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solid waste</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: municipal solid waste"> <meta name="keywords" content="municipal solid waste"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="municipal solid waste"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1393</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: municipal solid waste</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1393</span> Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Baghdad, Iraq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ayad%20Sleibi%20Mustafa">Ayad Sleibi Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Abdulkadhim%20Mohsin"> Ahmed Abdulkadhim Mohsin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Layth%20Noori%20Ali"> Layth Noori Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The deterioration of solid waste management in Baghdad city is considered as a great challenge in terms of human health and environment. Baghdad city is divided into thirteen districts which are distributed on both Tigris River banks. The west bank is Al-Karkh and the east bank is Al-Rusafa. Municipal Solid Waste Management is one of the most complicated problems facing the environment in Iraq. Population growth led to increase waste production and more load of the waste to the limited capacity infrastructure. The problems of municipal solid waste become more serious after the war in 2003. More waste is disposed in underground landfills in Baghdad with little or no concern for both human health and environment. The results showed that the total annually predicted solid waste is increasing for the period 2015-2030. Municipal solid waste in 2030 will be 6,427,773 tons in Baghdad city according to the population growth rate of 2.4%. This increase is estimated to be approximately 30%.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Municipal%20solid%20waste" title="Municipal solid waste">Municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20waste%20composition%20and%20characteristics" title=" solid waste composition and characteristics"> solid waste composition and characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baghdad%20city" title=" Baghdad city"> Baghdad city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=human%20health." title=" human health."> human health.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/management-of-municipal-solid-waste-in-baghdad-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1392</span> Municipal Solid Waste: Pre-Treatment Options and Benefits on Landfill Emissions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bakare%20Babatunde%20Femi">Bakare Babatunde Femi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Municipal solid waste (MSW) comprises of a wide range of heterogeneous materials generated by individual, household or organization and may include food waste, garden wastes, papers, textiles, rubbers, plastics, glass, ceramics, metals, wood wastes, construction wastes but it is not limited to the above mentioned fractions. The most common Municipal Solid Waste pretreatment method in use is thermal pretreatment (incineration) and Mechanical Biological pretreatment. This paper presents an overview of these two pretreatment methods describing their benefits and laboratory scale reactors that simulate landfill conditions were constructed in order to compare emissions in terms of biogas production and leachate contamination between untreated Municipal Solid Waste and Mechanical Biological Pretreated waste. The findings of this study showed that Mechanical Biological pretreatment of waste reduces the emission level of waste and the benefit over the landfilling of untreated waste is significant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emissions" title="emissions">emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mechanical%20biological%20pretreatment" title=" mechanical biological pretreatment"> mechanical biological pretreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MSW" title=" MSW"> MSW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20pretreatment" title=" thermal pretreatment"> thermal pretreatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/municipal-solid-waste-pre-treatment-options-and-benefits-on-landfill-emissions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11410.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2914</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1391</span> Municipal Solid Waste Management Problems in Nigeria: Evolving Knowledge Management Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Beatrice%20Abila">Beatrice Abila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jussi%20Kantola"> Jussi Kantola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper attempts a synthesis of problems relating to municipal waste management in Nigeria and proposes a conceptual knowledge management approach for tackling municipal waste problems in cities across Nigeria. The application of knowledge management approach and strategy is crucial for inculcating a change of attitude towards improving the management of waste. The paper is a review of existing literatures, information, policies and data on municipal waste management in Nigeria. The inefficient management of waste by individuals, households, consumers and waste management companies can be attributed to inadequate information on waste management benefits, lack of producers- involvement in waste management as well as poor implementation of government policies. The paper presents an alternative approach providing solutions promoting efficient municipal waste management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Environment" title="Environment">Environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Knowledge%20management" title=" Knowledge management"> Knowledge management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Municipal%20waste%20management" title=" Municipal waste management"> Municipal waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nigeria." title=" Nigeria."> Nigeria.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/municipal-solid-waste-management-problems-in-nigeria-evolving-knowledge-management-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1390</span> Municipal Solid Waste Management in KhoramAbad City and Experiences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Jafari">Ali Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hatam%20Godini"> Hatam Godini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saed%20Hamed%20Mirhousaini"> Saed Hamed Mirhousaini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an overview of current municipal solid waste management in Khoram Abad city. According to data collected by the local authorities, the waste generation rate is estimated to be 800 g/cap.d with density of 243 kg/m3. Solid waste is stored in different types of containers at the source of generation in different areas of the city. Local Authority is responsible for waste collection, transportation. Municipality is responsible for waste collection, using private sector contracts. At present, both mechanical and manual methods are used to collect residential waste. Manual methods of collection are the most commonly used for waste collection in most parts of the city. Land filling is the main disposal method in this city. But it has some obvious problem and deficiencies The current state of solid waste management has been improved slightly in the last decade. By more actions can reduce the human and environmental risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Disposal" title="Disposal">Disposal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Landfill" title=" Landfill"> Landfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20waste." title=" solid waste."