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class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Turgut Özal</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width:52px"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" height="39" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204"/></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help <a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <small><i>(August 2008)</i></small></span></td> </tr> </table> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 22em"> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="n" style="text-align: center; font-size: 132%;"><span class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size:76%; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Reis-i Cumhur</a></span><br/> <span class="fn">Halil Turgut Özal</span></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turgut_%C3%96zal_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Turgut Özal (cropped).jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Turgut_%C3%96zal_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Turgut_%C3%96zal_%28cropped%29.jpg" width="220" height="293" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Turgut_%C3%96zal_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Turgut_%C3%96zal_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Turgut_%C3%96zal_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Turgut_%C3%96zal_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="829"/></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lavender; text-align: center"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Turkey" title="List of Presidents of Turkey">8th</a> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br/> 9 November 1989 – 17 April 1993</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lavender; text-align: center"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br/> 13 December 1983 – 31 October 1989</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">President</th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Deputy</th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaya_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaya Erdem (page does not exist)">Kaya Erdem</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Bozer" title="Ali Bozer">Ali Bozer</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClend_Ulusu" title="Bülend Ulusu" class="mw-redirect">Bülend Ulusu</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lavender; text-align: center">Leader of the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br/> 20 May 1983 – 31 October 1989</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th> <td><i>Party established</i></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lavender; text-align: center"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey">Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey</a><br/> <small style="font-size:85%;">serving alongside <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeyyat_Baykara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeyyat Baykara (page does not exist)">Zeyyat Baykara</a></small></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br/> 20 September 1980 – 14 July 1982</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClend_Ulusu" title="Bülend Ulusu" class="mw-redirect">Bülend Ulusu</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turhan_Feyzio%C4%9Flu" title="Turhan Feyzioğlu">Turhan Feyzioğlu</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaya_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaya Erdem (page does not exist)">Kaya Erdem</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lavender; text-align: center"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" title="Member of Parliament" class="mw-redirect">Member</a> of the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly" title="Grand National Assembly" class="mw-redirect">Grand National Assembly</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br/> 6 November 1983 – 9 November 1989</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Constituency</th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_(electoral_district)" title="Istanbul (electoral district)" class="mw-redirect">Istanbul</a> (<a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_1983" title="Turkish general election, 1983">1983</a>, <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_1987" title="Turkish general election, 1987">1987</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: lavender; text-align: center">Personal details</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Born</th> <td><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-10-13</span>)</span>13 October 1927<br/> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a>, <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Died</th> <td>17 April 1993<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1993-04-17</span>)</span> (aged 65)<br/> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Political party</th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">ANAP</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Spouse(s)</th> <td>Ayhan İnal (m. 1952, div. 1952)<br/> Semra Özal (m. 1954)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Children</th> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_Technical_University" title="Istanbul Technical University">Istanbul Technical University</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Religion</th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Signature</th> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turgut_%C3%96zal_Signature.svg" class="image" title="Turgut Özal's signature"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turgut_%C3%96zal_Signature.svg/99px-Turgut_%C3%96zal_Signature.svg.png" width="99" height="80" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turgut_%C3%96zal_Signature.svg/149px-Turgut_%C3%96zal_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turgut_%C3%96zal_Signature.svg/198px-Turgut_%C3%96zal_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="163"/></a></td> </tr> </table> <p><b>Halil Turgut Özal</b> (<small>Turkish pronunciation: </small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Turkish,_Azerbaijani_and_Turkmen" title="Help:IPA for Turkish, Azerbaijani and Turkmen">[tuɾˈɡut øˈzaɫ]</a></span>; 13 October 1927 – 17 April 1993) was the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Turkey" title="List of Presidents of Turkey">8th</a> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a> from 1989 to 1993. He previously served as the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey" title="List of Prime Ministers of Turkey">26th</a> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a> from 1983 to 1989 as the leader of the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a>. He was the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey">Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey</a> in the military government of <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClend_Ulusu" title="Bülend Ulusu" class="mw-redirect">Bülend Ulusu</a> between 1980 and 1982.