CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Naturism - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4ed2bb32-b62e-4a96-b299-836cc78e14f8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Naturism","wgTitle":"Naturism","wgCurRevisionId":1258123099,"wgRevisionId":1258123099,"wgArticleId":21911,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2024","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2022","CS1 errors: missing title","All articles with incomplete citations","Articles with incomplete citations from August 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from February 2021","Use shortened footnotes from March 2021","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009", "All articles containing potentially dated statements","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2019","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing German-language text","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024","Articles containing Portuguese-language text","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016","Articles needing additional references from March 2021","All articles needing additional references","All pages needing factual verification","Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2024","Articles that may contain original research from July 2022","All articles that may contain original research","CS1 French-language sources (fr)", "CS1 German-language sources (de)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from August 2024","CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)","CS1 Greek-language sources (el)","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)","Naturism","Lifestyles","Social theories","Subcultures","Underground culture"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Naturism","wgRelevantArticleId":21911,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Anarcho-naturism","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Naturism","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q152311","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading" ,"ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0710-419%2C_Berlin%2C_M%C3%BCggelsee%2C_Sonnenbad.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1739"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0710-419%2C_Berlin%2C_M%C3%BCggelsee%2C_Sonnenbad.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1159"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="928"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Naturism - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturism"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturism"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Naturism rootpage-Naturism skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Naturism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Naturism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Naturism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Naturism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definition_and_lexicology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition_and_lexicology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Definition and lexicology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition_and_lexicology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naturist_places_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naturist_places_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Naturist places and events </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Naturist_places_and_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Naturist places and events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Naturist_places_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Naturist_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naturist_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Naturist facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naturist_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nude_beaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nude_beaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Nude beaches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nude_beaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festival_naturism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festival_naturism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Festival naturism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festival_naturism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summer_naturism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summer_naturism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Summer naturism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summer_naturism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Writers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Africa </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Africa subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 South Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Europe </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Europe subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Belgium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Croatia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Finland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Greece </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Italy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.8 Netherlands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.9 Portugal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.10 Poland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.11 Spain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.12 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Oceania </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Oceania subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 North America </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-North_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle North America subsection </button> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Cuba </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Asia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Asia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Indonesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Thailand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 South America </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-South_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle South America subsection </button> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Argentina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Brazil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 Chile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.4 Uruguay </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naturist_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naturist_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Naturist media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Naturist_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Naturist media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Naturist_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Magazines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photography,_films_and_videos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photography,_films_and_videos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Photography, films and videos </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photography,_films_and_videos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.2 Journal articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newspaper_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspaper_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.3 Newspaper articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspaper_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.4 Websites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Naturism</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" > 56 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Freikörperkultur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="مذهب العري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مذهب العري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismo" title="Naturismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Naturismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturizm" title="Naturizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Naturizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="নগ্নতাবাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নগ্নতাবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Нудизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нудизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturegezh" title="Naturegezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Naturegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturisme" title="Naturisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Naturisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismus" title="Naturismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Naturismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noethlymuniaeth" title="Noethlymuniaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Noethlymuniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturisme" title="Naturisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Naturisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Freikörperkultur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturism" title="Naturism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Naturism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Γυμνισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γυμνισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismo" title="Naturismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Naturismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudismo" title="Nudismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nudismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismo" title="Naturismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Naturismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="برهنه‌گرایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برهنه‌گرایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturisme" title="Naturisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Naturisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nochtachas" title="Nochtachas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nochtachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismo" title="Naturismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Naturismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%B2%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="나체주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나체주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturizam" title="Naturizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Naturizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturisme" title="Naturisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Naturisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismo" title="Naturismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Naturismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismo" title="Naturismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Naturismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="נודיזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נודיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87anda_taz%C3%AEtiy%C3%AA" title="Çanda tazîtiyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çanda tazîtiyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismus" title="Naturismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Naturismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudizmas" title="Nudizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nudizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturizmus" title="Naturizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Naturizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%89" title="مذهب العرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مذهب العرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturisme" title="Naturisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Naturisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="ヌーディズム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヌーディズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturisme" title="Naturisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Naturisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturisme" title="Naturisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Naturisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturime" title="Naturime – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Naturime" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturyzm" title="Naturyzm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Naturyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismo" title="Naturismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Naturismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Freikörperkultur" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudism" title="Nudism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nudism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Натуризм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Натуризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naiturism" title="Naiturism – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Naiturism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="ස්වභාවාදය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්වභාවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturism" title="Naturism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Naturism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudizmus" title="Nudizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nudizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturizem" title="Naturizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Naturizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Нудизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нудизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturizam" title="Naturizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Naturizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturismi" title="Naturismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Naturismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturism" title="Naturism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Naturism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudizm" title="Nudizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nudizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Натуризм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Натуризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_kh%E1%BB%8Fa_th%C3%A2n" title="Chủ nghĩa khỏa thân – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa khỏa thân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturizm" title="Naturizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Naturizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="天然主義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天然主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q152311#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Naturism" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Naturism" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Naturism">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Naturism">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Naturism" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Naturism" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&oldid=1258123099" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Naturism&id=1258123099&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNaturism">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNaturism">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Naturism&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Naturism" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Naturism" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q152311" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-naturism&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Anarcho-naturism</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Practice and advocacy of social nudity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Naturism_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Naturism (disambiguation)">Naturism (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Naturalism (disambiguation)">Naturalism (disambiguation)</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature worship</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0710-419,_Berlin,_M%C3%BCggelsee,_Sonnenbad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0710-419%2C_Berlin%2C_M%C3%BCggelsee%2C_Sonnenbad.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0710-419%2C_Berlin%2C_M%C3%BCggelsee%2C_Sonnenbad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0710-419%2C_Berlin%2C_M%C3%BCggelsee%2C_Sonnenbad.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0710-419%2C_Berlin%2C_M%C3%BCggelsee%2C_Sonnenbad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0710-419%2C_Berlin%2C_M%C3%BCggelsee%2C_Sonnenbad.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0710-419%2C_Berlin%2C_M%C3%BCggelsee%2C_Sonnenbad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sun_tanning" title="Sun tanning">Sunbathers</a> at <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCggelsee" title="Müggelsee">Müggelsee</a> lake beach, <a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a>, 1989</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naturist_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naturist_symbol.png/220px-Naturist_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naturist_symbol.png/330px-Naturist_symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naturist_symbol.png/440px-Naturist_symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="2217" data-file-height="2254" /></a><figcaption>The Universal Naturist Symbol was voted for by naturists from all over the world in October 2020. The purpose is to recognize naturists, even when they wear clothes.</figcaption></figure> Naturism is a lifestyle of practicing non-sexual social <a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">nudity</a> in private and in public; the word also refers to the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_movement" title="Cultural movement">cultural movement</a> which advocates and defends that lifestyle. Both may alternatively be called nudism. Though the two terms are broadly interchangeable, nudism emphasizes the practice of nudity, whilst naturism highlights an attitude favoring harmony with nature and respect for the environment, into which that practice is integrated.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoin2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-1">[1]</a> That said, naturists come from a range of philosophical and cultural backgrounds; there is no single naturist ideology. Ethical or philosophical nudism has a long history, with many advocates of the benefits of enjoying nature without clothing. At the turn of the 20th century, organizations emerged to promote social nudity and to establish private <a href="/wiki/Campsite" title="Campsite">campgrounds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naturist_resort" title="Naturist resort">resorts</a> for that purpose. Since the 1960s, with the acceptance of public places for clothing-optional recreation, individuals who do not identify themselves as naturists or nudists have been able to casually participate in nude activities. <a href="/wiki/Nude_recreation" title="Nude recreation">Nude recreation</a> opportunities vary widely around the world, from isolated places known mainly to locals through officially designated nude beaches and parks, and on to public spaces and buildings in some jurisdictions. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_and_lexicology">Definition and lexicology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition and lexicology">edit</a>]</div> The XIV Congress of the <a href="/wiki/International_Naturist_Federation" title="International Naturist Federation">International Naturist Federation</a> (INF) held at Agde, France in 1974 defined naturism as:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeschênes20162-2">[2]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">...a way of life in harmony with nature characterised by the practice of communal nudity with the intention of encouraging self-respect, respect for others and for the environment.</blockquote> Many contemporary naturists and naturist organisations advocate that the practice of social nudity should not be linked with sexual activity. Some recent studies show that naturism can help grow self-esteem,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2018-3">[3]</a> and thus have a positive impact on having a well-balanced sexuality, too. For various sociocultural and historical reasons, the lay public, the media, and many contemporary naturists and their organisations have, or present, a simplified view of the relationship between naturism and sexuality. As of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit">[update]</a>, research has begun to explore this complex relationship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithKing2009-4">[4]</a> The International Naturist Federation explains:&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoin2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[a]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Each country has its own kind of naturism, and even each club has its own special character, for we too, human beings, have each our own character which is reflected in our surroundings.</blockquote> The usage and definition of these terms varies geographically and historically.<a href="#cite_note-7">[b]</a> Naturism and nudism have the same meaning in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontananaturist.org-8">[6]</a> but there is a clear distinction between the two terms in Great Britain.<a href="#cite_note-10">[c]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">further explanation needed</a>] In naturist parlance, the terms "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/textile" class="extiw" title="wikt:textile">textile</a>" or "textilist" refer to non-naturist persons, behaviours or facilities (e.g. "the textile beach starts at the flag", "they are a mixed couple – he is naturist, she is textile"). "Textile" is the predominant term used in the UK ("textilist" is unknown in British naturist magazines, including <a href="/wiki/H%26E_naturist" title="H&E naturist">H&E naturist</a>), but some naturists avoid using this term due to perceived negative or derogatory connotations. "Textilist" is said to be used interchangeably with "textile", but no dictionary definition to this effect exists, nor are there any equivalent examples of use in mainstream literature such as those for "textile".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESNS2018-11">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naturist_places_and_events">Naturist places and events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naturist places and events">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Naturist_resort" title="Naturist resort">Naturist resort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nude_recreation" title="Nude recreation">Nude recreation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naturist_facilities">Naturist facilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Naturist facilities">edit</a>]</div> At naturist-organised events or venues, clothing is usually optional. At naturist swimming pools or sunbathing places, however, complete nudity is expected (weather permitting). This rule is sometimes a source of controversy among naturists. Staff at a naturist facility are usually required to be clothed due to health and safety regulations.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-12">[9]</a> Facilities for naturists are classified in various ways. A landed or members' <a href="/wiki/Naturist_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturist club">naturist club</a> is one that owns its own facilities. Non-landed (or travel) clubs meet at various locations, such as private residences, swimming pools, hot springs, landed clubs and resorts, or rented facilities. Landed clubs can be run by members on democratic lines or by one or more owners who make the rules. In either case, they can determine membership criteria and the obligations of members. This usually involves sharing work necessary to maintain or develop the site.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-13">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Outdoor_bathing_at_Jhiben_Hot_Spring_20121110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Outdoor_bathing_at_Jhiben_Hot_Spring_20121110.jpg/220px-Outdoor_bathing_at_Jhiben_Hot_Spring_20121110.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Outdoor_bathing_at_Jhiben_Hot_Spring_20121110.jpg/330px-Outdoor_bathing_at_Jhiben_Hot_Spring_20121110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Outdoor_bathing_at_Jhiben_Hot_Spring_20121110.jpg/440px-Outdoor_bathing_at_Jhiben_Hot_Spring_20121110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>Families bathing nude at a hot spring in Taiwan</figcaption></figure> The international naturist organizations were mainly composed of representatives of landed clubs.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoin2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-1">[1]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Nudist_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudist colony">Nudist colony</a>" is no longer a favored term, but can be used by naturists to address landed clubs that have rigid non-inclusive membership criteria. A holiday centre is a facility that specializes in providing apartments, chalets and camping pitches for visiting holidaymakers. A center is run commercially, and visitors are not members and have no say in the management. Most holiday centers expect visitors to hold an INF card (that is, to belong to an INF-affiliated organization), but some have relaxed this requirement, relying on the carrying of a trade card. Holiday centers vary in size. Larger holiday centres may have swimming pools, sports pitches, an entertainment program, kids' clubs, restaurants and supermarkets. Some holiday centres allow regular visitors to purchase their own chalets, and generations of the same families may visit each year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontananaturist.org-8">[6]</a> Holiday centres are more tolerant of clothing than members-only clubs; total nudity is usually compulsory in the swimming pools and may be expected on the beaches, while on the football pitches, or in the restaurants in the evening, it is rare.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontananaturist.org-8">[6]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nudist_couple_at_Terra_Cotta_Inn,_Palm_Springs,_CA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Nudist_couple_at_Terra_Cotta_Inn%2C_Palm_Springs%2C_CA.JPG/220px-Nudist_couple_at_Terra_Cotta_Inn%2C_Palm_Springs%2C_CA.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Nudist_couple_at_Terra_Cotta_Inn%2C_Palm_Springs%2C_CA.JPG/330px-Nudist_couple_at_Terra_Cotta_Inn%2C_Palm_Springs%2C_CA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Nudist_couple_at_Terra_Cotta_Inn%2C_Palm_Springs%2C_CA.JPG/440px-Nudist_couple_at_Terra_Cotta_Inn%2C_Palm_Springs%2C_CA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Nudist couple at Terra Cotta Inn, Palm Springs, California, US</figcaption></figure> A naturist resort is, to a European, a private property with accommodation and facilities where naturism is the norm. Centre Helio-Marin in <a href="/wiki/Vendays-Montalivet" title="Vendays-Montalivet">Vendays Montalivet</a>, France (the first naturist resort, established in 1950); the naturist village of <a href="/wiki/Charco_del_Palo" title="Charco del Palo">Charco del Palo</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lanzarote" title="Lanzarote">Lanzarote</a>, Canary Islands; <a href="/wiki/Vera,_Spain" title="Vera, Spain">Vera Playa</a> in Spain;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeraPlaya2006-14">[11]</a> and Vritomartis Resort<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider200941-15">[12]</a> in Greece are examples. In US usage, a <a href="/wiki/Naturist_resort" title="Naturist resort">naturist resort</a> can mean a holiday centre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETerraCotta2011-16">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur">Freikörperkultur</a> (FKK)—literally translated as 'free body culture'—is the name for the general movement in Germany. The abbreviation is recognised outside of Germany and can be found on informal signs indicating the direction to a remote naturist beach.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstanze2019-17">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nude_beaches">Nude beaches</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nude beaches">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beach_nudism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Beach_nudism.jpg/220px-Beach_nudism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Beach_nudism.jpg/330px-Beach_nudism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Beach_nudism.jpg/440px-Beach_nudism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4069" data-file-height="3126" /></a><figcaption>People bathing naked after the <a href="/wiki/World_Naked_Bike_Ride" title="World Naked Bike Ride">World Naked Bike Ride</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>, 2017</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:At_the_nudist_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/At_the_nudist_beach.jpg/220px-At_the_nudist_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/At_the_nudist_beach.jpg/330px-At_the_nudist_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/At_the_nudist_beach.jpg/440px-At_the_nudist_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A group of naturists at a nude beach in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, 2008</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nude_beach" title="Nude beach">Nude beach</a></div> In some European countries, such as Denmark,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESNP2012-18">[15]</a> all beaches are clothing optional, and in others like Germany (and experimentally in France)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuardian2017a-19">[16]</a> there are naturist sunbathing areas in public parks (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Englischer_Garten#Schönfeldwiese_and_surroundings" title="Englischer Garten">in Munich</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEganz-muenchen.de-20">[17]</a> and Berlin).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015a-21">[18]</a> Beaches in some holiday destinations, such as Crete, are clothing optional except some central urban beaches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2014-22">[19]</a> There are two centrally located clothes-optional beaches in Barcelona.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2012-23">[20]</a> Sweden allows nudity on all beaches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMapes2019-24">[21]</a> In a survey by The Daily Telegraph, Germans and Austrians were most likely to have visited a nude beach (28%), followed by Norwegians (18%), Spaniards (17%), Australians (17%), and New Zealanders (16%). Of the nationalities surveyed, the Japanese (2%) were the least likely to have visited a nude beach.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBridge2014-25">[22]</a> This result may indicate the lack of nude beaches in Japan; however, the Japanese are open with regard to family bathing nude at home and at <a href="/wiki/Onsen" title="Onsen">onsens</a> (hot springs).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJapanToday2012-26">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festival_naturism">Festival naturism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Festival naturism">edit</a>]</div> From <a href="/wiki/Woodstock" title="Woodstock">Woodstock</a> to <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh Festival">Edinburgh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nambassa" title="Nambassa">Nambassa</a> in the southern hemisphere, communal nudity can be seen at music and <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture</a> festivals.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Nambassa <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> festivals held in New Zealand in the late 1970s were examples of non-sexual naturism. Of the 75,000 patrons who attended the 1979 Nambassa three-day festival, an estimated 35% of attendees spontaneously chose to remove their clothing,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENambassa2011-27">[24]</a> preferring complete or partial nudity.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesBroadley1979[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People_pix_in_the_village.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/People_pix_in_the_village.jpg/220px-People_pix_in_the_village.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/People_pix_in_the_village.jpg/330px-People_pix_in_the_village.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/People_pix_in_the_village.jpg/440px-People_pix_in_the_village.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption>Naturist couple at the <a href="/wiki/Nambassa" title="Nambassa">Nambassa</a> festival, New Zealand, 1981</figcaption></figure> Some nudist festivals are held to celebrate particular days of the year, and activities may include nude <a href="/wiki/Bodypainting" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodypainting">bodypainting</a>. One example is the Neptune Day Festival held in <a href="/wiki/Koktebel" title="Koktebel">Koktebel</a>, Crimea to depict mythological events.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenison2016Naked_Club2015-29">[26]</a> Another is the Festival Nudista Zipolite organized by the Federación Nudista de México (Mexican Nudist Federation) held annually since 2016 on the first weekend of February.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFNdM-30">[27]</a> A few camps organize activities in the nude, such as oil wrestling<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEleftheriou-Smith2016-31">[28]</a> by camp Gymnasium.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015b-32">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Posing_nude_at_Burning_Man.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Posing_nude_at_Burning_Man.jpg/220px-Posing_nude_at_Burning_Man.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Posing_nude_at_Burning_Man.jpg/330px-Posing_nude_at_Burning_Man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Posing_nude_at_Burning_Man.jpg/440px-Posing_nude_at_Burning_Man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2708" data-file-height="2708" /></a><figcaption>Naked participant at <a href="/wiki/Burning_Man" title="Burning Man">Burning Man</a> 2016 posing<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEαNaturist2016-33">[30]</a> as <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Vitruvian_Man" title="Vitruvian Man">Vitruvian Man</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summer_naturism">Summer naturism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Summer naturism">edit</a>]</div> Naturism tends to be more common during the warmer summer months. Some regions host first-time naturists and people who have recently started to practice the naturist lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLellan2007-34">[31]</a> One study noted that some of these people are seasonal naturists who wear clothes during other times of the year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasler1964-35">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_nudity" title="History of nudity">Nudity in History</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_social_nudity" title="Timeline of social nudity">Timeline of social nudity</a></div> Nudity in social contexts has been practised in various forms by many cultures and in all time periods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015c-36">[33]</a> In modern Western society, social nudity is most frequently encountered in the contexts of bathing, swimming and using saunas, whether in single-sex groups, within the family, or with mixed-sex friends, but throughout history and in many contemporary tropical cultures, nudity is a norm at many sports events and competitions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015d-37">[34]</a> The first known use of the word naturisme occurred in 1778. A French-speaking Belgian, Jean Baptiste Luc Planchon (1734–1781), used the term to advocate nudism as a means of improving the hygiène de vie or healthy living.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlanchon1778[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-38">[35]</a> The earliest known naturist club in the western sense of the word was established in British India in 1891. The Fellowship of the Naked Trust was founded by Charles Edward Gordon Crawford, a widower who was a <a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of India">District and Sessions Judge</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Civil_Service" title="Indian Civil Service">Civil Service</a>. The commune was based in <a href="/wiki/Matheran" title="Matheran">Matheran</a> and had just three members at the beginning: Crawford and two sons of an <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> missionary, Andrew and Kellogg Calderwood.