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</a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Single_horn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single_horn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Single horn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single_horn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double_horn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double_horn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Double horn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double_horn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compensating_double_horn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compensating_double_horn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Compensating double horn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compensating_double_horn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Triple_horn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Triple_horn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Triple horn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Triple_horn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detachable_bell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detachable_bell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Detachable bell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detachable_bell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_horns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_horns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related horns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_horns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related horns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_horns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_horn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_horn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Natural horn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_horn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vienna_horn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vienna_horn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Vienna horn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vienna_horn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mellophone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mellophone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mellophone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mellophone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marching_horn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marching_horn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Marching horn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marching_horn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wagner_tuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wagner_tuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Wagner tuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wagner_tuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repertoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repertoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Repertoire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Repertoire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Repertoire subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Repertoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orchestra_and_concert_band" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestra_and_concert_band"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Orchestra and concert band</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestra_and_concert_band-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chamber_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chamber_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Chamber music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chamber_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestral_and_concert_band_horns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestral_and_concert_band_horns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Orchestral and concert band horns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestral_and_concert_band_horns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_horn_players" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_horn_players"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable horn players</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_horn_players-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">French horn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horing_(blaasinstrument)" title="Horing (blaasinstrument) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Horing (blaasinstrument)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldhorn" title="Waldhorn – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Waldhorn" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="بوق فرنسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوق فرنسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtorn" title="Valtorn – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Valtorn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Валторна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валторна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Валдхорна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Валдхорна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="འཁྱིལ་དུང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཁྱིལ་དུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rog_(instrument)" title="Rog (instrument) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rog (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa_(instrument)" title="Trompa (instrument) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Trompa (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesn%C3%AD_roh" title="Lesní roh – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lesní roh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_Ffrengig" title="Corn Ffrengig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Corn Ffrengig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdhorn" title="Valdhorn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valdhorn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_(Blechblasinstrument)" title="Horn (Blechblasinstrument) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Horn (Blechblasinstrument)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metsasarv" title="Metsasarv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metsasarv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Γαλλικό κόρνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλικό κόρνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa_(instrumento)" title="Trompa (instrumento) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trompa (instrumento)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korno_(muzikinstrumento)" title="Korno (muzikinstrumento) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Korno (muzikinstrumento)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tronpa_(musika_tresna)" title="Tronpa (musika tresna) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tronpa (musika tresna)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2)" title="کر (ساز) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کر (ساز)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor_d%27harmonie" title="Cor d'harmonie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cor d'harmonie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarn_(koperblaasynstrumint)" title="Hoarn (koperblaasynstrumint) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hoarn (koperblaasynstrumint)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2rn_Sasannach" title="Còrn Sasannach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Còrn Sasannach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa" title="Trompa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Trompa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%A5%B8" title="호른 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호른" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Գալարափող – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գալարափող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rog_(glazbalo)" title="Rog (glazbalo) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rog (glazbalo)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="French horn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corno_(instrumento)" title="Corno (instrumento) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Corno (instrumento)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corno_(strumento_musicale)" title="Corno (strumento musicale) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corno (strumento musicale)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קרן יער – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרן יער" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%94%C9%94r%C9%A9" title="Kɔɔrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kɔɔrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ვალტორნა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვალტორნა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Валторна – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Валторна" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Валторна – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Валторна" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%BErags" title="Mežrags – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mežrags" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor" title="Cor – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cor" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtorna" title="Valtorna – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valtorna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCrt_(hangszer)" title="Kürt (hangszer) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kürt (hangszer)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хорна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хорна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon_Perancis" title="Hon Perancis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hon Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="ပြင်သစ်ခရာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သစ်ခရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoorn_(muziekinstrument)" title="Hoorn (muziekinstrument) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoorn (muziekinstrument)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3" title="ホルン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホルン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valthorn" title="Valthorn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valthorn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valthorn" title="Valthorn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Valthorn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2rn_d%27armonia" title="Còrn d'armonia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Còrn d'armonia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtorna" title="Valtorna – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Valtorna" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3g_(instrument_muzyczny)" title="Róg (instrument muzyczny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Róg (instrument muzyczny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompa" title="Trompa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trompa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_francez" title="Corn francez – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Corn francez" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiqiri" title="Qiqiri – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qiqiri" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Валторна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Валторна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornu" title="Cornu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cornu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_(musical_instrument)" title="Horn (musical instrument) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Horn (musical instrument)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesn%C3%BD_roh" title="Lesný roh – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lesný roh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rog_(glasbilo)" title="Rog (glasbilo) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rog (glasbilo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Рог (инструмент) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рог (инструмент)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rog_(instrument)" title="Rog (instrument) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rog (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4yr%C3%A4torvi" title="Käyrätorvi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käyrätorvi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valthorn" title="Valthorn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valthorn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambuling_Pranses" title="Tambuling Pranses – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tambuling Pranses" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99" title="ฮอร์น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮอร์น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korno" title="Korno – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Korno" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Валторна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валторна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A8n_cor" title="Kèn cor – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kèn cor" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4r" title="Côr – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Côr" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoorn_(muziekinstrument)" title="Hoorn (muziekinstrument) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Hoorn (muziekinstrument)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B7" title="法国号 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法国号" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E8%99%9F" title="圓號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="圓號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%99%9F" title="法國號 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法國號" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q163759#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">French horn</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamaha_Horn_YHR-667V.