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class="main__header-group"><ol class="breadcrumbs"><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item_home"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><span class="breadcrumbs__hidden-text">Tutorial</span></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb-1"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/regular-expressions"><span>Expresiones Regulares</span></a></li><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Tutorial","item":"https://es.javascript.info/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Expresiones Regulares","item":"https://es.javascript.info/regular-expressions"}]}</script></ol><div class="updated-at" data-tooltip="Última actualización el 21 de junio de 2020"><div class="updated-at__content">21 de junio de 2020</div></div></div><h1 class="main__header-title">Anclas: inicio ^ y final $ de cadena</h1></div></header><div class="content"><article class="formatted" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/TechArticle"><meta itemprop="name" content="Anclas: inicio ^ y final $ de cadena"><div itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="email" content="iliakan@gmail.com"><meta itemprop="name" content="Ilya Kantor"></div><div itemprop="articleBody"><p>Los patrones caret (del latín carece) <code class="pattern">^</code> y dólar <code class="pattern">$</code> tienen un significado especial en una expresión regular. Se llaman “anclas”.</p> <p>El patrón caret <code class="pattern">^</code> coincide con el principio del texto y dólar <code class="pattern">$</code> con el final.</p> <p>Por ejemplo, probemos si el texto comienza con <code>Mary</code>:</p> <div id="ogpsngmkwt" data-trusted="1" class="code-example"> <div class="codebox code-example__codebox"> <div class="toolbar codebox__toolbar"> <div class="toolbar__tool"> <a href="#" title="ejecutar" data-action="run" class="toolbar__button toolbar__button_run"></a> </div> <div class="toolbar__tool"> <a href="#" title="abrir en entorno controlado" target="_blank" data-action="edit" class="toolbar__button toolbar__button_edit"></a> </div> </div> <div class="codebox__code" data-code="1"> <pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code>let str1 = "Mary tenía un corderito"; alert( /^Mary/.test(str1) ); // true</code></pre> </div> </div> </div><p>El patrón <code class="pattern">^Mary</code> significa: “inicio de cadena y luego Mary”.</p> <p>Similar a esto, podemos probar si la cadena termina con <code>nieve</code> usando <code class="pattern">nieve$</code>:</p> <div id="94963zvgkq" data-trusted="1" class="code-example"> <div class="codebox code-example__codebox"> <div class="toolbar codebox__toolbar"> <div class="toolbar__tool"> <a href="#" title="ejecutar" data-action="run" class="toolbar__button toolbar__button_run"></a> </div> <div class="toolbar__tool"> <a href="#" title="abrir en entorno controlado" target="_blank" data-action="edit" class="toolbar__button toolbar__button_edit"></a> </div> </div> <div class="codebox__code" data-code="1"> <pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code>let str1 = "su vellón era blanco como la nieve"; alert( /nieve$/.test(str1) ); // true</code></pre> </div> </div> </div><p>En estos casos particulares, en su lugar podríamos usar métodos de cadena <code>beginWith/endsWith</code>. Las expresiones regulares deben usarse para pruebas más complejas.</p> <h2><a class="main__anchor" name="prueba-para-una-coincidencia-completa" href="#prueba-para-una-coincidencia-completa">Prueba para una coincidencia completa</a></h2><p>Ambos anclajes <code class="pattern">^...$</code> se usan juntos a menudo para probar si una cadena coincide completamente con el patrón. Por ejemplo, para verificar si la entrada del usuario está en el formato correcto.</p> <p>Verifiquemos si una cadena esta o no en formato de hora <code>12:34</code>. Es decir: dos dígitos, luego dos puntos y luego otros dos dígitos.</p> <p>En el idioma de las expresiones regulares eso es <code class="pattern">\d\d:\d\d</code>:</p> <div id="h6nstz0xzt" data-trusted="1" class="code-example"> <div class="codebox code-example__codebox"> <div class="toolbar codebox__toolbar"> <div class="toolbar__tool"> <a href="#" title="ejecutar" data-action="run" class="toolbar__button toolbar__button_run"></a> </div> <div class="toolbar__tool"> <a href="#" title="abrir en entorno controlado" target="_blank" data-action="edit" class="toolbar__button toolbar__button_edit"></a> </div> </div> <div class="codebox__code" data-code="1"> <pre class="line-numbers language-javascript"><code>let goodInput = "12:34"; let badInput = "12:345"; let regexp = /^\d\d:\d\d$/; alert( regexp.test(goodInput) ); // true alert( regexp.test(badInput) ); // false</code></pre> </div> </div> </div><p>La coincidencia para <code class="pattern">\d\d:\d\d</code> debe comenzar exactamente después del inicio de texto<code class="pattern">^</code>, y seguido inmediatamente, el final <code class="pattern">$</code>.