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id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_WTO_and_Multilateral_Affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_WTO_and_Multilateral_Affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Office of WTO and Multilateral Affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_WTO_and_Multilateral_Affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_the_United_States_trade_representative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_the_United_States_trade_representative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History of the United States trade representative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_the_United_States_trade_representative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Issue areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Trade_Estimate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Trade_Estimate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>National Trade Estimate</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Trade_Estimate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Special_301_Report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Special_301_Report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>The Special 301 Report</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Special_301_Report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notorious_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notorious_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Notorious markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notorious_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_United_States_trade_representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_United_States_trade_representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of United States trade representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_United_States_trade_representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="مكتب الممثل التجاري للولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكتب الممثل التجاري للولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handelsbeauftragter_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Handelsbeauftragter der Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Handelsbeauftragter der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_del_Representante_Comercial_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Oficina del Representante Comercial de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oficina del Representante Comercial de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="دفتر نماینده تجاری ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دفتر نماینده تجاری ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_du_repr%C3%A9sentant_am%C3%A9ricain_au_commerce" title="Bureau du représentant américain au commerce – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bureau du représentant américain au commerce" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%AD%EB%8C%80%ED%91%9C%EB%B6%80" title="미국 무역대표부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 무역대표부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rappresentante_per_il_Commercio_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Rappresentante per il Commercio degli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rappresentante per il Commercio degli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%97%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="נציב הסחר של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נציב הסחר של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Amerikai_Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok_k%C3%BClkereskedelmi_k%C3%A9pvisel%C5%91inek_list%C3%A1ja" title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok külkereskedelmi képviselőinek listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok külkereskedelmi képviselőinek listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handelsvertegenwoordiger_van_de_Verenigde_Staten" title="Handelsvertegenwoordiger van de Verenigde Staten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Handelsvertegenwoordiger van de Verenigde Staten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%9A%E5%95%86%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E9%83%A8" title="アメリカ合衆国通商代表部 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国通商代表部" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Торговое представительство США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торговое представительство США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Office of the United States Trade Representative" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_kauppaedustaja" title="Yhdysvaltain kauppaedustaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain kauppaedustaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA:s_handelsrepresentant" title="USA:s handelsrepresentant – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USA:s handelsrepresentant" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%84%D1%96%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Офіс торгового представника США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Офіс торгового представника США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_quan_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_di%E1%BB%87n_Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_m%E1%BA%A1i_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Cơ quan Đại diện Thương mại Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ quan Đại diện Thương mại Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E8%99%95" title="美國貿易代表處 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國貿易代表處" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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searchaux" style="display:none">United States trade body</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Office of the United States Trade Representative</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg/140px-US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg/210px-US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg/280px-US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seal of the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="614" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1962</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Office of the Special Trade Representative</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Winder_Building" title="Winder Building">Winder Building</a> 600 17th St. NW <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">200</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$73 million (FY 2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Jamieson_Greer" title="Jamieson Greer">Jamieson Greer</a>, Trade Representative</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ustr.gov">ustr<wbr />.gov</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574977#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Office of the United States Trade Representative</b> (<b>USTR</b>) is an agency of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States federal government</a> responsible for developing and promoting <a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">United States foreign trade policies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a>, it is headed by the <b>United States Trade Representative</b>, a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet-level position</a> that serves as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">United States president</a>'s primary advisor, negotiator, and spokesperson on trade matters. USTR has more than two hundred employees, with offices in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. </p><p>USTR was established as the Office of the Special Trade Representative (STR) by the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Expansion_Act" title="Trade Expansion Act">Trade Expansion Act</a> of 1962, leads trade negotiations at bilateral and multilateral levels, and coordinates trade policy with other government agencies through the Trade Policy Committee<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (TPC), Trade Policy Committee Review Group<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (TPCRG), and Trade Policy Staff Committee<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (TPSC). Its areas of expertise include foreign direct investment, commodity agreements, trade-related intellectual property protection, and trade disputes before the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>. Based in Washington, D.C., <a href="/wiki/Jamieson_Greer" title="Jamieson Greer">Jamieson Greer</a> is the current United States trade representative. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The head of the office holds the title of <b>United States Trade Representative</b> (USTR), which is a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Cabinet">Cabinet</a>-level position, though not technically within the Cabinet, as is the case with office heads not of US departments but rather of offices contained within the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a>. To fill the post, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a> nominates someone for the position, and the appointment is then approved or rejected by a simple majority of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>. The United States trade representative and deputy United States trade representatives (DUSTR) carry the title of <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassador</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Froman" title="Michael Froman">Michael Froman</a> served as the US trade representative from 2013 to 2017, with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Punke" title="Michael Punke">Michael Punke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Holleyman" title="Robert Holleyman">Robert Holleyman</a> serving as deputy US trade representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ambassador Punke also concurrently served as the U.S. ambassador to the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization (WTO)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lighthizer" title="Robert Lighthizer">Robert Lighthizer</a> served during the <a href="/wiki/Trump%27s_first_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump's first presidency">Trump's first presidency</a>. <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Katherine Tai</a> served during the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_of_WTO_and_Multilateral_Affairs">Office of WTO and Multilateral Affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Office of WTO and Multilateral Affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The USTR participates in the World Trade Organization, which is currently in the <a href="/wiki/Doha_Development_Round" title="Doha Development Round">Doha Development Round</a>. This is partially managed by the USTR Office of WTO and Multilateral Affairs (WAMA). Relevant WTO agreements include the <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Trade-Related_Aspects_of_Intellectual_Property_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights">Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights</a> (TRIPS) and the <a href="/wiki/Generalized_System_of_Preferences" title="Generalized System of Preferences">Generalized System of Preferences</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_United_States_trade_representative">History of the United States trade representative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History of the United States trade representative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trade negotiations became more complicated in the twentieth century with the rise of multilateral organizations and technological advances allowing for more commerce. As a result, the organization of the U.S. government (with Congress in charge of regulating foreign commerce and the executive branch in charge of treaties) became less efficient and in 1962 Congress passed a bill calling for the president to appoint a Special Representative for Trade Negotiations who would make suggestions to the president on the matters of trade.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s, Congress expanded this position, making it more accountable to Congress (the position has been called "a creature of congress"<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and made it cabinet-level. Finally, in 1980 the position was renamed the United States Trade Representative.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Foreign_Trade_and_Competitiveness_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act">Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988</a> elevated the position's role to "coordinate trade policy, serve as the President's principal trade advisor and trade 'spokesperson', and lead U.S. international trade negotiations".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also "required the USTR to report to both the President and Congress".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue_areas">Issue areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Issue areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Agriculture</li> <li>Economy and trade</li> <li>Enforcement</li> <li>Environment</li> <li>Government procurement</li> <li>Industry and manufacturing</li> <li>Intellectual property</li> <li>Labor</li> <li>Preference Programs</li> <li>Services and Investment</li> <li>Small Business</li> <li>Textiles and apparel</li> <li>Trade and development</li> <li>Trade organizations (The <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO), <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> (APEC), <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a> (ASEAN), and the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> (OECD).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reports">Reports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Trade_Estimate"><i>National Trade Estimate</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: National Trade Estimate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers</i> (<i>National Trade Estimate</i> or <i>NTE</i>) is an annual series prepared by the USTR, which reports significant foreign barriers to U.S. exports. Since 1986, the <i>NTE</i> has provided, where feasible, quantitative estimates of the impact of these foreign practices on the value of U.S. exports. Information is also included on actions taken to eliminate barriers.<sup id="cite_ref-ReportsAndPublications_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReportsAndPublications-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based on information provided by USTR, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. departments of commerce</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">agriculture</a>, and other agencies and sources.<sup id="cite_ref-ReportsAndPublications_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReportsAndPublications-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Special_301_Report">The Special 301 Report</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Special 301 Report"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Special_301_Report" title="Special 301 Report">Special 301 Report</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annual_Special_301_Report_countries.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Annual_Special_301_Report_countries.png/230px-Annual_Special_301_Report_countries.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Annual_Special_301_Report_countries.png/345px-Annual_Special_301_Report_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Annual_Special_301_Report_countries.png/460px-Annual_Special_301_Report_countries.