</p> <p>After working briefly at the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> in the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America" class="mw-redirect">United States</a> and as an university lecturer, Özal became the general secretary and later the leader of the main miners' <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_Union" title="Trade Union" class="mw-redirect">trade union</a> of Turkey in 1979, serving as a chief negotiator during large-scale <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_action" title="Industrial action">industrial action</a> in 1977. He unsuccessfully stood for <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly" title="Grand National Assembly" class="mw-redirect">Parliament</a> in the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_1977" title="Turkish general election, 1977">1977 general election</a> as a <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party</a> (MSP) candidate from <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>. In 1979, he became an <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undersecretary" title="Undersecretary">undersecretary</a> to Prime Minister <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a>'s minority government until the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_coup_in_Turkey,_1980" title="Military coup in Turkey, 1980" class="mw-redirect">1980 military coup</a>. As an undersecretary, he played a major role in developing economic reforms, known as the '24th January decisions,' which paved the way for greater <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a> of the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Turkey" title="Economy of Turkey">Turkish economy</a>. After the coup, he was appointed as the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey">Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey</a> responsible for the economy in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ulusu" title="Bülent Ulusu">Bülent Ulusu's</a> and continued to implement economic reforms. He resigned in 1982 following disagreements over economic policy.<sup id="cite_ref-afterkemal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afterkemal-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Özal formed the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a> (ANAP) in 1983 after the ban on political parties were lifted by the military government. ANAP won a parliamentary majority in the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_1983" title="Turkish general election, 1983">1983 general election</a> and Özal subsequently became the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a>. While implementing several economic reforms concerning the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">exchange rate</a> and deregulation, a rise in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> and the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93PKK_conflict" title="Turkey–PKK conflict">growing conflict</a> with <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKK" title="PKK" class="mw-redirect">Kurdish separatists</a> led to ANAP winning reduced pluralities in the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_local_elections,_1984" title="Turkish local elections, 1984">1984 local elections</a>. Despite a <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_constitutional_referendum,_1987" title="Turkish constitutional referendum, 1987">referendum in 1987</a> allowing politicians banned during the 1980 coup to resume political activities, ANAP was re-elected with a parliamentary majority in the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_1987" title="Turkish general election, 1987">1987 general election</a>, albeit with a reduced share of the vote. He survived an assassination attempt during a party congress in 1988. Özal's foreign policy focused on averting war with <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> following the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismik_incident" title="Sismik incident" class="mw-redirect">Şimşek Incident</a> and temporarily allowed Turkish citizens in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> to return to Turkey.</p> <p>Özal was elected <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of the Turkish Republic</a> in the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_presidential_election,_1989" title="Turkish presidential election, 1989">1989 presidential election</a>, while <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a> replaced him as Prime Minister. Despite assuming a ceremonial role with minimal political duties, Özal remained occupied with government activities, such as intervening in the 1990 <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonguldak" title="Zonguldak">Zonguldak</a> miners' strikes. While Akbulut took a docile approach as Prime Minister, disputes over the President's and Prime Minister's duties were dominant when <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a> became Prime Minister after the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_1991" title="Turkish general election, 1991">1991 general election</a>. The <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_Project" title="Southeastern Anatolia Project">Southeastern Anatolia development project</a> began with the construction of the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_Dam" title="Atatürk Dam">Atatürk Dam</a> in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" title="Şanlıurfa">Şanlıurfa</a>, while Özal participated in the first ever summit of <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Turkic_dynasties_and_countries" title="List of Turkic dynasties and countries">Turkic Republics</a> in 1992 held in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>. He maintained close relations with the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> during the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> and the end of the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. Özal died unexpectedly while in office in 1993, with an exhumation in 2012 leading to evidence of poisoning. A trial charging a retired general <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levent_Ers%C3%B6z" title="Levent Ersöz">Levent Ersöz</a> with his assassination began in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life_and_career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life and career</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Political_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Political