</p> <p>Toda la cadena debe estar exactamente en este formato. Si hay alguna desviación o un carácter adicional, el resultado es <code>falso</code>.</p> <p>Las anclas se comportan de manera diferente si la bandera <code class="pattern">m</code> está presente. Lo veremos en el próximo artículo.</p> <div class="important important_smart"> <div class="important__header"><span class="important__type">Las anclas tienen “ancho cero”</span></div> <div class="important__content"><p>Las anclas <code class="pattern">^</code> y <code class="pattern">$</code> son pruebas. Ellas tienen ancho cero.</p> <p>En otras palabras, no coinciden con un carácter, sino que obligan al motor regexp a verificar la condición (inicio/fin de texto).</p> </div></div> </div></article><div class="tasks formatted"><h2 class="tasks__title" id="tasks"><a class="tasks__title-anchor main__anchor main__anchor main__anchor_noicon" href="#tasks">Tareas</a></h2><div class="task tasks__task"><div class="task__header"><div class="task__title-wrap"><h3 class="task__title"><a class="main__anchor" href="#regexp" name="regexp">Regexp ^$</a></h3><a class="task__open-link" href="/task/start-end" target="_blank"></a></div><div class="task__header-note"></div><div class="task__content"><div class="task__formatted"><p>¿Qué cadena coincide con el patrón <code class="pattern">^$</code>?</p> </div><button class="task__solution" type="button">solución</button><div class="task__answer"><div class="task__answer-content"><div class="formatted"><p>Una cadena vacía es la única coincidencia: comienza y termina inmediatamente.</p> <p>Esta tarea demuestra una vez más que los anclajes no son caracteres, sino pruebas.</p> <p>La cadena está vacía <code>""</code>. El motor primero coincide con <code class="pattern">^</code> (inicio de entrada), sí, está allí, y luego inmediatamente el final <code class="pattern">$</code>, también está. Entonces hay una coincidencia.</p> </div></div><button class="close-button task__answer-close" type="button" title="cerrar"></button></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="page__nav-wrap"><a class="page__nav page__nav_prev" href="/regexp-unicode" data-tooltip="Unicode: bandera "u" y clase \p{...}"><span class="page__nav-text"><span class="page__nav-text-shortcut"></span></span><span class="page__nav-text-alternate">Lección anterior</span></a><a class="page__nav page__nav_next" href="/regexp-multiline-mode" data-tooltip="Modo multilínea de anclas ^ $, bandera "m""><span class="page__nav-text"><span class="page__nav-text-shortcut"></span></span><span class="page__nav-text-alternate">Próxima lección</span></a></div><div class="article-tablet-foot tablet-only"><div class="article-tablet-foot__layout"><div class="share-icons"><span class="share-icons__title">Compartir</span><a class="share share_tw" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.javascript.info%2Fregexp-anchors" rel="nofollow"></a><a class="share share_fb" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?s=100&p%5Burl%5D=https%3A%2F%2Fes.javascript.info%2Fregexp-anchors" rel="nofollow"></a></div><div class="article-tablet-foot__map"><a class="map" href="/tutorial/map" data-action="tutorial-map"><span class="map__text">Mapa del Tutorial</span></a></div></div></div><div class="comments formatted" id="comments"><div class="comments__header"><h2 class="comments__header-title"><a href="#comments" name="comments">Comentarios</a></h2><div class="comments__read-before"><span class="comments__read-before-link">lea esto antes de comentar…</span><div class="comments__read-before-popup"><div class="comments__read-before-popup-i"><ul><li>Si tiene sugerencias sobre qué mejorar, por favor <a href="https://github.com/javascript-tutorial/en.javascript.info/issues/new">enviar una propuesta de GitHub</a> o una solicitud de extracción en lugar de comentar.</li><li>Si no puede entender algo en el artículo, por favor explique.</li><li>Para insertar algunas palabras de código, use la etiqueta <code><code></code>, para varias líneas – envolverlas en la etiqueta <code><pre></code>, para más de 10 líneas – utilice una entorno controlado (sandbox) (<a href='https://plnkr.co/edit/?p=preview'>plnkr</a>, <a href='https://jsbin.com'>jsbin</a>, <a href='http://codepen.io'>codepen</a>…)</li></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="disqus_thread"></div><script>var disqus_config = function() { if (!this.page) this.page = {}; 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