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkarni2010-39">[36]</a> The commune fell apart when Crawford was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Ratnagiri" title="Ratnagiri">Ratnagiri</a>; he died soon after in 1894.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrar2005a-40">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koch,_Max_(1859%E2%80%931930)_-_1897_-_Freilicht_-_vmp_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Koch%2C_Max_%281859%E2%80%931930%29_-_1897_-_Freilicht_-_vmp_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Koch%2C_Max_%281859%E2%80%931930%29_-_1897_-_Freilicht_-_vmp_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Koch%2C_Max_%281859%E2%80%931930%29_-_1897_-_Freilicht_-_vmp_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Koch%2C_Max_%281859%E2%80%931930%29_-_1897_-_Freilicht_-_vmp_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Koch%2C_Max_%281859%E2%80%931930%29_-_1897_-_Freilicht_-_vmp_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Koch%2C_Max_%281859%E2%80%931930%29_-_1897_-_Freilicht_-_vmp_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Max_Friedrich_Koch" title="Max Friedrich Koch">Max Koch</a>'s Freilicht, ca. 1894/1897</figcaption></figure> In 1902, a series of philosophical papers was published in Germany by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Pudor" title="Heinrich Pudor">Heinrich Pudor</a> under the pseudonym Heinrich Scham, who coined the term Nacktkultur. In 1906 he wrote a three-volume treatise with this term as its title, which discussed the benefits of nudity in co-education and advocated participating in sports while being free of cumbersome clothing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchy2005-41">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ungewitter" title="Richard Ungewitter">Richard Ungewitter</a> (Nacktheit, 1906, Nackt, 1908, etc.) proposed that combining physical fitness, sunlight, and fresh-air bathing, and then adding the nudist philosophy, contributed to mental and psychological fitness, good health, and an improved moral-life view.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchy2005-41">[38]</a> Major promoters of these ideas included <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Koch" title="Adolf Koch">Adolf Koch</a> and Hans Suren. Germany published the first journal of nudism from 1902 to 1932.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2013[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-42">[39]</a> The wide publication of those papers, and others, contributed to an explosive worldwide growth of nudism in which nudists participated in various social, recreational, and physical fitness activities in the nude. The first organized club for nudists on a large scale, Freilichtpark (Free-Light Park), was opened near Hamburg in 1903 by Paul Zimmerman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchy2005-41">[38]</a> In 1919, German doctor <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Huldschinsky" title="Kurt Huldschinsky">Kurt Huldschinsky</a> discovered that exposure to sunlight helped to cure <a href="/wiki/Rickets" title="Rickets">rickets</a> in many children, causing sunlight to be associated with improved health.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2014-43">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1983-0815-302,_FKK-Str%C3%A4nde_des_Senftenberger_Erholungsgebietes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1983-0815-302%2C_FKK-Str%C3%A4nde_des_Senftenberger_Erholungsgebietes.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1983-0815-302%2C_FKK-Str%C3%A4nde_des_Senftenberger_Erholungsgebietes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1983-0815-302%2C_FKK-Str%C3%A4nde_des_Senftenberger_Erholungsgebietes.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1983-0815-302%2C_FKK-Str%C3%A4nde_des_Senftenberger_Erholungsgebietes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1983-0815-302%2C_FKK-Str%C3%A4nde_des_Senftenberger_Erholungsgebietes.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1983-0815-302%2C_FKK-Str%C3%A4nde_des_Senftenberger_Erholungsgebietes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Naturist family on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Senftenberg" title="Lake Senftenberg">Lake Senftenberg</a> in 1983</figcaption></figure> In France in the early 20th century, the brothers <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Durville" title="Gaston Durville">Gaston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Durville" title="André Durville">André Durville</a>, both physicians, studied the effects of psychology, nutrition, and environment on health and healing. They became convinced of the importance of natural foods and the natural environment on human well-being and health. They named this concept naturisme. The profound effect of clean air and sunlight on human bodies became evident to them and so nudity became a part of their naturism.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaubérot2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-44">[41]</a> Naturism became a more widespread phenomenon in the 1920s in Germany, the United Kingdom, France and other European countries and spread to the United States, where it became established in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarcan2004-45">[42]</a> By 1951, the various national federations united to form the International Naturist Federation.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-12">[9]</a> Some naturists preferred not to join clubs, and after 1945, pressure arose to designate beaches for naturist use. From the middle of the 20th century, with changing leisure patterns, commercial organisations began opening holiday resorts to attract naturists who expected the same – or better – standards of comfort and amenity offered to non-naturists. More recently, naturist holiday options have expanded to include cruises.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchy2005-41">[38]</a> In the early 21st century, many organised clubs saw a decline in attendance by young people, which worried many naturists about the future of the movement. The clubs' aging memberships may have put younger people off. A rise in <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">social conservatism</a>, re-asserting a nudity taboo, also may have contributed to the decline. However, since tolerance for nudity in general is increasing over time,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000-46">[43]</a> and is higher among younger generations,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENZHerald2008-47">[44]</a> an alternative hypothesis is that younger naturists no longer feel they need to join a club or visit a resort in order to practise naturism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaskell_Smith2015-48">[45]</a> Active recruitment of younger members is being pursued by some organisations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlaister2007Briggs2013Connolly2019-49">[46]</a> The phenomenon varies by country, with, for example, naturism in France experiencing steady growth in a younger demographic during the 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERenou2017le_dauphiné2018-50">[47]</a> A similar trend is seen in Germany, with young people eager to depart from social norms and beauty standards.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance_242022-51">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writers">Writers</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Writers">edit</a>]</div> Naturism was part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism_(literary_movement)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturism (literary movement) (page does not exist)">a literary movement</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturisme_(mouvement_litt%C3%A9raire)" class="extiw" title="fr:Naturisme (mouvement littéraire)">fr</a>] in the late 19th century (see the writings of <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a>) that also influenced the art movements of the time, specifically <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauve</a> painters. This movement was based on the French concept of <a href="/wiki/Joie_de_vivre" title="Joie de vivre">joie de vivre</a>, the idea of reveling freely in physical sensations and direct experiences and a spontaneous approach to life.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrisonPerry1993[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-52">[49]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Pudor" title="Heinrich Pudor">Heinrich Pudor</a> wrote on methods to improve social hygiene in his book Nackende Menschen und Jauchzen der Zukunft ('Naked people and the rejoicing of the future') and then Nacktkultur ('Nude Culture'). It prescribes an austere lifestyle and nudity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000-46">[43]</a></li> <li>Paul Zimmermann opened the Freilicht Park in Lübeck which was open to those who subscribed to Nacktkultur principles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000-46">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ungewitter" title="Richard Ungewitter">Richard Ungewitter</a> wrote Die Nacktheit ('Nakedness') which sold 90,000 copies, prescribed a similar Utopian lifestyle, where everyone would be nude, eat only vegetables and abstain from alcohol and tobacco. In his Utopia, everyone was to be Germanic with blue eyes and blonde hair.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000-46">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Koch" title="Adolf Koch">Adolf Koch</a>, a left-wing primary-school teacher, sought to use social nudity to free the people from "authority fixated conditioning which held proletarians in deference of their masters: parental authority, paternalism of the church, the mass media and organs of law and order."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] He used Organic-Rhythmic exercises in Berlin schools in the 1920s. In 1932 there were about 100,000 Germans involved with naturism, of which 70,000 were in Koch's Körperschülen schools.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000-46">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Sur%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Surén (page does not exist)">Hans Surén</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sur%C3%A9n" class="extiw" title="de:Hans Surén">de</a>] taught nude gymnastics to soldiers for five years, and on being forced to leave the army, he wrote (in 1924) Der Mensch und die Sonne ('Man and the Sun') which ran to 61 reprints.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000-46">[43]</a></li> <li>American writers <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitman1883104-53">[50]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKillingsworth2004-54">[51]</a> both wrote of nudity within the natural environment.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> Naturist activities can have positive psychological benefits including greater life satisfaction, more positive body image, and higher self-esteem.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2018-3">[3]</a> Social nudity leads to acceptance in spite of differences in age, body shape, fitness, and health.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeltheim1994-55">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_religion" title="Nudity in religion">Nudity in religion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gymnosophist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnosophist">Gymnosophist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gymnosophy" title="Gymnosophy">Gymnosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Gymnosophical_Association" title="American Gymnosophical Association">American Gymnosophical Association</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christian_naturism" title="Christian naturism">Christian naturism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naga_Sadhu_and_Devotee_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2601.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Naga_Sadhu_and_Devotee_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2601.JPG/220px-Naga_Sadhu_and_Devotee_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2601.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Naga_Sadhu_and_Devotee_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2601.JPG/330px-Naga_Sadhu_and_Devotee_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2601.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Naga_Sadhu_and_Devotee_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2601.JPG/440px-Naga_Sadhu_and_Devotee_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2601.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A Naga <a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a>, or naked <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> holy man</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Christian_naturism" title="Christian naturism">Christian naturism</a> includes various members associated with most <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a>. Although beliefs vary, a common theme is that much of Christianity has misinterpreted the events regarding the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>, and that God was displeased with <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a> for covering their bodies with <a href="/wiki/Fig_leaf" title="Fig leaf">fig leaves</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2000-56">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Controversy">edit</a>]</div> Naturism is usually promoted as not being sexual, but there are resorts where social nudity is practised alongside <a href="/wiki/Exhibitionism" title="Exhibitionism">exhibitionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voyeurism" title="Voyeurism">voyeurism</a>, and other alternative lifestyles like <a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">swinging</a>. Mainstream discourse around naturism sometimes conflates sexual and non-sexual variations, though family-oriented naturism organisations try to resist this stigma. Some naturist clubs have shifted to catering to swingers, and as a result may be expelled from mainstream naturist organizations,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlumetti2019-57">[54]</a> whilst some naturist villages, notably <a href="/wiki/Cap_d%27Agde" title="Cap d'Agde">Cap d'Agde</a>, have been successfully overtaken by swingers and "<a href="/wiki/Libertine" title="Libertine">libertines</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELichfield2010-58">[55]</a> Others struggle with wanting to maintain a family image while being lax in behavior enforcements for fear of losing revenue and no longer being financially viable.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECinder1998[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-59">[56]</a> Attempts have been made to legislate naturist activity, such as children's summer camps.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELessig2004-60">[57]</a> Many films and published materials in the middle decades of the 20th century were presented as documentaries of the naturist lifestyle. In fact this was largely a pretext to exploit a loophole in censorship laws restricting the exhibition of nudity.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESconce2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-61">[58]</a> Additionally, child pornography has been distributed under the guise of naturist media.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolker2021-62">[59]</a> Precisely defining the distinction has proved challenging for law enforcers, as it depends on the subjective question of whether the purpose of the production is sexual.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolker2021-62">[59]</a> Court cases attempting to differentiate naturist publications from pornography reach back almost a century.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidflAU0cgjLkkCpgPT238_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurphySpear2011[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidflAU0cgjLkkCpgPT238-63">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: South Africa">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signpost_at_Mpenjati_Naturist_Beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Signpost_at_Mpenjati_Naturist_Beach.jpg/220px-Signpost_at_Mpenjati_Naturist_Beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Signpost_at_Mpenjati_Naturist_Beach.jpg/330px-Signpost_at_Mpenjati_Naturist_Beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Signpost_at_Mpenjati_Naturist_Beach.jpg/440px-Signpost_at_Mpenjati_Naturist_Beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Signpost at Mpenjati Naturist Beach</figcaption></figure> Mpenjati beach in <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> province of South Africa has nude-beach status.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESA-V-64">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Europe" title="List of social nudity places in Europe">List of social nudity places in Europe</a></div> In most European countries, nudity is not explicitly forbidden. Whether it is tolerated on beaches which are not marked as official nudist beaches varies greatly. The only country with substantially different laws is Denmark, where beach nudity is explicitly allowed on all beaches, except for two in the far west of the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaturistNet2012-65">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Belgium">edit</a>]</div> Organized naturism in Belgium began in 1924 when engineer Joseph-Paul Swenne founded the Belgian League of Heliophilous Propaganda (usually abbreviated to Hélios) in <a href="/wiki/Uccle" title="Uccle">Uccle</a>. This was followed four years later by De Spar, founded by Jozef Geertz and hosted on the country estate of entrepreneur Oswald Johan de Schampelaere. Belgian naturism was influenced in equal part by French naturism and German Freikörperkultur.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters2011[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-66">[63]</a> Belgian naturists are represented by the Federatie van Belgische Naturisten (FBN).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFBN-67">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Croatia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nudist_camp_Valalta.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nudist_camp_Valalta.JPG/220px-Nudist_camp_Valalta.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nudist_camp_Valalta.JPG/330px-Nudist_camp_Valalta.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nudist_camp_Valalta.JPG/440px-Nudist_camp_Valalta.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A woman naked on the beach at Valalta, Croatia</figcaption></figure> Croatia is world-famous for naturism, which accounts for about 15% of its tourism industry. It was also the first European country to develop commercial naturist resorts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEuro-POI2011-68">[65]</a> During a 1936 Adriatic cruise, <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> stopped at a beach on the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Rab" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Rab">island of Rab</a> where King Edward obtained special permission from the local government to swim naked, this event marked the beginning of nudist tourism in Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2017-69">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Finland">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Badstuga,_efter_illustration_i_Acerbis_Travels,_Nordisk_familjebok.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Badstuga%2C_efter_illustration_i_Acerbis_Travels%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/220px-Badstuga%2C_efter_illustration_i_Acerbis_Travels%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Badstuga%2C_efter_illustration_i_Acerbis_Travels%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/330px-Badstuga%2C_efter_illustration_i_Acerbis_Travels%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Badstuga%2C_efter_illustration_i_Acerbis_Travels%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/440px-Badstuga%2C_efter_illustration_i_Acerbis_Travels%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png 2x" data-file-width="2899" data-file-height="2444" /></a><figcaption>Finnish Sauna (1802)</figcaption></figure> In Finnish culture, nudism is considered to be a relatively normal way to live. It is not uncommon to see entire families spending time together naked. Families may be naked while bathing, in a <a href="/wiki/Finnish_sauna" title="Finnish sauna">sauna</a>, swimming in a pool, or playing on a beach, and it is not unusual to see children playing naked in a family yard for example. Nudity as a whole is considered less taboo than in many other countries.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;White1991[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;Woycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_i" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuner1942[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;White1991[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;Woycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_France" title="Naturism in France">Naturism in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nude_hiking_in_Gard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Nude_hiking_in_Gard.jpg/220px-Nude_hiking_in_Gard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Nude_hiking_in_Gard.jpg/330px-Nude_hiking_in_Gard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Nude_hiking_in_Gard.jpg/440px-Nude_hiking_in_Gard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Randonue in <a href="/wiki/Aiguillon_(C%C3%A8ze)" title="Aiguillon (Cèze)">Les Concluses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>, 2008</figcaption></figure> Marcel Kienné de Mongeot is credited with starting naturism in France in 1920. His family had suffered from tuberculosis, and he saw naturism as a cure and a continuation of the traditions of the ancient Greeks. In 1926, he started the magazine Vivre intégralement (later titled Vivre) and the first French naturist club, Sparta Club, at Garambouville, near Évreux. The court action that he initiated established that nudism was legal on private property that was fenced and screened.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-12">[9]</a> Drs. André and Gaston Durville bought 70 hectares (170 acres) on the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_du_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Île du Levant">Île du Levant</a> where they established the village of Héliopolis, which was open to the public. In 1925, Dr. François Fougerat de David de Lastours wrote a thesis on <a href="/wiki/Heliotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliotherapy">heliotherapy</a>, and in that year, he opened the Club gymnique de France. In 1936, the naturist movement was officially recognised.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-12">[9]</a> Albert and Christine Lecocq were active members of many of these clubs, but they left after disagreements, and in 1944, they founded the Club du Soleil with members in 84 cities. Four years later, they founded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_de_Naturisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fédération Française de Naturisme (page does not exist)">Fédération Française de Naturisme</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Fran%C3%A7aise_de_Naturisme" class="extiw" title="fr:Fédération Française de Naturisme">fr</a>] (FFN); in 1949, they started the magazine Vie au Soleil, and in 1950, they opened the <a href="/wiki/CHM_Montalivet" title="CHM Montalivet">CHM Montalivet</a>, the world's first naturist holiday centre, where the INF was formed.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-12">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Zisly" title="Henri Zisly">Henri Zisly</a> was another prominent figure and primitivist in the French naturism movement who wrote on a return to lifestyles based on self-sufficiency.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Germany">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Germany" title="Naturism in Germany">Naturism in Germany</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur">Freikörperkultur</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FKK-Gelande_Sudstrand_(2200636875).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/FKK-Gelande_Sudstrand_%282200636875%29.jpg/220px-FKK-Gelande_Sudstrand_%282200636875%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/FKK-Gelande_Sudstrand_%282200636875%29.jpg/330px-FKK-Gelande_Sudstrand_%282200636875%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/FKK-Gelande_Sudstrand_%282200636875%29.jpg/440px-FKK-Gelande_Sudstrand_%282200636875%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Public naturist recreation area at Lake Unterbach; Strandbad Süd, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Unterbach#Lake_Unterbach" title="Düsseldorf-Unterbach">Düsseldorf-Unterbach</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> German naturism (<a href="/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur">Freikörperkultur</a>, FKK) was part of the <a href="/wiki/Lebensreform" title="Lebensreform">Lebensreform</a> movement and the <a href="/wiki/Wandervogel" title="Wandervogel">Wandervogel</a> youth movement of 1896, from <a href="/wiki/Steglitz" title="Steglitz">Steglitz</a>, Berlin, which promoted ideas of fitness and vigour. At the same time, doctors of the Naturheilbewegung (Natural Healing Movement) were using heliotherapy, treating diseases such as tuberculosis, rheumatism, and scrofula with exposure to sunlight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000-46">[43]</a> Nacktkultur, a term coined in 1903 by Heinrich Pudor, connected nudity, vegetarianism and social reform, and was practised in a network of 200 members clubs.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToepfer1997[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-72">[69]</a> The movement gained prominence in the 1920s by offering a health-giving lifestyle with Utopian ideals. Germany published the first naturist journal from 1902 to 1932,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2013[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-42">[39]</a> but it became politicised by radical socialists who believed it would lead to classlessness and a breakdown of society. It eventually became associated with <a href="/wiki/Pacificism" title="Pacificism">pacificism</a>.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHau2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-73">[70]</a> In 1926, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Koch" title="Adolf Koch">Adolf Koch</a> established a school of naturism in Berlin, encouraging a mixing of the sexes, open air exercises, and a programme of "sexual hygiene". In 1929 the Berlin school hosted the first International Congress on Nudity.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToepfer1997[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-72">[69]</a> After World War II, <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germans</a> were free to practice naturism, chiefly at beaches rather than clubs (private organizations were regarded as potentially subversive). Naturism became a large element in DDR politics. The Proletarische Freikörperkulturbewegung subsection of the Workers Sports Organisation had 60,000 members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000-46">[43]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunification</a> there are many clubs, parks and beaches open to naturists,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoin2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-1">[1]</a> though nudity has become less common in the former eastern zone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuardian2017b-74">[71]</a> Germans are typically the most commonly seen visitors at nude beaches in France and around Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrien2007-75">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Greece">edit</a>]</div> There are no official nude beaches, however there are unofficial nude beaches on the islands frequented by tourists,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPostcards2017GTP2013-76">[73]</a> like Crete,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreek_Islands_US-77">[74]</a> Mykonos or Karpathos, and on smaller islands like Skopelos or Skiathos<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZikakou2014-78">[75]</a> where nudity is tolerated, usually at the more remote ends or secluded areas of beaches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegula2019-79">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">Toplessness</a> also is widely practiced by locals and tourists alike as there are no cultural taboos against it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEΤσεμπερλιδου2014TheToc2015-80">[77]</a> In 2015, a court in Thessaloniki, Greece's second largest city, acquitted nudist activists who were charged for wandering naked in the city as part of their activist actions for promoting the urban nudism. In its ruling, the court deemed these acts to be "not lewd or lascivious", and vindicated the activists, thus recognizing their right to be naked publicly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoutsoumbu2015-81">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Italy">edit</a>]</div> Full nudity is admitted in Italy in the official naturist beaches and places of the country, and in many other places where there is an established tradition of naturist attendance, as confirmed by a recent absolution sentence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEANITA2019-82">[79]</a> In all other public places, full nudity is generally prohibited by civil law and could be punished with fines that have been recently reduced (minimum €51 to maximum €309).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorte_Costituzionale2022-83">[80]</a> In the last decades, six regions have created laws to promote naturist tourism,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatti2015-84">[81]</a> and actually there are more than 20 official naturist beaches in Italy, where naturism is recognised and guaranteed by administrative acts, and more than 30 beaches with a long tradition of naturist attendance where nudity is accepted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFENAIT2019-85">[82]</a> Naturist accommodations are located in most of the regions and it is estimated that the number of nudists and naturists in Italy is about 500,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERibolzi2017-86">[83]</a> Since the 1960s, there have been naturist associations in many regions, and a naturist federation on a national level.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Female <a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">toplessness</a> is allowed, in a nonsexual context, in all the beaches of the country. On March 20, 2000, the Supreme Court of Cassation through sentence No. 3557 has determined that the exposure of the nude female breast since some decades is considered a "commonly accepted behavior" and therefore has "entered into the social custom".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorte_Suprema_di_Cassazione2004-87">[84]</a> Since then, local government regulations forbidding toplessness are extremely rare. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Netherlands">edit</a>]</div> The oldest Dutch naturist association is Zon en Leven ('Sun and Life'), founded in 1946 with the aim of promoting healthy physical and mental development and a natural way of life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENFN-88">[85]</a> The national association is Naturisten Federatie Nederland (NFN), which in 2017 adopted the name Bloot Gewoon! ('Simply Naked') in an effort to become more accessible to casual naturists and strengthen the acceptance of nude recreation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENFN2017-89">[86]</a> In general, Dutch people are very tolerant of beach nudity, as long as it does not impact others, or involve inappropriate staring or sexual behaviour. Topless sunbathing is permitted on most beaches except where prohibited by signage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENLTourism2014-90">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Portugal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Portugal" title="Naturism in Portugal">Naturism in Portugal</a></div> The Federação Portuguesa de Naturismo (Portuguese Naturist Federation) or FPN was founded on 1 March 1977 in Lisbon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFPN2017FPN2020-91">[88]</a> In the 21st century, naturism is considered a tolerated practice, whereas there are many officially designated nudist beaches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeOut2020-92">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Poland">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodstock_Poland_2014_--_FKK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Woodstock_Poland_2014_--_FKK.jpg/220px-Woodstock_Poland_2014_--_FKK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Woodstock_Poland_2014_--_FKK.jpg/330px-Woodstock_Poland_2014_--_FKK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Woodstock_Poland_2014_--_FKK.jpg/440px-Woodstock_Poland_2014_--_FKK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Nude men at the <a href="/wiki/Przystanek_Woodstock" class="mw-redirect" title="Przystanek Woodstock">Przystanek Woodstock</a> festival, 2014</figcaption></figure> In modern-day Poland, naturism is practiced in number of the seaside and inland beaches. Most Polish beaches of this type are actually <a href="/wiki/Free_beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Free beach">clothing-optional</a> rather than naturist. One such beach is <a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyzdroje" title="Międzyzdroje">Międzyzdroje-Lubiewo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECiazelaRoszak2018-93">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Spain">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nude_couple_in_Barcelona,_Spain_-_20070928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Nude_couple_in_Barcelona%2C_Spain_-_20070928.jpg/220px-Nude_couple_in_Barcelona%2C_Spain_-_20070928.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Nude_couple_in_Barcelona%2C_Spain_-_20070928.jpg/330px-Nude_couple_in_Barcelona%2C_Spain_-_20070928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Nude_couple_in_Barcelona%2C_Spain_-_20070928.jpg/440px-Nude_couple_in_Barcelona%2C_Spain_-_20070928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Couple walking naked in the streets of Barcelona, Spain</figcaption></figure> Public nudity in Spain is not illegal since there is no law banning its practice. Spanish legislation foresees felony for exhibitionism but restricts its scope to obscene exposure in front of children or mentally impaired individuals, i.e. with sexual connotation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBOE1995-94">[91]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] There are, however, some municipalities (like <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_del_Pinatar,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain">San Pedro del Pinatar</a>) where public nudity has been banned by means of by-laws. Other municipalities (like Barcelona, Salou, Platja de Palma and Sant Antoni de Portmany) have used similar provisions to regulate partial nudity, requiring people to cover their torsos on the streets. Some naturist associations have appealed these by-laws on the grounds that a fundamental right (<a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a>, as they understand nudism to be self-expression) cannot be regulated with such a mechanism. Some courts have ruled in favour of nudist associations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEuropaPress2011Digital2014-95">[92]</a> Nudism in Spain is normally practised by the seaside, on beaches or small coves with a tradition of naturism. In Vera, Spain, there is a wide residential area formed by nudist urbanisations. Nudist organisations may organise some activities elsewhere in inner territory. Research was done on the island of <a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Menorca</a>, where naturism is practiced at small, isolated beaches apart from the island's developed resorts. Not everyone on these beaches, even within a group, is nude, and both types of participants were interviewed. Most were white heterosexuals between the ages of 25 and 40 who live in cities such as Madrid or Barcelona. For them, being nude on a beach is about bodily sensations of sun, sea, and sand directly on the skin, not about cultural meanings or performance of bodily appearance. The behaviors that support the non-sexual definition of the situation work by downplaying the visual, most of all by not staring at others. It is also unacceptable for a person to actively seek the gaze of others. Naturists may see the decision not to be nude is holding on to the visual, and non-naturists may see beach nudity as a form of exhibitionism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEObrador-Pons2007-96">[93]</a> Legal provisions regarding partial nudity (or toplessness) are analogous to those regarding full nudity, but social tolerance towards toplessness is higher. The law does not require women to cover their breasts in public swimming, or on any beach in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPARÍS2017-97">[94]</a> The governments of the municipalities of Galdakao and L'Ametlla del Vallès legalized female toplessness on their public pools in March 2016 and June 2018, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndueza2016Publico2018-98">[95]</a> Naturists were a prominent <a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">affinity group</a> among <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spanish anarcho-syndicalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Naturism" title="British Naturism">British Naturism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Europe#United_Kingdom" title="List of social nudity places in Europe">List of social nudity places in Europe § United Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WNBR_London_2016_(31088095095).