career</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Motherland_Party_era"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Motherland Party era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Assassination_attempt"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Assassination attempt</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Presidency"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Presidency</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Armenian_Genocide"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Armenian Genocide</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Death_and_exhumation"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Death and exhumation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Family"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Family</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Turgut Özal was born in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a> to a <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> family with partial <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_people" title="Kurdish people" class="mw-redirect">Kurdish</a> roots. He completed elementary school in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silifke" title="Silifke">Silifke</a>, middle school in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a>, and high school in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a>. Özal studied electrical engineering at <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_Technical_University" title="Istanbul Technical University">Istanbul Technical University</a>, graduating in 1950.</p> <p>Between 1950 and 1952, he worked at the State Electrical Power Planning Administration and continued his studies in the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on electrical energy and engineering management between 1952–1953. After his return to Turkey, he worked in the same organization again on electrification projects until 1958. Özal was in the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Planning_Organization_(Turkey)" title="State Planning Organization (Turkey)">State Planning Organization</a> in 1959, and in the Planning Coordination Department in 1960. After his military service in 1961, he worked at several state organizations in leading positions and lectured at ODTÜ (<a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Technical_University" title="Middle East Technical University">Middle East Technical University</a>). The <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> employed him between 1971–1973<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Then, he was chairman of some private Turkish companies<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> until 1979. Back to the state service, he was <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undersecretary" title="Undersecretary">undersecretary</a> to the Prime minister <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a> until the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_coup_in_Turkey,_1980" title="Military coup in Turkey, 1980" class="mw-redirect">military coup</a> on 12 September 1980.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_career">Political career</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The military rulers under <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a> appointed him state minister and <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_prime_minister" title="Deputy prime minister">deputy prime minister</a> in charge of economic affairs until July 1982.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Motherland_Party_era">Motherland Party era</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Motherland Party era">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>On 20 May 1983 he founded the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a> (<a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <span lang="tr" xml:lang="tr"><i>Anavatan Partisi</i></span>) and became its <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_Motherland_Party" title="Leader of Motherland Party" class="mw-redirect">leader</a>. His party won the elections and he formed the government to become the 19th Prime minister on 13 December 1983. In 1987 he again became prime minister after winning elections.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>He became the head of the transformation of the social and economic outlook of Turkey which led by the Motherland Party due to the wider global trend of neo-liberal transformation with anti-labor-union discourses.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Assassination_attempt">Assassination attempt</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Assassination attempt">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>On 18 June 1988 he survived an assassination attempt during the party congress. One bullet wounded his finger while another bullet missed his head. The assassin, <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartal_Demira%C4%9F" title="Kartal Demirağ">Kartal Demirağ</a>, was captured and sentenced to life imprisonment but pardoned by Özal in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-20yil_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20yil-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Demirağ was allegedly a <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Guerrilla" title="Counter-Guerrilla">Counter-Guerrilla</a>, contracted by the movement's hawkish leader, General <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabri_Yirmibe%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Sabri Yirmibeşoğlu">Sabri Yirmibeşoğlu</a>. Two months later, Yirmibeşoğlu became the Secretary-General of the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Turkey)" title="National Security Council (Turkey)">National Security Council</a>. During Yirmibeşoğlu's tenure as secretary general, Özal heard about the allegations of Yirmibeşoğlu's role in the affair and forced him into retirement.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> In late 2008, Demirağ was re-tried by the Ankara 11th Heavy Penal Court and sentenced to twenty years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-20yil_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20yil-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> In 2013 Özal's son <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_%C3%96zal" title="Ahmet Özal">Ahmet Özal</a> said that several months before the assassination attempt Özal had survived a plane incident in which his official plane lost an engine and crash-landed. The manufacturer later reported a 95% probability that the plane would have exploded under the circumstances present.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Presidency">Presidency</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Presidency">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bush_ozal_bos.