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7851A9; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Priority Foreign Country</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff5254; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Priority Watch List</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fcb653; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Watch List</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8cd19d; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Section 306 Monitoring</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#46a0ff; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Out-of-Cycle Review/Status Pending</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The Special 301 Report is prepared annually by the USTR under Section 182 as amended of the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Act_of_1974" title="Trade Act of 1974">Trade Act of 1974</a>. The act states that the USTR must on an annual basis, by April of each year: </p> <blockquote><p>identify those foreign countries that deny adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights, or deny fair and equitable markets access to United States persons that rely upon intellectual property protection, and those foreign countries identified under" this "paragraph that are determined by the Trade Representative to be priority foreign countries". The Act defines "priority foreign countries" as "those foreign countries that have the most onerous or egregious acts, policies, or practices that deny adequate and effective intellectual property rights, or deny fair and equitable market access to United States persons that rely upon intellectual property protection, whose acts, policies, or practices described in" this "paragraph have the greatest adverse impact (actual or potential) on the relevant United States products, and that are not entering into good faith negotiations, or making significant progress in bilateral or multilateral negotiations to provide adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_Round_Agreement_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguay Round Agreement Act">Uruguay Round Agreement Act</a> furthermore states that countries may be identified under Special 301 "taking into account the history of intellectual property laws and practices of the foreign country, including any previous identifications" and "the history of efforts of the United States, and the response of the foreign country, to achieve adequate and effective protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights". It also states that compliance with the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights does not include a country from being identified as denying "adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notorious_markets">Notorious markets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notorious markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Notorious_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Notorious markets">Notorious markets</a></div> <p>In 2006, along with the <a href="/wiki/International_Intellectual_Property_Alliance" title="International Intellectual Property Alliance">International Intellectual Property Alliance</a>, the USTR published a list of places where large-scale <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> takes place in the Special 301 Report. Since 2010, the notorious markets report has been published as a separate report.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_United_States_trade_representatives">List of United States trade representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of United States trade representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: black;background-color:#E6E6AA; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Denotes an <i><a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> U.S. trade representative</i></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th class="unsortable">Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Term Start </th> <th>Term End </th> <th>Duration </th> <th colspan="2">President(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_Archibald_Herter_(politician).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Christian_Archibald_Herter_%28politician%29.jpg/75px-Christian_Archibald_Herter_%28politician%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Christian_Archibald_Herter_%28politician%29.jpg/113px-Christian_Archibald_Herter_%28politician%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Christian_Archibald_Herter_%28politician%29.jpg/150px-Christian_Archibald_Herter_%28politician%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="957" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;"><span data-sort-value="Herter, Christian"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Christian Herter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;"><span data-sort-value="000000001962-12-10-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 10, 1962</span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;"><span data-sort-value="000000001966-12-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 30, 1966</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="7003148100000000000♠"></span>4 years, 20 days </td> <td style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kennedy, John F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></span></span></span><br />(1961–1963) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Johnson, Lyndon"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a></span></span></span><br />(1963–1969) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_de_William_M._Roth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Portrait_de_William_M._Roth.jpg/75px-Portrait_de_William_M._Roth.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Portrait_de_William_M._Roth.jpg/113px-Portrait_de_William_M._Roth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Portrait_de_William_M._Roth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Roth, William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_M._Roth" title="William M. Roth">William Roth</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001967-03-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 24, 1967</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001969-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1969</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002668000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 302 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Gilbert, Carl"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carl_J._Gilbert" title="Carl J. Gilbert">Carl Gilbert</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001969-08-06-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 6, 1969</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001971-09-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 21, 1971</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002776000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 46 days </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Nixon, Richard"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></span></span></span><br />(1969–1974) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eberle, William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Denman_Eberle" title="William Denman Eberle">William Eberle</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001971-11-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 12, 1971</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001974-12-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 24, 1974</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003113800000000000♠"></span>3 years, 42 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FrederickBailyDent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/FrederickBailyDent.jpg/75px-FrederickBailyDent.