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Yamaha_Horn_YHR-667V.tif/lossy-page1-250px-Yamaha_Horn_YHR-667V.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Yamaha_Horn_YHR-667V.tif/lossy-page1-375px-Yamaha_Horn_YHR-667V.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Yamaha_Horn_YHR-667V.tif/lossy-page1-500px-Yamaha_Horn_YHR-667V.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1589" data-file-height="1019" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A modern double horn</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf"><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass instrument</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Horn<br /><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">de:</a> <i>Horn, Waldhorn, Ventilhorn</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">es:</a> <i>trompa</i> or <i>corno</i><br /><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">fr:</a> <i>cor (d'harmonie)</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">it:</a> <i>corno</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aerophone" title="Aerophone">Aerophone</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">Wind</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">423.232<br />(Valved aerophone sounded by lip vibration)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf"><a href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">Playing range</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Range_of_horn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Range_of_horn.png/200px-Range_of_horn.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Range_of_horn.png/300px-Range_of_horn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Range_of_horn.png/400px-Range_of_horn.png 2x" data-file-width="1902" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>In F the horn sounds a <a href="/wiki/Perfect_fifth" title="Perfect fifth">perfect fifth</a> lower than written. In older music, bass-clef notes are written one octave lower and thus sound a <a href="/wiki/Perfect_fourth" title="Perfect fourth">perfect fourth</a> higher than written.<sup id="cite_ref-Walter_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_horn" title="Tenor horn">Tenor horn (alto horn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone_horn" title="Baritone horn">Baritone horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_horn" title="German horn">German horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellophone" title="Mellophone">Mellophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">Natural horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_horn" title="Post horn">Post horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxhorn" title="Saxhorn">Saxhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_horn" title="Vienna horn">Vienna horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_tuba" title="Wagner tuba">Wagner tuba</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf">Musicians</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horn_players" title="List of horn players">List of horn players</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf">Builders</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horn_makers" title="List of horn makers">List of horn makers</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #bfe0bf">More articles or information</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horn_techniques" title="List of horn techniques">List of horn techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_for_horn" title="List of compositions for horn">List of compositions for horn</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccf; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Woodwind_instrument" title="Woodwind instrument">Woodwinds</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">Bagpipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">Bassoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabassoon" title="Contrabassoon">Contrabassoon</a></li> <li><a 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title="Cornet">Cornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphonium" title="Euphonium">Euphonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugelhorn" title="Flugelhorn">Flugelhorn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellophone" title="Mellophone">Mellophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_horn" title="Tenor horn">Tenor horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">Trombone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">Trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">Tuba</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccf; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">String instruments</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">Bowed</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">Cello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">Double bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huqin" title="Huqin">Huqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">Hurdy-gurdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">Viola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">Violin</a></li></ul> <p><b>Plucked</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">Banjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">Guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Bass guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzheng" title="Guzheng">Guzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koto_(instrument)" title="Koto (instrument)">Koto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">Mandolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_Harp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedal Harp">Harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamisen" title="Shamisen">Shamisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitar" title="Sitar">Sitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanpura" title="Tanpura">Tambura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukulele" title="Ukulele">Ukulele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazh" title="Yazh">Yazh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zither" title="Zither">Zither</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccf; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">Percussion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">Bass drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell" title="Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">Celesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymbals">Cymbals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">Glockenspiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong" title="Gong">Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbell" title="Handbell">Handbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithophone" title="Lithophone">Lithophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">Marimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADmbula" title="Marímbula">Marímbula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melam" title="Melam">Melam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mridangam" title="Mridangam">Mridangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parai" title="Parai">Parai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">Snare drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">Steelpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">Timpani</a> aka Kettledrums</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubaphone" title="Tubaphone">Tubaphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubular_bells" title="Tubular bells">Tubular bells</a> aka Chimes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibraphone" title="Vibraphone">Vibraphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">Xylophone</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccf; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">Keyboards</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">Clavichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavicytherium" title="Clavicytherium">Clavicytherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">Electronic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonium">Harmonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">Harpsichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">Organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinet" title="Spinet">Spinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginals" title="Virginals">Virginals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccf; padding: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">Others</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghatam" title="Ghatam">Ghatam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musical_instruments_sidebar" title="Template:Musical instruments sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_instruments_sidebar" title="Template talk:Musical instruments sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_instruments_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical instruments sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>French horn</b> (since the 1930s known simply as the <b>horn</b> in professional music circles) is a <a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">brass instrument</a> made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The <b>double horn in F/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></b> (technically a variety of <a href="/wiki/German_horn" title="German horn">German horn</a>) is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands, although the <b>descant</b> and <b>triple</b> horn have become increasingly popular. A musician who plays a horn is known as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_horn_players" title="List of horn players">horn player</a> or hornist. </p><p>Pitch is controlled through the combination of the following factors: speed of air through the instrument (controlled by the player's lungs and <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" title="Thoracic diaphragm">thoracic diaphragm</a>); diameter and tension of lip aperture (by the player's lip muscles—the <a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">embouchure</a>) in the mouthpiece; plus, in a modern horn, the operation of <a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument_valve" title="Brass instrument valve">valves</a> by the left hand, which route the air into extra sections of tubing. Most horns have lever-operated <a href="/wiki/Rotary_valve" title="Rotary valve">rotary valves</a>, but some, especially older horns, use <a href="/wiki/Piston_valve" title="Piston valve">piston valves</a> (similar to a <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a>'s) and the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_horn" title="Vienna horn">Vienna horn</a> uses double-piston valves, or <a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument_valve#Double-piston_valve" title="Brass instrument valve">pumpenvalves</a>. The backward-facing orientation of the bell relates to the perceived desirability to create a subdued sound in concert situations, in contrast to the more piercing quality of the trumpet. A horn without valves is known as a natural horn, changing pitch along the natural <a href="/wiki/Harmonics" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonics">harmonics</a> of the instrument (similar to a <a href="/wiki/Bugle_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugle (instrument)">bugle</a>). Pitch may also be controlled by the position of the hand in the bell, in effect reducing the bell's diameter. The pitch of any note can easily be raised or lowered by adjusting the hand position in the bell.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitener_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitener-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The key of a natural horn can be changed by adding different <a href="/wiki/Crook_(music)" title="Crook (music)">crooks</a> of different lengths. </p><p>Three valves control the flow of air in the <i>single horn</i>, which is tuned to F or less commonly B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>. The more common <i>double horn</i> has a fourth, trigger valve, usually operated by the thumb, which routes the air to one set of tubing tuned to F or another tuned to B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> which expands the horn range to over four <a href="/wiki/Octaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Octaves">octaves</a> and blends with flutes or <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Woodwind_ensemble" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwind ensemble">woodwind ensemble</a>. Triple horns with five valves are also made, usually tuned in F, B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, and a <a href="/wiki/Descant" title="Descant">descant</a> E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> or F. There are also double horns with five valves tuned in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, descant E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> or F, and a stopping valve, which greatly simplifies the complicated and difficult hand-stopping technique,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though these are rarer. Also common are <i>descant</i> doubles, which typically provide B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> and alto F branches. </p><p>A crucial element in playing the horn deals with the mouthpiece. The mouthpiece is usually placed about 2/3 on the lips with more on the upper. Because of differences in the formation of the lips and teeth of different players, some tend to play with the mouthpiece slightly off center.<sup id="cite_ref-AOFHP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOFHP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the exact side-to-side placement of the mouthpiece varies for most horn players, the up-and-down placement of the mouthpiece is generally two-thirds on the upper lip and one-third on the lower lip.