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bush_ozal_bos.jpg/220px-Bush_ozal_bos.jpg" width="220" height="154" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bush_ozal_bos.jpg/330px-Bush_ozal_bos.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Bush_ozal_bos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="245"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bush_ozal_bos.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Turgut Özal and <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George Bush</a> in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>On 9 November 1989, Özal became the eighth <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">president of Turkey</a> elected by the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly of Turkey</a> and the first president to be born in the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey" title="Republic of Turkey" class="mw-redirect">Republic of Turkey</a> rather than the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.</p> <p>With the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1985-1991)#Yeltsin_and_the_dissolution_of_the_USSR" title="History of the Soviet Union (1985-1991)" class="mw-redirect">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, Özal made an effort to create alliances with the Turkic countries of <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> as well as <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> in the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus" class="mw-redirect">South Caucasus</a>.</p> <p>President Turgut Özal agreed to negotiations with the Kurdish PKK. Apart from Özal, himself half-Kurdish, few Turkish politicians were interested, nor was more than a part of the PKK itself. A first round occurred in the early 90s, and led to a cease-fire declaration by the PKK on 20 March 1993. After the president’s death on 17 April 1993, in suspicious circumstances, the hope of reconciliation evaporated, and the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Plan" title="Castle Plan">Castle Plan</a>, which Özal had opposed, was enacted.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Some journalists and politicians maintain that Özal's death was part of <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_alleged_Turkish_military_coup" title="1993 alleged Turkish military coup">a covert military coup in 1993</a> aimed at stopping the peace plans.</p> <p>Özal supported the coalition against <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> during the 1991 <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-afterkemal_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afterkemal-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>He is also called as "fatty of the Çankaya, the workers’ enemy" (<a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <span lang="tr" xml:lang="tr"><i>"Çankaya'nın şişmanı, işçi düşmanı"</i></span>) due to his statements and his role in the authoritarian populist policies against 1990 “Zonguldak Strike" of the coal miners.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In February 1991, he was made an honorary Companion of the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Order of Australia</a> (AC), Australia's highest civilian honour, "for eminent service to Turkish/Australian relations".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%C3%96zal.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%C3%96zal.jpg/220px-%C3%96zal.jpg" width="220" height="141" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%C3%96zal.jpg/330px-%C3%96zal.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%C3%96zal.jpg/440px-%C3%96zal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="1679"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%C3%96zal.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The ceremony marking of the beginning of governance for the first <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaymakam" title="Kaymakam">Kaymakam</a> Eyüp Sabri Kartal in Kavaklıdere, with <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Turkey" title="List of Presidents of Turkey">President</a> Turgut Özal and <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%81li" title="Wāli">Vali</a> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lale_Aytaman" title="Lale Aytaman">Lale Aytaman</a></div> </div> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Armenian_Genocide">Armenian Genocide</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Armenian Genocide">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The issue of the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide" title="Armenian Genocide">Armenian Genocide</a> was part of Özal's agenda. He wanted to reach an agreement with the Armenians and solve the problem as soon as possible by making compromises. The reason for this was his first confrontation with the topic of the genocide in the 1950s while he was still studying in the United States. Özal noticed an emerging Armenian lobby which aimed to introduce the recognition of the Armenian Genocide on the political agenda in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-zaman_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaman-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1984, Özal tasked his advisers to work out different scenarios of the political and economic costs that Turkey would have to incur if it would agree to compromise with the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian diaspora</a> and recognize the genocide.<sup id="cite_ref-zaman_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaman-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1991, after a meeting with representatives of the Armenian community, Özal said in front of journalists and diplomats:</p> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>What happens if we compromise with the Armenians and end this issue? What if we officially recognize the 1915 Armenian genocide and face up to our past? Let's take the initiative and find the truth. Let's pay the political and economic price, if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-zaman_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaman-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-star_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </blockquote> <p>Özal tried to implement several projects, including the "Van project," as part of his solution to the genocide issue. The Van Project envisioned the return of some lands to Armenians in <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Province" title="Van Province">Van</a>. However, Özal was unable to make concrete progress because his policies sparked criticism and fury among the Turkish public, the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a>, and the Turkish military as they considered the idea of negotiating with the Armenian diaspora itself as unacceptable and unthinkable.