filtering"> Kalman-filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=position-control" title=" position-control "> position-control </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115917/autonomous-position-control-of-an-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-based-on-accelerometer-response-for-indoor-navigation-using-kalman-filtering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">823</span> The Selection of the Nearest Anchor Using Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hichem%20Sassi">Hichem Sassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tawfik%20Najeh"> Tawfik Najeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Liouane"> Noureddine Liouane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The localization information is crucial for the operation of WSN. There are principally two types of localization algorithms. The Range-based localization algorithm has strict requirements on hardware; thus, it is expensive to be implemented in practice. The Range-free localization algorithm reduces the hardware cost. However, it can only achieve high accuracy in ideal scenarios. In this paper, we locate unknown nodes by incorporating the advantages of these two types of methods. The proposed algorithm makes the unknown nodes select the nearest anchor using the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and choose two other anchors which are the most accurate to achieve the estimated location. Our algorithm improves the localization accuracy compared with previous algorithms, which has been demonstrated by the simulating results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN" title="WSN">WSN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DV-Hop" title=" DV-Hop"> DV-Hop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSSI" title=" RSSI"> RSSI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36091/the-selection-of-the-nearest-anchor-using-received-signal-strength-indication-rssi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">822</span> Development of Application Architecture for RFID Based Indoor Tracking Using Passive RFID Tag</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaya%20Ismail">Sumaya Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aijaz%20Ahmad%20Rehi"> Aijaz Ahmad Rehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract The location tracking and positioning systems have technologically grown exponentially in recent decade. In particular, Global Position system (GPS) has become a universal norm to be a part of almost every software application directly or indirectly for the location based modules. However major drawback of GPS based system is their inability of working in indoor environments. Researchers are thus focused on the alternative technologies which can be used in indoor environments for a vast range of application domains which require indoor location tracking. One of the most popular technology used for indoor tracking is radio frequency identification (RFID). Due to its numerous advantages, including its cost effectiveness, it is considered as a technology of choice in indoor location tracking systems. To contribute to the emerging trend of the research, this paper proposes an application architecture of passive RFID tag based indoor location tracking system. For the proof of concept, a test bed will be developed to in this study. In addition, various indoor location tracking algorithms will be used to assess their appropriateness in the proposed application architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID" title="RFID">RFID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS" title=" GPS"> GPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20location%20tracking" title=" indoor location tracking"> indoor location tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application%20architecture" title=" application architecture"> application architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20RFID%20tag" title=" passive RFID tag"> passive RFID tag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164777/development-of-application-architecture-for-rfid-based-indoor-tracking-using-passive-rfid-tag" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">821</span> An Introductory Study on Optimization Algorithm for Movable Sensor Network-Based Odor Source Localization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yossiri%20Ariyakul">Yossiri Ariyakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piyakiat%20Insom"> Piyakiat Insom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poonyawat%20Sangiamkulthavorn"> Poonyawat Sangiamkulthavorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takamichi%20Nakamoto"> Takamichi Nakamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the method of optimization algorithm for sensor network comprised of movable sensor nodes which can be used for odor source localization was proposed. A sensor node is composed of an odor sensor, an anemometer, and a wireless communication module. The odor intensity measured from the sensor nodes are sent to the processor to perform the localization based on optimization algorithm by which the odor source localization map is obtained as a result. The map can represent the exact position of the odor source or show the direction toward it remotely. The proposed method was experimentally validated by creating the odor source localization map using three, four, and five sensor nodes in which the accuracy to predict the position of the odor source can be observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=odor%20sensor" title="odor sensor">odor sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=odor%20source%20localization" title=" odor source localization"> odor source localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20network" title=" sensor network"> sensor network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76005/an-introductory-study-on-optimization-algorithm-for-movable-sensor-network-based-odor-source-localization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">820</span> Hybrid Localization Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Babar">Fatima Babar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20I.%20Khan"> Majid I. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Najmus%20Saqib"> Malik Najmus Saqib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tahir"> Muhammad Tahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article provides range based improvements over a well-known single-hop range free localization scheme, Approximate Point in Triangulation (APIT) by proposing an energy efficient Barycentric coordinate based Point-In-Triangulation (PIT) test along with PIT based trilateration. These improvements result in energy efficiency, reduced localization error and improved localization coverage compared to APIT and its variants. Moreover, we propose to embed Received signal strength indication (RSSI) based distance estimation in DV-Hop which is a multi-hop localization scheme. The proposed localization algorithm achieves energy efficiency and reduced localization error compared to DV-Hop and its available improvements. Furthermore, a hybrid multi-hop localization scheme is also proposed that utilize Barycentric coordinate based PIT test and both range based (Received signal strength indicator) and range free (hop count) techniques for distance estimation. Our experimental results provide evidence that proposed hybrid multi-hop localization scheme results in two to five times reduction in the localization error compare to DV-Hop and its variants, at reduced energy requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Localization" title="Localization">Localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trilateration" title=" Trilateration"> Trilateration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Triangulation" title=" Triangulation"> Triangulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wireless%20Sensor%20Networks" title=" Wireless Sensor Networks"> Wireless Sensor Networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35863/hybrid-localization-schemes-for-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">819</span> Factor Analysis on Localization of Human Resources of Japanese Firms in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nana%20Weng">Nana Weng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Localization in the aspect of human resource means more diversity and more opportunities. The main purpose of this article is to identify the perception of local employees and intermediate managers (non-Japanese) and figure out exploratory factors which have been contributing and blocking the level of localization in the aspect of human resource management by using EFA (Exploratory Factors Analysis). Questionnaires will be designed for local employees and managers to inquire about the perceptions of regulations and implementation regarding recruitment, training and development, promotion and rewarding. The study finds that Japanese firms have worked well in the process of localization, especially in hiring and training local staffs in Taiwan. The significance of this study lies in paying more attention to the perception of local employees and intermediate managers regarding localization rather than interviews results from Japanese expatriates or top HR managers who are in charging of localization policy-making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20firms%20in%20Taiwan" title="Japanese firms in Taiwan">Japanese firms in Taiwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization%20of%20human%20resources" title=" localization of human resources"> localization of human resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploratory%20factors%20analysis" title=" exploratory factors analysis"> exploratory factors analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20employees%20and%20intermediate%20managers" title=" local employees and intermediate managers"> local employees and intermediate managers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60959/factor-analysis-on-localization-of-human-resources-of-japanese-firms-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">818</span> Received Signal Strength Indicator Based Localization of Bluetooth Devices Using Trilateration: An Improved Method for the Visually Impaired People</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Irfan%20Aziz">Muhammad Irfan Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Owens"> Thomas Owens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uzair%20Khaleeq%20uz%20Zaman"> Uzair Khaleeq uz Zaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The instantaneous and spatial localization for visually impaired people in dynamically changing environments with unexpected hazards and obstacles, is the most demanding and challenging issue faced by the navigation systems today. Since Bluetooth cannot utilize techniques like Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Time of Arrival (TOA), it uses received signal strength indicator (RSSI) to measure Receive Signal Strength (RSS). The measurements using RSSI can be improved significantly by improving the existing methodologies related to RSSI. Therefore, the current paper focuses on proposing an improved method using trilateration for localization of Bluetooth devices for visually impaired people. To validate the method, class 2 Bluetooth devices were used along with the development of a software. Experiments were then conducted to obtain surface plots that showed the signal interferences and other environmental effects. Finally, the results obtained show the surface plots for all Bluetooth modules used along with the strong and weak points depicted as per the color codes in red, yellow and blue. It was concluded that the suggested improved method of measuring RSS using trilateration helped to not only measure signal strength affectively but also highlighted how the signal strength can be influenced by atmospheric conditions such as noise, reflections, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%2Foutdoor%20localization" title=" indoor/outdoor localization"> indoor/outdoor localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=received%20signal%20strength%20indicator" title=" received signal strength indicator"> received signal strength indicator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visually%20impaired" title=" visually impaired"> visually impaired</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101797/received-signal-strength-indicator-based-localization-of-bluetooth-devices-using-trilateration-an-improved-method-for-the-visually-impaired-people" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">817</span> Correlation between Indoor and Outdoor Air</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20A.