<sup id="cite_ref-AOFHP_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOFHP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When playing higher notes, the majority of players exert a small degree of additional pressure on the lips using the mouthpiece. However, this is undesirable from the perspective of both endurance and tone: excessive mouthpiece pressure makes the horn sound forced and harsh and decreases the player's stamina due to the resulting constricted flow of blood to the lips and lip muscles. Added pressure from the lips to the mouthpiece can also result in tension in the face resulting in what brass players often call "pushing". As mentioned before, this results in an undesirable sound, and loss of stamina. <sup id="cite_ref-AOFHP_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOFHP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "French horn" first came into use in the late 17th century. At that time, French makers were preeminent in the manufacture of hunting horns and were credited with creating the now-familiar, circular "hoop" shape of the instrument. As a result, these instruments were often called, even in English, by their French names: <i>trompe de chasse</i> or <i>cor de chasse</i> (the clear modern distinction between <i>trompes</i> [trumpets] and <i>cors</i> [horns] did not exist at that time).<sup id="cite_ref-Beakes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beakes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German makers first devised <i>crooks</i> to make such horns playable in different keys—so musicians came to use "French" and "German" to distinguish the simple hunting horn from the newer horn with crooks, which in England was also called the Italian name <i>corno cromatico</i> (chromatic horn).<sup id="cite_ref-Beakes_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beakes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, "French horn" is often used colloquially, though the adjective has normally been avoided when referring to the European orchestral horn, ever since the German horn began replacing the French-style instrument in British orchestras around 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-Del_Mar_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Del_Mar-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Horn_Society" title="International Horn Society">International Horn Society</a> has recommended since 1971 that the instrument be simply called the <i>horn</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meek1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meek1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meek2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meek2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a more specific use of "French horn" to describe a particular horn type, differentiated from the <a href="/wiki/German_horn" title="German horn">German horn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vienna_horn" title="Vienna horn">Vienna horn</a>. In this sense, "French horn" refers to a narrow-bore instrument (10.8–11.0 mm [0.43–0.43 in]) with three Périnet (piston) valves. It retains the narrow bell-throat and mouthpipe crooks of the orchestral hand horn of the late 18th century, and most often has an "ascending" third valve. This is a whole-tone valve arranged so that with the valve in the "up" position the valve loop is engaged, but when the valve is pressed the loop is cut out, raising the pitch by a whole tone.<sup id="cite_ref-Baines_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baines-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">Horn (instrument)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French-horn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/French-horn.png/250px-French-horn.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/French-horn.png 1.5x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption>Horn with three <a href="/wiki/Piston_valve" title="Piston valve">Perinet valves</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:How_to_shout_and_blow_Horns_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Manuscript_of_Phoebus_Fifteenth_Century.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/How_to_shout_and_blow_Horns_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Manuscript_of_Phoebus_Fifteenth_Century.png/220px-How_to_shout_and_blow_Horns_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Manuscript_of_Phoebus_Fifteenth_Century.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/How_to_shout_and_blow_Horns_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Manuscript_of_Phoebus_Fifteenth_Century.png/330px-How_to_shout_and_blow_Horns_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Manuscript_of_Phoebus_Fifteenth_Century.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/How_to_shout_and_blow_Horns_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Manuscript_of_Phoebus_Fifteenth_Century.png/440px-How_to_shout_and_blow_Horns_Fac_simile_of_a_Miniature_in_the_Manuscript_of_Phoebus_Fifteenth_Century.png 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="1267" /></a><figcaption>"How to shout and blow horns."—Facsimile of a miniature in a manuscript of the hunting manual of <a href="/wiki/Gaston_III_of_Foix-B%C3%A9arn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaston III of Foix-Béarn">Gaston Phoebus</a> (15th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>As the name indicates, humans originally used to blow on the actual <a href="/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)" title="Horn (anatomy)">horns</a> of animals before starting to emulate naturally occurring horns with metal ones. The use of animal horns survives with the <a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">shofar</a>, a ram's horn, which plays an important role in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish religious rituals</a>. </p><p>Early metal horns were less complex than modern horns, consisting of brass tubes, wound around a few times, with a slightly flared opening (the bell). These early "hunting" horns were originally played on a <a href="/wiki/Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunt">hunt</a>, often while mounted, and the sound they produced was called a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recheat" class="extiw" title="wikt:recheat">recheat</a>). Change of pitch was controlled entirely by the lips (the horn not being equipped with valves until the 19th century. Without valves, only the notes within the <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)"> harmonic series</a> are available. By combining a long length with a narrow bore, the French horn's design allows the player to easily reach the higher overtones which differ by whole tones or less, thus making it capable of playing melodies before valves were invented.<sup id="cite_ref-AOFHP_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOFHP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early horns were commonly pitched in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> alto, A, A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, G, F, E, E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, D, C, and B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> basso. Since the only notes available were those on the harmonic series of one of those pitches, horn-players had no ability to play in different keys. The remedy for this limitation was the use of <a href="/wiki/Crook_(music)" title="Crook (music)">crooks</a>, i.e., sections of tubing of differing length that, when inserted, altered the length of the instrument, and thus its pitch.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-18th century, horn players began to insert the right hand into the bell to change the length of the instrument, adjusting the tuning up to the distance between two adjacent harmonics depending on how much of the opening was covered. </p><p>In 1818 the German makers <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_St%C3%B6lzel" title="Heinrich Stölzel">Heinrich Stölzel</a> and Friedrich Blümel patented the first valved horn, using rotary valves. François Périnet introduced piston valves in France about 1839.<sup id="cite_ref-Meek3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meek3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of valves initially aimed to overcome problems associated with changing crooks during a performance. Valves' unreliability, musical taste, and players' distrust, among other reasons, slowed their adoption into the mainstream. Many traditional conservatories and players refused to use them at first, claiming that the valveless horn, or <i>natural horn</i>, was a better instrument. Some musicians who specialize in period instruments use a natural horn to play in original performance styles, to try to recapture the sound of an older piece's original performances.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of <a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument_valve" title="Brass instrument valve"> valves</a>, however, opened up a great deal more flexibility for playing in different keys; in effect, the horn became an entirely different instrument, fully <a href="/wiki/Chromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromatic">chromatic</a> for the first time. Valves were originally used primarily as a means to play in different keys without crooks, not for harmonic playing. That is reflected in compositions for horns, which only began to include chromatic passages in the late-19th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The extremely high horn playing from the baroque and early classical periods would allow the horn to play almost completely chromatically due to the tiny differences in harmonics. This may have caused the name to develop as nobody was to know then that true chromaticism would happen in the next century. Examples include anything in a high register from that period, e.g. the horn solo from Bach's B-Minor Mass (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There were many different versions of early valves, most being variants of the piston and rotary systems used in modern horns. Early valves by Blühmel are cited as possibly the first rotary valve, but the first confirmed rotary valve design was in 1832 by Joseph Riedl in Vienna. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Barry Tuckwell goes into a lot of detail about certain valve systems in his book. All of which are taking each others technology and improvements and trying to build better equipment, eventually becoming today's rotary and piston valves. (September 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Horns may be classified into single horn, double horn, compensating double horn, and triple horn as well as having the option of detachable bells. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamaha_Horn_YHR-314II.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Yamaha_Horn_YHR-314II.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Yamaha_Horn_YHR-314II.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Yamaha_Horn_YHR-314II.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Yamaha_Horn_YHR-314II.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Yamaha_Horn_YHR-314II.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Yamaha_Horn_YHR-314II.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6055" data-file-height="4966" /></a><figcaption>Single horn in F, student model.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single_horn">Single horn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Single horn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Single horns use a single set of tubes connected to the valves. This allows for simplicity of use and a much lighter weight. They are usually in the keys of F or B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, although many F horns have longer slides to tune them to E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, and almost all B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> horns have a valve to put them in the key of A. The problem with single horns is the inevitable choice between accuracy or tone – while the F horn has the "typical" horn sound, above third-space C accuracy is a concern for the majority of players because, by its nature, one plays high in the horn's harmonic series where the overtones are closer together. This led to the development of the B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> horn, which, although easier to play accurately, has a less desirable sound in the mid and especially the low register where it is not able to play all of the notes. The solution has been the development of the double horn, which combines the two into one horn with a single lead pipe and bell. Both main types of single horns are still used today as student models because they are cheaper and lighter than double horns. In addition, the single B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> horns are sometimes used in solo and chamber performances and the single F survives orchestrally as the Vienna horn. Additionally, single F alto and B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> alto descants are used in the performance of some baroque horn concertos and F, B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> and F alto singles are occasionally used by <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> performers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Brain" title="Dennis Brain">Dennis Brain</a>'s benchmark recordings of the Mozart Horn Concerti were made on a single B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> instrument by <a href="/wiki/Gebr._Alexander" title="Gebr. Alexander">Gebr. Alexander</a>, now on display at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a> in London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_horn">Double horn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Double horn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_horn_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/French_horn_detail.jpg/220px-French_horn_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/French_horn_detail.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="188" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rotary_valve" title="Rotary valve">valves</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Conn-Selmer" title="Conn-Selmer">Conn</a> 6D double horn. The three lever keys (above the large valves) can be depressed toward the large outer tube. The thumb key (<i>near the left-most valve</i>) moves inward toward the three finger keys.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Horn_back.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/French_Horn_back.svg/220px-French_Horn_back.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/French_Horn_back.svg/330px-French_Horn_back.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/French_Horn_back.svg/440px-French_Horn_back.