</p> <p>After Özal's death, his policies of compromising with the Armenians in order to solve the conflict concerning the Armenian genocide were abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-zaman_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaman-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-star_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Death_and_exhumation">Death and exhumation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death and exhumation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>On 17 April 1993 Özal died of a suspicious <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a> while still in office,<sup id="cite_ref-zaman108714_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaman108714-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> leading some to suspect an assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> Özal had first become ill a month earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>He died just before he had the chance to negotiate with the Kurdish organization, the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKK" title="PKK" class="mw-redirect">PKK</a>. His wife Semra Özal claimed he had been poisoned by lemonade and she questioned the lack of an autopsy. The blood samples taken to determine cause of death were lost or disposed of.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Özal had sought to create a <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> union, and had obtained the commitment of several presidents of the newly independent Turkic states from the former <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. His wife Semra alleged that the perpetrator might have wanted to foil the plan.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Tens of thousands of people<sup id="cite_ref-popeozalfuneral_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popeozalfuneral-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> attended the state burial ceremony in Istanbul, in which Özal was buried next to the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> of <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a>, whom he had revered.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>On the fourteenth anniversary of his death, thousands gathered in Ankara in commemoration.<sup id="cite_ref-zaman108536_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaman108536-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Investigators wanted to exhume the body to examine it for poisoning.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> In September 2012, a court ruled that the grave be opened for another autopsy. On 3 October 2012 his body was exhumed.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> It contained the banned insecticide <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> at ten times the normal level.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> According to press reports, the "partially embalmed" remains were found to be well preserved, much to the experts' and public's surprise. It is reported that while the lower half of the body was subject to <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletonization" title="Skeletonization">skeletonization</a>, the upper half was preserved due to <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocere" title="Adipocere">adipocere</a>.</p> <p>An <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">autopsy</a> report issued on 12 December 2012 stated his body contained poison but the cause of death was unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> A trial charging retired general <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levent_Ers%C3%B6z" title="Levent Ersöz">Levent Ersöz</a> with his murder began in September 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Family">Family</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>With his wife Semra, Özal had two sons, and a daughter. One of their sons, <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_%C3%96zal" title="Ahmet Özal">Ahmet Özal</a>, was elected to parliament after the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_1999" title="Turkish general election, 1999">elections of 1999</a>, but stayed out after the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2002" title="Turkish general election, 2002">elections of 2002</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal_%C3%9Cniversitesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgut Özal Üniversitesi (page does not exist)">Turgut Özal Üniversitesi</a> (<a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal_%C3%9Cniversitesi" class="extiw" title="tr:Turgut Özal Üniversitesi"><span title=""Turgut Özal Üniversitesi" on the Turkish Wikipedia">tr</span></a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zal_family" title="Özal family">Özal family</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-afterkemal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afterkemal_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afterkemal_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Anderson" title="Perry Anderson">Anderson, Perry</a> (2008-09-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v30/n18/ande01_.html">"After Kemal"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-29</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurgut+%C3%96zal&rft.atitle=After+Kemal&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Perry&rft.aufirst=Perry&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv30%2Fn18%2Fande01_.html&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Purvis" title="Andrew Purvis">Purvis, Andrew</a> (2003-07-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901030804-471150-1,00.html">"Not Just Business As Usual"</a>. <i>TIME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-14</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurgut+%C3%96zal&rft.atitle=Not+Just+Business+As+Usual&rft.aulast=Purvis%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Purvis%2C+Andrew&rft.date=2003-07-27&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C901030804-471150-1%2C00.html&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://www.tccb.gov.tr/sayfa/cumhurbaskanlarimiz/turgut_ozal/">http://www.tccb.gov.tr/sayfa/cumhurbaskanlarimiz/turgut_ozal/</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://www.basbakan.org/turgut_ozal.html">http://www.basbakan.org/turgut_ozal.html</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20yil-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-20yil_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-20yil_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/10679039.asp">"Kartal Demirağ'a 20 yıl hapis cezası"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet" title="Hürriyet">Hürriyet</a></i> (in Turkish). <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadolu_Agency" title="Anadolu Agency">Anadolu Agency</a>. 