%20Radaideh">Jamal A. Radaideh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziad%20N.%20Shatnawi"> Ziad N. Shatnawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both indoor and outdoor air quality is investigated throughout residential areas of Al Hofuf city/ Eastern province of Saudi Arabia through a multi‐week multiple sites measurement and sampling survey. Concentration levels of five criteria air pollutants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were measured and analyzed during the study period from January to May 2014. For this survey paper, three different sites, roadside RS, urban UR, and rural RU were selected. Within each site type, six locations were assigned to carryout air quality measurements and to study varying indoor/outdoor air quality for each pollutant. Results indicate that a strong correlation between indoor and outdoor air exists. The I/O ratios for the considered criteria pollutants show that the strongest relationship between indoor and outdoor air is found by analyzing of carbon dioxide, CO2 (0.88), while the lowest is found by both NO2 and SO2 (0.7). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria%20air%20pollutants" title="criteria air pollutants">criteria air pollutants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%2Foutdoor%20air%20pollution" title=" indoor/outdoor air pollution"> indoor/outdoor air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%2Foutdoor%20ratio" title=" indoor/outdoor ratio"> indoor/outdoor ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21435/correlation-between-indoor-and-outdoor-air" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">816</span> An Application-Based Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Calculator for Residential Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwok%20W.%20Mui">Kwok W. Mui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20T.%20Wong"> Ling T. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin%20T.%20Cheung"> Chin T. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20C.%20Yu"> Ho C. Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on an indoor environmental quality (IEQ) index established by previous work that indicates the overall IEQ acceptance from the prospect of an occupant in residential buildings in terms of four IEQ factors - thermal comfort, indoor air quality, visual and aural comforts, this study develops a user-friendly IEQ calculator for iOS and Android users to calculate the occupant acceptance and compare the relative performance of IEQ in apartments. The calculator allows the prediction of the best IEQ scenario on a quantitative scale. Any indoor environments under the specific IEQ conditions can be benchmarked against the predicted IEQ acceptance range. This calculator can also suggest how to achieve the best IEQ acceptance among a group of residents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calculator" title="calculator">calculator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20environmental%20quality%20%28IEQ%29" title=" indoor environmental quality (IEQ)"> indoor environmental quality (IEQ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20buildings" title=" residential buildings"> residential buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-star%20benchmarks" title=" 5-star benchmarks "> 5-star benchmarks </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24988/an-application-based-indoor-environmental-quality-ieq-calculator-for-residential-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">815</span> Influence of Roofing Material on Indoor Thermal Comfort of Bamboo House</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thet%20Su%20Hlaing">Thet Su Hlaing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoichi%20Kojima"> Shoichi Kojima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing desire for better indoor thermal performance with moderate energy consumption is becoming an issue for challenging today’s built environment. Studies related to the effective way of enhancing indoor thermal comfort had been done by approaching in numerous ways. Few studies have been focused on the correlation between building material and indoor thermal comfort of vernacular house. This paper analyzes the thermal comfort conditions of Bamboo House, mostly located in a hot and humid region. Depending on the roofing material, how the indoor environment varies will be observed through monitoring indoor and outdoor comfort measurement of Bamboo house as well as occupants’ preferable comfort condition. The result revealed that the indigenous roofing material mostly influences the indoor thermal environment by performing to have less effect from the outdoor temperature. It can keep the room cool with moderate thermal comfort, especially in the early morning and night, in the summertime without mechanical device assistance. After analyzing the performance of roofing material, which effect on indoor thermal comfort for 24 hours, it can be efficiently managed the time for availing mechanical cooling devices and make it supply only the necessary period of a day, which will lead to a partially reduce energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bamboo%20house" title="bamboo house">bamboo house</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20and%20humid%20climate" title=" hot and humid climate"> hot and humid climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20thermal%20comfort" title=" indoor thermal comfort"> indoor thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20indigenous%20roofing%20material" title=" local indigenous roofing material"> local indigenous roofing material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117485/influence-of-roofing-material-on-indoor-thermal-comfort-of-bamboo-house" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20localization&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20localization&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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