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/FrederickBailyDent.jpg/113px-FrederickBailyDent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/FrederickBailyDent.jpg/150px-FrederickBailyDent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Dent, Frederick"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_B._Dent" title="Frederick B. Dent">Frederick Dent</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001975-03-26-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 26, 1975</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001977-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1977</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002666000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 300 days </td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Ford, Gerald"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></span></span></span><br />(1974–1977) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RobertStrauss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/RobertStrauss.jpg/75px-RobertStrauss.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/RobertStrauss.jpg/113px-RobertStrauss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/RobertStrauss.jpg/150px-RobertStrauss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="315" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Strauss, Robert"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schwarz_Strauss" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Schwarz Strauss">Robert Strauss</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001977-03-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 30, 1977</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001979-08-17-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 17, 1979</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002870000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 140 days </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Carter, Jimmy"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></span></span></span><br />(1977–1981) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ReubinAskew.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/ReubinAskew.JPG/75px-ReubinAskew.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/ReubinAskew.JPG/113px-ReubinAskew.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/ReubinAskew.JPG/150px-ReubinAskew.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="901" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Askew, Reubin"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Reubin_Askew" title="Reubin Askew">Reubin Askew</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001979-10-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 1, 1979</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001980-12-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 31, 1980</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002457000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 91 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_brock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bill_brock.jpg/75px-Bill_brock.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bill_brock.jpg/113px-Bill_brock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bill_brock.jpg/150px-Bill_brock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Brock, Bill"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Brock" title="Bill Brock">Bill Brock</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001981-01-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 23, 1981</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001985-04-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 29, 1985</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003155700000000000♠"></span>4 years, 96 days </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Reagan, Ronald"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></span></span></span><br />(1981–1989) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clayton_Keith_Yeutter,_1990-04-24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Clayton_Keith_Yeutter%2C_1990-04-24.jpg/75px-Clayton_Keith_Yeutter%2C_1990-04-24.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Clayton_Keith_Yeutter%2C_1990-04-24.jpg/113px-Clayton_Keith_Yeutter%2C_1990-04-24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Clayton_Keith_Yeutter%2C_1990-04-24.jpg/150px-Clayton_Keith_Yeutter%2C_1990-04-24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="280" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Yeutter, Clayton"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Keith_Yeutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Clayton Keith Yeutter">Clayton Yeutter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001985-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 1, 1985</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001989-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1989</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003129900000000000♠"></span>3 years, 203 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carla_A._Hills_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Carla_A._Hills_official_portrait.jpg/75px-Carla_A._Hills_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Carla_A._Hills_official_portrait.jpg/113px-Carla_A._Hills_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Carla_A._Hills_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Carla_A._Hills_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1637" data-file-height="2251" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Hills, Carla"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Hills</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001989-02-06-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 6, 1989</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1993</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003144400000000000♠"></span>3 years, 349 days </td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Bush, George H. W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></span></span></span><br />(1989–1993) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MichaelKantor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/MichaelKantor.jpg/75px-MichaelKantor.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/MichaelKantor.jpg/113px-MichaelKantor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/MichaelKantor.jpg/150px-MichaelKantor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kantor, Mickey"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Kantor" title="Mickey Kantor">Mickey Kantor</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-01-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 22, 1993</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001996-04-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 12, 1996</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003117600000000000♠"></span>3 years, 81 days </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="Clinton, Bill"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></span></span></span><br />(1993–2001) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;">— </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlene_Barshefsky_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Charlene_Barshefsky_official_portrait.jpg/75px-Charlene_Barshefsky_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Charlene_Barshefsky_official_portrait.jpg/113px-Charlene_Barshefsky_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Charlene_Barshefsky_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Charlene_Barshefsky_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1898" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Barshefsky, Charlene"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Barshefsky" title="Charlene Barshefsky">Charlene Barshefsky</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000001996-04-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 12, 1996</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000001997-03-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 18, 1997</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="7003174400000000000♠"></span>4 years, 283 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001997-03-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 