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Scheme of a double horn (<i>view from underneath</i>) <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Mouthpiece_(brass)" title="Mouthpiece (brass)">Mouthpiece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Leadpipe" title="Leadpipe">Leadpipe</a>, where the mouthpiece is placed</li><li>Adjustable handrest</li><li><a href="/wiki/Water_key" title="Water key">Water key</a> (also called a spit valve)</li><li>Fourth valve to change between F and B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> pitches</li><li>Valve levers, operated with the left hand</li><li><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument_valve#Rotary_valve" title="Brass instrument valve">Rotary valves</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Slide_(wind_instrument)" title="Slide (wind instrument)">Slides</a>, for tuning each valve</li><li>Long tubing for F pitch with slide</li><li>General slide</li><li>Short tubing for B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> pitch with slide</li><li>Bellpipe</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_(wind_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell (wind instrument)">Bell</a>; the right hand is cupped inside this</li></ol></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the introduction of valves, the single F horn proved difficult for use in the highest range, where the partials grew closer and closer, making accuracy a great challenge. An early solution was simply to use a horn of higher pitch—usually B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>. The use of the F versus the B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> horn was extensively debated among horn players of the late 19th century, until the German horn maker <a href="/wiki/Ed._Kruspe" title="Ed. Kruspe">Eduard Kruspe</a> (namesake of his family's brass instrument firm) produced a prototype of the "double horn" in 1897. </p><p>The double horn also combines two instruments into a single frame: the original horn in F, and a second, higher horn keyed in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>. By using a fourth valve (usually operated by the thumb), the horn player can quickly switch from the deep, warm tones of the F horn to the higher, brighter tones of the B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> horn, or vice versa, as the horn player may choose to have the horn set into B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> by default by making a simple adjustment to the valves. The two sets of tones are commonly called "sides" of the horn. Using the fourth valve not only changes the basic length (and thus the harmonic series and pitch) of the instrument, it also causes the three main valves to use proportionate slide lengths.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the US, the two most common styles ("wraps") of double horns are named Kruspe and Geyer/Knopf, after the first instrument makers who developed and standardized them. The Kruspe wrap locates the B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> change valve above the first valve, near the thumb. The Geyer wrap has the change valve behind the third valve, near the little finger (although the valve's trigger is still played with the thumb). In effect, the air flows in a completely different direction on the other model. Kruspe wrap horns tend to be larger in the bell throat than the Geyer wrap horns. Traditionally, Kruspe models are constructed from <a href="/wiki/Nickel_silver" title="Nickel silver">nickel silver</a> (also called German silver, an alloy of copper, nickel and zinc, containing no actual silver) while Geyer horns tend to be of yellow brass; although these differences in finish aren't as prevalent today - horns of both finishes can be found in either wrap. Both models have their own strengths and weaknesses, and while the choice of instrument is very personal, an orchestral horn section is usually found to have either one or the other, owing to the differences in tone color, response, and projection of the two different styles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Europe the most popular horns are arguably those made by Gebr. Alexander, of Mainz (particularly the Alexander 103), and those made by <a href="/wiki/Paxman_Musical_Instruments" title="Paxman Musical Instruments">Paxman</a> in London. In Germany and the <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a> countries, the Alex 103 is extremely popular. These horns do not fit strictly into the Kruspe or Knopf camps, but have features of both. Alexander prefers the traditional medium bell size, which they have produced for many years, whereas Paxman do offer their models in a range of bell throat sizes. In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Conn-Selmer" title="Conn-Selmer">Conn</a> 8D, a mass-produced instrument based on the Kruspe design, has been extremely popular in many areas (New York, Los Angeles, Cleveland, Philadelphia). Since roughly the early 1990s, however, for reasons ranging from changing tastes to a general dislike of Conn's newer 8Ds, orchestras have been moving away from the popular Conn 8D. Geyer model horns (by Carl Geyer, Karl Hill, Keith Berg, Steve Lewis, Jerry Lechniuk, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rauch" title="Daniel Rauch">Dan Rauch</a>, and Ricco-Kuhn) are used in other areas (San Francisco, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Boston, Houston). The CF Schmidt double, with its unique piston change valve, is occasionally found in sections playing Geyer/Knopf model equipment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compensating_double_horn">Compensating double horn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Compensating double horn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A full double horn has two full-length sets of slides (one set for the B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> side and a longer set for the F side); a compensating double horn only has full-length slides for the B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> side and a shorter set of slides whose length can be added to the B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> slides to give the necessary tubing length for playing in F. As for the full double horn, the air is routed through the appropriate slide(s) by use of the fourth valve. Compensating double horns are lighter than full double horns because of this design.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Triple_horn">Triple horn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Triple horn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A triple horn has more tubing, adding a descant horn to the double horn and hence giving more assistance for the high range. The descant horn is most commonly in F, sounding an octave higher than the normal F horn.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detachable_bell">Detachable bell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Detachable bell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The horn, although not large, is awkward in its shape and does not lend itself well to transport where space is shared or limited, especially on planes. To compensate, horn makers can make the bell detachable; this allows for smaller and more manageable horn cases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_horns">Related horns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Related horns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">Horn (instrument)</a></div> <p>The variety in horn history necessitates consideration of the natural horn, Vienna horn, mellophone, marching horn, and Wagner tuba. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_horn">Natural horn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Natural horn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_Horn_(instrument).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG/220px-Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG/330px-Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG/440px-Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="706" /></a><figcaption>A natural horn has no valves, but can be tuned to a different key by inserting different tubing, as during a rest period.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">Natural horn</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">natural horn</a> is the ancestor of the modern horn. It is essentially descended from hunting horns, with its pitch controlled by air speed, aperture (opening of the lips through which air passes) and the use of the right hand moving around, as well as in and out of the bell. Although a few recent composers have written specifically for the natural horn (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Concerto" title="Hamburg Concerto">Hamburg Concerto</a></i>), today it is played primarily as a <a href="/wiki/Historically_informed_performance" title="Historically informed performance">period instrument</a>. The natural horn can only play from a single harmonic series at a time because there is only one length of tubing available to the horn player. A proficient player can indeed alter the pitch by partially muting the bell with the right hand, thus enabling the player to reach some notes that are not part of the instrument's natural harmonic series – of course this technique also affects the quality of the tone. The player has a choice of key by using crooks to change the length of tubing.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (June 2019)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vienna_horn">Vienna horn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vienna horn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viennese_horn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Viennese_horn.jpg/220px-Viennese_horn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Viennese_horn.jpg/330px-Viennese_horn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Viennese_horn.jpg/440px-Viennese_horn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption>Vienna horn</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vienna_horn" title="Vienna horn">Vienna horn</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vienna_horn" title="Vienna horn">Vienna horn</a> is a special horn used primarily in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. Instead of using <a href="/wiki/Rotary_valve" title="Rotary valve">rotary valves</a> or <a href="/wiki/Piston_valve" title="Piston valve">piston valves</a>, it uses the pumpenvalve (or Vienna valve), which is a double-piston operating inside the valve slides, and usually situated on the opposite side of the corpus from the player's left hand, and operated by a long pushrod. Unlike the modern horn, which has grown considerably larger internally (for a bigger, broader, and louder tone), and considerably heavier (with the addition of valves and tubing in the case of the double horn) the Vienna horn very closely mimics the size and weight of the natural horn, (although the valves do add some weight, they are lighter than rotary valves) even using crooks in the front of the horn, between the mouthpiece and the instrument. Although instead of the full range of keys, Vienna horn players usually use an F crook and it is looked down upon to use others, though switching to an A or B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> crook for higher pitched music does happen on occasion. Vienna horns are often used with funnel shaped mouthpieces similar to those used on the natural horn, with very little (if any) backbore and a very thin rim. The Viennese horn requires very specialized technique and can be quite challenging to play, even for accomplished players of modern horns. The Vienna horn has a warmer, softer sound than the modern horn. Its pumpenvalves facilitate a continuous transition between notes (<a href="/wiki/Glissando" title="Glissando">glissando</a>); conversely, a more precise operating of the valves is required to avoid notes that sound out of tune. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mellophone">Mellophone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mellophone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mellophone" title="Mellophone">Mellophone</a></div> <p>Two instruments are called a <i>mellophone</i>. The first is an instrument shaped somewhat like a horn, in that it is formed in a circle and is often referred to as a "classic" or "concert" mellophone. It has piston valves and is played with the right hand on the valves. Most are pitched in the key of F, with facility to switch to E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, either by changing crooks/leadpipes, or by a valve dedicated to this purpose. Older examples often included the ability to be played in the keys of D and/or C as well. Manufacturing of this instrument sharply decreased in the middle of the 20th century, and this mellophone (or mellophonium) rarely appears today. </p><p>The second instrument is used in modern brass bands and marching bands, and is more accurately called a "marching mellophone". A derivative of the F <a href="/wiki/Alto_horn" class="mw-redirect" title="Alto horn">alto horn</a>, it is keyed in F. It is shaped like a flugelhorn, with piston valves played with the right hand and a forward-pointing bell. These horns are generally considered better <a href="/wiki/Marching_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Marching instrument">marching instruments</a> than regular horns because their position is more stable on the mouth, they project better, and they weigh less. It is primarily used as the middle voice of <a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bugle_corps_(modern)" title="Drum and bugle corps (modern)">drum and bugle corps</a>. Though they are usually played with a V-cup cornet-like mouthpiece, their range overlaps the common playing range of the horn. This mouthpiece switch makes the mellophone louder, less mellow, and more brassy and brilliant, making it more appropriate for marching bands. Often now with the use of converters, traditional conical horn mouthpieces are used to achieve the more mellow sound of a horn to make the marching band sound more like a concert band. </p><p>As they are pitched in F or G and their range overlaps that of the horn, mellophones can be used in place of the horn in brass and marching band settings. Mellophones are, however, sometimes unpopular with horn players because the mouthpiece change can be difficult and requires a different <a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">embouchure</a>. Mouthpiece adapters are available so that a horn mouthpiece can fit into the mellophone lead pipe (some of them are designed to where the end is bent at a 45-degree angle so that they can use the same embouchure), but this does not compensate for the many differences that a horn player must adapt to. The "feel" of the mellophone can be foreign to a horn player. Another unfamiliar aspect of the mellophone is that it is designed to be played with the right hand instead of the left (though it can be played with the left). Intonation can also be an issue with the mellophone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (July 2016)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While horn players may be asked to play the mellophone, it is unlikely that the instrument was ever intended as a substitute for the horn, mainly because of the fundamental differences described.