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/WNBR_London_2016_%2831088095095%29.jpg/170px-WNBR_London_2016_%2831088095095%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/WNBR_London_2016_%2831088095095%29.jpg/255px-WNBR_London_2016_%2831088095095%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/WNBR_London_2016_%2831088095095%29.jpg/340px-WNBR_London_2016_%2831088095095%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/World_Naked_Bike_Ride" title="World Naked Bike Ride">World Naked Bike Ride</a> in London, 2016</figcaption></figure> In the United Kingdom, the first official nudist club was established in Wickford, Essex, in 1924. According to Michael Farrar, writing for <a href="/wiki/British_Naturism" title="British Naturism">British Naturism</a>, the club adopted the name "Moonella Group" from the name of the owner of the ground and called its site The Camp. Moonella, who was still living in 1965 but whose identity remains to be discovered, had inherited a house with land in 1923 and made it available to certain members of the New Gymnosophy Society. This society was founded a few years before by H.C. Booth, M.H. Sorensen and Rex Wellbye under the name of the English Gymnosophical Society. It met for discussions at the Minerva Cafe at 144 <a href="/wiki/High_Holborn" title="High Holborn">High Holborn</a> in London, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Freedom_League" title="Women's Freedom League">Women's Freedom League</a>. Those who were permitted to join the Moonella Group were carefully selected, and the club was run by a leadership of the original members, all of whom had club names to preserve their anonymity. The club closed in 1926 because of construction on adjacent land.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBNTimeLine2011Farrar2005b-100">[97]</a> By 1943, there were a number of "sun clubs", and together they formed the British Sun Bathers Association, or BSBA. In 1954, a group of clubs unhappy with the way the BSBA was being run, split to form the Federation of British Sun Clubs, or FBSC. In 1961, the BSBA Annual Conference agreed that the term nudist was inappropriate and should be discarded in favour of naturist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBNTimeLine2011-101">[98]</a> The two organisations rivalled each other before eventually coming together again in 1964 as the Central Council for British Naturism, or CCBN. This organisational structure has remained much the same but as of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit">[update]</a> it is called British Naturism or BN.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBNTimeLine2011-101">[98]</a> The first official nude beach was opened at <a href="/wiki/Fairlight_Glen" title="Fairlight Glen">Fairlight Glen</a> in Covehurst Bay near Hastings in 1978 (not to be confused with Fairlight Cove, which is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the east), followed later by the beaches at Brighton and Fraisthorpe. Bridlington opened in April 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBNTimeLine2011-101">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oceania">Oceania</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Oceania" title="List of social nudity places in Oceania">List of social nudity places in Oceania</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skinny_dipping_hippy_girls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Skinny_dipping_hippy_girls.jpg/220px-Skinny_dipping_hippy_girls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Skinny_dipping_hippy_girls.jpg/330px-Skinny_dipping_hippy_girls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Skinny_dipping_hippy_girls.jpg/440px-Skinny_dipping_hippy_girls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>Naturist swimmers in Australia</figcaption></figure> Australia's first naturist club was founded in Sydney in 1931 by the French-born anarchist and pacifist <a href="/wiki/Kleber_Claux" title="Kleber Claux">Kleber Claux</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECockington200574–78-102">[99]</a> In 1975, the southern half of <a href="/wiki/Maslin_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Maslin Beach">Maslin Beach</a>, south of Adelaide, was declared Australia's first official nude beach.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteel1975-103">[100]</a> The beach is almost 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) long, so the area reserved for nude bathing is away from other beach users. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_New_Zealand" title="Naturism in New Zealand">Naturism in New Zealand</a></div> Nudist clubs (called sun clubs) were established in Dunedin and Auckland in early 1938; the Auckland Sun Group went into recess shortly afterwards due to the outbreak of World War II. In 1958 the allied nudist clubs of New Zealand established the New Zealand Sunbathing Association, later renamed the New Zealand Naturist Federation. The Federation includes 17 affiliated clubs with a total membership (in 2012) of 1,600 people. In 2016 the Federation, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Tourism_New_Zealand" title="Tourism New Zealand">Tourism New Zealand</a>, hosted the <a href="/wiki/International_Naturist_Federation#World_Congress" title="International Naturist Federation">World Congress of the International Naturist Federation</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Naturist_Club" title="Wellington Naturist Club">Wellington Naturist Club</a>, marking the second time the Congress had ever been held in the Southern Hemisphere.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook2013NZNF2018NatLibNZ2020-104">[101]</a> Outside formal naturist organizations, social nudity is practised in a variety of contexts in New Zealand culture. It is a feature of many summer music festivals, including Convergence,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConvergence2021-105">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kiwiburn" title="Kiwiburn">Kiwiburn</a>, Luminate,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETodd2019-106">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_%26_Vines" title="Rhythm & Vines">Rhythm & Vines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Splore" title="Splore">Splore</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENZHerald2018-107">[104]</a> in a tradition going back to <a href="/wiki/Nambassa" title="Nambassa">Nambassa</a> in the late 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENambassa2015-108">[105]</a> It is also associated with the culture of <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a>, most prominently in the nude rugby match held in Dunedin each winter from 2002 to 2014 (and sporadically thereafter) as pre-match entertainment for the first professional rugby game of the season,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoosselink2016-109">[106]</a> and in the mock public holiday "National Nude Day", an event in which viewers of the talk show <a href="/wiki/SportsCafe" title="SportsCafe">SportsCafe</a> were invited – chiefly by former rugby player <a href="/wiki/Marc_Ellis_(rugby)" title="Marc Ellis (rugby)">Marc Ellis</a>, the show's most irrepressibly comic presenter – to send in photos and video of themselves performing daily activities in the nude.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStuff2009NZonScreen2005NZa2z2020-110">[107]</a> While a large proportion of New Zealanders are tolerant of nudity, especially on beaches,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENZHerald2008-47">[44]</a> there remains a contingent who consider it obscene.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndelane2020-111">[108]</a> Naturists who engage in casual public nudity, even in places where this is lawful, risk being reported to police by disapproving people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHudson2019Davison2023-112">[109]</a> Legally, nudity is permissible on any beach where it is "known to occur",<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> in consequence of which New Zealand has no official nude beaches. The indecent exposure provision of the Summary Offences Act is, in practice, reserved for cases of public sexual gratification,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeBeaches1995-114">[111]</a> but public nudity may still be prosecuted under the "offensive behaviour" provision.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_America">North America</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: North America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_North_America#Canada" title="List of social nudity places in North America">List of social nudity places in North America § Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_standing_nude_on_the_third_peak_of_Stawamus_Chief_(DSCF7840).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Human_standing_nude_on_the_third_peak_of_Stawamus_Chief_%28DSCF7840%29.jpg/220px-Human_standing_nude_on_the_third_peak_of_Stawamus_Chief_%28DSCF7840%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Human_standing_nude_on_the_third_peak_of_Stawamus_Chief_%28DSCF7840%29.jpg/330px-Human_standing_nude_on_the_third_peak_of_Stawamus_Chief_%28DSCF7840%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Human_standing_nude_on_the_third_peak_of_Stawamus_Chief_%28DSCF7840%29.jpg/440px-Human_standing_nude_on_the_third_peak_of_Stawamus_Chief_%28DSCF7840%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4936" data-file-height="3296" /></a><figcaption>Nudist hiker in British Columbia</figcaption></figure> In Canada, individuals around the country became interested in nudism, <a href="/wiki/Nude_swimming" title="Nude swimming">skinny-dipping</a>, and physical culture in the early part of the 20th century. Sunbathing & Health, a magazine targeted toward Canadian naturists and which occasionally carried local news, began publication after 1940. There were scattered groups of naturists in several cities during the 1930s and 1940s, and some of these groups attracted enough interest to form clubs on private land.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-13">[10]</a> The most significant clubs were the Van Tan Club, formed in 1939, which is still operating in North Vancouver, BC,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-13">[10]</a> and the Sun Air Club, in Ontario. Canadians who served in the military during the Second World War met like-minded souls from across the country, and often visited clubs while in Europe. They were a ready pool of recruits for post-war organizers. A few years later, the wave of post-war immigration brought many Europeans with their own extensive experience, and they not only swelled the ranks of membership, but often formed their own clubs, helping to expand nudism from coast to coast.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-13">[10]</a> Most clubs eventually united in the Canadian Sunbathing Association, which affiliated with the American Sunbathing Association in 1954. Several disagreements between eastern and western members of the CSA resulted in its division into the Western Canadian Sunbathing Association (WCSA) and the Eastern Canadian Sunbathing Association (ECSA) in 1960. The ECSA endured much in-fighting over the next fifteen years, which led to its official demise in 1978. The WCSA changed its name to the American Association for Nude Recreation – Western Canadian Region, a region of the American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR), which itself was formerly known as the ASA.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-13">[10]</a> In 1977 the <a href="/wiki/La_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9coise_de_Naturisme" class="mw-redirect" title="La Fédération Québécoise de Naturisme">Fédération québécoise de naturisme</a> (FQN) was founded in Quebec by Michel Vaïs, who had experienced European naturism at Montalivet. In 1985 the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Canadian_Naturists" title="Federation of Canadian Naturists">Federation of Canadian Naturists</a> (FCN) was formed with the support of the FQN. In 1988 the FQN and FCN formed the <a href="/wiki/FQN-FCN_Union" title="FQN-FCN Union">FQN-FCN Union</a> as the official Canadian representative in the International Naturist Federation.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-13">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cuba">edit</a>]</div> Naturism was a major component of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_anarchist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuban anarchist (page does not exist)">Cuban anarchist</a> movement, alongside <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">anarchist communism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">anarcho-syndicalism</a>, as an alternative health and lifestyle movement. Adrián del Valle in particular advocated for the emancipatory" function of naturism in a society.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Mexico">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WestEndZipoliteNudes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/WestEndZipoliteNudes.JPG/220px-WestEndZipoliteNudes.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/WestEndZipoliteNudes.JPG/330px-WestEndZipoliteNudes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/WestEndZipoliteNudes.JPG/440px-WestEndZipoliteNudes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The far west end of Zipolite Beach, Oaxaca, Mexico</figcaption></figure> Federación Nudista de México<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFNdM-30">[27]</a> is a members organization with both individual and organization members. It promotes social nudity in Mexico, and it is recognized by the International Naturist Federation as the official national naturist organization in that country. As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playa_Zipolite" title="Playa Zipolite">Playa Zipolite</a> is Mexico's first and only legal public nude beach.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFNdM2016Ditzian2017Storey2010-117">[114]</a> A free beach and unofficially nudist for more than 50 years,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomZap2021-118">[115]</a> this beach is reputed to be the best place for nudism in the country. The numerous nude sunbathers, and the long tradition, make it safe for nudism and naturism. Annually since 2016, on the first weekend of February, Zipolite has hosted Festival Nudista Zipolite<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarín2018-119">[116]</a> that in 2019 attracted 7,000–8,000 visitors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEImparcial2019-120">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_the_United_States" title="Naturism in the United States">Naturism in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_Nude_Recreation" title="American Association for Nude Recreation">American Association for Nude Recreation</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of social nudity places in the United States">List of social nudity places in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FYN_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/FYN_09.jpg/220px-FYN_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/FYN_09.jpg/330px-FYN_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/FYN_09.jpg/440px-FYN_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Florida naturists</figcaption></figure> Kurt Barthel founded the <a href="/wiki/American_League_for_Physical_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="American League for Physical Culture">American League for Physical Culture</a> in 1929 and organized the first nudist event. In about 1930 they organized the <a href="/wiki/American_Gymnosophical_Association" title="American Gymnosophical Association">American Gymnosophical Association</a>. Barthel founded America's first official nudist camp, Sky Farm in New Jersey, in May, 1932.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllensberg1932-121">[118]</a> Around 1932, the AGA established the <a href="/wiki/Rock_Lodge_Club" title="Rock Lodge Club">Rock Lodge Club</a> as a nudist facility in Stockholm, New Jersey and <a href="/wiki/Ilsley_Boone" title="Ilsley Boone">Ilsley Boone</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Reformed">Dutch Reformed</a> minister, formed the Christian naturism movement. Naturism began to expand nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEM.2020FCN2013Lupin2012NEF1966-122">[119]</a> Nudism venues were alcohol-free until 1970.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_Nude_Recreation" title="American Association for Nude Recreation">American Association for Nude Recreation</a> (AANR) is the national naturist organization. <a href="/wiki/Arnd_Kr%C3%BCger" title="Arnd Krüger">Arnd Krüger</a> compared nudists in Germany and the United States and came to the conclusion that in Germany the racial aspects (Zuchtwahl) were important for the breakthrough (e.g. the Commanding General of the Army served as patron for nudists events), while in the U.S. nudism was far more commercial and had thus more difficulties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrüger1992343-124">[121]</a> In 2008, Florida Young Naturists held its first Naked Bash, which has been repeated multiple times per year and has grown into one of the larger young naturist gatherings in the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreyman2013-125">[122]</a> In 2009, a campaign to promote nudism in the United States occurred with an effort by the AANR to record the largest simultaneous skinny dip at several U.S. clubs and beaches, which occurred on July 11 of that year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWreck_Beach2020-126">[123]</a> In 2010, an organization formed called <a href="/wiki/Young_Naturists_America" title="Young Naturists America">Young Naturists America</a>, which was mostly focused on the younger generation, as well as social issues, such as <a href="/wiki/Body_image" title="Body image">body image</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFallon2015-127">[124]</a> Young Naturists and Nudists America closed in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatCorn2017-128">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Asia">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Naturism" title="Special:EditPage/Naturism">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beautiful_sunrise_from_Taitung_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Beautiful_sunrise_from_Taitung_beach.jpg/220px-Beautiful_sunrise_from_Taitung_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Beautiful_sunrise_from_Taitung_beach.jpg/330px-Beautiful_sunrise_from_Taitung_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Beautiful_sunrise_from_Taitung_beach.jpg/440px-Beautiful_sunrise_from_Taitung_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Sunrise on the beach, <a href="/wiki/Taitung_County" title="Taitung County">Taitung County</a>, Taiwan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Indonesia">edit</a>]</div> In the 1970s, nudity on Bali's remote and deserted beaches was common, but with the massive growth of tourism this practice has disappeared. In 2002, nudity was declared illegal on Petitenget Beach, the last beach in <a href="/wiki/Seminyak" title="Seminyak">Seminyak</a> that tolerated discreet nudity. Individuals began to practice nudity in private villas and resorts. Laki Uma Villa, the first naturist facility to open, was for gay men only. Bali au Naturel, the first adult-only nudist resort for both genders, opened its doors in 2004. It subsequently expanded from 3 to 15 rooms and added two more swimming pools. Indonesia has an underground naturist community who defy the laws against public nudity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2017-129">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Thailand">edit</a>]</div> Nudism was introduced in 2012 by The Thailand Naturist Association in Pattaya (Chan Resort), and five more nudist resorts have been created across Thailand: Barefeet Resort in Bangkok, Lemon Tree Resort in Phuket City, Oriental Village in Chiangmai, Phuan Naturist Village in Pattaya, and Peace Blue Naturist Resort in Phuket. Since 2020 during the worldwide pandemic, Lemon Tree Resort in Phuket, Oriental Village in Chiangmai, and Phuan Naturist Village in Pattaya have closed. Dragonfly Naturist Village in Pattaya (a member of American Association for Nude Recreation) has opened and expanded its property as the largest naturist resort in Thailand. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_America">South America</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: South America">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_South_America" title="List of social nudity places in South America">List of social nudity places in South America</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Argentina">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Argentina" title="Naturism in Argentina">Naturism in Argentina</a></div> Naturism is allowed in the official nude beaches of Puerto Escondido,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaya_Escondida-130">[127]</a> located near Miramar, and Playa Querandí,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEApanna-131">[128]</a> located in Villa Gesell. Total nudity is permitted in some private naturist resorts. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Brazil">edit</a>]</div> In general, public nudity tends to be condemned by the Brazilian authorities, which commonly see it as <a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">indecent exposure</a>. However, the country has the highest number of official nude beaches in Latin America, being eight in total, and this number partially is explained by the fact that the Brazilian territory has more than 8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi) of ocean coast. Moreover, there are a few private naturist clubs throughout the country where full nudity is accepted as well. Naturism in Brazil is regulated by the Brazilian Naturism Federation (in Portuguese: Federação Brasileira de Naturismo, abbreviated as FBrN).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFBrN-132">[129]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Chile">edit</a>]</div> The first nude beach in the country, called <a href="/wiki/Playa_Luna" title="Playa Luna">Playa Luna</a>, was legalized in 2000, and there are unofficial restricted areas that were created in Playa Luna Norte (<a href="/wiki/Tarapac%C3%A1" title="Tarapacá">Tarapacá</a>), Playa Luna Sur (Coliumo), Playa Escondida (<a href="/wiki/Antofagasta" title="Antofagasta">Antofagasta</a>), Playa Blanca (<a href="/wiki/Tongoy" title="Tongoy">Tongoy</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Pichilemu" title="Pichilemu">Pichilemu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Observatodo2015-133">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Uruguay">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Uruguay" title="Naturism in Uruguay">Naturism in Uruguay</a></div> There are two official nude beaches where the practice of naturism is allowed: Chihuahua,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewin2018Nöllmann2022-134">[131]</a> located in the resort <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua,_Uruguay" title="Chihuahua, Uruguay">of the same name</a>, and <a href="/wiki/La_Sirena_Beach" title="La Sirena Beach">La Sirena</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontevideo2012Cano2021-135">[132]</a> located in the resort of <a href="/wiki/Aguas_Dulces" title="Aguas Dulces">Aguas Dulces</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naturist_media">Naturist media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Naturist media">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magazines">Magazines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Magazines">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (July 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Magazines published by, for or purportedly about naturists can be grouped into the following: <ul><li>Magazines published by an "official" national organisation, such as BN (British Naturism), Going Natural/Au naturel (FCN/FQN), Nude & Natural Magazine (The Naturist Society), gonatural (New Zealand Naturist Federation).</li> <li>Independent magazines published for naturists, such as Naturally, <a href="/wiki/H%26E_naturist" title="H&E naturist">H&E naturist</a> and TAN (acronym of The Australian Naturist).</li> <li>Magazines that print photographs only or primarily of young female professional models. These types of publications are disapproved of by many naturists and non-naturists alike.</li></ul> Magazines in the second and, occasionally, third groups feature naturist editorial and advertising. While some naturists argue over which magazines belong in which of these categories, these views may change as publishers and editors change. Many clubs and groups have benefited from magazines which, while not exclusively or even predominantly naturist in character, made naturist information available to many who would not otherwise have been aware of it.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-13">[10]</a> The information and advertising provided online, along with the wide availability of free online pornography, has meant the disappearance of old-style "skin" magazines presenting significant glamour content masquerading as, or alongside, naturist content. Naturist magazines have to appeal strongly to naturists to succeed; they cannot sit on the fence between naturism and glamour. Some naturists feel that the worthwhile editorial content in some magazines is not a fair balance for the disapproved-of photographic content.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-13">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photography,_films_and_videos">Photography, films and videos</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Photography, films and videos">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nudist_tea_for_two.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Nudist_tea_for_two.jpg/220px-Nudist_tea_for_two.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Nudist_tea_for_two.jpg/330px-Nudist_tea_for_two.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Nudist_tea_for_two.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A publicity photo showing a North American naturist couple making tea</figcaption></figure> Although photographing others when they are nude in a public place may not violate their rights to privacy, individuals retain the <a href="/wiki/Personality_rights" title="Personality rights">personality rights</a> to their own image in many countries. If so, recognizable photographs of any person cannot be published without permission. Some naturist clubs have been willing to allow filming by the media on their grounds, though content that proved not to be of genuine naturism can end up being parodied by the media.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2006-136">[133]</a> Some commercial 'naturist' DVDs are dominated by imagery of naked children. Such material can be marketed in ways that appear to appeal directly to <a href="/wiki/Pedophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedophile">pedophile</a> inclinations, and ownership of these DVDs (and their earlier video cassette incarnations) has resulted in successful British prosecutions for possession of indecent images of children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndependent20074IE2007BBC2007-137">[134]</a> One case was appealed, unsuccessfully, to the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> Photo shoots, including major high-profile works by <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tunick" title="Spencer Tunick">Spencer Tunick</a>, are done in public places including beaches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2011-139">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Human.svg/22px-Human.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Human.svg/34px-Human.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Human.svg/45px-Human.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1320" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nudity" title="Portal:Nudity">Nudity portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_in_public" title="Breastfeeding in public">Breastfeeding in public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_social_nudity_is_practised" title="List of places where social nudity is practised">List of places where social nudity is practised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_organizations" title="List of social nudity organizations">List of social nudity organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_party" title="Naked party">Naked party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaking" title="Streaking">Streaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_non-sexual_social_nudity" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of non-sexual social nudity">Timeline of non-sexual social nudity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topfreedom" title="Topfreedom">Topfreedom</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> The Hannover based Bund für freies Lebensgestaltung wrote: "Naturism is a new lifestyle caring for the body, the soul and the spirit in society. We live the ideal of freedom, conscious of its limits, taking up our responsibility. The expression of our will is nudity, our admission of sincerity". </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> In his book, Cinema Au Naturel,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorey200313-6">[5]</a> author Mark Storey states "two related terms that we will continually run across are nudist and naturist. Although, the meanings of the two terms are virtually identical, they often have different connotations for those who prefer one to the other. In America people who believe that it is physically, socially, emotionally, and perhaps spiritually healthy to go about fully nude individually and in groups of mixed sex whenever weather permits and others are not offended generally refer to themselves as "nudists". In Europe, such people more often than not refer to themselves as "naturists". </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> The English version of the Agde definition was translated differently in Guide Mondial de Naturisme 96 97.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon1997[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-9">[7]</a> Naturism (American "nudism") is a way of life in harmony with nature characterised by the practice of communal nudity with the intention of encouraging self-respect, respect for others and the environment. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoin2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoin2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoin2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoin2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoin2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_1-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFChoin2002">Choin 2002</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeschênes20162-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeschênes20162_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDeschênes2016">Deschênes 2016</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest2018-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2018_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest2018_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWest2018">West 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmithKing2009-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmithKing2009_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmithKing2009">Smith & King 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorey200313-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorey200313_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStorey2003">Storey 2003</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontananaturist.org-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontananaturist.org_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontananaturist.org_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontananaturist.org_8-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMontananaturist.org">Montananaturist.org</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnon1997[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnon1997[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnon1997">Anon 1997</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESNS2018-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESNS2018_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSNS2018">SNS 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDescamps1987[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_12-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFDescamps1987">Descamps 1987</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_13-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFWoycke2003">Woycke 2003</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeraPlaya2006-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeraPlaya2006_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVeraPlaya2006">VeraPlaya 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider200941-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider200941_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchneider2009">Schneider 2009</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETerraCotta2011-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETerraCotta2011_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTerraCotta2011">TerraCotta 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstanze2019-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstanze2019_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConstanze2019">Constanze 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESNP2012-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESNP2012_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSNP2012">SNP 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuardian2017a-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuardian2017a_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuardian2017a">Guardian 2017a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEganz-muenchen.de-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEganz-muenchen.de_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFganz-muenchen.de">ganz-muenchen.de</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015a-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015a_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFActiveNaturists2015a">ActiveNaturists 2015a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2014-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2014_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFActiveNaturists2014">ActiveNaturists 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2012-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2012_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFActiveNaturists2012">ActiveNaturists 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMapes2019-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMapes2019_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMapes2019">Mapes 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBridge2014-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBridge2014_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBridge2014">Bridge 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJapanToday2012-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJapanToday2012_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJapanToday2012">JapanToday 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENambassa2011-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENambassa2011_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNambassa2011">Nambassa 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesBroadley1979[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesBroadley1979[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJonesBroadley1979">Jones & Broadley 1979</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenison2016Naked_Club2015-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJenison2016Naked_Club2015_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJenison2016">Jenison 2016</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNaked_Club2015">Naked Club 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFNdM-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFNdM_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFNdM_30-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFNdM">FNdM</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEleftheriou-Smith2016-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEleftheriou-Smith2016_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEleftheriou-Smith2016">Eleftheriou-Smith 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015b-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015b_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFActiveNaturists2015b">ActiveNaturists 2015b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEαNaturist2016-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEαNaturist2016_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFαNaturist2016">αNaturist 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLellan2007-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLellan2007_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcLellan2007">McLellan 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasler1964-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasler1964_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCasler1964">Casler 1964</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015c-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015c_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFActiveNaturists2015c">ActiveNaturists 2015c</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015d-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEActiveNaturists2015d_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFActiveNaturists2015d">ActiveNaturists 2015d</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlanchon1778[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlanchon1778[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlanchon1778">Planchon 1778</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]: "Le naturisme est la doctrine qui consiste à laisser agir la nature plutot que d'intervenir de manière artificielle". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkarni2010-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKulkarni2010_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKulkarni2010">Kulkarni 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrar2005a-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrar2005a_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFarrar2005a">Farrar 2005a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchy2005-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchy2005_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchy2005_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchy2005_41-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchy2005_41-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuchy2005">Buchy 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedy2013[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2013[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedy2013[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_42-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2013">Kennedy 2013</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2014-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2014_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2014">Evans 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaubérot2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaubérot2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaubérot2004">Baubérot 2004</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarcan2004-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarcan2004_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarcan2004">Barcan 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000_46-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000_46-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000_46-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000_46-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000_46-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2000_46-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2000">Anderson 2000</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENZHerald2008-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENZHerald2008_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENZHerald2008_47-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFNZHerald2008">NZHerald 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaskell_Smith2015-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaskell_Smith2015_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaskell_Smith2015">Haskell Smith 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlaister2007Briggs2013Connolly2019-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlaister2007Briggs2013Connolly2019_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlaister2007">Glaister 2007</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBriggs2013">Briggs 2013</a>; <a href="#CITEREFConnolly2019">Connolly 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERenou2017le_dauphiné2018-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERenou2017le_dauphiné2018_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRenou2017">Renou 2017</a>; <a href="#CITEREFle_dauphiné2018">le dauphiné 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance_242022-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance_242022_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrance_242022">France 24 2022</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarrisonPerry1993[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarrisonPerry1993[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarrisonPerry1993">Harrison & Perry 1993</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitman1883104-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitman1883104_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitman1883">Whitman 1883</a>, p. 104: "Somehow I seem'd to get identity with each and every thing around me, in its condition. Nature was naked, and I was also. It was too lazy, soothing, and joyous-equable to speculate about." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKillingsworth2004-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKillingsworth2004_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKillingsworth2004">Killingsworth 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeltheim1994-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeltheim1994_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVeltheim1994">Veltheim 1994</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2000-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson2000_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJohnson2000">Johnson 2000</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlumetti2019-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlumetti2019_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlumetti2019">Blumetti 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELichfield2010-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichfield2010_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLichfield2010">Lichfield 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECinder1998[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECinder1998[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCinder1998">Cinder 1998</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELessig2004-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELessig2004_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLessig2004">Lessig 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESconce2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESconce2007[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSconce2007">Sconce 2007</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolker2021-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolker2021_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolker2021_62-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKolker2021">Kolker 2021</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurphySpear2011[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidflAU0cgjLkkCpgPT238-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurphySpear2011[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2022]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2022)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidflAU0cgjLkkCpgPT238_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMurphySpear2011">Murphy & Spear 2011</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=flAU0cgjLkkC&pg=PT238">[1]</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESA-V-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESA-V_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSA-V">SA-V</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaturistNet2012-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaturistNet2012_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNaturistNet2012">NaturistNet 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters2011[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters2011[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPeeters2011">Peeters 2011</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFBN-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFBN_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFBN">FBN</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEuro-POI2011-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEuro-POI2011_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEuro-POI2011">Euro-POI 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2017-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2017_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThomas2017">Thomas 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuner1942[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;White1991[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;Woycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuner1942[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;White1991[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;Woycke2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_i">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuner1942">Duner 1942</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]; <a href="#CITEREFWhite1991">White 1991</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]; <a href="#CITEREFWoycke2003">Woycke 2003</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]; <a href="#CITEREFTerp2012">Terp 2012</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMapes2014">Mapes 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBoni2010" class="citation book cs1">Boni, Stefano (2010). "Zisly, Henri (1872–1945)". The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781405198073.wbierp1749">10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp1749</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9807-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-9807-3"><bdi>978-1-4051-9807-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zisly%2C+Henri+%281872%E2%80%931945%29&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Revolution+and+Protest&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781405198073.wbierp1749&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9807-3&rft.aulast=Boni&rft.aufirst=Stefano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToepfer1997[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToepfer1997[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToepfer1997[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_72-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFToepfer1997">Toepfer 1997</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHau2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHau2003[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHau2003">Hau 2003</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuardian2017b-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuardian2017b_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuardian2017b">Guardian 2017b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrien2007-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrien2007_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrien2007">Krien 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPostcards2017GTP2013-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPostcards2017GTP2013_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPostcards2017">Postcards 2017</a>; <a href="#CITEREFGTP2013">GTP 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreek_Islands_US-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreek_Islands_US_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreek_Islands_US">Greek Islands US</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZikakou2014-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZikakou2014_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZikakou2014">Zikakou 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERegula2019-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegula2019_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRegula2019">Regula 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEΤσεμπερλιδου2014TheToc2015-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEΤσεμπερλιδου2014TheToc2015_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFΤσεμπερλιδου2014">Τσεμπερλιδου 2014</a>; <a href="#CITEREFTheToc2015">TheToc 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoutsoumbu2015-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoutsoumbu2015_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKoutsoumbu2015">Koutsoumbu 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEANITA2019-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEANITA2019_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFANITA2019">ANITA 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorte_Costituzionale2022-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorte_Costituzionale2022_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCorte_Costituzionale2022">Corte Costituzionale 2022</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatti2015-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatti2015_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPatti2015">Patti 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFENAIT2019-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFENAIT2019_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFENAIT2019">FENAIT 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERibolzi2017-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERibolzi2017_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRibolzi2017">Ribolzi 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorte_Suprema_di_Cassazione2004-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorte_Suprema_di_Cassazione2004_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCorte_Suprema_di_Cassazione2004">Corte Suprema di Cassazione 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENFN-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENFN_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNFN">NFN</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENFN2017-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENFN2017_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNFN2017">NFN 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENLTourism2014-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENLTourism2014_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNLTourism2014">NLTourism 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFPN2017FPN2020-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFPN2017FPN2020_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFPN2017">FPN 2017</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFPN2020">FPN 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETimeOut2020-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimeOut2020_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTimeOut2020">TimeOut 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECiazelaRoszak2018-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECiazelaRoszak2018_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCiazelaRoszak2018">Ciazela & Roszak 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBOE1995-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBOE1995_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBOE1995">BOE 1995</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEuropaPress2011Digital2014-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEuropaPress2011Digital2014_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEuropaPress2011">EuropaPress 2011</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDigital2014">Digital 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEObrador-Pons2007-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEObrador-Pons2007_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFObrador-Pons2007">Obrador-Pons 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPARÍS2017-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPARÍS2017_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPARÍS2017">PARÍS 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndueza2016Publico2018-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndueza2016Publico2018_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAndueza2016">Andueza 2016</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPublico2018">Publico 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuérin1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin, Daniel</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-mZQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT110">Anarchism: From Theory to Practice</a>. NYU Press. pp. 110–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58367-492-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58367-492-5"><bdi>978-1-58367-492-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism%3A+From+Theory+to+Practice&rft.pages=110-&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-1-58367-492-5&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-mZQBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBNTimeLine2011Farrar2005b-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBNTimeLine2011Farrar2005b_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBNTimeLine2011">BNTimeLine 2011</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFarrar2005b">Farrar 2005b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBNTimeLine2011-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBNTimeLine2011_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBNTimeLine2011_101-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBNTimeLine2011_101-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBNTimeLine2011">BNTimeLine 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECockington200574–78-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECockington200574–78_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCockington2005">Cockington 2005</a>, pp. 74–78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteel1975-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteel1975_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSteel1975">Steel 1975</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook2013NZNF2018NatLibNZ2020-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook2013NZNF2018NatLibNZ2020_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2013">Cook 2013</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNZNF2018">NZNF 2018</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNatLibNZ2020">NatLibNZ 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConvergence2021-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConvergence2021_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConvergence2021">Convergence 2021</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETodd2019-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETodd2019_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTodd2019">Todd 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENZHerald2018-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENZHerald2018_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNZHerald2018">NZHerald 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENambassa2015-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENambassa2015_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNambassa2015">Nambassa 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoosselink2016-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoosselink2016_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoosselink2016">Goosselink 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStuff2009NZonScreen2005NZa2z2020-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStuff2009NZonScreen2005NZa2z2020_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStuff2009">Stuff 2009</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNZonScreen2005">NZonScreen 2005</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNZa2z2020">NZa2z 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndelane2020-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndelane2020_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAndelane2020">Andelane 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHudson2019Davison2023-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHudson2019Davison2023_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHudson2019">Hudson 2019</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDavison2023">Davison 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <cite>Ceramalus v Police</cite>, AP No 76/91 (High Court of New Zealand 5 July 1991). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeBeaches1995-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeBeaches1995_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFreeBeaches1995">FreeBeaches 1995</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <cite>Ceramalus v Police</cite>, AP No 131/95 (High Court of New Zealand 27 October 1995). </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaffer2005" class="citation book cs1">Shaffer, Kirwin R. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043620/http://raforum.info/spip.php?article3061">Anarchism and countercultural politics in early twentieth-century Cuba</a>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813027918" title="Special:BookSources/0813027918"><bdi>0813027918</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://raforum.info/spip.php?article3061">the original</a> on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+countercultural+politics+in+early+twentieth-century+Cuba&rft.place=Gainesville&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0813027918&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Kirwin+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fraforum.info%2Fspip.php%3Farticle3061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFNdM2016Ditzian2017Storey2010-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFNdM2016Ditzian2017Storey2010_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFNdM2016">FNdM 2016</a>; <a href="#CITEREFDitzian2017">Ditzian 2017</a>; <a href="#CITEREFStorey2010">Storey 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomZap2021-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomZap2021_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomZap2021">TomZap 2021</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarín2018-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarín2018_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarín2018">Clarín 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEImparcial2019-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEImparcial2019_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFImparcial2019">Imparcial 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllensberg1932-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllensberg1932_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEllensberg1932">Ellensberg 1932</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEM.2020FCN2013Lupin2012NEF1966-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEM.2020FCN2013Lupin2012NEF1966_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFM.2020">M. 2020</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFCN2013">FCN 2013</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLupin2012">Lupin 2012</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNEF1966">NEF 1966</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">The Bulletin. AANR. March 2010. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bulletin&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2010-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrüger1992343-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrüger1992343_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrüger1992">Krüger 1992</a>, p. 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreyman2013-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreyman2013_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFreyman2013">Freyman 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWreck_Beach2020-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWreck_Beach2020_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWreck_Beach2020">Wreck Beach 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFallon2015-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFallon2015_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFallon2015">Fallon 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENatCorn2017-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatCorn2017_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNatCorn2017">NatCorn 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2017-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC2017_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBBC2017">BBC 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaya_Escondida-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlaya_Escondida_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlaya_Escondida">Playa Escondida</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEApanna-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApanna_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFApanna">Apanna</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFBrN-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFBrN_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFBrN">FBrN</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Observatodo2015-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Observatodo2015_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEl_Observatodo2015">El Observatodo 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewin2018Nöllmann2022-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewin2018Nöllmann2022_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLewin2018">Lewin 2018</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNöllmann2022">Nöllmann 2022</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontevideo2012Cano2021-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontevideo2012Cano2021_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMontevideo2012">Montevideo 2012</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCano2021">Cano 2021</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2006-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2006_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEdwards2006">Edwards 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndependent20074IE2007BBC2007-137"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndependent20074IE2007BBC2007_137-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIndependent2007">Independent 2007</a>; <a href="#CITEREF4IE2007">4IE 2007</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBBC2007">BBC 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <cite>O'Carroll v the United Kingdom</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304195758/http://echr.ketse.com/doc/35557.03-en-20050315/view/"> ECHR CaseLaw</a> (European Court of Human Rights 2005-03-15) ("the Court unanimously Declares the application inadmissible."), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echr.ketse.com/doc/35557.03-en-20050315/view/">the original</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2011-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Brien2011_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Brien2011">O'Brien 2011</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon1997" class="citation book cs1">Anon (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bb_RPAAACAAJ">Guide Mondial de Naturisme 96 97</a>. Moorland Publishing Company, Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6716-833-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6716-833-5"><bdi>978-90-6716-833-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+Mondial+de+Naturisme+96+97&rft.pub=Moorland+Publishing+Company%2C+Limited&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-90-6716-833-5&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbb_RPAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaubérot2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baubérot, Arnaud (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/pur/22872">Histoire du naturisme: Le mythe du retour à la nature</a> (in French). Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes. pp. Chapter XII. Naturism, between regeneration and leisure p. 281–307. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fbooks.pur.22872">10.4000/books.pur.22872</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7535-0020-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7535-0020-4"><bdi>978-2-7535-0020-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+naturisme%3A+Le+mythe+du+retour+%C3%A0+la+nature&rft.place=Rennes&rft.pages=Chapter+XII.+Naturism%2C+between+regeneration+and+leisure+p.+281-307&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Rennes&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fbooks.pur.22872&rft.isbn=978-2-7535-0020-4&rft.aulast=Baub%C3%A9rot&rft.aufirst=Arnaud&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fpur%2F22872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoin2002" class="citation book cs1">Choin, Mireille (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u2n9nQEACAAJ">World Handbook Naturisme 2002 - 2003</a>. International Naturist Federation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5583-833-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5583-833-2"><bdi>978-90-5583-833-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Handbook+Naturisme+2002+-+2003&rft.pub=International+Naturist+Federation.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-90-5583-833-2&rft.aulast=Choin&rft.aufirst=Mireille&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du2n9nQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCinder1998" class="citation book cs1">Cinder, Cec (1998). The Nudist Idea. Riverside, California: The Ultraviolet Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9652085-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9652085-0-8"><bdi>0-9652085-0-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nudist+Idea&rft.place=Riverside%2C+California&rft.pub=The+Ultraviolet+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-9652085-0-8&rft.aulast=Cinder&rft.aufirst=Cec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockington2005" class="citation book cs1">Cockington, James (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Aa_ZAAAACAAJ">Banned: Tales from the Bizarre History of Australian Obscenity</a>. ABC Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7333-1502-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7333-1502-2"><bdi>978-0-7333-1502-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Banned%3A+Tales+from+the+Bizarre+History+of+Australian+Obscenity&rft.pub=ABC+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7333-1502-2&rft.aulast=Cockington&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAa_ZAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cook, Hera (5 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/naturism/print">"Story: Naturism"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Story%3A+Naturism&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2013-09-05&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Hera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fnaturism%2Fprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDescamps1987" class="citation book cs1">Descamps, Marc-Alain (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-MUoPQAACAAJ">Vivre nu: psychosociologie du naturisme</a>. Trismégiste. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-86509-026-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-86509-026-6"><bdi>978-2-86509-026-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vivre+nu%3A+psychosociologie+du+naturisme&rft.pub=Trism%C3%A9giste&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-2-86509-026-6&rft.aulast=Descamps&rft.aufirst=Marc-Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-MUoPQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuner1942" class="citation book cs1">Duner, Paul (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xgSgAAAAMAAJ">A Year and a Day</a>. L. Drummond. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Year+and+a+Day&rft.pub=L.+Drummond&rft.date=1942&rft.aulast=Duner&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxgSgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonPerry1993" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Charles; Perry, Gillian (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/primitivismcubis0000harr">Primitivism, Cubism, Abstraction: The Early Twentieth Century</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05516-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05516-0"><bdi>978-0-300-05516-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Primitivism%2C+Cubism%2C+Abstraction%3A+The+Early+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-300-05516-0&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Perry%2C+Gillian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprimitivismcubis0000harr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHau2003" class="citation book cs1">Hau, Michael (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rxUYf5MbSYgC">The Cult of Health and Beauty in Germany: A Social History, 1890-1930</a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31974-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31974-2"><bdi>978-0-226-31974-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cult+of+Health+and+Beauty+in+Germany%3A+A+Social+History%2C+1890-1930&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-226-31974-2&rft.aulast=Hau&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrxUYf5MbSYgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesBroadley1979" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Judith; Broadley, Colin (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yrk2mwEACAAJ">Nambassa: A New Direction</a>. A. H. & A. W. Reed. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-589-01216-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-589-01216-8"><bdi>978-0-589-01216-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nambassa%3A+A+New+Direction&rft.pub=A.+H.+%26+A.+W.+Reed&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-589-01216-8&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.au=Broadley%2C+Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYrk2mwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2013" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Hubert (13 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0a7aAAAAQBAJ">Homosexuality and Male Bonding in Pre-Nazi Germany: the youth movement, the gay movement, and male bonding before Hitler's rise</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-99203-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-99203-5"><bdi>978-1-317-99203-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homosexuality+and+Male+Bonding+in+Pre-Nazi+Germany%3A+the+youth+movement%2C+the+gay+movement%2C+and+male+bonding+before+Hitler%27s+rise&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft.isbn=978-1-317-99203-5&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0a7aAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrüger1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arnd_Kr%C3%BCger" title="Arnd Krüger">Krüger, Arnd</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cHdS3QcNMcoC&pg=PA4">"Zwischen Sex und Zuchtwahl. Nudismus und Naturismus in Deutschland und Amerika"</a>. In Norbert Finzsch; Hermann Wellenreuther (eds.). Liberalitas: Festschrift für <a href="/wiki/Erich_Angermann" title="Erich Angermann">Erich Angermann</a> zum 65. Geburtstag. Franz Steiner Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-515-05656-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-515-05656-4"><bdi>978-3-515-05656-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zwischen+Sex+und+Zuchtwahl.+Nudismus+und+Naturismus+in+Deutschland+und+Amerika&rft.btitle=Liberalitas%3A+Festschrift+f%C3%BCr+Erich+Angermann+zum+65.+Geburtstag&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-515-05656-4&rft.aulast=Kr%C3%BCger&rft.aufirst=Arnd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcHdS3QcNMcoC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphySpear2011" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Kevin P.; Spear, Jennifer M., eds. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=flAU0cgjLkkC">Historicising Gender and Sexuality</a>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444343939" title="Special:BookSources/9781444343939"><bdi>9781444343939</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historicising+Gender+and+Sexuality&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781444343939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DflAU0cgjLkkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeeters2011" class="citation book cs1">Peeters, Evert (2011). "Ch. 1: The Performance of Redemption: Asceticism and Liberation in Belgian Lebensreform". In Peeters, Evert; Van Molle, Leen; Wils, Kaat (eds.). Beyond Pleasure: Cultures of Modern Asceticism (1st ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 21–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-773-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-773-0"><bdi>978-1-84545-773-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qd2zc">j.ctt9qd2zc</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+1%3A+The+Performance+of+Redemption%3A+Asceticism+and+Liberation+in+Belgian+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Dutch-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22nl%22%3ELebensreform%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Dutch-language+text&rft.btitle=Beyond+Pleasure%3A+Cultures+of+Modern+Asceticism&rft.pages=21-41&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt9qd2zc%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-84545-773-0&rft.aulast=Peeters&rft.aufirst=Evert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlanchon1778" class="citation book cs1">Planchon, Jean Baptiste Luc (1778). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b30515646">La naturisme, ou La nature considérée dans les maladies & leur traitement conforme à la doctrine & à la pratique d'Hippocrate et de ses sectateurs</a>. Tournay: Varlé.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+naturisme%2C+ou+La+nature+consid%C3%A9r%C3%A9e+dans+les+maladies+%26+leur+traitement+conforme+%C3%A0+la+doctrine+%26+%C3%A0+la+pratique+d%27Hippocrate+et+de+ses+sectateurs&rft.place=Tournay&rft.pub=Varl%C3%A9&rft.date=1778&rft.aulast=Planchon&rft.aufirst=Jean+Baptiste+Luc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fb30515646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schneider, Andreas (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UNZYAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41">Kreta</a> (in German). DuMont Reiseverlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7701-7231-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7701-7231-3"><bdi>978-3-7701-7231-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kreta&rft.pub=DuMont+Reiseverlag&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-7701-7231-3&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUNZYAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSconce2007" class="citation book cs1">Sconce, Jeffrey (2007). Sleaze artists: cinema at the margins of taste, style, and politics. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3964-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3964-9"><bdi>978-0-8223-3964-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sleaze+artists%3A+cinema+at+the+margins+of+taste%2C+style%2C+and+politics&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3964-9&rft.aulast=Sconce&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorey2003" class="citation book cs1">Storey, Mark (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LOMNAAAACAAJ">Cinema Au Naturel: A History of Nudist Film</a>. Naturist Education Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9740844-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9740844-0-4"><bdi>978-0-9740844-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cinema+Au+Naturel%3A+A+History+of+Nudist+Film&rft.pub=Naturist+Education+Foundation&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-9740844-0-4&rft.aulast=Storey&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLOMNAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToepfer1997" class="citation book cs1">Toepfer, Karl Eric (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FgvYUZh75WwC">Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-91827-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-91827-6"><bdi>978-0-520-91827-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+of+Ecstasy%3A+Nudity+and+Movement+in+German+Body+Culture%2C+1910-1935&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-520-91827-6&rft.aulast=Toepfer&rft.aufirst=Karl+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFgvYUZh75WwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1991" class="citation book cs1">White, Linda (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/independentwoman0000whit/page/n11/mode/2up">"Ch. 9: Specialty Vacations: Meeting People Who Share Your Interests"</a> (Paperback). The independent woman's guide to Europe. Golden, Colo.: Fulcrum Pub. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781555910877" title="Special:BookSources/9781555910877"><bdi>9781555910877</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+9%3A+Specialty+Vacations%3A+Meeting+People+Who+Share+Your+Interests&rft.btitle=The+independent+woman%27s+guide+to+Europe&rft.place=Golden%2C+Colo.&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Fulcrum+Pub.&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9781555910877&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findependentwoman0000whit%2Fpage%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitman1883" class="citation book cs1">Whitman, Walt (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/specimendays00whitrich/page/102/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater">"A Sun-Bath-Nakedness"</a>. Specimen Days and Collect. Glasgow: Wilson & McCormick. pp. 103–104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Sun-Bath-Nakedness&rft.btitle=Specimen+Days+and+Collect.&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pages=103-104&rft.pub=Wilson+%26+McCormick&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Whitman&rft.aufirst=Walt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspecimendays00whitrich%2Fpage%2F102%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fref%3Dol%26view%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoycke2003" class="citation book cs1">Woycke, James Edward (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6iAPCjYBW6AC">Au Naturel: The History of Nudism in Canada</a> (Paperback). Federation of Canadian Naturists. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780968233238" title="Special:BookSources/9780968233238"><bdi>9780968233238</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Au+Naturel%3A+The+History+of+Nudism+in+Canada&rft.pub=Federation+of+Canadian+Naturists&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780968233238&rft.aulast=Woycke&rft.aufirst=James+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6iAPCjYBW6AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Journal articles">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarcan2001" class="citation journal cs1">Barcan, Ruth (2001). "'The Moral Bath of Bodily Unconsciousness': Female nudism, bodily exposure and the gaze". Continuum. 15 (3): 303–317. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10304310120086795">10.1080/10304310120086795</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1030-4312">1030-4312</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145127932">145127932</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Continuum&rft.atitle=%27The+Moral+Bath+of+Bodily+Unconsciousness%27%3A+Female+nudism%2C+bodily+exposure+and+the+gaze&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=303-317&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145127932%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1030-4312&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10304310120086795&rft.aulast=Barcan&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarcan2004" class="citation journal cs1">Barcan, Ruth (2004). ""Regaining what Mankind has Lost through Civilisation:" Early Nudism and Ambivalent Moderns". Fashion Theory. 8 (1): 63–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F136270404778051870">10.2752/136270404778051870</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1362-704X">1362-704X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194179019">194179019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fashion+Theory&rft.atitle=%22Regaining+what+Mankind+has+Lost+through+Civilisation%3A%22+Early+Nudism+and+Ambivalent+Moderns&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63-82&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194179019%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1362-704X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F136270404778051870&rft.aulast=Barcan&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellHolliday2000" class="citation journal cs1">Bell, D.; Holliday, R. (2000). "Naked as Nature Intended". Body & Society. 6 (3–4): 127–140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1357034X00006003007">10.1177/1357034X00006003007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1357-034X">1357-034X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144220703">144220703</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Body+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Naked+as+Nature+Intended&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=127-140&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144220703%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1357-034X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1357034X00006003007&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Holliday%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchy2005" class="citation thesis cs1">Buchy, Philip Edward (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etd.ohiolink.edu/ap/6?101387268215227:P0_SEARCH:NO:">A Nudist Resort</a> (MA thesis). Oxford, Ohio: Miami University, Department of Architecture. Retrieved 29 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+Nudist+Resort&rft.degree=MA&rft.inst=Miami+University%2C+Department+of+Architecture&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Buchy&rft.aufirst=Philip+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetd.ohiolink.edu%2Fap%2F6%3F101387268215227%3AP0_SEARCH%3ANO%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullough1997" class="citation journal cs1">Bullough, Vern L. (1997). "In memory of William Hartman". Journal of Sex Research. 34 (4): 427–428. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00224499709551910">10.1080/00224499709551910</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-4499">0022-4499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sex+Research&rft.atitle=In+memory+of+William+Hartman&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=427-428&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00224499709551910&rft.issn=0022-4499&rft.aulast=Bullough&rft.aufirst=Vern+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasler1964" class="citation journal cs1">Casler, Lawrence (1964). "Some Sociopsychological Observations in a Nudist Camp: A Preliminary Study". The Journal of Social Psychology. 64 (2): 307–323. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00224545.1964.9919569">10.1080/00224545.1964.9919569</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14239003">14239003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Social+Psychology&rft.atitle=Some+Sociopsychological+Observations+in+a+Nudist+Camp%3A+A+Preliminary+Study&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=307-323&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00224545.1964.9919569&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14239003&rft.aulast=Casler&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiazelaRoszak2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ciazela, Jakub; Roszak, Sandra (2018). "Lubiewo w Międzyzdrojach jako ośrodek ruchu naturystycznego" [Lubiewo in Międzyzdroje as a center of naturism]. Sekcja Turystyki I Rekreacji (in Polish): 97–111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sekcja+Turystyki+I+Rekreacji&rft.atitle=Lubiewo+w+Mi%C4%99dzyzdrojach+jako+o%C5%9Brodek+ruchu+naturystycznego&rft.pages=97-111&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Ciazela&rft.aufirst=Jakub&rft.au=Roszak%2C+Sandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329016643">"Naturists of the Lubiewo resort, Międzyzdroje, Poland – characteristics and motivations"</a>. Geoprzestrzeń. Bogucki. January 2018. pp. 97–111. Retrieved 2 March 2021 – via ResearchGate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Naturists+of+the+Lubiewo+resort%2C+Mi%C4%99dzyzdroje%2C+Poland+%E2%80%93+characteristics+and+motivations&rft.btitle=Geoprzestrze%C5%84&rft.pages=97-111&rft.pub=Bogucki&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F329016643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleminson2004" class="citation journal cs1">Cleminson, Richard (2004). "Making sense of the body: anarchism, nudism and subjective experience". Bulletin of Spanish Studies. 81 (6): 697–716. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1475382042000272256">10.1080/1475382042000272256</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1475-3820">1475-3820</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143076783">143076783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Spanish+Studies&rft.atitle=Making+sense+of+the+body%3A+anarchism%2C+nudism+and+subjective+experience&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=697-716&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143076783%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1475-3820&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1475382042000272256&rft.aulast=Cleminson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrosby2003" class="citation journal cs1">Crosby, Donald A. (2003). "Naturism as a Form of Religious Naturalism". Zygon. 38 (1): 117–120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9744.00484">10.1111/1467-9744.00484</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0591-2385">0591-2385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zygon&rft.atitle=Naturism+as+a+Form+of+Religious+Naturalism&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-120&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9744.00484&rft.issn=0591-2385&rft.aulast=Crosby&rft.aufirst=Donald+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaley2005" class="citation journal cs1">Daley, Caroline (2005). "From bush to beach: nudism in Australasia". Journal of Historical Geography. 31 (1): 149–167. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhg.2004.03.020">10.1016/j.jhg.2004.03.020</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7488">0305-7488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Historical+Geography&rft.atitle=From+bush+to+beach%3A+nudism+in+Australasia&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=149-167&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jhg.2004.03.020&rft.issn=0305-7488&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Vries2018" class="citation journal cs1">de Vries, Bouke (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11158-018-09406-z">"The Right to be Publicly Naked: A Defence of Nudism"</a>. Res Publica. 25 (3): 407–424. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11158-018-09406-z">10.1007/s11158-018-09406-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116%2F0000-0005-9EC4-C">21.11116/0000-0005-9EC4-C</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1356-4765">1356-4765</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149854925">149854925</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Res+Publica&rft.atitle=The+Right+to+be+Publicly+Naked%3A+A+Defence+of+Nudism&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=407-424&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F21.11116%2F0000-0005-9EC4-C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149854925%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1356-4765&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11158-018-09406-z&rft.aulast=de+Vries&rft.aufirst=Bouke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs11158-018-09406-z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowns1966" class="citation journal cs1">Downs, J. F. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1966.68.1.02a00600">"Social Nudism in America. Fred Ilfeld, Jr., Roger Lauer"</a>. American Anthropologist. 68 (1): 260–262. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1966.68.1.02a00600">10.1525/aa.1966.68.1.02a00600</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7294">0002-7294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&rft.atitle=Social+Nudism+in+America.+Fred+Ilfeld%2C+Jr.%2C+Roger+Lauer.&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=260-262&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Faa.1966.68.1.02a00600&rft.issn=0002-7294&rft.aulast=Downs&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Faa.1966.68.1.02a00600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughesMonterrubioMiller2010" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Howard; Monterrubio, Juan Carlos; Miller, Amanda (2010). "'Gay' tourists and host community attitudes". International Journal of Tourism Research. 12 (6): 774–786. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjtr.792">10.1002/jtr.792</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1099-2340">1099-2340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tourism+Research&rft.atitle=%27Gay%27+tourists+and+host+community+attitudes&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=774-786&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjtr.792&rft.issn=1099-2340&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.au=Monterrubio%2C+Juan+Carlos&rft.au=Miller%2C+Amanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerin2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kerin, Rani (2006). "'Natives Allowed to Remain Naked': An Unorthodox Approach to Medical Work at Ernabella Mission". Health and History. 8 (1): 80–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F40111530">10.2307/40111530</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1442-1771">1442-1771</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40111530">40111530</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:75775709">75775709</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+and+History&rft.atitle=%27Natives+Allowed+to+Remain+Naked%27%3A+An+Unorthodox+Approach+to+Medical+Work+at+Ernabella+Mission&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=80-99&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=1442-1771&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A75775709%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40111530%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F40111530&rft.aulast=Kerin&rft.aufirst=Rani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLempa2012" class="citation journal cs1">Lempa, Heikki (2012). "Turning to Nature in Germany: Hiking, Nudism, and Conservation, 1900–1940 (review)". Journal of the History of Sexuality. 21 (2): 350–352. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsex.2012.0032">10.1353/sex.2012.0032</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1535-3605">1535-3605</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142870375">142870375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Sexuality&rft.atitle=Turning+to+Nature+in+Germany%3A+Hiking%2C+Nudism%2C+and+Conservation%2C+1900%E2%80%931940+%28review%29&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=350-352&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142870375%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1535-3605&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsex.2012.0032&rft.aulast=Lempa&rft.aufirst=Heikki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakarova2013" class="citation journal cs1">Makarova, Veronika (2013). "Doukhobor 'freedom seeker' nudism: Exploring the sociocultural roots". Culture and Religion. 14 (2): 131–145. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14755610.2012.706228">10.1080/14755610.2012.706228</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1475-5610">1475-5610</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145269278">145269278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Culture+and+Religion&rft.atitle=Doukhobor+%27freedom+seeker%27+nudism%3A+Exploring+the+sociocultural+roots&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-145&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145269278%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1475-5610&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14755610.2012.706228&rft.aulast=Makarova&rft.aufirst=Veronika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1991" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, Richard (1991). "The Deceit of Dress: Utopian Visions and the Arguments against Clothing". Utopian Studies (4): 79–84. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20718951">20718951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Utopian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Deceit+of+Dress%3A+Utopian+Visions+and+the+Arguments+against+Clothing&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=79-84&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20718951%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLellan2007" class="citation journal cs1">McLellan, Josie (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086/517544">"State socialist bodies: East German nudism from ban to boom"</a>. The Journal of Modern History. 79 (1): 48–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F517544">10.1086/517544</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2801">0022-2801</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144281349">144281349</a> – via University of Chicago Press Journals.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=State+socialist+bodies%3A+East+German+nudism+from+ban+to+boom&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=48-79&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144281349%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-2801&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F517544&rft.aulast=McLellan&rft.aufirst=Josie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%2F517544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2009" class="citation journal cs1">Morris, N. J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1474474009105049">"Naked in nature: naturism, nature and the senses in early 20th century Britain"</a>. Cultural Geographies. 16 (3): 283–308. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009CuGeo..16..283M">2009CuGeo..16..283M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1474474009105049">10.1177/1474474009105049</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1474-4740">1474-4740</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145366617">145366617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Geographies&rft.atitle=Naked+in+nature%3A+naturism%2C+nature+and+the+senses+in+early+20th+century+Britain&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=283-308&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1474474009105049&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145366617%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1474-4740&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009CuGeo..16..283M&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=N.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F1474474009105049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObrador-Pons2007" class="citation journal cs1">Obrador-Pons, Pau (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649360701251866">"A Haptic Geography of the Beach: Naked Bodies, Vision and Touch"</a>. Social and Cultural Geography. 8 (1): 123–141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14649360701251866">10.1080/14649360701251866</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1464-9365">1464-9365</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219692942">219692942</a>. Retrieved 20 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+and+Cultural+Geography&rft.atitle=A+Haptic+Geography+of+the+Beach%3A+Naked+Bodies%2C+Vision+and+Touch&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=123-141&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219692942%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1464-9365&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14649360701251866&rft.aulast=Obrador-Pons&rft.aufirst=Pau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F14649360701251866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrank2012" class="citation journal cs1">Schrank, S. (2012). "Naked Houses: The Architecture of Nudism and the Rethinking of the American Suburbs". Journal of Urban History. 38 (4): 635–661. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0096144211434988">10.1177/0096144211434988</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0096-1442">0096-1442</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145688769">145688769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Urban+History&rft.atitle=Naked+Houses%3A+The+Architecture+of+Nudism+and+the+Rethinking+of+the+American+Suburbs&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=635-661&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145688769%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0096-1442&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0096144211434988&rft.aulast=Schrank&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaffer2008" class="citation journal cs1">Shaffer, M. S. (2008). "Marguerite S. Shaffer on the Environmental Nude". Environmental History. 13 (1): 126–139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fenvhis%2F13.1.126-a">10.1093/envhis/13.1.126-a</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1084-5453">1084-5453</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25473196">25473196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+History&rft.atitle=Marguerite+S.+Shaffer+on+the+Environmental+Nude&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=126-139&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=1084-5453&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25473196%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fenvhis%2F13.1.126-a&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithKing2009" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Glenn; King, Michael (2009). "Naturism and sexuality: Broadening our approach to sexual wellbeing". Health & Place. 15 (2): 439–446. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.healthplace.2008.08.002">10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.08.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1353-8292">1353-8292</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18926761">18926761</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+%26+Place&rft.atitle=Naturism+and+sexuality%3A+Broadening+our+approach+to+sexual+wellbeing&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=439-446&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1353-8292&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18926761&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.healthplace.2008.08.002&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=King%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1933" class="citation journal cs1">Warren, H. C. (1933). "Social nudism and the body taboo". Psychological Review. 40 (2): 160–183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fh0073466">10.1037/h0073466</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-295X">0033-295X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Review&rft.atitle=Social+nudism+and+the+body+taboo.&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=160-183&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fh0073466&rft.issn=0033-295X&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=H.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinberg1965" class="citation journal cs1">Weinberg, Martin S. (1965). "Sexual Modesty, Social Meanings, and the Nudist Camp". Social Problems. 12 (3): 311–318. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F798936">10.2307/798936</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7791">0037-7791</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/798936">798936</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Problems&rft.atitle=Sexual+Modesty%2C+Social+Meanings%2C+and+the+Nudist+Camp&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=311-318&rft.date=1965&rft.issn=0037-7791&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F798936%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F798936&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Martin+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinberg1966" class="citation journal cs1">Weinberg, Martin S. (1966). "Becoming a nudist". Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes. 21 (1): 15–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00332747.1966.11023450">10.1080/00332747.1966.11023450</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27820889">27820889</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+Interpersonal+Processes&rft.atitle=Becoming+a+nudist&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=15-24&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00332747.1966.11023450&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27820889&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Martin+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2018" class="citation journal cs1">West, Keon (1 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10902-017-9846-1">"Naked and Unashamed: Investigations and Applications of the Effects of Naturist Activities on Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction"</a>. Journal of Happiness Studies. 19 (3): 677–697. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10902-017-9846-1">10.1007/s10902-017-9846-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-7780">1573-7780</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9153791">9153791</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Happiness+Studies&rft.atitle=Naked+and+Unashamed%3A+Investigations+and+Applications+of+the+Effects+of+Naturist+Activities+on+Body+Image%2C+Self-Esteem%2C+and+Life+Satisfaction&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=677-697&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9153791%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1573-7780&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10902-017-9846-1&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Keon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs10902-017-9846-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodall2003" class="citation journal cs1">Woodall, Ellen E. (2003). "The American Nudist Movement: From Cooperative to Capital, the Song Remains the Same". The Journal of Popular Culture. 36 (2): 264–284. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1540-5931.00006">10.1111/1540-5931.00006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3840">0022-3840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Popular+Culture&rft.atitle=The+American+Nudist+Movement%3A+From+Cooperative+to+Capital%2C+the+Song+Remains+the+Same&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=264-284&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1540-5931.00006&rft.issn=0022-3840&rft.aulast=Woodall&rft.aufirst=Ellen+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspaper_articles">Newspaper articles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Newspaper articles">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndelane2020" class="citation news cs1">Andelane, Lana (15 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2020/01/g-string-tog-debate-divides-taup-as-local-mums-call-for-return-to-modest-bathers.html">"G-string tog debate divides Taupō as local mums call for return to modest bathers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newshub" title="Newshub">Newshub</a>. MediaWorks New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924164208/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2020/01/g-string-tog-debate-divides-taup-as-local-mums-call-for-return-to-modest-bathers.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newshub&rft.atitle=G-string+tog+debate+divides+Taup%C5%8D+as+local+mums+call+for+return+to+modest+bathers&rft.date=2020-01-15&rft.aulast=Andelane&rft.aufirst=Lana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fnew-zealand%2F2020%2F01%2Fg-string-tog-debate-divides-taup-as-local-mums-call-for-return-to-modest-bathers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumetti2019" class="citation news cs1">Blumetti, Jordan (25 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/nov/25/nudism-naturism-florida-pasco-county">"Purists v partiers: the battle between two popular nudist resorts"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Purists+v+partiers%3A+the+battle+between+two+popular+nudist+resorts&rft.date=2019-11-25&rft.aulast=Blumetti&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2019%2Fnov%2F25%2Fnudism-naturism-florida-pasco-county&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridge2014" class="citation news cs1">Bridge, Adrian (17 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/germany/articles/Germans-most-likely-to-go-nude/">"Germans Most Likely to Go Nude"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028222830/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/germany/articles/Germans-most-likely-to-go-nude/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Germans+Most+Likely+to+Go+Nude&rft.date=2014-07-17&rft.aulast=Bridge&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Fgermany%2Farticles%2FGermans-most-likely-to-go-nude%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly2019" class="citation news cs1">Connolly, Kate (8 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/aug/08/the-naked-truth-is-naturism-dying-out-in-germany">"The naked truth: is naturism dying out in Germany?"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127073428/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/aug/08/the-naked-truth-is-naturism-dying-out-in-germany">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+naked+truth%3A+is+naturism+dying+out+in+Germany%3F&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2019%2Faug%2F08%2Fthe-naked-truth-is-naturism-dying-out-in-germany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavison2023" class="citation news cs1">Davison, Richard (10 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/south-otago/complaints-about-naturist’s-nude-beach-walks">"Complaints about naturist's nude beach walks"</a>. Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 13 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times+Online+News&rft.atitle=Complaints+about+naturist%27s+nude+beach+walks&rft.date=2023-04-10&rft.aulast=Davison&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fregions%2Fsouth-otago%2Fcomplaints-about-naturist%E2%80%99s-nude-beach-walks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEleftheriou-Smith2016" class="citation news cs1">Eleftheriou-Smith, Loulla-Mae (30 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/naked-restaurant-paris-park-bunyadi-nude-cruise-nudist-resort-hotel-greece-pictures-a7346721.html">"Naked ambition: 5 ways to holiday in the nude"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108105828/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/naked-restaurant-paris-park-bunyadi-nude-cruise-nudist-resort-hotel-greece-pictures-a7346721.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Naked+ambition%3A+5+ways+to+holiday+in+the+nude&rft.date=2016-11-30&rft.aulast=Eleftheriou-Smith&rft.aufirst=Loulla-Mae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fnews-and-advice%2Fnaked-restaurant-paris-park-bunyadi-nude-cruise-nudist-resort-hotel-greece-pictures-a7346721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlaister2007" class="citation news cs1">Glaister, Dan (15 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/15/usa.danglaister">"Too old - US naturists face up to the naked truth"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929213212/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/15/usa.danglaister">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Too+old+-+US+naturists+face+up+to+the+naked+truth&rft.date=2007-05-15&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Glaister&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2007%2Fmay%2F15%2Fusa.danglaister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoosselink2016" class="citation news cs1">Goosselink, Dave (15 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2016/06/curtains-for-nude-rugby-in-dunedin.html">"Curtains for nude rugby in Dunedin?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newshub" title="Newshub">Newshub</a>. MediaWorks New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804080304/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2016/06/curtains-for-nude-rugby-in-dunedin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newshub&rft.atitle=Curtains+for+nude+rugby+in+Dunedin%3F&rft.date=2016-06-15&rft.aulast=Goosselink&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fnew-zealand%2F2016%2F06%2Fcurtains-for-nude-rugby-in-dunedin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson2019" class="citation news cs1">Hudson, Daisy (28 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/smaills-beach-naturist-says-people-get-wrong-idea">"Smaills Beach naturist says people get the wrong idea"</a>. Otago Daily Times Online News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812162058/https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/smaills-beach-naturist-says-people-get-wrong-idea">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times+Online+News&rft.atitle=Smaills+Beach+naturist+says+people+get+the+wrong+idea&rft.date=2019-11-28&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Daisy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fdunedin%2Fsmaills-beach-naturist-says-people-get-wrong-idea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2004" class="citation news cs1">Lessig, Hugh (11 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-xpm-20040811-2004-08-11-0408110118-story.html">"Virginia's Nudist Law Stands"</a>. Daily Press. Virginia. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&rft.atitle=Virginia%27s+Nudist+Law+Stands&rft.date=2004-08-11&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypress.com%2Fnews%2Fdp-xpm-20040811-2004-08-11-0408110118-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichfield2010" class="citation news cs1">Lichfield, John (23 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/nudists-fight-for-bare-essentials-as-swingers-invade-holiday-colony-2087042.html">"Nudists fight for bare essentials as swingers invade holiday colony"</a>. The Independent. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/nudists-fight-for-bare-essentials-as-swingers-invade-holiday-colony-2087042.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Nudists+fight+for+bare+essentials+as+swingers+invade+holiday+colony&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft.aulast=Lichfield&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fnudists-fight-for-bare-essentials-as-swingers-invade-holiday-colony-2087042.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteel1975" class="citation news cs1">Steel, Ian (14 February 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?c=743&mode=singleImage">"Govt. makes bathing in nude legal at Maslins"</a>. Advertiser. p. 1. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advertiser&rft.atitle=Govt.+makes+bathing+in+nude+legal+at+Maslins&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1975-02-14&rft.aulast=Steel&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.samemory.sa.gov.au%2Fsite%2Fpage.cfm%3Fc%3D743%26mode%3DsingleImage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_Observatodo2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elobservatodo.cl/noticia/sociedad/chile-calzon-quitado-donde-se-ubican-las-playas-nudistas-en-nuestro-pais">"Chile a calzón quitado: Dónde se ubican las playas nudistas en nuestro país"</a> [Chile with Panties removed: Where are the Nudist Beaches in our Country?]. El Observatodo (in Spanish). 10 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Observatodo&rft.atitle=Chile+a+calz%C3%B3n+quitado%3A+D%C3%B3nde+se+ubican+las+playas+nudistas+en+nuestro+pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2015-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elobservatodo.cl%2Fnoticia%2Fsociedad%2Fchile-calzon-quitado-donde-se-ubican-las-playas-nudistas-en-nuestro-pais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndependent2007" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/gay-reverend-fined-over-indecent-images-of-boys-26300917.html">"Gay reverend fined over 'indecent' images of boys"</a>. Irish Independent. 30 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815202837/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/gay-reverend-fined-over-indecent-images-of-boys-26300917.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Gay+reverend+fined+over+%27indecent%27+images+of+boys&rft.date=2007-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Firish-news%2Fgay-reverend-fined-over-indecent-images-of-boys-26300917.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNZHerald2018" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/id-do-it-again-topless-woman-at-rhythm-and-vines-speaks-out-in-heartfelt-message/5VVHTUA7SRORHL2AEYXAUNS3XA/">"'I'd do it again': Topless woman at Rhythm and Vines speaks out in heartfelt message"</a>. NZ Herald. 2 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128140858/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/id-do-it-again-topless-woman-at-rhythm-and-vines-speaks-out-in-heartfelt-message/5VVHTUA7SRORHL2AEYXAUNS3XA/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NZ+Herald&rft.atitle=%27I%27d+do+it+again%27%3A+Topless+woman+at+Rhythm+and+Vines+speaks+out+in+heartfelt+message&rft.date=2018-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fid-do-it-again-topless-woman-at-rhythm-and-vines-speaks-out-in-heartfelt-message%2F5VVHTUA7SRORHL2AEYXAUNS3XA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSNS2018" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/24/nyregion/lobbying-for-nudists-rights.html">"Lobbying for Nudists' Rights"</a>. New York Times. <a href="/wiki/States_News_Service" title="States News Service">States News Service</a>. 24 December 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102045514/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/24/nyregion/lobbying-for-nudists-rights.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2021. <q>We even have a word for everybody else, everyone who is not a nudist. They're 'textiles,' as in, 'There are textile beaches and nude beaches.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lobbying+for+Nudists%27+Rights&rft.date=1989-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F12%2F24%2Fnyregion%2Flobbying-for-nudists-rights.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllensberg1932" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=w9MrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=i4QFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2812%2C2964325">"Nudism moves into New Jersey skeeter district"</a>. Ellensberg Daily Record. 2 August 1932. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ellensberg+Daily+Record&rft.atitle=Nudism+moves+into+New+Jersey+skeeter+district&rft.date=1932-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Dw9MrAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Di4QFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2812%252C2964325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuardian2017a" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/31/revealed-paris-opens-first-nudist-park-no-voyeurs-allowed">"Revealed: Paris opens first nudist park but no voyeurs allowed"</a>. The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 31 August 2017a. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111214008/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/31/revealed-paris-opens-first-nudist-park-no-voyeurs-allowed">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+Paris+opens+first+nudist+park+but+no+voyeurs+allowed&rft.date=2017-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Faug%2F31%2Frevealed-paris-opens-first-nudist-park-no-voyeurs-allowed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuardian2017b" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/commentisfree/2017/aug/11/the-guardian-view-on-nudity-grin-and-bare-it?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Gmail">"The Guardian view on nudity: grin and bare it"</a>. The Guardian. 11 August 2017b. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111212930/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/commentisfree/2017/aug/11/the-guardian-view-on-nudity-grin-and-bare-it">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Guardian+view+on+nudity%3A+grin+and+bare+it&rft.date=2017-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2Fcommentisfree%2F2017%2Faug%2F11%2Fthe-guardian-view-on-nudity-grin-and-bare-it%3FCMP%3DShare_AndroidApp_Gmail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNZHerald2008" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/third-of-kiwis-okay-with-beach-nudity/OKKUXWL6V6GYIMGGFHPQGMK4CA/">"Third of Kiwis OK with beach nudity"</a>. New Zealand Herald. 1 November 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224040046/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/third-of-kiwis-okay-with-beach-nudity/OKKUXWL6V6GYIMGGFHPQGMK4CA/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Third+of+Kiwis+OK+with+beach+nudity&rft.date=2008-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fthird-of-kiwis-okay-with-beach-nudity%2FOKKUXWL6V6GYIMGGFHPQGMK4CA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuff2009" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/636308/Turning-the-other-cheek-all-for-fun">"Turning the other cheek, all for fun"</a>. Stuff. Stuff Limited. 31 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804060134/http://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/636308/Turning-the-other-cheek-all-for-fun">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Turning+the+other+cheek%2C+all+for+fun&rft.date=2009-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Ftimaru-herald%2F636308%2FTurning-the-other-cheek-all-for-fun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Websites">Websites</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Websites">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFαNaturist2016" class="citation web cs1">αNaturist (27 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://activenaturists.net/2016/11/27/camp-gymnasium-at-burning-man-2016/">"camp Gymnasium at Burning Man 2016"</a>. Active Naturists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205222300/https://activenaturists.net/2016/11/27/camp-gymnasium-at-burning-man-2016/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Active+Naturists&rft.atitle=camp+Gymnasium+at+Burning+Man+2016&rft.date=2016-11-27&rft.au=%CE%B1Naturist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factivenaturists.net%2F2016%2F11%2F27%2Fcamp-gymnasium-at-burning-man-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2000" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Howard (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219220940/http://anderh.com/fkk/book/stats.htm">"Why be a naturist: Statistics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anderh.com/fkk/book/stats.htm">the original</a> on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+be+a+naturist%3A+Statistics&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanderh.com%2Ffkk%2Fbook%2Fstats.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndueza2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Andueza, Asier (24 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/nervion/201603/24/galdakao-modifica-normativa-para-20160324000202.html">"Galdakao modifica la normativa para legalizar el 'topless' en sus piscinas"</a> [Galdakao modifies the regulations to legalize 'topless' in its pools]. EL CORREO (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224173345/https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/nervion/201603/24/galdakao-modifica-normativa-para-20160324000202.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021. <q>El Gobierno local retirará la prohibición expresa de esta práctica de la ordenanza que regula el uso de las instalaciones descubiertas</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EL+CORREO&rft.atitle=Galdakao+modifica+la+normativa+para+legalizar+el+%27topless%27+en+sus+piscinas&rft.date=2016-03-24&rft.aulast=Andueza&rft.aufirst=Asier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcorreo.com%2Fbizkaia%2Fnervion%2F201603%2F24%2Fgaldakao-modifica-normativa-para-20160324000202.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs2013" class="citation web cs1">Briggs, Bill (5 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2013/08/05/naked-truth-aging-nudists-seek-new-skin-in-the-game.html">"Naked truth: Aging nudists seek new skin in the game"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224041638/https://www.cnbc.com/2013/08/05/naked-truth-aging-nudists-seek-new-skin-in-the-game.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Naked+truth%3A+Aging+nudists+seek+new+skin+in+the+game&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2013%2F08%2F05%2Fnaked-truth-aging-nudists-seek-new-skin-in-the-game.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCano2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cano, Eshter (18 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdzol.com/estilo/2021/11/18/asi-es-la-nueva-playa-de-uruguay-en-donde-se-puede-practicar-la-desnudez-total-202141.html">"Así es la nueva playa de Uruguay en donde se puede practicar la desnudez total"</a>. MDZ Online (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MDZ+Online&rft.atitle=As%C3%AD+es+la+nueva+playa+de+Uruguay+en+donde+se+puede+practicar+la+desnudez+total&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Cano&rft.aufirst=Eshter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdzol.com%2Festilo%2F2021%2F11%2F18%2Fasi-es-la-nueva-playa-de-uruguay-en-donde-se-puede-practicar-la-desnudez-total-202141.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstanze2019" class="citation web cs1">Constanze (9 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.transparent.com/german/germanys-free-body-culture/">"Germany's 'Free Body Culture'"</a>. German Language Blog. Retrieved 4 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+Language+Blog&rft.atitle=Germany%27s+%27Free+Body+Culture%27&rft.date=2019-10-09&rft.au=Constanze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.transparent.com%2Fgerman%2Fgermanys-free-body-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorte_Suprema_di_Cassazione2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Corte Suprema di Cassazione (26 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040226235356/http://www.giustizia.it:80/cassazione/giurisprudenza/cass/3557sen_00.html">"ATTI CONTRARI ALLA PUBBLICA DECENZA - ESPOSIZIONE DEL CORPO NUDO SULLA PUBBLICA SPIAGGIA - COSTITUISCE VIOLAZIONE ALL'ART. 726 C.P."</a> [ACTS CONTRARY TO PUBLIC DECENT - EXPOSURE OF THE NAKED BODY ON THE PUBLIC BEACH - CONSTITUTES VIOLATION OF ART. 726 C.P.]. www.giustizia.it (in Italian). Ministero della Giustizia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giustizia.it/cassazione/giurisprudenza/cass/3557sen_00.html">the original</a> on 26 February 2004. Retrieved 1 March 2021. <q>[...] diversamente da quella del seno nudo femminile, che ormai da vari lustri è comportamento comunemente accettato ed entrato nel costume sociale [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.giustizia.it&rft.atitle=ATTI+CONTRARI+ALLA+PUBBLICA+DECENZA+-+ESPOSIZIONE+DEL+CORPO+NUDO+SULLA+PUBBLICA+SPIAGGIA+-+COSTITUISCE+VIOLAZIONE+ALL%27ART.+726+C.P.&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.au=Corte+Suprema+di+Cassazione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.giustizia.it%2Fcassazione%2Fgiurisprudenza%2Fcass%2F3557sen_00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeschênes2016" class="citation web cs1">Deschênes, Stéphane (4 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://downloads.inf-fni.org/download/51/english/133/definition-of-naturism-1974.pdf">"The Official INF-FNI Definition of Naturism"</a> (PDF). INF-FNI. International Naturist Federation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209233100/https://downloads.inf-fni.org/download/51/english/133/definition-of-naturism-1974.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=INF-FNI&rft.atitle=The+Official+INF-FNI+Definition+of+Naturism&rft.date=2016-01-04&rft.aulast=Desch%C3%AAnes&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownloads.inf-fni.org%2Fdownload%2F51%2Fenglish%2F133%2Fdefinition-of-naturism-1974.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDitzian2017" class="citation web cs1">Ditzian, Danielle (30 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/article.cfm?c_id=7&objectid=11848026">"What it was like to stay at the Nude Hotel in Zipolite, Mexico"</a>. NZ Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226232701/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/what-it-was-like-to-stay-at-the-nude-hotel-in-zipolite-mexico/2MT3H5ZT3FZMQ2RURTR54QOJRE/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021. <q>Zipolite is a small, little-known town on the Pacific coast of Mexico. It not only boasts being the only legal nude beach in Mexico, but is often likened to a town stuck in the 1960s. With the entire beach being clothing optional, it is unlike anywhere else I have ever had the pleasure of visiting.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZ+Herald&rft.atitle=What+it+was+like+to+stay+at+the+Nude+Hotel+in+Zipolite%2C+Mexico&rft.date=2017-04-30&rft.aulast=Ditzian&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Ftravel%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D7%26objectid%3D11848026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2006" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Adam (10 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423141331/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3652246/Stark-naked-ambition.html">"Stark naked ambition"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/05/10/ftnude10.xml&sSheet=/arts/2006/05/10/ixartright.html">the original</a> on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Stark+naked+ambition&rft.date=2006-05-10&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Farts%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Farts%2F2006%2F05%2F10%2Fftnude10.xml%26sSheet%3D%2Farts%2F2006%2F05%2F10%2Fixartright.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2014" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Stephen (13 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26935867">"10 inventions that owe their success to World War One"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212000455/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26935867">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=10+inventions+that+owe+their+success+to+World+War+One&rft.date=2014-04-13&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-26935867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFallon2015" class="citation web cs1">Fallon, Claire (25 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/25/nudism-problems_n_7647806.html">"Take It Off! The Fine Art Of Getting Naked In A Clothed World"</a>. Huffington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915080045/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/25/nudism-problems_n_7647806.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Take+It+Off%21+The+Fine+Art+Of+Getting+Naked+In+A+Clothed+World&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft.aulast=Fallon&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2015%2F06%2F25%2Fnudism-problems_n_7647806.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrar2005a" class="citation web cs1">Farrar, Michael (9 November 2005a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028021435/http://www.british-naturism.org.uk/pages/pages.asp?page_ID=44">"The Fellowship of the Naked Trust"</a>. British Naturism. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0264-0406">0264-0406</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-naturism.org.uk/pages/pages.asp?page_ID=44">the original</a> on 28 October 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Naturism&rft.atitle=The+Fellowship+of+the+Naked+Trust&rft.date=2005-11-09&rft.issn=0264-0406&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-naturism.org.uk%2Fpages%2Fpages.asp%3Fpage_ID%3D44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrar2005b" class="citation web cs1">Farrar, Michael (9 November 2005b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111103060251/http://www.british-naturism.org.uk/pages/pages.asp?page_ID=42">"The Moonella Group"</a>. British Naturism. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-naturism.org.uk/pages/pages.asp?page_ID=42">the original</a> on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Naturism&rft.atitle=The+Moonella+Group&rft.date=2005-11-09&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-naturism.org.uk%2Fpages%2Fpages.asp%3Fpage_ID%3D42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFPN2017" class="citation web cs1">FPN (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203081647/http://www.fpn.pt/sobre_nos/quem_somos_en.php">"Who We Are"</a>. Portuguese Naturist Federation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fpn.pt/sobre_nos/quem_somos_en.php">the original</a> on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Naturist+Federation&rft.atitle=Who+We+Are&rft.date=2017&rft.au=FPN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fpn.pt%2Fsobre_nos%2Fquem_somos_en.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFPN2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">FPN (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fpn.pt/institucional.html">"Institucional – Toda a informação que quer saber sobre a Federação Portuguesa de Naturismo está aqui"</a> [Institutional – All the information you want to know about the Portuguese Naturism Federation is here]. Federação Portuguesa de Naturismo (in Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804192251/http://www.fpn.pt/institucional.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Portuguesa+de+Naturismo&rft.atitle=Institucional+%E2%80%93+Toda+a+informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+que+quer+saber+sobre+a+Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Portuguesa+de+Naturismo+est%C3%A1+aqui&rft.date=2020&rft.au=FPN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fpn.pt%2Finstitucional.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreyman2013" class="citation web cs1">Freyman, Falyn (11 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116114558/https://www.browardpalmbeach.com/music/top-10-reasons-to-get-totally-nude-at-the-florida-young-naturists-naked-spring-bash-nsfw-6424673">"Top 10 Reasons to Get Totally Nude at the Florida Young Naturists' Naked Spring Bash"</a>. New Times Broward-Palm Beach. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/music/top-10-reasons-to-get-totally-nude-at-the-florida-young-naturists-naked-spring-bash-nsfw-6424673">the original</a> on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Times+Broward-Palm+Beach&rft.atitle=Top+10+Reasons+to+Get+Totally+Nude+at+the+Florida+Young+Naturists%27+Naked+Spring+Bash&rft.date=2013-04-11&rft.aulast=Freyman&rft.aufirst=Falyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.browardpalmbeach.com%2Fmusic%2Ftop-10-reasons-to-get-totally-nude-at-the-florida-young-naturists-naked-spring-bash-nsfw-6424673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaskell_Smith2015" class="citation web cs1">Haskell Smith, Mark (6 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/weekend-australian-magazine/nudist-clubs-why-is-membership-sagging/news-story/010b36af3a1c8a6ee1b159903bc63765">"Nudist clubs: why is membership sagging?"</a>. The Australian. Retrieved 10 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Nudist+clubs%3A+why+is+membership+sagging%3F&rft.date=2015-06-06&rft.aulast=Haskell+Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fweekend-australian-magazine%2Fnudist-clubs-why-is-membership-sagging%2Fnews-story%2F010b36af3a1c8a6ee1b159903bc63765&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenison2016" class="citation web cs1">Jenison, David (9 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224025003/https://www.pastemagazine.com/travel/degeneration-x-buck-naked-jazz-on-a-black-sea-beac/">"deGeneration X: Buck Naked Jazz on a Black Sea Beach"</a>. Paste Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pastemagazine.com/travel/degeneration-x-buck-naked-jazz-on-a-black-sea-beac/">the original</a> on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paste+Magazine&rft.atitle=deGeneration+X%3A+Buck+Naked+Jazz+on+a+Black+Sea+Beach&rft.date=2016-03-09&rft.aulast=Jenison&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastemagazine.com%2Ftravel%2Fdegeneration-x-buck-naked-jazz-on-a-black-sea-beac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2000" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Ian (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090525060304/http://figleafforum.com:80/resources_genesis.html">"What Do The First Three Chapters Of Genesis Teach About Clothing?"</a>. Fig Leaf Forum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.figleafforum.com/resources_genesis.html">the original</a> on 25 May 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fig+Leaf+Forum&rft.atitle=What+Do+The+First+Three+Chapters+Of+Genesis+Teach+About+Clothing%3F&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.figleafforum.com%2Fresources_genesis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKillingsworth2004" class="citation web cs1">Killingsworth, M. Jimmie (2004). Matt Cohen; Ed Folsom; Kenneth M. Price (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitmanarchive.org/criticism/current/anc.00162.html">"Walt Whitman and the Earth: A Study in Ecopoetics"</a>. The Walt Whitman Archive. Retrieved 27 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Walt+Whitman+Archive&rft.atitle=Walt+Whitman+and+the+Earth%3A+A+Study+in+Ecopoetics&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Killingsworth&rft.aufirst=M.+Jimmie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhitmanarchive.org%2Fcriticism%2Fcurrent%2Fanc.00162.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolker2021" class="citation web cs1">Kolker, Robert (22 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewalrus.ca/how-police-cracked-canadas-largest-child-pornography-ring/">"How police cracked Canada's largest child pornography ring"</a>. The Walrus. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Walrus&rft.atitle=How+police+cracked+Canada%27s+largest+child+pornography+ring&rft.date=2021-08-22&rft.aulast=Kolker&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewalrus.ca%2Fhow-police-cracked-canadas-largest-child-pornography-ring%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoutsoumbu2015" class="citation web cs1">Koutsoumbu, Anthi (7 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news247.gr/koinonia/nomimes-oi-gymnes-voltes-sti-thessaloniki-dikaiosi-gia-dyo-aktivistes.6325841.html">"Νόμιμες οι γυμνές βόλτες στη Θεσσαλονίκη. Δικαίωση για δύο ακτιβιστές"</a> [Naked walks are legal in Thessaloniki. Vindication for two activists]. News24/7. Retrieved 14 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News24%2F7&rft.atitle=%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%BF%CE%B9+%CE%B3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%82+%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7+%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7.+%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7+%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BF+%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%82&rft.date=2015-02-07&rft.aulast=Koutsoumbu&rft.aufirst=Anthi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news247.gr%2Fkoinonia%2Fnomimes-oi-gymnes-voltes-sti-thessaloniki-dikaiosi-gia-dyo-aktivistes.6325841.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrien2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Krien, Daniela (26 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328233409/http://www.amadelio.de/vlog/2007/06/26/vlog-videoblog-bodo-niemann-gerhard-riebicke-und-die-freikoerperkultur/">"Vlog, Videoblog: Bodo Niemann, Gerhard Riebicke und die Freikörperkultur"</a> [Vlog, video blog: Bodo Niemann, Gerhard Riebicke and nudism]. Amadelio (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amadelio.de/vlog/2007/06/26/vlog-videoblog-bodo-niemann-gerhard-riebicke-und-die-freikoerperkultur/">the original</a> on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amadelio&rft.atitle=Vlog%2C+Videoblog%3A+Bodo+Niemann%2C+Gerhard+Riebicke+und+die+Freik%C3%B6rperkultur&rft.date=2007-06-26&rft.aulast=Krien&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amadelio.de%2Fvlog%2F2007%2F06%2F26%2Fvlog-videoblog-bodo-niemann-gerhard-riebicke-und-die-freikoerperkultur%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulkarni2010" class="citation web cs1">Kulkarni, Vishwas (25 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story/Worlds-first-nudist-colony-was-in-Thane-and-this-man-proved-it/articleshow/16011435.cms">"World's first nudist colony was in Thane (and this man proved it)"</a>. Mumbai Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224032219/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story/Worlds-first-nudist-colony-was-in-Thane-and-this-man-proved-it/articleshow/16011435.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mumbai+Mirror&rft.atitle=World%27s+first+nudist+colony+was+in+Thane+%28and+this+man+proved+it%29&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.aulast=Kulkarni&rft.aufirst=Vishwas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmumbaimirror.indiatimes.com%2Fmumbai%2Fcover-story%2FWorlds-first-nudist-colony-was-in-Thane-and-this-man-proved-it%2Farticleshow%2F16011435.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewin2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lewin, Miriam (20 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tn.com.ar/sociedad/chihuahua-uruguay-un-dia-en-el-paraiso-nudista_852293/">"Chihuahua, Uruguay: un día en el paraíso nudista"</a>. Todo Noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Todo+Noticias&rft.atitle=Chihuahua%2C+Uruguay%3A+un+d%C3%ADa+en+el+para%C3%ADso+nudista&rft.date=2018-02-20&rft.aulast=Lewin&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftn.com.ar%2Fsociedad%2Fchihuahua-uruguay-un-dia-en-el-paraiso-nudista_852293%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM.2020" class="citation web cs1">M., Cory (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200419190257/http://www.clothesfree.com/history.html">"The History of Social Nudism"</a>. Clothesfree.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clothesfree.com/history.html">the original</a> on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clothesfree.com&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Social+Nudism&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=M.&rft.aufirst=Cory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clothesfree.com%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMapes2014" class="citation web cs1">Mapes, Terri (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140711192743/http://goscandinavia.about.com/od/finland/qt/nudism_finland.htm">"Nudism in Finland"</a>. About.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goscandinavia.about.com/od/finland/qt/nudism_finland.htm">the original</a> on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About.com&rft.atitle=Nudism+in+Finland&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Mapes&rft.aufirst=Terri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoscandinavia.about.com%2Fod%2Ffinland%2Fqt%2Fnudism_finland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMapes2019" class="citation web cs1">Mapes, Terri (3 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripsavvy.com/information-on-nudism-in-scandinavia-1626835">"Nudism in Scandinavia"</a>. TripSavvy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304054311/https://www.tripsavvy.com/information-on-nudism-in-scandinavia-1626835">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TripSavvy&rft.atitle=Nudism+in+Scandinavia&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft.aulast=Mapes&rft.aufirst=Terri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripsavvy.com%2Finformation-on-nudism-in-scandinavia-1626835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaked_Club2015" class="citation web cs1">Naked Club (23 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/140190277">"Nudist Neptune Festival 2014 in Crimea"</a>. Vimeo. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vimeo&rft.atitle=Nudist+Neptune+Festival+2014+in+Crimea&rft.date=2015-09-23&rft.au=Naked+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F140190277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNöllmann2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nöllmann, María (3 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sabado/pensaban-que-haciamos-una-orgia-gigante-chihuahua-la-playa-nudista-de-punta-del-este-que-no-pasa-de-nid03012022/">"Chihuahua cumple 60 años: cómo es la playa nudista de Punta del Este que no pasa de moda"</a>. La Nación (Argentina) (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Naci%C3%B3n+%28Argentina%29&rft.atitle=Chihuahua+cumple+60+a%C3%B1os%3A+c%C3%B3mo+es+la+playa+nudista+de+Punta+del+Este+que+no+pasa+de+moda&rft.date=2022-01-03&rft.aulast=N%C3%B6llmann&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanacion.com.ar%2Fsabado%2Fpensaban-que-haciamos-una-orgia-gigante-chihuahua-la-playa-nudista-de-punta-del-este-que-no-pasa-de-nid03012022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2011" class="citation web cs1">O'Brien, Kathleen (3 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/07/visitors_of_nj_nude_beach_face.html">"Visitors of N.J. nude beach face the increasing threat of lurking photographers"</a>. The Star Ledger. Retrieved 30 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star+Ledger&rft.atitle=Visitors+of+N.J.+nude+beach+face+the+increasing+threat+of+lurking+photographers&rft.date=2011-07-03&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2011%2F07%2Fvisitors_of_nj_nude_beach_face.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPARÍS2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">PARÍS, EFE (11 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20170811/43474195994/espanolas-topless.html">"Las españolas son las que más topless y nudismo hacen"</a> [Spanish women are the ones who do the most topless and nudism]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225204541/https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20170811/43474195994/espanolas-topless.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=Las+espa%C3%B1olas+son+las+que+m%C3%A1s+topless+y+nudismo+hacen&rft.date=2017-08-11&rft.aulast=PAR%C3%8DS&rft.aufirst=EFE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Fvida%2F20170811%2F43474195994%2Fespanolas-topless.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatti2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Patti, Fabrizio (10 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkiesta.it/2015/07/nudismo-luovo-di-colombo-del-turismo-italiano/">"Nudismo, l'uovo di Colombo del turismo italiano"</a>. Linkiesta (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027052310/https://www.linkiesta.it/2015/07/nudismo-luovo-di-colombo-del-turismo-italiano/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linkiesta&rft.atitle=Nudismo%2C+l%27uovo+di+Colombo+del+turismo+italiano&rft.date=2015-07-10&rft.aulast=Patti&rft.aufirst=Fabrizio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkiesta.it%2F2015%2F07%2Fnudismo-luovo-di-colombo-del-turismo-italiano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegula2019" class="citation web cs1">Regula, deTraci (26 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205182915/https://www.tripsavvy.com/greek-islands-with-nude-beaches-1524446">"Nude Beaches on the Greek Islands, from A to Z"</a>. TripSavvy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripsavvy.com/greek-islands-with-nude-beaches-1524446">the original</a> on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TripSavvy&rft.atitle=Nude+Beaches+on+the+Greek+Islands%2C+from+A+to+Z&rft.date=2019-06-26&rft.aulast=Regula&rft.aufirst=deTraci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripsavvy.com%2Fgreek-islands-with-nude-beaches-1524446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenou2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Renou, Aymeric (6 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leparisien.fr/societe/les-naturistes-ont-le-vent-en-poupe-plus-jeunes-et-plus-nombreux-06-08-2017-7177860.php">"Plus jeunes et plus nombreux, les naturistes ont le vent en poupe"</a> [Younger and more numerous, naturists have the wind behind them]. le Parisien (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809111232/https://www.leparisien.fr/societe/les-naturistes-ont-le-vent-en-poupe-plus-jeunes-et-plus-nombreux-06-08-2017-7177860.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Plus+jeunes+et+plus+nombreux%2C+les+naturistes+ont+le+vent+en+poupe&rft.date=2017-08-06&rft.aulast=Renou&rft.aufirst=Aymeric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fsociete%2Fles-naturistes-ont-le-vent-en-poupe-plus-jeunes-et-plus-nombreux-06-08-2017-7177860.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRibolzi2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ribolzi, Gianfranco (July–December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jfc.it/documenti/dicono_di_noi/InfoNaturistica_luglio-dicembre_2017_n75-76.pdf">"In vacanza come mamma m'ha fatto - naturisti e nudisti"</a> [On vacation like my mom made me - naturists and nudists] (PDF). InfoNaturistica (in Italian). pp. 4–7. Retrieved 28 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfoNaturistica&rft.atitle=In+vacanza+come+mamma+m%27ha+fatto+-+naturisti+e+nudisti&rft.pages=4-7&rft.date=2017-07%2F2017-12&rft.aulast=Ribolzi&rft.aufirst=Gianfranco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfc.it%2Fdocumenti%2Fdicono_di_noi%2FInfoNaturistica_luglio-dicembre_2017_n75-76.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorey2010" class="citation web cs1">Storey, Mark (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225092436/http://www.naturistaction.org/newsletter/Newsletter__01-10.pdf">"The Ups and Downs of a Mexican Nude Beach Proposal"</a> (PDF). Naturist Action Committee. The Naturist Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturistaction.org/newsletter/Newsletter__01-10.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naturist+Action+Committee&rft.atitle=The+Ups+and+Downs+of+a+Mexican+Nude+Beach+Proposal&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Storey&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturistaction.org%2Fnewsletter%2FNewsletter__01-10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerp2012" class="citation web cs1">Terp, Peter (16 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spotnaked.com/naturism-in-finland/141/">"Naturism / nudism in Finland"</a>. SpotNaked. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921121007/https://www.spotnaked.com/naturism-in-finland/141/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpotNaked&rft.atitle=Naturism+%2F+nudism+in+Finland&rft.date=2012-08-16&rft.aulast=Terp&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spotnaked.com%2Fnaturism-in-finland%2F141%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2017" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Mark (19 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedubrovniktimes.com/lifestyle/feature/item/1841-a-king-who-fell-in-love-in-dubrovnik">"A King who fell in love in Dubrovnik"</a>. The Dubrovnik Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112012921/https://www.thedubrovniktimes.com/lifestyle/feature/item/1841-a-king-who-fell-in-love-in-dubrovnik">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Dubrovnik+Times&rft.atitle=A+King+who+fell+in+love+in+Dubrovnik&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedubrovniktimes.com%2Flifestyle%2Ffeature%2Fitem%2F1841-a-king-who-fell-in-love-in-dubrovnik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd2019" class="citation web cs1">Todd, Georgia (26 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spiritualseeker.co.nz/illuminations-from-luminate/">"Illuminations from Luminate"</a>. Spiritual Seekers Guide to Queenstown and Surrounds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207185925/https://spiritualseeker.co.nz/illuminations-from-luminate/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021. <q>Clothing, optional and any take on clothing is embraced.