18, 1997</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2001</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoellick,_Robert_(official_portrait_2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Zoellick%2C_Robert_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg/75px-Zoellick%2C_Robert_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Zoellick%2C_Robert_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg/113px-Zoellick%2C_Robert_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Zoellick%2C_Robert_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg/150px-Zoellick%2C_Robert_%28official_portrait_2008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2850" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Zoellick, Robert"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zoellick" title="Robert Zoellick">Robert Zoellick</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-02-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 7, 2001</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002005-02-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 22, 2005</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003147600000000000♠"></span>4 years, 15 days </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td rowspan="4"><span data-sort-value="Bush, George W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></span></span></span><br />(2001–2009) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;">— </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Allgeier_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2205" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="Allgeier, Peter"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Allgeier" title="Peter Allgeier">Peter Allgeier</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002005-02-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 23, 2005</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002005-05-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 16, 2005</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="7002113000000000000♠"></span>113 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rob_Portman_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rob_Portman_official_photo.jpg/75px-Rob_Portman_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rob_Portman_official_photo.jpg/113px-Rob_Portman_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rob_Portman_official_photo.jpg/150px-Rob_Portman_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="280" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Portman, Rob"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman">Rob Portman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002005-05-17-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 17, 2005</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002006-05-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 29, 2006</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002377000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 12 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan_Schwab,_USTR_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Susan_Schwab%2C_USTR_official_photo.jpg/75px-Susan_Schwab%2C_USTR_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Susan_Schwab%2C_USTR_official_photo.jpg/113px-Susan_Schwab%2C_USTR_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Susan_Schwab%2C_USTR_official_photo.jpg/150px-Susan_Schwab%2C_USTR_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="314" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Schwab, Susan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Schwab" title="Susan Schwab">Susan Schwab</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002006-06-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 8, 2006</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002009-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2009</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002927000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 196 days </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;">— </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Allgeier_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Peter_Allgeier_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2205" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="Allgeier, Peter"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Allgeier" title="Peter Allgeier">Peter Allgeier</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002009-01-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 21, 2009</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002009-03-17-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 17, 2009</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="7001550000000000000♠"></span>55 days </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td rowspan="5"><span data-sort-value="Obama, Barack"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></span></span></span><br />(2009–2017) </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg/75px-Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg/113px-Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="3640" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kirk, Ron"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Kirk" title="Ron Kirk">Ron Kirk</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002009-03-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 18, 2009</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 15, 2013</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003145800000000000♠"></span>3 years, 362 days </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;">— </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DemetriosMarantis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/DemetriosMarantis.jpg/75px-DemetriosMarantis.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/DemetriosMarantis.jpg/113px-DemetriosMarantis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/DemetriosMarantis.jpg/150px-DemetriosMarantis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="Marantis, Demetrios"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Marantis" title="Demetrios Marantis">Demetrios Marantis</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002013-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 15, 2013</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002013-05-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 23, 2013</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠"></span>100 days </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;">— </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miriam_Sapiro_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Miriam_Sapiro_official_portrait.jpg/75px-Miriam_Sapiro_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Miriam_Sapiro_official_portrait.jpg/113px-Miriam_Sapiro_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Miriam_Sapiro_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Miriam_Sapiro_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="448" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="Sapiro, Miriam"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Sapiro" title="Miriam Sapiro">Miriam Sapiro</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002013-05-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 23, 2013</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002013-06-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 21, 2013</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="7001280000000000000♠"></span>28 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Froman_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Michael_Froman_official_portrait.jpg/75px-Michael_Froman_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Michael_Froman_official_portrait.jpg/113px-Michael_Froman_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Michael_Froman_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Michael_Froman_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1940" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Froman, Michael"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Froman" title="Michael