2008-12-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-04</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurgut+%C3%96zal&rft.atitle=Kartal+Demira%C4%9F%27a+20+y%C4%B1l+hapis+cezas%C4%B1&rft.date=2008-12-31&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fgundem%2F10679039.asp&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can_D%C3%BCndar" title="Can Dündar">Dündar, Can</a> (2002-01-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2006/01/08/yazar/dundar.html">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Özel Harp'çinin tırmanış öyküsü"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliyet" title="Milliyet">Milliyet</a></i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-06</span></span>. <q>Ölüm nedenini anlamak için Turgut Bey’den kan aldılar. Ama hemen sonra ‘şişenin hemşirenin elinden kaydığını, kırıldığını’ söylediler. Bir süre sonra bundan da vazgeçtiler. 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report</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Today%27s_Zaman" title="Today's Zaman">Today's Zaman</a>, 11 September 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://todayszaman.com/news-326102-trial-into-suspicious-death-of-late-president-ozal-begins.html">Trial into suspicious death of late president Özal begins</a></span></li> </ol> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_%C3%96zal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="34" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Turgut_%C3%96zal" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></b></i></td> </tr> </table> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turgut_%C3%96zal" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></b></i>.</td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://www.biyografi.info/kisi/turgut-ozal">Turgut Özal'ın hayat hikayesi (özet)</a></li> </ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suleyman_Demirel" title="Suleyman Demirel" class="mw-redirect">Suleyman Demirel</a> of <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice Party (Turkey)">Justice Party</a></span></td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Leader of the Motherland Party (ANAP)</a></b><br/> 20 May 1983 – 31 October 1989</td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Ey%C3%BCpo%C4%9Flu" title="Orhan Eyüpoğlu">Orhan Eyüpoğlu</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikmet_%C3%87etin" title="Hikmet Çetin">Hikmet Çetin</a></span></td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Deputy_Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey" title="List of Deputy Prime Ministers of Turkey">Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey</a></b><br/> 20 September 1980 – 14 July 1982</td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaya_Erdem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaya Erdem (page does not exist)">Kaya Erdem</a></span></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClend_Ulusu" title="Bülend Ulusu" class="mw-redirect">Bülend Ulusu</a></span></td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey" title="List of Prime Ministers of Turkey">Prime Minister of Turkey</a></b><br/> 13 December 1983 – 31 October 1989</td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yildirim_Akbulut" title="Yildirim Akbulut" class="mw-redirect">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></span></td> </tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a></span></td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Turkey" title="List of Presidents of Turkey">President of Turkey</a></b><br/> 9 November 1989 – 17 April 1993</td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/> <span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></span></td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey" title="Template:Prime Ministers of Turkey"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Prime Ministers of Turkey"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Ministers</a> of <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> <small>(<a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey" title="List of Prime Ministers of Turkey">List</a>)</small></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Government of the Grand National Assembly">Government of the Grand<br/> National Assembly</a><br/> <span style="font-weight:normal;"><small style="font-size:85%;">(1920–1923)</small></span></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_%C3%87akmak" title="Fevzi Çakmak">Fevzi Çakmak</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauf_Orbay" title="Rauf Orbay">Rauf Orbay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"> <div><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey.svg" class="image"><img alt="Seal of Prime Ministry of the Republic of Turkey.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey.svg/96px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey.svg.png" width="96" height="96" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey.svg/144px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey.svg/192px-Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2430" data-file-height="2426"/></a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a><br/> <span style="font-weight:normal;"><small style="font-size:85%;">(since 1923)</small></span></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celâl Bayar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refik_Saydam" title="Refik Saydam">Refik Saydam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Fikri_T%C3%BCzer" title="Ahmet Fikri Tüzer">Ahmet Fikri Tüzer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Saraco%C4%9Flu" title="Şükrü Saracoğlu">Şükrü Saracoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Peker" title="Recep Peker">Recep Peker</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Saka" title="Hasan Saka">Hasan Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eemsettin_G%C3%BCnaltay" title="Şemsettin Günaltay">Şemsettin Günaltay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_G%C3%BCrsel" title="Cemal Gürsel">Cemal Gürsel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahri_%C3%96zdilek" title="Fahri Özdilek" class="mw-redirect">Fahri Özdilek</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suat_Hayri_%C3%9Crg%C3%BCpl%C3%BC" title="Suat Hayri Ürgüplü">Suat Hayri Ürgüplü</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihat_Erim" title="Nihat Erim">Nihat Erim</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferit_Melen" title="Ferit Melen">Ferit Melen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naim_Talu" title="Naim Talu">Naim Talu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Irmak" title="Sadi Irmak">Sadi Irmak</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClend_Ulusu" title="Bülend Ulusu" class="mw-redirect">Bülend Ulusu</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Turgut Özal</strong></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Bozer" title="Ali Bozer">Ali Bozer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">Erdal İnönü</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"> <div><i>Italics</i> denote acting prime ministers.