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spiritual+Seekers+Guide+to+Queenstown+and+Surrounds&rft.atitle=Illuminations+from+Luminate&rft.date=2019-02-26&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspiritualseeker.co.nz%2Filluminations-from-luminate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΤσεμπερλιδου2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Τσεμπερλιδου, Κατερινα (2 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808024626/https://www.eirinika.gr/article/35252/aytes-einai-17-paralies-stin-ellada-opoy-mporeite-na-kanete-mpaniogymnoi-tha-tolmisete">"Αυτές είναι 17 παραλίες στην Ελλάδα όπου μπορείτε να κάνετε μπάνιο...γυμνοί-Θα το τολμήσετε;"</a> [These are 17 Beaches in Greece where you can Swim ... Naked – Will you Dare?]. eirinika.gr (in Greek). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eirinika.gr/article/35252/aytes-einai-17-paralies-stin-ellada-opoy-mporeite-na-kanete-mpaniogymnoi-tha-tolmisete">the original</a> on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eirinika.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%82+%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B9+17+%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1+%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B5+%CE%BD%CE%B1+%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B5+%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF...%CE%B3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF-%CE%98%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B5%3B&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft.aulast=%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85&rft.aufirst=%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eirinika.gr%2Farticle%2F35252%2Faytes-einai-17-paralies-stin-ellada-opoy-mporeite-na-kanete-mpaniogymnoi-tha-tolmisete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeltheim1994" class="citation web cs1">Veltheim, John (December 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010618083524/http://www.parama.com:80/naked.htm">"Naturism: Naked Beneath Your Clothing"</a>. PaRama.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parama.com/naked.htm">the original</a> on 18 June 2001. Retrieved 22 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PaRama.com&rft.atitle=Naturism%3A+Naked+Beneath+Your+Clothing&rft.date=1994-12&rft.aulast=Veltheim&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parama.com%2Fnaked.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZikakou2014" class="citation web cs1">Zikakou, Ioanna (25 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greekreporter.com/2014/07/25/greeces-most-amazing-nudist-beaches/">"Greece's Most Amazing Nudist Beaches"</a>. Greek Reporter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228195151/https://greekreporter.com/2014/07/25/greeces-most-amazing-nudist-beaches/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greek+Reporter&rft.atitle=Greece%27s+Most+Amazing+Nudist+Beaches&rft.date=2014-07-25&rft.aulast=Zikakou&rft.aufirst=Ioanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreekreporter.com%2F2014%2F07%2F25%2Fgreeces-most-amazing-nudist-beaches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBNTimeLine2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bn.org.uk/news/information/about-naturism/history-of-naturism/a-history-of-naturism-timeline-r28/">"A History of Naturism - Timeline"</a>. British Naturism. 19 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223030116/https://www.bn.org.uk/news/information/about-naturism/history-of-naturism/a-history-of-naturism-timeline-r28/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Naturism&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Naturism+-+Timeline&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bn.org.uk%2Fnews%2Finformation%2Fabout-naturism%2Fhistory-of-naturism%2Fa-history-of-naturism-timeline-r28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimeOut2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/coisas-para-fazer/as-melhores-praias-naturistas-em-portugal">"As melhores praias naturistas em Portugal"</a> [The best naturist beaches in Portugal]. Time Out Lisboa (in Portuguese). 9 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210216104040/https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/coisas-para-fazer/as-melhores-praias-naturistas-em-portugal">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Out+Lisboa&rft.atitle=As+melhores+praias+naturistas+em+Portugal&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.pt%2Flisboa%2Fpt%2Fcoisas-para-fazer%2Fas-melhores-praias-naturistas-em-portugal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFActiveNaturists2012" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://activenaturists.net/barcelona/">"Barcelona"</a>. Active Naturists. 21 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205215232/https://activenaturists.net/barcelona/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Active+Naturists&rft.atitle=Barcelona&rft.date=2012-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factivenaturists.net%2Fbarcelona%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFActiveNaturists2015a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://activenaturists.net/berlin/">"Berlin"</a>. Active Naturists. 25 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202210737/https://activenaturists.net/berlin/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Active+Naturists&rft.atitle=Berlin&rft.date=2015-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factivenaturists.net%2Fberlin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNFN2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nfn.nl/nieuwsoverzicht/nieuws/blootgewoon-de-nieuwste-telg-van-nfn/">"BlootGewoon!, de nieuwste telg van NFN"</a> [BlootGewoon!, the newest offshoot of the NFN]. Naturisten Federatie Nederland (in Dutch). 27 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020165819/https://www.nfn.nl/nieuwsoverzicht/nieuws/blootgewoon-de-nieuwste-telg-van-nfn/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naturisten+Federatie+Nederland&rft.atitle=BlootGewoon%21%2C+de+nieuwste+telg+van+NFN&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfn.nl%2Fnieuwsoverzicht%2Fnieuws%2Fblootgewoon-de-nieuwste-telg-van-nfn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLupin2012" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019234814/http://www.lupinlodge.org/history.html">"Body Acceptance: A Brief History of Social Nudity"</a>. Lupin Lodge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lupinlodge.org/history.html">the original</a> on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lupin+Lodge&rft.atitle=Body+Acceptance%3A+A+Brief+History+of+Social+Nudity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lupinlodge.org%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarín2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clarin.com/viajes/desfiles-baile-poca-ropa-festival-nudista-zipolite_0_H1CVqONUz.html">"Desfiles, baile y poca ropa en el Festival Nudista de Zipolite"</a> [Parades, dance, and few clothes at the Zipolite Nudist Festival]. Clarín (in Spanish). Clarín, Argentina. 4 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026223725/https://www.clarin.com/viajes/desfiles-baile-poca-ropa-festival-nudista-zipolite_0_H1CVqONUz.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2021. <q>Thousands of visitors arrived on the weekend of February 3 and 4 … to participate in the 2018 Nudist Festival…</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clar%C3%ADn&rft.atitle=Desfiles%2C+baile+y+poca+ropa+en+el+Festival+Nudista+de+Zipolite&rft.date=2018-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarin.com%2Fviajes%2Fdesfiles-baile-poca-ropa-festival-nudista-zipolite_0_H1CVqONUz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFActiveNaturists2014" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://activenaturists.net/crete/">"Crete"</a>. Active Naturists. 6 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129103604/https://activenaturists.net/crete/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Active+Naturists&rft.atitle=Crete&rft.date=2014-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factivenaturists.net%2Fcrete%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuro-POI2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130224034343/http://www.euro-poi.com/croatian-highlights-croatia-278.html">"Croatian highlights"</a>. European Points of Interest. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euro-poi.com/croatian-highlights-croatia-278.html">the original</a> on 24 February 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Points+of+Interest&rft.atitle=Croatian+highlights&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euro-poi.com%2Fcroatian-highlights-croatia-278.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elconfidencialdigital.com/articulo/tendencias/localidades-multan-vas-camiseta-calle/20140701195239073518.html">"Cuatro localidades donde te multan si vas sin camiseta por la calle"</a> [Four locations where you are fined if you go without a shirt on the street]. ECD Confidencial Digital (in Spanish). 2 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812153207/https://www.elconfidencialdigital.com/articulo/tendencias/localidades-multan-vas-camiseta-calle/20140701195239073518.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ECD+Confidencial+Digital&rft.atitle=Cuatro+localidades+donde+te+multan+si+vas+sin+camiseta+por+la+calle&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencialdigital.com%2Farticulo%2Ftendencias%2Flocalidades-multan-vas-camiseta-calle%2F20140701195239073518.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBOE1995" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1995-25444">"Documento consolidado BOE-A-1995-25444"</a>. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). 24 November 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227030650/https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1995-25444">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agencia+Estatal+Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+del+Estado&rft.atitle=Documento+consolidado+BOE-A-1995-25444&rft.date=1995-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Fbuscar%2Fact.php%3Fid%3DBOE-A-1995-25444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance_242022" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20220806-en-allemagne-le-naturisme-s%C3%A9duit-de-plus-en-plus-les-nouvelles-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rations">"En Allemagne, le naturisme séduit de plus en plus les nouvelles générations"</a>. France 24. 6 August 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=En+Allemagne%2C+le+naturisme+s%C3%A9duit+de+plus+en+plus+les+nouvelles+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rations&rft.pub=France+24&rft.date=2022-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2Feurope%2F20220806-en-allemagne-le-naturisme-s%25C3%25A9duit-de-plus-en-plus-les-nouvelles-g%25C3%25A9n%25C3%25A9rations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFNdM" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fednudmex.org/">"Federación Nudista de México A.C."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130020603/https://www.fednudmex.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federaci%C3%B3n+Nudista+de+M%C3%A9xico+A.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fednudmex.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFBN" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naturisme.be/">"Federatie van Belgische Naturisten"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128050149/https://www.naturisme.be/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federatie+van+Belgische+Naturisten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturisme.be%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFganz-muenchen.de" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ganz-muenchen.de/freizeitfitness/baden/fkk.html">"FKK in München und Umland - das Nacktbaden Special"</a>. ganz-muenchen.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200419190142/https://www.ganz-muenchen.de/freizeitfitness/baden/fkk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ganz-muenchen.de&rft.atitle=FKK+in+M%C3%BCnchen+und+Umland+-+das+Nacktbaden+Special&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganz-muenchen.de%2Ffreizeitfitness%2Fbaden%2Ffkk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorte_Costituzionale2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220503102038/https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/actionSchedaPronuncia.do?anno=2022&numero=95">"GIUDIZIO DI LEGITTIMITÀ COSTITUZIONALE IN VIA INCIDENTALE"</a> [JUDGMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL LEGITIMACY IN AN INCIDENTAL WAY] (in Italian). Corte Costituzionale [Constitutional Court]. 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/actionSchedaPronuncia.do?anno=2022&numero=95">the original</a> on 3 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GIUDIZIO+DI+LEGITTIMIT%C3%80+COSTITUZIONALE+IN+VIA+INCIDENTALE&rft.pub=Corte+Costituzionale+%5BConstitutional+Court%5D&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cortecostituzionale.it%2FactionSchedaPronuncia.do%3Fanno%3D2022%26numero%3D95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPostcards2017" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171130015225/http://www.greekisland.co.uk/greeks/greek-faqs.htm">"Greek Island FAQ"</a>. Greek Island Postcards. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greekisland.co.uk/greeks/greek-faqs.htm">the original</a> on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greek+Island+Postcards&rft.atitle=Greek+Island+FAQ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greekisland.co.uk%2Fgreeks%2Fgreek-faqs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFActiveNaturists2015b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://activenaturists.net/gymnasium-camp/">"Gymnasium theme camp"</a>. Active Naturists. 7 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205212940/https://activenaturists.net/gymnasium-camp/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Active+Naturists&rft.atitle=Gymnasium+theme+camp&rft.date=2015-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factivenaturists.net%2Fgymnasium-camp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFCN2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002734/http://www.fcn.ca/about-naturism/information-and-references/a-brief-history-of-naturism-nudism">"History of Naturism"</a>. Federation of Canadian Naturists. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcn.ca/about-naturism/information-and-references/a-brief-history-of-naturism-nudism">the original</a> on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federation+of+Canadian+Naturists&rft.atitle=History+of+Naturism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcn.ca%2Fabout-naturism%2Finformation-and-references%2Fa-brief-history-of-naturism-nudism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeraPlaya2006" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veraplaya.info/history.html">"History of the Vera Playa naturist zone"</a>. November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200821033116/http://www.veraplaya.info/history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Vera+Playa+naturist+zone&rft.date=2006-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veraplaya.info%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFBrN" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fbrn.org.br/">"Home"</a>. Official website (in Portuguese). Federação Brasileira de Naturismo (FBrN).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+website+%28in+Portuguese%29&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbrn.org.br%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFActiveNaturists2015c" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://activenaturists.net/how-it-used-to-be/">"How it used to be"</a>. Active Naturists. 24 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202220907/https://activenaturists.net/how-it-used-to-be/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Active+Naturists&rft.atitle=How+it+used+to+be&rft.date=2015-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factivenaturists.net%2Fhow-it-used-to-be%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC2017" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41396130">"Indonesia's secret nudist community defying the law"</a>. BBC. 22 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127035247/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41396130">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Indonesia%27s+secret+nudist+community+defying+the+law&rft.date=2017-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-41396130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPublico2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.es/sociedad/toples-piscina-l-ametlla-valles-permitira-toples-piscinas-municipales-realizar-consulta.html">"L'Ametlla del Vallès permitirá el toples en sus piscinas municipales tras consultar a las mujeres"</a> [L'Ametlla del Vallès will allow toplessness in its municipal swimming pools after consulting with women]. Publico (in Spanish). 12 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224214157/https://www.publico.es/sociedad/toples-piscina-l-ametlla-valles-permitira-toples-piscinas-municipales-realizar-consulta.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021. <q>El 60,9% del total de mujeres empadronadas de L'Ametlla del Vallès y mayores de 16 años han votado a favor de la práctica</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publico&rft.atitle=L%27Ametlla+del+Vall%C3%A8s+permitir%C3%A1+el+toples+en+sus+piscinas+municipales+tras+consultar+a+las+mujeres&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.es%2Fsociedad%2Ftoples-piscina-l-ametlla-valles-permitira-toples-piscinas-municipales-realizar-consulta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropaPress2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europapress.es/catalunya/noticia-federacion-espanola-naturismo-recurre-tsjc-prohibicion-nudismo-barcelona-20110717185055.html">"La Federación Española de Naturismo recurre ante el TSJC la prohibición del nudismo en Barcelona"</a> [The Spanish Federation of Naturism appeals to the TSJC the prohibition of nudism in Barcelona]. Europa Press (in European Spanish). 17 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215124309/https://www.europapress.es/catalunya/noticia-federacion-espanola-naturismo-recurre-tsjc-prohibicion-nudismo-barcelona-20110717185055.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europa+Press&rft.atitle=La+Federaci%C3%B3n+Espa%C3%B1ola+de+Naturismo+recurre+ante+el+TSJC+la+prohibici%C3%B3n+del+nudismo+en+Barcelona&rft.date=2011-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europapress.es%2Fcatalunya%2Fnoticia-federacion-espanola-naturismo-recurre-tsjc-prohibicion-nudismo-barcelona-20110717185055.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontevideo2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.montevideo.com.uy/Noticias/La-Sirena-segunda-playa-nudista-en-Uruguay-uc158507">"La Sirena: segunda playa nudista en Uruguay"</a> [La Sirena: second nudist beach in Uruguay]. Montevideo Portal (in Spanish). Montevideo. 23 January 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Montevideo+Portal&rft.atitle=La+Sirena%3A+segunda+playa+nudista+en+Uruguay&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.montevideo.com.uy%2FNoticias%2FLa-Sirena-segunda-playa-nudista-en-Uruguay-uc158507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApanna" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apanna.org.ar/lugares-servicios-2/">"Lugares y Servicios"</a>. Apanna (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apanna&rft.atitle=Lugares+y+Servicios&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apanna.org.ar%2Flugares-servicios-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSA-V" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/kwazulunatal/mpenjati-naturist-beach/">"Mpenjati Naturist Beach"</a>. SA-Venues.com. Retrieved 24 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SA-Venues.com&rft.atitle=Mpenjati+Naturist+Beach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sa-venues.com%2Fthings-to-do%2Fkwazulunatal%2Fmpenjati-naturist-beach%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFNdM2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317102213/http://federacionnudistademexico.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Acta-cabildo-baja.pdf">"Municipal declaration of the distinction of Zipolite and Playa del Amor as nude optional beaches by the Cabildo de San Pedro Pochutla, Pochutla, Oaxaca"</a> (PDF). federacionnudistademexico.org. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://federacionnudistademexico.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Acta-cabildo-baja.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=federacionnudistademexico.org&rft.atitle=Municipal+declaration+of+the+distinction+of+Zipolite+and+Playa+del+Amor+as+nude+optional+beaches+by+the+Cabildo+de+San+Pedro+Pochutla%2C+Pochutla%2C+Oaxaca&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffederacionnudistademexico.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F09%2FActa-cabildo-baja.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNambassa2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180301155248/http://nambassa.com/johnlowe.html">"The Nambassa Experience"</a>. Nambassa.com. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nambassa.com/johnlowe.html">the original</a> on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nambassa.com&rft.atitle=The+Nambassa+Experience&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnambassa.com%2Fjohnlowe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatLibNZ2020" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://natlib.govt.nz/records/30624441">"New Zealand Naturist Federation"</a>. National Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804081110/https://natlib.govt.nz/records/30624441">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Library&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Naturist+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnatlib.govt.nz%2Frecords%2F30624441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGTP2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gtp.gr/2013/08/14/nude-beaches-in-greece-where-to-bare-it-all/">"Nude Beaches In Greece: Where To Bare It All"</a>. GTP Headlines. 14 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817143051/https://news.gtp.gr/2013/08/14/nude-beaches-in-greece-where-to-bare-it-all/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GTP+Headlines&rft.atitle=Nude+Beaches+In+Greece%3A+Where+To+Bare+It+All&rft.date=2013-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gtp.gr%2F2013%2F08%2F14%2Fnude-beaches-in-greece-where-to-bare-it-all%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaturistNet2012" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120429012925/http://www.naturistnet.org//main.php?page_id=527">"Nude Beaches in Scandinavia"</a>. Scandinavian Naturist Portal. 29 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturistnet.org/main.php?page_id=527">the original</a> on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Naturist+Portal&rft.atitle=Nude+Beaches+in+Scandinavia&rft.date=2012-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturistnet.org%2Fmain.php%3Fpage_id%3D527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNLTourism2014" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.netherlands-tourism.com/nude-beaches-netherlands/">"Nude Beaches in the Netherlands"</a>. Netherlands Tourism. 28 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803225625/https://www.netherlands-tourism.com/nude-beaches-netherlands/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Netherlands+Tourism&rft.atitle=Nude+Beaches+in+the+Netherlands&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.netherlands-tourism.com%2Fnude-beaches-netherlands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNZa2z2020" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newzealandatoz.com/index.php/page/display/808/?name=Nude%2520Day">"Nude Day"</a>. New Zealand A to Z. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807154841/http://www.newzealandatoz.com/index.php/page/display/808/?name=Nude%20Day">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+A+to+Z&rft.atitle=Nude+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newzealandatoz.com%2Findex.php%2Fpage%2Fdisplay%2F808%2F%3Fname%3DNude%252520Day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreek_Islands_US" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greek-islands.us/crete/crete-nudist/">"Nudist Beaches in Crete"</a>. greek-islands.us. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804111824/http://www.greek-islands.us/crete/crete-nudist/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=greek-islands.us&rft.atitle=Nudist+Beaches+in+Crete&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greek-islands.us%2Fcrete%2Fcrete-nudist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeBeaches1995" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freebeaches.org.nz/legal.htm">"Nudity in Public – Legal Aspects"</a>. Free Beaches NZ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002003338/https://www.freebeaches.org.nz/legal.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Beaches+NZ&rft.atitle=Nudity+in+Public+%E2%80%93+Legal+Aspects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebeaches.org.nz%2Flegal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNZNF2018" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gonatural.co.nz/information/about-the-nznf/NZNF-60th/">"NZNF 60th Anniversary"</a>. gonatural. New Zealand Naturist Federation. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208070424/https://gonatural.co.nz/information/about-the-nznf/NZNF-60th/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gonatural&rft.atitle=NZNF+60th+Anniversary&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgonatural.co.nz%2Finformation%2Fabout-the-nznf%2FNZNF-60th%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC2007" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2516383.stm">"Paedophile campaigner walks free"</a>. BBC. 26 November 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126110455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2516383.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Paedophile+campaigner+walks+free&rft.date=2002-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2F2516383.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomZap2021" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tomzap.com/zipolite.html">"Playa Zipolite"</a>. tomzap.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213221139/https://tomzap.com/zipolite.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021. <q>In the 1960s, Zipolite attracted young countercultural visitors and became known for its bohemian vibe and for its acceptance of nudity on the beach.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tomzap.com&rft.atitle=Playa+Zipolite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftomzap.com%2Fzipolite.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaya_Escondida" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playaescondida.com.ar">"Primera playa naturista de Argentina"</a>. Playa Escondida (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playa+Escondida&rft.atitle=Primera+playa+naturista+de+Argentina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playaescondida.com.ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF4IE2007" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304193047/http://www.4ie.ie/northern_ireland_news.asp?id=63004">"Rector found guilty over indecent images"</a>. 4IE. 29 June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.4ie.ie/northern_ireland_news.asp?id=63004">the original</a> on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=4IE&rft.atitle=Rector+found+guilty+over+indecent+images&rft.date=2007-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.4ie.ie%2Fnorthern_ireland_news.asp%3Fid%3D63004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConvergence2021" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://convergence.net.nz/registration/">"Registration"</a>. Convergence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213010955/https://convergence.net.nz/registration/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021. <q>Some people choose to swim naked and occasional nudity will be seen elsewhere.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Convergence&rft.atitle=Registration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconvergence.net.nz%2Fregistration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNEF1966" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naturisteducation.org/Toni_Egbert_Library/US_District_Courts/Roberts_v__Clement/roberts_v__clement.html">"Roberts v. Clement"</a>. Naturist Education Foundation. 12 February 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200419190314/http://naturisteducation.org/Toni_Egbert_Library/US_District_Courts/Roberts_v__Clement/roberts_v__clement.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naturist+Education+Foundation&rft.atitle=Roberts+v.+Clement&rft.date=1966-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnaturisteducation.org%2FToni_Egbert_Library%2FUS_District_Courts%2FRoberts_v__Clement%2Froberts_v__clement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFANITA2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturismoanita.it/news-e-eventi/nudo-news/190-sentenza-giudice-di-pace-di-cecina-29-03-2019">"SENTENZA GIUDICE DI PACE DI CECINA - 29/03/2019"</a> [JUDGMENT OF THE JUDGE OF PEACE OF CECINA - 29/03/2019]. A.N.ITA. (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804100458/http://www.naturismoanita.it/news-e-eventi/nudo-news/190-sentenza-giudice-di-pace-di-cecina-29-03-2019">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A.N.ITA.&rft.atitle=SENTENZA+GIUDICE+DI+PACE+DI+CECINA+-+29%2F03%2F2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturismoanita.it%2Fnews-e-eventi%2Fnudo-news%2F190-sentenza-giudice-di-pace-di-cecina-29-03-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFENAIT2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fenait.org/luoghi-naturisti/">"Spiagge pubbliche ufficiali"</a> [Official public beaches]. Luoghi naturisti [Naturist places] (in Italian). FENAIT - Federazione Naturista Italiana. 30 December 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Luoghi+naturisti&rft.atitle=Spiagge+pubbliche+ufficiali&rft.date=2019-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffenait.org%2Fluoghi-naturisti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNZonScreen2005" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/sportscafe-grand-final">"SportsCafe - Grand Final"</a>. NZOnscreen. 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203221541/https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/sportscafe-grand-final">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZOnscreen&rft.atitle=SportsCafe+-+Grand+Final&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzonscreen.com%2Ftitle%2Fsportscafe-grand-final&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWreck_Beach2020" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wreckbeach.org/archive/AANRWorldRecordSkinnyDipFinal.pdf">"The AANR World Record Skinny-Dip"</a> (PDF). Wreck Beach. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804105845/https://www.wreckbeach.org/archive/AANRWorldRecordSkinnyDipFinal.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wreck+Beach&rft.atitle=The+AANR+World+Record+Skinny-Dip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wreckbeach.org%2Farchive%2FAANRWorldRecordSkinnyDipFinal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheToc2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetoc.gr/new-life/article/oi-10-wraioteres-paralies-gia-gumnismo-stin-ellada">"Οι 10 ωραιότερες παραλίες για γυμνισμό στην Ελλάδα"</a> [The 10 most beautiful beaches for nudism in Greece]. The Toc (in Greek). 21 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228202400/https://www.thetoc.gr/new-life/article/oi-10-wraioteres-paralies-gia-gumnismo-stin-ellada">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Toc&rft.atitle=%CE%9F%CE%B9+10+%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CE%B3%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1&rft.date=2015-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetoc.gr%2Fnew-life%2Farticle%2Foi-10-wraioteres-paralies-gia-gumnismo-stin-ellada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerraCotta2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123224742/http://www.sunnyfun.com/faq.html">"Terra Cotta Inn Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. Terra Cotta Inn. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunnyfun.com:80/faq.html">the original</a> on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terra+Cotta+Inn&rft.atitle=Terra+Cotta+Inn+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunnyfun.com%3A80%2Ffaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNambassa2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151007002444/http://www.nambassa.com/johnlowe.html">"The Nambassa Experience"</a>. Nambassa. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nambassa.com/johnlowe.html">the original</a> on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nambassa&rft.atitle=The+Nambassa+Experience&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnambassa.com%2Fjohnlowe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSNP2012" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120429013147/http://www.naturistnet.org/main.php?page_id=532">"Naturism and free beaches in Denmark"</a>. Scandinavian Naturist Portal. 29 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturistnet.org/main.php?page_id=532">the original</a> on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2021. <q>With a few exceptions you may take a nude swim or be in the sun without any clothes anywhere in Denmark.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Naturist+Portal&rft.atitle=Naturism+and+free+beaches+in+Denmark&rft.date=2012-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturistnet.org%2Fmain.php%3Fpage_id%3D532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFle_dauphiné2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2018/04/01/plus-nombreux-les-naturistes-sont-de-plus-en-plus-jeunes">"Plus nombreux, les naturistes sont de plus en plus jeunes"</a> [More numerous, naturists are getting younger and younger]. le dauphiné (in French). 1 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103071745/https://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2018/04/01/plus-nombreux-les-naturistes-sont-de-plus-en-plus-jeunes">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=le+dauphin%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Plus+nombreux%2C+les+naturistes+sont+de+plus+en+plus+jeunes&rft.date=2018-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledauphine.com%2Ffrance-monde%2F2018%2F04%2F01%2Fplus-nombreux-les-naturistes-sont-de-plus-en-plus-jeunes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImparcial2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elimparcial.com/sonora/estilos/Una-playa-sin-tabu-Zipolite-20190208-0048.html">"Una playa sin tabú: Zipolite"</a> [A Beach Without Taboo: Zipolite]. El Imparcial (in Spanish). 8 February 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2021. <q>In four years the participation exceeded expectations, from 2 thousand ... to between 7 thousand and 8 thousand.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Imparcial&rft.atitle=Una+playa+sin+tab%C3%BA%3A+Zipolite&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elimparcial.com%2Fsonora%2Festilos%2FUna-playa-sin-tabu-Zipolite-20190208-0048.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFActiveNaturists2015d" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://activenaturists.net/nudity-ok2/">"what if nudity were a norm? (2)"</a>. Active Naturists. 6 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028091853/https://activenaturists.net/nudity-ok2/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Active+Naturists&rft.atitle=what+if+nudity+were+a+norm%3F+%282%29&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factivenaturists.net%2Fnudity-ok2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontananaturist.org" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://montananaturist.org/Articles%20on%20Nudism%20-%20What%20is.html">"What is a Naturist?"</a>. Montananaturist.org. Montana Naturist Organization. Retrieved 14 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Montananaturist.org&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Naturist%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmontananaturist.org%2FArticles%2520on%2520Nudism%2520-%2520What%2520is.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJapanToday2012" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japantoday.com/category/features/opinions/why-japanese-people-are-comfortable-with-nakedness">"Why Japanese people are comfortable with nakedness"</a>. Japan Today. 12 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021624/https://japantoday.com/category/features/opinions/why-japanese-people-are-comfortable-with-nakedness">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Today&rft.atitle=Why+Japanese+people+are+comfortable+with+nakedness&rft.date=2012-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapantoday.com%2Fcategory%2Ffeatures%2Fopinions%2Fwhy-japanese-people-are-comfortable-with-nakedness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatCorn2017" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921021448/https://www.natcorn.org.uk/young-naturists-america-is-closing-in-2017/">"Young Naturists America is closing in 2017; The End of Young Naturists America, Inc"</a>. Naturism in Cornwall. 