Froman">Michael Froman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-06-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 21, 2013</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2017</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003130900000000000♠"></span>3 years, 213 days </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;">— </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n,_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1598" data-file-height="1955" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="Pagan, Maria"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pagan" title="Maria Pagan">Maria Pagan</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002017-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2017</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002017-03-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 1, 2017</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="7001400000000000000♠"></span>40 days </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="Trump, Donald"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></span></span></span><br />(2017–2021) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;">— </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_P._Vaughn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Stephen_P._Vaughn.png/75px-Stephen_P._Vaughn.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Stephen_P._Vaughn.png/113px-Stephen_P._Vaughn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Stephen_P._Vaughn.png/150px-Stephen_P._Vaughn.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="408" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="Vaughn, Stephen"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Vaughn" title="Stephen Vaughn">Stephen Vaughn</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002017-03-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 2, 2017</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002017-05-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 15, 2017</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="7001740000000000000♠"></span>74 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_E._Lighthizer_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Robert_E._Lighthizer_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Robert_E._Lighthizer_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Robert_E._Lighthizer_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Robert_E._Lighthizer_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Robert_E._Lighthizer_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Robert_E._Lighthizer_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1738" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Lighthizer, Robert"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lighthizer" title="Robert Lighthizer">Robert Lighthizer</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-05-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 15, 2017</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2021</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003134600000000000♠"></span>3 years, 250 days </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;">— </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n,_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Mar%C3%ADa_L._Pag%C3%A1n%2C_Deputy_U.S._Trade_Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1598" data-file-height="1955" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="Pagan, Maria"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pagan" title="Maria Pagan">Maria Pagan</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002021-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2021</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002021-03-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 18, 2021</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="7001570000000000000♠"></span>57 days </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Biden, Joe"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></span></span></span><br />(2021–2025) </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Katherine_Tai,_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg/80px-Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg/120px-Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg/160px-Katherine_Tai%2C_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Tai, Katherine"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Katherine Tai</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-03-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 18, 2021</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002025-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2025</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003140400000000000♠"></span>3 years, 308 days </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;">— </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/75px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/113px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/150px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="Millán, Juan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Mill%C3%A1n_(government_official)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Millán (government official) (page does not exist)">Juan Millán</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002025-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2025</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="000000002025-02-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 27, 2025</span> </td> <td style="background: #E6E6AA;"><span data-sort-value="7001380000000000000♠"></span>38 days </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Trump, Donald"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></span></span></span><br />(2025–present) </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamieson_Greer_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jamieson_Greer_2018.jpg/73px-Jamieson_Greer_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jamieson_Greer_2018.jpg/110px-Jamieson_Greer_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jamieson_Greer_2018.jpg/147px-Jamieson_Greer_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Greer, Jamieson"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jamieson_Greer" title="Jamieson Greer">Jamieson Greer</a></span></span></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002025-02-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 27, 2025</span> </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001110000000000000♠"></span>11 days </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Administration" title="International Trade Administration">International Trade Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_International_Trade_Commission" title="United States International Trade Commission">United States International Trade Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Commercial_Service" title="United States Commercial Service">United States Commercial Service</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ustr.gov/about-us/about-ustr">"Mission of the USTR | United States Trade Representative"</a>. <i>ustr.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ustr.gov&rft.atitle=Mission+of+the+USTR+%7C+United+States+Trade+Representative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fustr.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fabout-ustr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/15/2002.0">"15 CFR § 2002.0 - Trade Policy Committee"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+CFR+%C2%A7+2002.0+-+Trade+Policy+Committee.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fcfr%2Ftext%2F15%2F2002.