</div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Turkey" title="Template:Presidents of Turkey"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Presidents of Turkey"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Presidents_of_Turkey&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Presidents</a> of <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> <small>(<a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Turkey" title="List of Presidents of Turkey">List</a>)</small></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:0%;padding:0px 2px 0px 0px"> <div><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_President_of_Turkey.svg" class="image"><img alt="Emblem of the President of Turkey.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Emblem_of_the_President_of_Turkey.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_President_of_Turkey.svg.png" width="75" height="75" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Emblem_of_the_President_of_Turkey.svg/113px-Emblem_of_the_President_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Emblem_of_the_President_of_Turkey.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_President_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"/></a></div> </td> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celâl Bayar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_G%C3%BCrsel" title="Cemal Gürsel">Cemal Gürsel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevdet_Sunay" title="Cevdet Sunay">Cevdet Sunay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahri_Korut%C3%BCrk" title="Fahri Korutürk">Fahri Korutürk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Turgut Özal</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Necdet_Sezer" title="Ahmet Necdet Sezer">Ahmet Necdet Sezer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl" title="Abdullah Gül">Abdullah Gül</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"> <div><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T%C3%BCrkiye_Cumhuriyeti_Cumhurba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_forsu.svg" class="image" title="Standard of the President of Turkey"><img alt="Standard of the President of Turkey" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/T%C3%BCrkiye_Cumhuriyeti_Cumhurba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_forsu.svg/75px-T%C3%BCrkiye_Cumhuriyeti_Cumhurba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_forsu.svg.png" width="75" height="50" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/T%C3%BCrkiye_Cumhuriyeti_Cumhurba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_forsu.svg/113px-T%C3%BCrkiye_Cumhuriyeti_Cumhurba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_forsu.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/T%C3%BCrkiye_Cumhuriyeti_Cumhurba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_forsu.svg/150px-T%C3%BCrkiye_Cumhuriyeti_Cumhurba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_forsu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200"/></a></div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:MP_Leaders" title="Template:MP Leaders"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:MP_Leaders" title="Template talk:MP Leaders"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:MP_Leaders&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Leaders of the <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><strong class="selflink">Turgut Özal</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Talip_%C3%96zdemir" title="Ali Talip Özdemir">Ali Talip Özdemir</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesrin_Nas" title="Nesrin Nas">Nesrin Nas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkan_Mumcu" title="Erkan Mumcu">Erkan Mumcu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salih_Uzun" title="Salih Uzun">Salih Uzun</a></li> <li><i>in the period of 2009-2011 destablished</i></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0brahim_%C3%87elebi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İbrahim Çelebi (page does not exist)">İbrahim Çelebi</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Party_Leaders_in_Turkey" title="Template:Party Leaders in Turkey"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Party_Leaders_in_Turkey" title="Template talk:Party Leaders in Turkey"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Party_Leaders_in_Turkey&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_party_leaders_in_Turkey" title="List of party leaders in Turkey">Party leaders in Turkey</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Before 1960</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Karabekir" title="Kâzım Karabekir">Kâzım Karabekir</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuri_Demira%C4%9F" title="Nuri Demirağ">Nuri Demirağ</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celâl Bayar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hikmet_Bayur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hikmet Bayur (page does not exist)">Hikmet Bayur</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCkba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Osman Bölükbaşı">Osman Bölükbaşı</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekrem_Hayri_%C3%9Cst%C3%BCnda%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ (page does not exist)">Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_L%C3%BCtfi_Karaosmano%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu (page does not exist)">Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">1960-1980</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_Alican" title="Ekrem Alican">Ekrem Alican</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rag%C4%B1p_G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fpala" title="Ragıp Gümüşpala">Ragıp Gümüşpala</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_O%C4%9Fuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Oğuz (page does not exist)">Ahmet Oğuz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Aybar" title="Mehmet Ali Aybar">Mehmet Ali Aybar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş">Alparslan Türkeş</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turhan_Feyzio%C4%9Flu" title="Turhan Feyzioğlu">Turhan Feyzioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Balan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Balan (page does not exist)">Hüseyin