CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91773cd4ba0c8de9',cH: 'UJrh2AUJFGAPycoGQGTY9wxujBUytkbxphYmlZ5s7qo-1740481708-1.2.1.1-JD1txpphx_zgrlnMBpb0gjCTgVYSK.F.SihsztbJnM.bYU8lF2Y1HoC6FsPHROMe',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/1360612.1360668?__cf_chl_tk=OSwlI_k2ouF_ewB7jYf_l7hZnBHarEkIJwX3NL99mKI-1740481708-1.0.1.1-eB7ZQfKyT6PbAtHFV3Z5qHuXphlEClZiNenBFOv8C_o",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740481708',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/1360612.1360668?__cf_chl_f_tk=OSwlI_k2ouF_ewB7jYf_l7hZnBHarEkIJwX3NL99mKI-1740481708-1.0.1.1-eB7ZQfKyT6PbAtHFV3Z5qHuXphlEClZiNenBFOv8C_o",md: "UFBwAETZ0Oz6PY19osOA3D_Bz2oJnIwkJoxOiEaRGG4-1740481708-1.2.1.1-FSI1._57XViVcgQHY9VDkBEU7WD8vHySx7QbIntK1J.Bh00wlwwwxSQ0U.tGW.AXZnriar0aSFboKBSMDL2DWprLzjksfDLOyNahI_nwnJ86nUAsnK5KWBInxAABW5sZvQSdpgBCvvzTUmdfhA.YuHCaKWeIqrSkwhMTkHNGsSUQGk_2NuMBAn2Nbrq8elvEjpHPbTCLglym.Rcr25YZrYo.ih7MPk9EetZUCRCEcU95EyomMA3ZB64PWC1viy9b3m7XhFy.05ePa8s2GDbwIPOH_yPbU1MLBocGKqZ324qBFJkKTZqxtOwkWByIVcmhetAcKg0Ka4hLzAdDzdGMQ0pCidLUqthX0Hgj4e7.bGia.MHMd6gvVZdOnULTG7kFEZCTzN6VNJic7PYJMAHzNWwy4RZBp7SU1RaH7fNffBYXhMrRKFlPtlv6TLgvfkojb5DlnOqyY7oceZfykK1a3_KXSeh5Jh5giV3bCcp5QC4mUKLGSorlnKDpWUMuj8plt_D0cq4quKUOu4QJn7MB7YAY3VAZVyBKR.srBlQrp6fOhIWGzok136Z0VICaDN91aOir8Utls7Sjnc3t50TNCdDDqq8ASba8HToCEuzpWmdCeml7rXXo1InY0RX6TWPnL_PbLT70ahkOdMG5FYZJ7v0.LsomXx8AsUCcjNp1YjxxQJZN9YNEdzAyu55H7Yt72WACLElwlpKv3rK_rhkElI4GbKb7T61A85Z7MCMenFreVVMDAuOb4fgeMTdsFWXiG5dTXl8Ubq9r6l8QhprmPFc7QM5iFzuBJQZ4xfZw8.70N5B_5jbZIaqcQOa.PyL0U65Qv1.ZWwyMGbRJVb3KiH9m73zY88dShNnkf4ot4HwGYSyGdpVQLfkgZa4SlpxG7m6JGFGCoy9BsY86zGFA9ir2JsdxRWehAX3tOBlR7FcTgxp7H.CkQAiMW30H4lRxHV39qXkR7oUJpc4xYyJcGnoCekh040fgaTDOrVirFGnJ.AnUSJ0nJ7v2WXLSeLi4Es0W7OAL01TXL4w_kC612lbH1vVUnjAwWzibls8I9caWHTmrWdPXUlKe47i0l16LFDYVTeBoR6NGKdPhsCAANEMy989ZBOf96hODpvEcC4ntFQr2SUitZDpRA6ufG2l5lCQhL8v4aQi3_o3SrjWFZ59eS5Xb2DegpWpvh49p0ed_Ysk_Ao0.gQtzk5gWowRj9q.7WwDXUqE65udSw2bbRM9iUi6sXD78xj_7DoZM4LuyrXXy7MHdaQ0NXeKq7VHP9DV3qFsQTcTfBNwRhBGr8cVPfAwEGsZtTc_145grKlEAc3viU87nfK3G6knOurwm6LRAWCJgCkzt_PcoVjVVmxrkqdFuqcPt.CQut4KmM997opB2st3L0TFA_c5Sg_q58w6XfgdvdUyg9R6AzlXIXBnTnYaxJMqTflUD0mZGD98VQ7YjZhzSsNZ9fa1jHTvP51bRAwuoNKSjeP3y.VL.wa0HNDI0Iwf_.tfRJdNRYEkwBkVuehq2a9AVtEp3AXCBG6derPDt6a.Vfn5sqAxhARow5bAUZmrSsPJ1wTXTytw2zaY.hrNUNgYqXJjbSnJoXaWqaJqSLuFaC6xU8YrA.WiDysJJXPvQm9Wwe0.1oPRqZYtdTk.iebPhmz.ejUoqX.1g72oV8JOj99JMnnZva0dY2RJKkPAzGngfQYsWc7QLjScvpPKSmDgKwAmlrqlm2EhDz5PjIvD9q4j4Qn_CT1zXy7zhlNMKvyLKUhjQ5wuTgRVlIR.OKQfc9gezH97RsPo2F9eO5vrtpp8HJ4p.fHA9slsOlisqoaDjN3E0nUJRQEqYtPXcBvSRHbwcffNqSxvTOqIspfWTr22.2TqqhFhkX8.fkYPsD0xVEcMUzG6LrPtIy8v0MJQaNGB_psbDgw6Yk4AVEj2q48cSlZypLrlYV_Kv6296hAfQu0_l8XIQThzrXBdAVyvB602gxiYONHrnLBgUnZth9237j1Te1Y9.7OS0jsY.uQN46VQ.TGUaGtCef66VbkzM5YBuXRUyjiicJqurZkfp2t5yqFuO68sqLBGK_wKvNA2QAewIfmlghniBgakPOnX4jS5q3_ZwGUE0oyxLQ.BXUw0OkF4zVOm2LwAdkIg2FOJ7AeaICVg1IizAjtg2v8g2PI9WqqpqtV6h_dARFQd9af2TJvrx7uCN3ok452Ap3v3fOOBk9yQxqQSp2kN55r9BjcI78ls4XXVh2LdHNZQZvqFKbN6FZQmzL0AvIXkQvPuyrZQ29ORtbPwj5AtK_u09yu2aW0qTe.48YO_e_3_k.giw4jsflthM48NWx1nAnNjetkqe9HHu.XhaSm27fKMnYJfF5vEnQgCo.MgLbuHvwiuCUoLwg7SLxlKnW5uw5LFh9JPcTWtMObNZIbDEwj4kEAS1CAtLfrb0ak9YXxgtK9aw5fd2B5HEXR_1U2Hf_pK.XJQgDyAC4LPeQRdzufHlFQ4M1RhUU60kBPwQp45t0G5CYFerv9ghvyEkZlb5LmW3rJEcl_.q9Irv36hsBnRPrqCu_cMg1W.GVi43uJXT6BtkfUaR_5QtxLD2HF6VMiJWhJtpL1p8jpLozfiY2Hx9Pm9Kd9wX",mdrd: "pm8dvcO6ZpGODXSs8eM.xzx3r2G7oPi0ARd4FDBsTw4-1740481708-1.2.1.1-aq_wyUR1Q0zBNPc0dgWKCcjOvUm2mOVTMza5wAPcrHywY6kwBXSCNl5P_X81jL.OWKhygMq2kyAuz9Vybp9arIotg1PifrBGtcNTmDwSPdn6Bzx6CpriNnD76tUzXsV2js.ZZomGLoIWOpCyaAQUEpUSNE0LAx5oGGFuYA0o22DTVrYs7DWvXKWlyZAzX2u2iPmT7VmC6b.UIU9noEuvrx8K7lWsLCjrT6bkMXtG6jF.k2hS5_I2taJiJQ1K_i3bVkVkIgoBcv59bwq2Pzuu01_vjofnAPMTbgBfrZbC8NzvdgUOKxs89OhyK_AWJ5ukFCEEmjQ6ePX.BwWFOhKg4I37WenZZrXjQI_cUQV8ywH_TPWYIPbZcBqHAf_yq8tBs15BMLvh21IV1qMELHxrE0JKJfnLt7e8yIpK2jgiRD5xdKBLbWtqzguMw2SzI4OGnL1GegOWCnDxeOpdRWE.NdMxwQhnPyMet_x1f5jof85pzF9S0FnkpLXQuPHQUqIgD.giOWM1a2MpPQVX0lJBsFCJ_HqM5ZOulxw2v8ROwo3WDMHvinoZajTUa1wXf6_i6fVLXSqvLpCutEg6tYvHvKmomYm6wriqMbPowEzFDISYCTlP_rg4.wLThAoXeWqKVuOWjjUYOhjVFrcMEnjyU68lchxgTgQPHD6TDtEKg6MG8NRydp4I9QjTy9EHKkoYGnCadr3cgEqB5z2GlZO7KV4uFO6vrpFUEB8C6Ogi0St5H1iU02rZ7RibnEdZwVF8K2EYLXw7ib4vlHPSQ4uVkv7yYDcbFaR58iKCvnHow6CcVy1Nul9LF_7Gt4WGRJ4.t_rC0L3CrnkZ24d5ov6VipUIRs3vr6gCnRYnLwv2XYu6BjYj4IsFiimnNKLhIeH8c7B0Fyd1o7gyJ_Ob7cy8HcvWe_QkRcuAiNgGsNhW2T7yFzQY7RZmvReVD51GvyoJHgyiBxWebzxAjw8DTbFWNeAwpQ4cD.A2_zGvcHViQnS3GW_wD2msaEV1ZcVClSTlxfAyPjScq6Xx2lZygLIIDSuC4u2lmfu75A56_B2m0btr5Xdxo8MOUHkUGSRtJkVvMlwlbRqUwmf_vmX.o8NfSVD6pE9t0pk32QmUmRhm0O9i5ZQ6bI0PepApZXGRXRvesYyTOTYgJiRzfTZC4dLZJ_yLw2Yia2mF334o5bw0W2wuFRJnbOHSoIZnxVBlH4EAojxyWH86fvubCfBI2Xt8fKmAroWl7443l4h.OM8WDl7VyEdeJt3lw0DdWGcIntzABbgV3YsU.LpoRPljsAVlGPcvh4jBCd1gOvu065E4f6tAaLZiGivsJSjonhr25ObAE4.SpfT1HBjxa9CZpCYt1zgU3S7dbcg.iwmggun6A6TcuM0QLlj4LcLNyvBLR2XIXLAMgrJsnOBAeinGuqjUPvv6V6v76kEwyIpPIZfD_Kn_5WVS8jGyDNDdaVls.Y8i9hAI5AgGhkJGOuPRy1U4BIf2m2TyCJBw7z5UkxuuzYVYaZPIHxMK3Owl5Rj5T4VQVWfN.A9Kxf8Tta_90RvZqRo4LD.hhyw.gFoYQcKAhJfcxwdcH6iQ3ccdEoXf_QjU5ZwQcMz0vPE6RnYACbwIr5FWLZNqnefWe5Q6Pha_PCOa8o4GvqkhpW5Bjxqanj4msk2ov1pe4tdYD8Q82jzgxX_BmvfTirPjUcL7t8kgtOirp_50z.Osuuc2HXqk5GlL4kwwoMngA4eqf3GA3T5E0HNJKbFhQydc7yXLLNgHIudtN5M86i.hDApxJcuB9BTclzrkFL4lFev7XmlZ4RPVKRmz_bM160PHOcDT3Sb_hnF4xXFkLCAeUMoik8A3LOFkaOdFPhKRgLzMSFewTTnHiYFuxMNnxLEINpqjuyFadQcE6NtZ2PjUWbUMk8sa0jeiD3JUWAl_gV87RkEbOSkVnA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91773cd4ba0c8de9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/1360612.1360668?__cf_chl_rt_tk=OSwlI_k2ouF_ewB7jYf_l7hZnBHarEkIJwX3NL99mKI-1740481708-1.0.1.1-eB7ZQfKyT6PbAtHFV3Z5qHuXphlEClZiNenBFOv8C_o" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>