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/15/2002.1">"15 CFR § 2002.1 - Trade Policy Committee Review Group"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+CFR+%C2%A7+2002.1+-+Trade+Policy+Committee+Review+Group.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fcfr%2Ftext%2F15%2F2002.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/15/2002.2">"15 CFR § 2002.2 - Trade Policy Staff Committee"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+CFR+%C2%A7+2002.2+-+Trade+Policy+Staff+Committee.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fcfr%2Ftext%2F15%2F2002.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-taps-penny-pritzker-mike-froman-for-top-economic-jobs/">Obama taps Penny Pritzker, Mike Froman for top economic jobs</a> . CBS News (2013-05-02). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClaussen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Claussen, Kathleen (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/indjglolegstu.24.2.0345">"Trading Spaces: The Changing Role of the Executive in U.S. Trade Lawmaking"</a>. <i>Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies</i>. <b>24</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">345–</span>368. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Findjglolegstu.24.2.0345">10.2979/indjglolegstu.24.2.0345</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1080-0727">1080-0727</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/indjglolegstu.24.2.0345">10.2979/indjglolegstu.24.2.0345</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158184598">158184598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Journal+of+Global+Legal+Studies&rft.atitle=Trading+Spaces%3A+The+Changing+Role+of+the+Executive+in+U.S.+Trade+Lawmaking&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E345-%3C%2Fspan%3E368&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=1080-0727&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158184598%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Findjglolegstu.24.2.0345%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Findjglolegstu.24.2.0345&rft.aulast=Claussen&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Findjglolegstu.24.2.0345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Trade Policy Functions: Who Does What? (2020). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/IF11016.pdf">https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/IF11016.pdf</a> on 2021-01-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ustr.gov/issue-areas">"Issue Areas | United States Trade Representative"</a>. <i>ustr.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ustr.gov&rft.atitle=Issue+Areas+%7C+United+States+Trade+Representative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fustr.gov%2Fissue-areas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReportsAndPublications-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReportsAndPublications_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReportsAndPublications_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" class="citation web cs1">Office of the United States Trade Representative. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111171101/http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/reports-and-publications">"Reports and Publications"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/reports-and-publications">the original</a> on November 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reports+and+Publications&rft.au=Office+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ustr.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fpress-office%2Freports-and-publications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMasterson2004" class="citation book cs1">Masterson, John T. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BIA9w-89SYcC"><i>International trademarks and copyright: enforcement and management</i></a>. American Bar Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59031-359-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59031-359-6"><bdi>978-1-59031-359-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+trademarks+and+copyright%3A+enforcement+and+management&rft.pub=American+Bar+Association&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59031-359-6&rft.aulast=Masterson&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBIA9w-89SYcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMasterson2004" class="citation book cs1">Masterson, John T. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BIA9w-89SYcC"><i>International trademarks and copyright: enforcement and management</i></a>. American Bar Association. pp. <span class="nowrap">18–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59031-359-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59031-359-6"><bdi>978-1-59031-359-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+trademarks+and+copyright%3A+enforcement+and+management&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.pub=American+Bar+Association&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59031-359-6&rft.aulast=Masterson&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBIA9w-89SYcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2022/february/ustr-releases-2021-review-notorious-markets-counterfeiting-and-piracy">"USTR Releases 2021 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy"</a>. <i>United States Trade Representative</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Trade+Representative&rft.atitle=USTR+Releases+2021+Review+of+Notorious+Markets+for+Counterfeiting+and+Piracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fustr.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fpolicy-offices%2Fpress-office%2Fpress-releases%2F2022%2Ffebruary%2Fustr-releases-2021-review-notorious-markets-counterfeiting-and-piracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_J._Gilbert" title="Carl J. Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Denman_Eberle" title="William Denman Eberle">Eberle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_B._Dent" title="Frederick B. Dent">Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reubin_Askew" title="Reubin Askew">Askew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Brock" title="Bill Brock">Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Yeutter" title="Clayton Yeutter">Yeutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Kantor" title="Mickey Kantor">Kantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Barshefsky" title="Charlene Barshefsky">Barshefsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zoellick" title="Robert Zoellick">Zoellick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman">Portman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Schwab" title="Susan Schwab">Schwab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Kirk" title="Ron Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Froman" title="Michael Froman">Froman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lighthizer" title="Robert Lighthizer">Lighthizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamieson_Greer" title="Jamieson Greer">Greer</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the Presidential Executive Council"><img alt="Seal of the Presidential Executive Council" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg/55px-US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg/83px-US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg/110px-US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574977#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1337" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574977#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1337" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574977#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123698999">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/136571470">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/546427/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4405034-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States. 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