Balan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Timisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Timisi (page does not exist)">Mustafa Timisi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferruh_Bozbeyli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferruh Bozbeyli (page does not exist)">Ferruh Bozbeyli</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behice_Boran" title="Behice Boran">Behice Boran</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Sat%C4%B1r" title="Kemal Satır">Kemal Satır</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">1980-present</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_Sunalp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgut Sunalp (page does not exist)">Turgut Sunalp</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Turgut Özal</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necdet_Calp" title="Necdet Calp">Necdet Calp</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">Erdal İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Nusret_Tuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Nusret Tuna (page does not exist)">Ahmet Nusret Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezmi_Kartay" title="Cezmi Kartay">Cezmi Kartay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Avc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yıldırım Avcı (page does not exist)">Yıldırım Avcı</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Tekdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Tekdal (page does not exist)">Ahmet Tekdal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCsamettin_Cindoruk" title="Hüsamettin Cindoruk">Hüsamettin Cindoruk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n_G%C3%BCven_G%C3%BCrkan" title="Aydın Güven Gürkan">Aydın Güven Gürkan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Clk%C3%BC_S%C3%B6ylemezo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ülkü Söylemezoğlu (page does not exist)">Ülkü Söylemezoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rah%C5%9Fan_Ecevit" title="Rahşan Ecevit">Rahşan Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Yazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Yazar (page does not exist)">Mehmet Yazar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necdet_Karababa" title="Necdet Karababa">Necdet Karababa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Perin%C3%A7ek" title="Doğu Perinçek">Doğu Perinçek</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Karayal%C3%A7%C4%B1n" title="Murat Karayalçın">Murat Karayalçın</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikmet_%C3%87etin" title="Hikmet Çetin">Hikmet Çetin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recai_Kutan" title="Recai Kutan">Recai Kutan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altan_%C3%96ymen" title="Altan Öymen">Altan Öymen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_T%C3%BCrk" title="Ahmet Türk">Ahmet Türk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Cem_%C4%B0pek%C3%A7i" title="İsmail Cem İpekçi">İsmail Cem İpekçi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeki_Sezer" title="Zeki Sezer">Zeki Sezer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table id="persondata" class="persondata noprint" style="border:1px solid #aaa; display:none; speak:none;"> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Persondata" title="Wikipedia:Persondata">Persondata</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Name</td> <td>Ozal, Turgut</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Alternative names</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Short description</td> <td>Turkish Prime Minister</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Date of birth</td> <td>1927-10-13</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Place of birth</td> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a>, <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Date of death</td> <td>1993-04-17</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="persondata-label" style="color:#aaa;">Place of death</td> <td><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> </tr> </table>    <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"/></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_Özal&oldid=643993539">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turgut_Özal&oldid=643993539</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/web/20150320182228/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1927_births" 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href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9C" title="טורגוט אזאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თურგუთ ოზალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%82_%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тұрғыт Озал – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw">Kinyarwanda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тургут Озал – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A6%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB,_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%82" title="Ӧзал, Тургут – Hill Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj">Кырык мары</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turguts_Ezals" title="Turguts Ezals – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тургут Озал – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD" title="തുർഗുത് ഓസൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AB" title="トゥルグト・オザル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Norwegian (bokmål)" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84" title="تورگوت اوزال – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB,_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%82" title="Озал, Тургут – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84" title="تورگوت ئۆزال – Sorani Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тургут Озал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB,_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%82" title="Озал, Тургут – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тургут Озал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%87%D8%AA_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84" title="تۇرغۇت ئۆزال – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%A4%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8E%84%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94" title="图尔古特·厄扎尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">中文</a></li> <li class="uls-p-lang-dummy"><a href="#"></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a action="edit" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320182228/http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180280#sitelinks-wikipedia" text="Edit links" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 24 January 2015, at 19:04.</li> <li 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