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an instrument it compromises between the ability to sound like a horn, while being used like a trumpet or flugelhorn, a tradeoff that sacrifices acoustic properties for ergonomics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marching_horn">Marching horn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Marching horn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The marching horn is quite similar to the mellophone in shape and appearance, but it is pitched in the key of B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, the same as the B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> side of a double horn or <a href="/wiki/Valve_trombone" title="Valve trombone">valve trombone</a> (which is also the same as a <a href="/wiki/Bass_trumpet" title="Bass trumpet">bass trumpet</a>, an octave below a normal trumpet). It is also available in F alto, one octave above the F side of a double horn (or the high F side of a triple horn). The marching horn is also played with a horn mouthpiece (unlike the mellophone, which needs an adapter to fit the horn mouthpiece). These instruments are primarily used in marching bands so that the sound comes from a forward-facing bell, as dissipation of the sound from the backward-facing bell becomes a concern in open-air environments. Many college marching bands and drum corps, however, use mellophones instead, which, with many marching bands, better balance the tone of the other brass instruments; additionally, mellophones require less special training of trumpeters, who considerably outnumber horn players.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some college marching bands use marching French horns when accompanying choirs as to not overpower their singing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wagner_tuba">Wagner tuba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Wagner tuba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wagner_tuba" title="Wagner tuba">Wagner tuba</a></div> <p>The Wagner tuba is a rare brass instrument that is essentially a horn modified to have a larger bell throat and a vertical bell. Despite its name and its somewhat tuba-shaped appearance, it is generally not considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">tuba</a> family, because the instrument's relatively narrow bore causes it to play more like a horn. Invented for <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> specifically for his work <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Der Ring des Nibelungen</a></i>, it has since been written for by various other composers, including <a href="/wiki/Bruckner" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruckner">Bruckner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stravinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>. It uses a horn mouthpiece and is available as a single tuba in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> or F, or, more recently, as a double tuba similar to the double horn. It is usually played in a range similar to that of the <a href="/wiki/Euphonium" title="Euphonium">euphonium</a>, but its possible range is the same as that of the horn, extending from low F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>, below the bass clef staff to high C above the treble staff when read in F. The low pedal tones are substantially easier to play on the Wagner tuba than on the horn. Wagner viewed the regular horn as a woodwind rather than a brass instrument, evidenced by his placing of the horn parts in his orchestral scores in the woodwind group and not in their usual place above the trumpets in the brass section. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Repertoire">Repertoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Repertoire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_for_horn" title="List of compositions for horn">List of compositions for horn</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paxman-horns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Paxman-horns.jpg/220px-Paxman-horns.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Paxman-horns.jpg/330px-Paxman-horns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Paxman-horns.jpg/440px-Paxman-horns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Paxman horns</figcaption></figure> <p>Discussion of the repertoire of horns must recognize the different needs of orchestras and concert bands in contrast to marching bands, as above, but also the use of horns in a wide variety of music, including chamber music and jazz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestra_and_concert_band">Orchestra and concert band</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Orchestra and concert band"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The horn is most often used as an orchestral and concert band instrument, with its singular tone being employed by composers to achieve specific effects. <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold Mozart</a>, for example, used horns to signify the hunt, as in his <i><a href="/wiki/Jagdsinfonie" title="Jagdsinfonie">Jagdsinfonie</a></i> (hunting symphony). <a href="/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Telemann" title="Georg Philipp Telemann">Telemann</a> wrote much for the horn, and it features prominently in the work of <a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">Handel</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Bach</a>'s <i>Brandenburg Concerto no. 1</i>. Once the technique of <a href="/wiki/Hand-stopping" title="Hand-stopping">hand-stopping</a> had been developed, allowing fully chromatic playing, composers began to write seriously for the horn. <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a> made great use of the horn's uniquely haunting and distant sound in his symphonies, notably the famous <i>Nachtmusik</i> (serenade) section of his <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._7_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 7 (Mahler)">Symphony No. 7</a>. </p><p>Many composers have written works that have become favorites in the horn repertoire. These include <a href="/wiki/Francis_Poulenc" title="Francis Poulenc">Poulenc</a> (<i>Elegie</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a> (<i>Morceau de Concert for horn and orchestra</i>, op. 94 and <i>Romance</i>, op. 36). Others, particularly <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a>, whose friend <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Leutgeb" title="Joseph Leutgeb">Joseph Leutgeb</a> was a noted horn player, wrote extensively for the instrument, including <a href="/wiki/Concerto" title="Concerto">concerti</a> and other solo works. Mozart's <i><a href="/wiki/A_Musical_Joke" title="A Musical Joke">A Musical Joke</a></i> satirizes the limitations of contemporary horn playing, including the risk of selecting the wrong crook by mistake. </p><p>The development of the valve horn was exploited by romantic composers such as <a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahler" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahler">Mahler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, whose father was a well-known professional horn player. Strauss's <i><a href="/wiki/Till_Eulenspiegel%27s_Merry_Pranks" title="Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks">Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks</a></i> contains one of the best known horn solos from this period, relying on the chromatic facility of the valved horn. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Schumann</a>'s <i>Konzertstück</i> for four horns and orchestra is a notable three-movement work. Brahms had a lifelong love-affair with the instrument, with many prominently featured parts throughout his four symphonies. Despite his use of natural horns in his work (e.g., Horns in B♮ in the second movement of his <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Brahms)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Brahms)">Symphony No. 2</a>), players today typically play Brahms's music on modern valved instruments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chamber_music">Chamber music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Chamber music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is an abundance of chamber music repertoire for horn. It is a standard member of the <a href="/wiki/Wind_quintet" title="Wind quintet">wind quintet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brass_quintet" title="Brass quintet">brass quintet</a>, and often appears in other configurations, such as Brahms' <a href="/wiki/Horn_Trio_(Brahms)" title="Horn Trio (Brahms)">Horn Trio</a> for violin, horn and piano (for which, however, Brahms specified the natural horn). Also, the horn can be used by itself in a horn ensemble or "horn choir". The horn choir is especially practical because the extended range of the horn provides the composer or arranger with more possibilities, registerally, sonically, and contrapuntally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orchestral_and_concert_band_horns">Orchestral and concert band horns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Orchestral and concert band horns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC_8763_(7084102945).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/DSC_8763_%287084102945%29.jpg/220px-DSC_8763_%287084102945%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/DSC_8763_%287084102945%29.jpg/330px-DSC_8763_%287084102945%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/DSC_8763_%287084102945%29.jpg/440px-DSC_8763_%287084102945%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>A horn section in a military <a href="/wiki/Concert_band" title="Concert band">concert band</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I_Solisti_Veneti,_concerto_La_tromba,_regina_degli_ottoni_27_sett_2022_(Chesa_della_Rotonda,_Rovigo)_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/I_Solisti_Veneti%2C_concerto_La_tromba%2C_regina_degli_ottoni_27_sett_2022_%28Chesa_della_Rotonda%2C_Rovigo%29_03.jpg/220px-I_Solisti_Veneti%2C_concerto_La_tromba%2C_regina_degli_ottoni_27_sett_2022_%28Chesa_della_Rotonda%2C_Rovigo%29_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/I_Solisti_Veneti%2C_concerto_La_tromba%2C_regina_degli_ottoni_27_sett_2022_%28Chesa_della_Rotonda%2C_Rovigo%29_03.jpg/330px-I_Solisti_Veneti%2C_concerto_La_tromba%2C_regina_degli_ottoni_27_sett_2022_%28Chesa_della_Rotonda%2C_Rovigo%29_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/I_Solisti_Veneti%2C_concerto_La_tromba%2C_regina_degli_ottoni_27_sett_2022_%28Chesa_della_Rotonda%2C_Rovigo%29_03.jpg/440px-I_Solisti_Veneti%2C_concerto_La_tromba%2C_regina_degli_ottoni_27_sett_2022_%28Chesa_della_Rotonda%2C_Rovigo%29_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>The horn section in <a href="/wiki/I_Solisti_Veneti" title="I Solisti Veneti">I Solisti Veneti</a>, a chamber Baroque orchestra</figcaption></figure> <p>A classical orchestra usually has at least two French horn players. Typically, the first horn played a high part and the second horn played a low part. Composers from <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a> (early 1800s) onwards commonly used four horns. Here, the first and second horns played as a pair (first horn being high, second horn being low), and the third and fourth horns played as another pair (third horn being high, fourth horn being low). </p><p>Music written for the modern horn follows a similar pattern with the first and third horns being high and the second and fourth horns being low. This configuration serves multiple purposes. It is easier to play high when the adjacent player is playing low and vice versa. Pairing makes it easier to write for horns, as the third and fourth horns can take over from the first and second horns or play contrasting material. For example, if the piece is in C minor, the first and second horns might be in C, the tonic major key, which could get most of the notes, and the third and fourth horns might be in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, the relative major key, to fill in the gaps. </p><p>Many orchestral horn sections in the 2010s also have an assistant<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who doubles the first horn part for selected passages, joining in loud parts, playing instead of the principal if there is a first horn solo approaching, or alternating with the principal if the part is tiring to play.