26 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natcorn.org.uk/young-naturists-america-is-closing-in-2017/">the original</a> on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naturism+in+Cornwall&rft.atitle=Young+Naturists+America+is+closing+in+2017%3B+The+End+of+Young+Naturists+America%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2017-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natcorn.org.uk%2Fyoung-naturists-america-is-closing-in-2017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNFN" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020163119/https://www.nfn.nl/lijst-met-verenigingen/zon-en-leven/">"Zon en Leven"</a> [Sun and Life]. Naturisten Federatie Nederland (in Dutch). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nfn.nl/lijst-met-verenigingen/zon-en-leven/">the original</a> on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naturisten+Federatie+Nederland&rft.atitle=Zon+en+Leven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfn.nl%2Flijst-met-verenigingen%2Fzon-en-leven%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._B._B.1935" class="citation journal cs1">J. B. B. (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.law.umich.edu/context/mlr/article/11578/viewcontent/uc.pdf">"Criminal Law and Procedure: Indecent Exposure: Nudism"</a> (PDF). Michigan Law Review. 33 (6): 936–942. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1281779">10.2307/1281779</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-2234">0026-2234</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1281779">1281779</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Michigan+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Criminal+Law+and+Procedure%3A+Indecent+Exposure%3A+Nudism&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=936-942&rft.date=1935&rft.issn=0026-2234&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1281779%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1281779&rft.au=J.+B.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.law.umich.edu%2Fcontext%2Fmlr%2Farticle%2F11578%2Fviewcontent%2Fuc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr-Gomm2013" class="citation book cs1">Carr-Gomm, Philip (2013). A brief history of nakedness. London: Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-022-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-022-1"><bdi>978-1-78023-022-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/906832943">906832943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+brief+history+of+nakedness&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F906832943&rft.isbn=978-1-78023-022-1&rft.aulast=Carr-Gomm&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClinard2019" class="citation book cs1">Clinard, Marshall B (2019). "Ch. 1: The Example of Nudism". Sociology of deviant behavior. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-337-88564-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-337-88564-5"><bdi>978-1-337-88564-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1019751074">1019751074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+1%3A+The+Example+of+Nudism&rft.btitle=Sociology+of+deviant+behavior&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA%2C+USA&rft.pub=Cengage&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1019751074&rft.isbn=978-1-337-88564-5&rft.aulast=Clinard&rft.aufirst=Marshall+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrick2016" class="citation book cs1">Crick, Malcolm (2016). Resplendent sites, discordant voices: sri lankans and international tourism. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-99728-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-99728-8"><bdi>978-1-138-99728-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/953428622">953428622</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resplendent+sites%2C+discordant+voices%3A+sri+lankans+and+international+tourism&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F953428622&rft.isbn=978-1-138-99728-8&rft.aulast=Crick&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarp2014" class="citation book cs1">Harp, Stephen L. (2014). Au naturel: Naturism, nudism, and tourism in twentieth-century France. LSU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807155257" title="Special:BookSources/9780807155257"><bdi>9780807155257</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/855977574">855977574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Au+naturel%3A+Naturism%2C+nudism%2C+and+tourism+in+twentieth-century+France&rft.pub=LSU+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F855977574&rft.isbn=9780807155257&rft.aulast=Harp&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarp2011" class="citation journal cs1">Harp, Stephen L. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/660365">"Demanding Vacation au naturel : European Nudism and Postwar Municipal Development on the French Riviera"</a>. The Journal of Modern History. 83 (3): 513–543. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F660365">10.1086/660365</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2801">0022-2801</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/660365">10.1086/660365</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144401533">144401533</a>. Retrieved 20 March 2021 – via University of Chicago Press Journals.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=Demanding+Vacation+au+naturel+%3A+European+Nudism+and+Postwar+Municipal+Development+on+the+French+Riviera&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=513-543&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0022-2801&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144401533%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1086%2F660365%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F660365&rft.aulast=Harp&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.1086%2F660365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartman1991" class="citation book cs1">Hartman, William E. (1991). Nudist society: the controversial study of the clothes-free naturist movement in America (Rev. and updated ed.). Los Angeles: Elysium Growth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55599-041-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-55599-041-X"><bdi>1-55599-041-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23940079">23940079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nudist+society%3A+the+controversial+study+of+the+clothes-free+naturist+movement+in+America&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.edition=Rev.+and+updated&rft.pub=Elysium+Growth+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23940079&rft.isbn=1-55599-041-X&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2015" class="citation book cs1">Hoffman, Brian S (2015). Naked: a cultural history of American nudism. New York: NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-4465-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-4465-9"><bdi>978-0-8147-4465-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/951103647">951103647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naked%3A+a+cultural+history+of+American+nudism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F951103647&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-4465-9&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Brian+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonterrubioJaurand2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Monterrubio, Juan Carlos; Jaurand, Emmanuel (5 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1024811ar">"Les sociétés locales face au tourisme nudiste: Résultats d'une enquête qualitative sur la côte pacifique du Mexique"</a>. Téoros (in French). 28 (2) (published 2009): 83–92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F1024811ar">10.7202/1024811ar</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1923-2705">1923-2705</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%C3%A9oros&rft.atitle=Les+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+locales+face+au+tourisme+nudiste%3A+R%C3%A9sultats+d%27une+enqu%C3%AAte+qualitative+sur+la+c%C3%B4te+pacifique+du+Mexique&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=83-92&rft.date=2014-05-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F1024811ar&rft.issn=1923-2705&rft.aulast=Monterrubio&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos&rft.au=Jaurand%2C+Emmanuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fid.erudit.org%2Fiderudit%2F1024811ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParmelee2012" class="citation book cs1">Parmelee, Maurice (2012). Nudism in modern life. Muller Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4474-5626-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4474-5626-1"><bdi>978-1-4474-5626-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/935087781">935087781</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nudism+in+modern+life.&rft.pub=Muller+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F935087781&rft.isbn=978-1-4474-5626-1&rft.aulast=Parmelee&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheobald2005" class="citation book cs1">Theobald, William F. (2005). "Ch. 7: Alternative tourism: a comparative analysis of meaning and impact". Global tourism (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4175-4459-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4175-4459-2"><bdi>978-1-4175-4459-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/56731935">56731935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+7%3A+Alternative+tourism%3A+a+comparative+analysis+of+meaning+and+impact&rft.btitle=Global+tourism&rft.place=Burlington%2C+MA&rft.pages=123&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Elsevier+Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F56731935&rft.isbn=978-1-4175-4459-2&rft.aulast=Theobald&rft.aufirst=William+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaturism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturism&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Naturism#Q152311" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Naturism">Naturism</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Naturism" class="extiw" title="commons:Naturism">Naturism</a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Naturism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Naturism">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/naturism" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:naturism">naturism</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nudity" class="extiw" title="q:Nudity">Nudity</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inf-fni.org/">International Naturist Federation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturisme.be/">Federatie van het Belgisch Naturisme</a> (FBN)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fednudmex.org/">Federación Nudista de México</a> (FNM)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturistliving.bareoaks.ca/">Naturist Living Show</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/nudity-public-guidance-handling-cases-naturism">UK Crown Prosecution Service - Nudity in Public</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fenait.org/">Federazione Naturista Italiana</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nudity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nudity" title="Template:Nudity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nudity" title="Template talk:Nudity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nudity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nudity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nudity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">Nudity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nakedness and clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_nudity" title="History of nudity">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_nakedness_and_clothing" title="Prehistory of nakedness and clothing">Prehistory of nakedness and clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakedness_and_colonialism" title="Nakedness and colonialism">Nakedness and colonialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_nudity" title="Childhood nudity">Childhood nudity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">Sex segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_religion" title="Nudity in religion">Nudity in religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_parts_in_Islam" title="Intimate parts in Islam">Awrah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_in_public" title="Breastfeeding in public">Breastfeeding in public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_bathing" title="Public bathing">Public bathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">Sauna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_sauna" title="Finnish sauna">Finnish sauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massage" title="Massage">Massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">Toplessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topfreedom" title="Topfreedom">Topfreedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_toplessness_in_Canada" title="Female toplessness in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topfreedom_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Topfreedom in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_and_protest" title="Nudity and protest">Nudity and protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Clothing laws by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nudity_and_sexuality" title="Nudity and sexuality">Nudity and sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_part" title="Intimate part">Intimate part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibitionism" title="Exhibitionism">Exhibitionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mooning" title="Mooning">Mooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaking" title="Streaking">Streaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">Striptease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripper" title="Stripper">Stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_stripper" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist stripper">Feminist stripper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyeurism" title="Voyeurism">Voyeurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anasyrma" title="Anasyrma">Anasyrma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candaulism" title="Candaulism">Candaulism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Issues_in_social_nudity" class="mw-redirect" title="Issues in social nudity">Issues in social nudity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexualization" title="Sexualization">Sexualization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornification" title="Pornification">Pornification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe_malfunction" title="Wardrobe malfunction">Wardrobe malfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_search" title="Strip search">Strip search</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Naturism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturist_resort" title="Naturist resort">Naturist resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_naturism" title="Christian naturism">Christian naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freik%C3%B6rperkultur" title="Freikörperkultur">Freikörperkultur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_naturism" title="Gay naturism">Gay naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnosophy" title="Gymnosophy">Gymnosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naturist_magazines" title="Category:Naturist magazines">Naturist magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_organizations" title="List of social nudity organizations">Social nudity organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Anarchist naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_social_nudity" title="Timeline of social nudity">Timeline of social nudity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nude_recreation" title="Nude recreation">Nude recreation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nude_beach" title="Nude beach">Nude beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_swimming" title="Nude swimming">Nude swimming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nude_swimming_in_US_indoor_pools" title="Nude swimming in US indoor pools">Nude swimming classes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_party" title="Naked party">Naked party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_wedding" title="Nude wedding">Nude wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nude_beaches" title="Category:Nude beaches">Nude beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Clothing-optional_events" title="Category:Clothing-optional events">Clothing-optional events</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_social_nudity_is_practised" title="List of places where social nudity is practised">By location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Africa" title="List of social nudity places in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Asia" title="List of social nudity places in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Europe" title="List of social nudity places in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_North_America" title="List of social nudity places in North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_nudity_in_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Social nudity in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_nudity_in_Seattle" class="mw-redirect" title="Social nudity in Seattle">Seattle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_Oceania" title="List of social nudity places in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_South_America" title="List of social nudity places in South America">South America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_nudity_advocates" title="Category:Social nudity advocates">Social nudity advocates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Barthel" title="Kurt Barthel">Kurt Barthel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Baxandall" title="Lee Baxandall">Lee Baxandall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bindrim" title="Paul Bindrim">Paul Bindrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilsley_Boone" title="Ilsley Boone">Ilsley Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Huntington" title="Henry S. Huntington">Henry S. Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Pudor" title="Heinrich Pudor">Heinrich Pudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_Raymond_Shaw" title="Elton Raymond Shaw">Elton Raymond Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ungewitter" title="Richard Ungewitter">Richard Ungewitter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_nudity" title="Depictions of nudity">Depictions of nudity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nude_(art)" title="Nude (art)">Nude (art)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_nude_in_art" title="History of the nude in art">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_(art)" title="Model (art)">Nude modeling (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography_(art)" title="Nude photography (art)">Nude photography (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_live_performance" title="Nudity in live performance">Nudity in live performance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_painting" title="Body painting">Body painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_film" title="Nudity in film">Nudity in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_American_television" title="Nudity in American television">Nudity in American television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_music_videos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudity in music videos">Nudity in music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_print_media" title="Nudity in print media">Nudity in print media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">Nudity in advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic photography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imagery_of_nude_celebrities" title="Imagery of nude celebrities">Imagery of nude celebrities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_calendar" title="Nude calendar">Nude calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_News" title="Naked News">Naked News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_in_combat" title="Nudity in combat">Nudity in combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudity_clause" title="Nudity clause">Nudity clause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_psychotherapy" title="Nude psychotherapy">Nude psychotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nudity" title="Category:Nudity">Category</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Nudity" title="Portal:Nudity">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152311#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152311#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152311#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1041145/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4018338-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85093173">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12098269r">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12098269r">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007538640305171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029334160">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naturism&oldid=1258123099">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naturism&oldid=1258123099</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naturism" title="Category:Naturism">Naturism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lifestyles" title="Category:Lifestyles">Lifestyles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_theories" title="Category:Social theories">Social theories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Subcultures" title="Category:Subcultures">Subcultures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Underground_culture" title="Category:Underground culture">Underground culture</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2024">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2022">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing title">CS1 errors: missing title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from August 2024">Articles with incomplete citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2021">Use dmy dates from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_shortened_footnotes_from_March_2021" title="Category:Use shortened footnotes from March 2021">Use shortened footnotes from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2009" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_November_2019" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2019">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2011" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2016" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2021">Articles needing additional references from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_factual_verification" title="Category:All pages needing factual verification">All pages needing factual verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_August_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2024">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_July_2022" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from July 2022">Articles that may contain original research from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2024">Articles with dead external links from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Polish-language_sources_(pl)" title="Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)">CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)">CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Greek-language_sources_(el)" title="Category:CS1 Greek-language sources (el)">CS1 Greek-language sources (el)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_European_Spanish-language_sources_(es-es)" title="Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)">CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 06:55 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naturism&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-556c5f94cd-vrwjd","wgBackendResponseTime":184,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.644","walltime":"3.973","ppvisitednodes":{"value":29405,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":577578,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":40719,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":51,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":593144,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3511.585 1 -total"," 30.32% 1064.558 145 Template:Sfn"," 21.03% 738.386 103 Template:Cite_web"," 15.92% 559.147 41 Template:Fix"," 15.69% 550.909 34 Template:Page_needed"," 12.88% 452.284 76 Template:Delink"," 7.66% 269.089 34 Template:Cite_book"," 5.54% 194.515 2 Template:Reflist"," 5.39% 189.193 21 Template:Cite_news"," 4.84% 170.023 30 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.516","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19880112,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF4IE2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFANITA2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFActiveNaturists2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFActiveNaturists2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFActiveNaturists2015a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFActiveNaturists2015b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFActiveNaturists2015c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFActiveNaturists2015d\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndelane2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndueza2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnon1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFApanna\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBC2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBC2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBNTimeLine2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBOE1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarcan2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarcan2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaubérot2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBellHolliday2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlumetti2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoni2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBridge2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBriggs2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuchy2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullough1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCano2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarr-Gomm2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasler1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChoin2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCiazelaRoszak2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCinder1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarín2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCleminson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClinard2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCockington2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnolly2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConstanze2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConvergence2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCook2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorte_Costituzionale2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorte_Suprema_di_Cassazione2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrick2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrosby2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaley2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavison2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDescamps1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeschênes2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDigital2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDitzian2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDowns1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuner1942\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl_Observatodo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEleftheriou-Smith2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllensberg1932\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEuro-POI2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEuropaPress2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFBN\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFBrN\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFCN2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFENAIT2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFNdM\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFNdM2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFPN2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFPN2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFallon2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrar2005a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrar2005b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrance_242022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeBeaches1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreyman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGTP2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlaister2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoosselink2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreek_Islands_US\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuardian2017a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuardian2017b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuérin1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarp2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarp2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrisonPerry1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaskell_Smith2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHau2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughesMonterrubioMiller2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFImparcial2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndependent2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._B._B.1935\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJapanToday2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenison2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonesBroadley1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKerin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKillingsworth2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKolker2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoutsoumbu2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrien2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrüger1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulkarni2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLempa2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLessig2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLichfield2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLupin2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM.2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakarova2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMapes2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMapes2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLellan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontananaturist.org\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonterrubioJaurand2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontevideo2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphySpear2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNEF1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNFN\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNFN2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNLTourism2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNZHerald2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNZHerald2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNZNF2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNZa2z2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNZonScreen2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaked_Club2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNambassa2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNambassa2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNatCorn2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNatLibNZ2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaturistNet2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNöllmann2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFObrador-Pons2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPARÍS2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParmelee2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatti2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeeters2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlanchon1778\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlaya_Escondida\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPostcards2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPublico2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRegula2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRenou2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRibolzi2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSA-V\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSNP2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSNS2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchrank2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSconce2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaffer2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaffer2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithKing2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteel1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStorey2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStorey2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStuff2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerp2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerraCotta2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTheToc2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTheobald2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimeOut2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTodd2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToepfer1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomZap2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVeltheim1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVeraPlaya2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarren1933\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinberg1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinberg1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitman1883\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodall2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoycke2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWreck_Beach2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZikakou2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Vries2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFganz-muenchen.de\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFle_dauphiné2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFΤσεμπερλιδου2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFαNaturist2016\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"As of\"] = 3,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 34,\n [\"Cite court\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 30,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 103,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons and category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 4,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Explain\"] = 1,\n [\"Full citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Ill\"] = 3,\n [\"Lang\"] = 34,\n [\"Main\"] = 11,\n [\"Main article\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nudity\"] = 1,\n [\"Original research section\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 34,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 4,\n [\"Refend\"] = 4,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 9,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 145,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 56,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 18,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 12,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Use shortened footnotes\"] = 1,\n [\"Verify source\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","460","16.4"],["?","460","16.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","300","10.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","7.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","200","7.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","200","7.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","100","3.6"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","2.9"],["(for generator)","80","2.9"],["type","80","2.9"],["[others]","620","22.1"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-88fr9","timestamp":"20241130105915","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Naturism","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naturism","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q152311","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q152311","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-13T07:38:53Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T06:55:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8a\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-0710-419%2C_Berlin%2C_M%C3%BCggelsee%2C_Sonnenbad.jpg","headline":"movement for social nudity"}</script> </body> </html>