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often the assistant is asked to play a passage after resting a long time. Also, he or she may be asked to enter in the middle of a passage, exactly matching the sound, articulation, and overall interpretation of the principal, thus enabling the principal horn to rest a bit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_jazz">In jazz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: In jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Jazz_horn_players" title="Category:Jazz horn players">Category:Jazz horn players</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_horn_in_jazz" title="French horn in jazz">French horn in jazz</a></div> <p>The French horn was at first rarely used in <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> music. (Note that colloquially in jazz, the word "horn" refers to any wind instrument.) Notable exponents, however, began including French horn in jazz pieces and ensembles. These include composer/arranger <a href="/wiki/Gil_Evans" title="Gil Evans">Gil Evans</a> who included the French horn as an ensemble instrument from the 1940s, first in <a href="/wiki/Claude_Thornhill" title="Claude Thornhill">Claude Thornhill</a>'s groups, and later with the pioneering <a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">cool jazz</a> nonet (nine-piece group) led by trumpeter <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, and in many other projects that sometimes also featured Davis, as well as <a href="/wiki/Don_Ellis" title="Don Ellis">Don Ellis</a>, a trumpet player from <a href="/wiki/Stan_Kenton" title="Stan Kenton">Stan Kenton</a>'s jazz band. Notable works of Ellis' jazz French horn include "Strawberry Soup" and other songs on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Tears_of_Joy_(album)" title="Tears of Joy (album)">Tears of Joy</a></i>. Notable improvising horn players in jazz include <a href="/wiki/Julius_Watkins" title="Julius Watkins">Julius Watkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Ruff" title="Willie Ruff">Willie Ruff</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Graas" title="John Graas">John Graas</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Amram" title="David Amram">David Amram</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clark_(musician)" title="John Clark (musician)">John Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Chancey" title="Vincent Chancey">Vincent Chancey</a>, Giovanni Hoffer, <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Shilkloper" title="Arkady Shilkloper">Arkady Shilkloper</a>, Adam Unsworth, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Varner" title="Tom Varner">Tom Varner</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_horn_players">Notable horn players</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable horn players"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_horn_players" title="List of horn players">List of horn players</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Baumann_(musician)" title="Hermann Baumann (musician)">Hermann Baumann</a> – 1964 winner of the <a href="/wiki/ARD_International_Music_Competition" title="ARD International Music Competition">ARD International Music Competition</a> and former principal horn in various orchestras, including the <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Radio_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra">Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radek_Babor%C3%A1k" title="Radek Baborák">Radek Baborák</a> – famous Czech horn player, former principal horn in <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra">Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, 1994 winner of the <a href="/wiki/ARD_International_Music_Competition" title="ARD International Music Competition">ARD International Music Competition</a>, winner of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concertino_Praga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concertino Praga (page does not exist)">Concertino Praga</a> in 1988 and 1990, holder of a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Brain" title="Aubrey Brain">Aubrey Brain</a> – celebrated British horn player, father of Dennis Brain and a champion of the French style of instrument</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Brain" title="Dennis Brain">Dennis Brain</a> – former principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Royal Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Philharmonic Orchestra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philharmonia_Orchestra" title="Philharmonia Orchestra">Philharmonia Orchestra</a>, with whom <a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a> made well-known recordings of <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Horn_Concertos_(Mozart)" title="Horn Concertos (Mozart)">horn concertos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Civil" title="Alan Civil">Alan Civil</a> – former principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/Philharmonia_Orchestra" title="Philharmonia Orchestra">Philharmonia Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Royal Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="BBC Symphony Orchestra">BBC Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cerminaro" title="John Cerminaro">John Cerminaro</a> – former principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Symphony" title="Seattle Symphony">Seattle Symphony</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Philharmonic" title="Los Angeles Philharmonic">Los Angeles Philharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Clevenger" title="Dale Clevenger">Dale Clevenger</a> – former principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a> (1966–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_DeRosa" title="Vincent DeRosa">Vincent DeRosa</a> – former principal horn for a number of <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles, California">Hollywood</a> studios and composers including <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dohr" title="Stefan Dohr">Stefan Dohr</a> – current principal horn, <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra">Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dunbar" title="Richard Dunbar">Richard Dunbar</a> – a player of the French horn, playing in the free jazz scene</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Farkas" title="Philip Farkas">Philip Farkas</a> – former principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a>, developer of the <a href="/wiki/Holton-Farkas" title="Holton-Farkas">Holton-Farkas</a> horn and author of several books on horn and brass playing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hill_(musician)" title="Douglas Hill (musician)">Douglas Hill</a> – former principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/Madison_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Madison Symphony Orchestra">Madison Symphony Orchestra</a>, notable teacher and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Landsman" title="Julie Landsman">Julie Landsman</a> – former Principal Horn for the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> and well-known horn pedagogue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_de_Leval_Jezierski" title="Stefan de Leval Jezierski">Stefan de Leval Jezierski</a> – longest serving horn, <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra">Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Myers_(musician)" title="Philip Myers (musician)">Philip Myers</a> – former principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Nelsen" title="Jeff Nelsen">Jeff Nelsen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Brass" title="Canadian Brass">Canadian Brass</a> hornist 2000–2004, 2007–2010; <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Jacobs_School_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana University Jacobs School of Music">Indiana University Jacobs School of Music</a> horn faculty since 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Punto" title="Giovanni Punto">Giovanni Punto</a> – horn virtuoso and <a href="/wiki/Hand-stopping" title="Hand-stopping">hand-stopping</a> pioneer, after whom the International Horn Society's annual horn playing award is named, also a violinist, concertmaster, and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pyatt" title="David Pyatt">David Pyatt</a> – winner of the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Young_Musician_of_the_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Young Musician of the Year">BBC Young Musician of the Year</a> competition in 1988 and current principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/London_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="London Philharmonic Orchestra">London Philharmonic Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunther_Schuller" title="Gunther Schuller">Gunther Schuller</a> – former principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra">Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera Orchestra</a>, and played with <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Tuckwell" title="Barry Tuckwell">Barry Tuckwell</a> – former principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a> and author of several books on horn playing</li> <li>William VerMeulen – horn soloist and former principal horn of <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu Symphony Orchestra">Honolulu Symphony Orchestra</a> current principal Horn of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Symphony Orchestra">Houston Symphony Orchestra</a> and professor at <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radovan_Vlatkovi%C4%87" title="Radovan Vlatković">Radovan Vlatković</a> – 1983 winner of the <a href="/wiki/ARD_International_Music_Competition" title="ARD International Music Competition">ARD International Music Competition</a>, former principal horn and soloist of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Radio_Symphony_Orchestra_(East_Berlin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (East Berlin)">Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra</a>, and professor at the <a href="/wiki/Mozarteum_University_of_Salzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozarteum University of Salzburg">Mozarteum University of Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Willis_(hornist)" title="Sarah Willis (hornist)">Sarah Willis</a> – first female brass-player in the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, US-born, British ambassador for the horn and classical music through television programs such as <i>Sarah's Music</i> on <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>.</li></ul> <p>People who are more notable for their other achievements, but also play the horn, include actors <a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Ogden_Stiers" title="David Ogden Stiers">David Ogden Stiers</a>, comedian and television host <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a>, journalist <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Todd" title="Chuck Todd">Chuck Todd</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a> bassist and singer <a href="/wiki/John_Entwistle" title="John Entwistle">John Entwistle</a>, and rapper and record producer <a href="/wiki/B.o.B" title="B.o.B">B.o.B</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_horn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A modern full double horn"><img alt="A modern full double horn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/French_horn.jpg/120px-French_horn.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/French_horn.jpg/180px-French_horn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/French_horn.jpg/240px-French_horn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="552" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A modern full double horn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viennese_horn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Vienna horn"><img alt="A Vienna horn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Viennese_horn.jpg/120px-Viennese_horn.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Viennese_horn.jpg/180px-Viennese_horn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Viennese_horn.jpg/240px-Viennese_horn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Vienna_horn" title="Vienna horn">Vienna horn</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunting_horn_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A hunting horn"><img alt="A hunting horn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hunting_horn_3.jpg/120px-Hunting_horn_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hunting_horn_3.jpg/180px-Hunting_horn_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hunting_horn_3.jpg/240px-Hunting_horn_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1839" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A hunting horn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Omnitonic_horn_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A French Omnitonic horn"><img alt="A French Omnitonic horn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Omnitonic_horn_2.jpg/120px-Omnitonic_horn_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Omnitonic_horn_2.jpg/180px-Omnitonic_horn_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Omnitonic_horn_2.jpg/240px-Omnitonic_horn_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A French Omnitonic horn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_Horn_(instrument).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A natural horn at the Victoria and Albert Museum"><img alt="A natural horn at the Victoria and Albert Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG/120px-Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG/180px-Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG/240px-Natural_Horn_%28instrument%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="706" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">natural horn</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanford_Natural_Horn.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A replica of a Mozart-era natural horn"><img alt="A replica of a Mozart-era natural horn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Stanford_Natural_Horn.JPG/120px-Stanford_Natural_Horn.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Stanford_Natural_Horn.JPG/180px-Stanford_Natural_Horn.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Stanford_Natural_Horn.JPG/240px-Stanford_Natural_Horn.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A replica of a Mozart-era natural horn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cordechasse.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A hunting horn in E♭"><img alt="A hunting horn in E♭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cordechasse.png/120px-Cordechasse.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cordechasse.png/180px-Cordechasse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cordechasse.png/240px-Cordechasse.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="331" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A hunting horn in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cor_naturel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A natural horn"><img alt="A natural horn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cor_naturel.JPG/120px-Cor_naturel.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cor_naturel.JPG/180px-Cor_naturel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cor_naturel.JPG/240px-Cor_naturel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A natural horn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_valves_horn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An older, French-made cor à pistons in E♭"><img alt="An older, French-made cor à pistons in E♭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Three_valves_horn.jpg/120px-Three_valves_horn.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Three_valves_horn.jpg/180px-Three_valves_horn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Three_valves_horn.jpg/240px-Three_valves_horn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="781" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An older, French-made <i>cor à pistons</i> in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brain-raoux.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A French-made horn with piston valves"><img alt="A French-made horn with piston valves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Brain-raoux.jpg/120px-Brain-raoux.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Brain-raoux.jpg/180px-Brain-raoux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Brain-raoux.jpg/240px-Brain-raoux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A French-made horn with piston valves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dennis-brain-alex.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A horn by Alexander, once owned by Dennis Brain"><img alt="A horn by Alexander, once owned by Dennis Brain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Dennis-brain-alex.jpg/120px-Dennis-brain-alex.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Dennis-brain-alex.jpg/180px-Dennis-brain-alex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Dennis-brain-alex.jpg/240px-Dennis-brain-alex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A horn by Alexander, once owned by Dennis Brain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_horn_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A French horn in Berlin"><img alt="A French horn in Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/French_horn_Berlin.jpg/90px-French_horn_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/French_horn_Berlin.jpg/135px-French_horn_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/French_horn_Berlin.jpg/180px-French_horn_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A French horn in Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_horn_blue_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A rose gold French Horn"><img alt="A rose gold French Horn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/French_horn_blue_background.jpg/120px-French_horn_blue_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/French_horn_blue_background.jpg/180px-French_horn_blue_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/French_horn_blue_background.jpg/240px-French_horn_blue_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="2220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A rose gold French Horn</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_for_horn" title="List of compositions for horn">List of compositions for horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horn_makers" title="List of horn makers">List of horn makers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horn_techniques" title="List of horn techniques">List of horn techniques</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Walter-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walter_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPiston1955" class="citation book cs1">Piston, Walter (1955). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/orchestration0000pist"><i>Orchestration</i></a></span> (1st ed.). New York: Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393097405" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393097405"><bdi>978-0393097405</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/300471">300471</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orchestration&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F300471&rft.isbn=978-0393097405&rft.aulast=Piston&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Forchestration0000pist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitener-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitener_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitener1990" class="citation book cs1">Whitener, Scott and Cathy L. (1990). <i>A complete guide to brass : instruments and pedagogy</i>. New York: Schirmer Books. pp. 40, 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0028728612" title="Special:BookSources/978-0028728612"><bdi>978-0028728612</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19128016">19128016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+complete+guide+to+brass+%3A+instruments+and+pedagogy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=40%2C+44&rft.pub=Schirmer+Books&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19128016&rft.isbn=978-0028728612&rft.aulast=Whitener&rft.aufirst=Scott+and+Cathy+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope" class="citation web cs1">Pope, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://poperepair.com/alexander-107-descant-w-stopping-valve-7800">"Alexander 107 Descant w/Stopping Valve - $7800"</a>. <i>Pope Instrument Repair</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pope+Instrument+Repair&rft.atitle=Alexander+107+Descant+w%2FStopping+Valve+-+%247800&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoperepair.com%2Falexander-107-descant-w-stopping-valve-7800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AOFHP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AOFHP_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AOFHP_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AOFHP_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AOFHP_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarkas1956" class="citation book cs1">Farkas, Philip (1956). <i>The art of French horn playing : a treatise on the problems and techniques of French Horn playing …</i>. Evanston, Il.: Summy-Birchard. pp. 6, 21, 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0874870213" title="Special:BookSources/978-0874870213"><bdi>978-0874870213</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5587694">5587694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+art+of+French+horn+playing+%3A+a+treatise+on+the+problems+and+techniques+of+French+Horn+playing+%E2%80%A6&rft.place=Evanston%2C+Il.&rft.pages=6%2C+21%2C+65&rft.pub=Summy-Birchard&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5587694&rft.isbn=978-0874870213&rft.aulast=Farkas&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beakes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beakes_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beakes_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeakes2007" class="citation book cs1">Beakes, Jennifer (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zpOAnQEACAAJ"><i>The Horn Parts in Handel's Operas and Oratorios and the Horn Players who Performed in These Works</i></a>. City University of New York. pp. 50, 116–18, 176, 223–25, 439–40, 444–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Horn+Parts+in+Handel%27s+Operas+and+Oratorios+and+the+Horn+Players+who+Performed+in+These+Works&rft.pages=50%2C+116-18%2C+176%2C+223-25%2C+439-40%2C+444-45&rft.pub=City+University+of+New+York&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Beakes&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzpOAnQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Del_Mar-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Del_Mar_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDel_Mar1983" class="citation book cs1">Del Mar, Norman (1983). <i>Anatomy of the orchestra</i> (2nd print., with revisions ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520045002" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520045002"><bdi>978-0520045002</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10561390">10561390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+the+orchestra&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=215&rft.edition=2nd+print.%2C+with+revisions&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10561390&rft.isbn=978-0520045002&rft.aulast=Del+Mar&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meek1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meek1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeek" class="citation web cs1">Meek, Harold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513060719/https://www.hornsociety.org/home/ihs-news/26-people/honorary/61-harold-meek-1914-1998">"Harold Meek (1914–1998)"</a>. <i>International Horn Society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hornsociety.org/home/ihs-news/26-people/honorary/61-harold-meek-1914-1998">the original</a> on 2021-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-04</span></span>. <q>Harold Meek is described by everyone as a gentleman, a perfectionist, and one who loved the horn. He was the first editor of <i>The Horn Call</i> and was responsible for this statement in every issue, 'The International Horn Society recommends that HORN be recognized as the correct name for our instrument in the English language.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Horn+Society&rft.atitle=Harold+Meek+%281914%E2%80%931998%29&rft.aulast=Meek&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hornsociety.org%2Fhome%2Fihs-news%2F26-people%2Fhonorary%2F61-harold-meek-1914-1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meek2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meek2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeek1971" class="citation journal cs1">Meek, Harold (February 1971). "The Horn!". <i>The Horn Call</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 19–20. <q>Meek strongly advocates using the term 'horn' rather than 'French horn.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Horn+Call&rft.atitle=The+Horn%21&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-20&rft.date=1971-02&rft.aulast=Meek&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baines-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baines_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaines1976" class="citation book cs1">Baines, Anthony (1976). <i>Brass instruments : their history and development</i>. New York: Scribner. pp. 221–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684152295" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684152295"><bdi>978-0684152295</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3795926">3795926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brass+instruments+%3A+their+history+and+development&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=221-23&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3795926&rft.isbn=978-0684152295&rft.aulast=Baines&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926081238/http://omeka1.grinnell.edu/MusicalInstruments/items/show/193">"Grinell College Musical"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omeka1.grinnell.edu/MusicalInstruments/items/show/193">the original</a> on 2015-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grinell+College+Musical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomeka1.grinnell.edu%2FMusicalInstruments%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meek3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meek3_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeek1997" class="citation book cs1">Meek, Harold L. (1997). <i>Horn and conductor : reminiscences of a practitioner with a few words of advice</i>. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1878822833" title="Special:BookSources/978-1878822833"><bdi>978-1878822833</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35636932">35636932</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Horn+and+conductor+%3A+reminiscences+of+a+practitioner+with+a+few+words+of+advice&rft.place=Rochester%2C+NY&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=University+of+Rochester+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35636932&rft.isbn=978-1878822833&rft.aulast=Meek&rft.aufirst=Harold+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., the performance of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_B_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass in B Minor">Mass in B Minor</a></i> as performed by the <a href="/wiki/The_Proms" class="mw-redirect" title="The Proms"> Proms</a> of London in the movement from 45:40 onward in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7F7TVM8m95Y">"Mass in B Minor"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Mass+in+B+Minor&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7F7TVM8m95Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckwell1983" class="citation book cs1">Tuckwell, Barry (1983). <i>Horn</i>. New York: Schirmer Books. pp. 41–46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-871530-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-871530-6"><bdi>0-02-871530-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Horn&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=41-46&rft.pub=Schirmer+Books&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-02-871530-6&rft.aulast=Tuckwell&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Backus, John, <i>The Acoustical Foundations of Music</i>, 2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1977),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-09096-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-09096-5">0-393-09096-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEricson" class="citation web cs1">Ericson, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hornmatters.com/2008/12/what-is-a-compensating-double/">"What is a Compensating Double?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+Compensating+Double%3F&rft.aulast=Ericson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hornmatters.com%2F2008%2F12%2Fwhat-is-a-compensating-double%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEricson" class="citation web cs1">Ericson, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.public.asu.edu/~jqerics/descant-triple.html">"Playing Descant and Triple Horns"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Playing+Descant+and+Triple+Horns&rft.aulast=Ericson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.public.asu.edu%2F~jqerics%2Fdescant-triple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiagram_Group.1976" class="citation book cs1">Diagram Group. (1976). <i>Musical instruments of the world</i>. Published for Unicef by Facts On File. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0871963205" title="Special:BookSources/0871963205"><bdi>0871963205</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/223164947">223164947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Musical+instruments+of+the+world&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Published+for+Unicef+by+Facts+On+File&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F223164947&rft.isbn=0871963205&rft.au=Diagram+Group.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonks2006" class="citation web cs1">Monks, Greg (2006-01-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alsmiddlebrasspages.com/mellophone/history.html">"The History of the Mellophone"</a>. Al's Mellophone Page<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Mellophone&rft.pub=Al%27s+Mellophone+Page&rft.date=2006-01-06&rft.aulast=Monks&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alsmiddlebrasspages.com%2Fmellophone%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mellophones, as indicated, use the same fingering as trumpets and are operated by the right hand.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEricson2010" class="citation web cs1">Ericson, John (28 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hornmatters.com/2010/03/horn-sections-with-and-without-an-associate-principal/">"Horn Sections with and Without an associate principal"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Horn+Sections+with+and+Without+an+associate+principal&rft.date=2010-03-28&rft.aulast=Ericson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhornmatters.com%2F2010%2F03%2Fhorn-sections-with-and-without-an-associate-principal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacon" class="citation web cs1">Bacon, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hornplanet.com/hornpage/museum/articles/associate.html">"The Horn Section"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081850/http://www.hornplanet.com/hornpage/museum/articles/associate.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Horn+Section&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hornplanet.com%2Fhornpage%2Fmuseum%2Farticles%2Fassociate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRees2009" class="citation book cs1">Rees, Jasper (2009). <i>A Devil to Play</i>. HarperCollins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Devil+to+Play&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Jasper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+horn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_horn&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Horn/Repertoire" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Horn/Repertoire">Horn/Repertoire</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Horn" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Horn">Horn</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Horn_(class_of_wind_instruments)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Horn (class of wind instruments)">Horn (class of wind instruments)</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hornsociety.org/">Homepage of the International Horn Society</a>, one of the largest organizations of horn players in the world.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-horn.org/">British Horn Society</a>, UK-based organisation for horn playing</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510062528/http://www.finkehorns.de/Bilder/first-steps.mov">First steps of making a horn by hand</a> (QuickTime Movie) at Finke Horns</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140712070243/http://www.cosmos-club.org/web/journals/1999/bowles.html">From mines to music: The venerable valve</a>, by musicologist Edmund A. Bowles</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paxman.co.uk/pages/index.html?http%3A//www.paxman.co.uk/pages/horncentre/hornmaintenance.html">Horn maintenance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630034425/http://www.paxman.co.uk/pages/index.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paxman.co.uk%2Fpages%2Fhorncentre%2Fhornmaintenance.html">Archived</a> 2017-06-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Paxman, compiled with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Souza" title="Simon de Souza">Simon de Souza</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013143/http://www.finkehorns.de/English/ServiceVentile.html">How to dismantle a valve</a> at Finke Horns</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hornetudes.com">Horn Etudes</a> - List of horn etudes</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brass_instruments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brass_instruments" title="Template:Brass instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brass_instruments" title="Template talk:Brass instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brass_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brass instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brass_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">Trumpet</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_trumpet" title="Contrabass trumpet">Contrabass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_trumpet" title="Bass trumpet">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccolo_trumpet" title="Piccolo trumpet">Piccolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_trumpet" title="Pocket trumpet">Pocket trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanfare_trumpet" title="Fanfare trumpet">Fanfare trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebird_(trumpet)" title="Firebird (trumpet)">Firebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flumpet" title="Flumpet">Flumpet</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cornet" title="Cornet">Cornet</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_cornet" title="Soprano cornet">Soprano cornet</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">Horn</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugle" title="Bugle">Bugle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_horn" title="German horn">German horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_horn" title="Vienna horn">Vienna horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_tuba" title="Wagner tuba">Wagner tuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">Trombone</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_trombone" title="Contrabass trombone">Contrabass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_trombone" title="Bass trombone">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_trombone" title="Alto trombone">Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_trombone" title="Soprano trombone">Soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superbone" title="Superbone">Superbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbasso" title="Cimbasso">Cimbasso</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saxhorn" title="Saxhorn">Saxhorn</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baritone_horn" title="Baritone horn">Baritone horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_horn" title="Tenor horn">Alto/Tenor horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flugelhorn" title="Flugelhorn">Flugelhorn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiscorn" title="Fiscorn">Fiscorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhlohorn" title="Kuhlohorn">Kuhlohorn</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">Tuba</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subcontrabass_tuba" title="Subcontrabass tuba">Subcontrabass tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphonium" title="Euphonium">Euphonium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_bell_euphonium" title="Double bell euphonium">Double bell euphonium</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(instrument)" title="Clarion (instrument)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornett" title="Cornett">Cornett</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornettino" title="Cornettino">Cornettino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mute_cornett" title="Mute cornett">Mute cornett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_cornett" title="Tenor cornett">Tenor cornett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornu_(horn)" title="Cornu (horn)">Cornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dord_(instrument)" title="Dord (instrument)">Dord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">Natural horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_horn" title="Post horn">Post horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_trumpet" title="Natural trumpet">Natural trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_trumpet" title="Baroque trumpet">Baroque trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccina" title="Buccina">Buccina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_trumpet" title="Slide trumpet">Slide trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccin" title="Buccin">Buccin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sackbut" title="Sackbut">Sackbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicon_(instrument)" title="Helicon (instrument)">Helicon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soprano_helicon" title="Soprano helicon">Soprano helicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophicleide" title="Ophicleide">Ophicleide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_(instrument)" title="Serpent (instrument)">Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudrophone" title="Sudrophone">Sudrophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxtuba" title="Saxtuba">Saxtuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxotromba" title="Saxotromba">Saxotromba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazooka_(instrument)" title="Bazooka (instrument)">Bazooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazzophone" title="Jazzophone">Jazzophone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphorn" title="Alphorn">Alphorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabal_(instrument)" title="Nabal (instrument)">Nabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuvuzela" title="Vuvuzela">Vuvuzela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyele" title="Nyele">Nyele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringa" title="Sringa">Sringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_horn" title="Tibetan horn">Tibetan horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazza" title="Wazza">Wazza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marching_brass" title="Marching brass"> Marching</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mellophone" title="Mellophone">Mellophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone_horn#Marching_baritone_horn" title="Baritone horn">Marching baritone horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphonium#Marching" title="Euphonium">Marching euphonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombonium" title="Trombonium">Trombonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sousaphone" title="Sousaphone">Sousaphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrabass_bugle" title="Contrabass bugle">Contrabass bugle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts/technique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument_valve" title="Brass instrument valve">Valves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piston_valve" title="Piston valve">Piston valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_valve" title="Rotary valve">Rotary valve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mute_(music)#Brass" title="Mute (music)">Mutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-stopping" title="Hand-stopping">Hand-stopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embouchure" title="Embouchure">Embouchure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouthpiece_(brass)" title="Mouthpiece (brass)">Mouthpiece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falset_(music)" title="Falset (music)">Falset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_tone" title="Pedal tone">Pedal tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_(wind_instruments)" title="Bore (wind instruments)">Bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_oil" title="Valve oil">Valve oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_(music)" title="Crook (music)">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadpipe" title="Leadpipe">Leadpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_key" title="Water key">Water key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_flow_valve" title="Axial flow valve">Axial flow valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">Harmonic series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">Brass band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_brass_band" title="British brass band">British brass band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_brass" title="Balkan brass">Balkan brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_quintet" title="Brass quintet">Brass quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bugle_corps_(classic)" title="Drum and bugle corps (classic)">Drum and bugle corps (classic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bugle_corps_(modern)" title="Drum and bugle corps (modern)">Drum and bugle corps (modern)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trumpeters" title="List of trumpeters">(all) Trumpeters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trumpeters" title="List of jazz trumpeters">Jazz trumpeters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horn_players" title="List of horn players">Horn players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_classical_trombonists" title="List of classical trombonists">Classical trombonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trombonists" title="List of jazz trombonists">Jazz trombonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_euphonium_players" title="List of euphonium players">Euphonium players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tubists" title="List of tubists">Tubists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_of_brass_instruments" title="Pitch of brass instruments">Pitch of brass instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_section" title="Brass section">Brass section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_euphonium,_baritone_horn_and_tenor_horn_manufacturers" title="List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers">List of euphonium, baritone horn and tenor horn manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4188979-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85061988">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563451">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lesní roh"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph135192&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007565306105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/f9abcd44-52d6-4424-b3a0-67f003bbbf3d">MusicBrainz instrument</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_horn&oldid=1258485143">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_horn&oldid=1258485143</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Concert_band_instruments" title="Category:Concert band instruments">Concert band instruments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:F_instruments" title="Category:F 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