> solid waste.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/municipal-solid-waste-management-in-khoramabad-city-and-experiences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2021</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1389</span> Comprehensive Characteristics of the Municipal Solid Waste Generated in the Faculty of Engineering, UKM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Salsabili">A. Salsabili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.Aghajani%20Mir"> M.Aghajani Mir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.Saheri"> S.Saheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noor%20Ezlin%20Ahmad%20Basri"> Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aims in this research are to study the solid waste generation in the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment in the UKM and at the same time to determine composition and some of the waste characteristics likewise: moisture content, density, pH and C/N ratio. For this purpose multiple campaigns were conducted to collect the wastes produced in all hostels, faculties, offices and so on, during 24th of February till 2nd of March 2009, measure and investigate them with regard to both physical and chemical characteristics leading to highlight the necessary management policies. Research locations are Faculty of Engineering and the Canteen nearby that. From the result gained, the most suitable solid waste management solution will be proposed to UKM. The average solid waste generation rate in UKM is 203.38 kg/day. The composition of solid waste generated are glass, plastic, metal, aluminum, organic and inorganic waste and others waste. From the laboratory result, the average moisture content, density, pH and C/N ratio values from the solid waste generated are 49.74%, 165.1 kg/m3, 5.3, and 7:1 respectively. Since, the food waste (organic waste) were the most dominant component, around 62% from the total waste generated hence, the most suitable solid waste management solution is composting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solid%20Waste" title="Solid Waste">Solid Waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Waste%20Management" title=" Waste Management"> Waste Management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Characterizationand%20Composition" title=" Characterizationand Composition"> Characterizationand Composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/comprehensive-characteristics-of-the-municipal-solid-waste-generated-in-the-faculty-of-engineering-ukm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3596</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1388</span> Solid Waste Management Challenges and Possible Solution in Kabul City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ghulam%20Haider%20Haidaree">Ghulam Haider Haidaree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nsenda%20Lukumwena"> Nsenda Lukumwena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Most developing nations face energy production and supply problems. This is also the case of Afghanistan whose generating capacity does not meet its energy demand. This is due in part to high security and risk caused by war which deters foreign investments and insufficient internal revenue. To address the issue above, this paper would like to suggest an alternative and affordable way to deal with the energy problem. That is by converting Solid Waste to energy. As a result, this approach tackles the municipal solid waste issue (potential cause of several diseases), contributes to the improvement of the quality of life, local economy, and so on. While addressing the solid waste problem in general, this paper samples specifically one municipality which is District-12, one of the 22 districts of Kabul city. Using geographic information system (GIS) technology, District-12 is divided into nine different zones whose municipal solid waste is respectively collected, processed, and converted into electricity and distributed to the closest area. It is important to mention that GIS has been used to estimate the amount of electricity to be distributed and to optimally position the production plant.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy%20problem" title="Energy problem">Energy problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=estimation%20of%20electricity" title=" estimation of electricity"> estimation of electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GIS%20zones" title=" GIS zones"> GIS zones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20waste%20management%20system." title=" solid waste management system."> solid waste management system.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/solid-waste-management-challenges-and-possible-solution-in-kabul-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1705</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1387</span> Method of Estimating Absolute Entropy of Municipal Solid Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Francis%20Chinweuba%20Eboh">Francis Chinweuba Eboh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peter%20Ahlstr%C3%B6m"> Peter Ahlström</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tobias%20Richards"> Tobias Richards</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Entropy, as an outcome of the second law of thermodynamics, measures the level of irreversibility associated with any process. The identification and reduction of irreversibility in the energy conversion process helps to improve the efficiency of the system. The entropy of pure substances known as absolute entropy is determined at an absolute reference point and is useful in the thermodynamic analysis of chemical reactions; however, municipal solid waste (MSW) is a structurally complicated material with unknown absolute entropy. In this work, an empirical model to calculate the absolute entropy of MSW based on the content of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and chlorine on a dry ash free basis (daf) is presented. The proposed model was derived from 117 relevant organic substances which represent the main constituents in MSW with known standard entropies using statistical analysis. The substances were divided into different waste fractions; namely, food, wood/paper, textiles/rubber and plastics waste and the standard entropies of each waste fraction and for the complete mixture were calculated. The correlation of the standard entropy of the complete waste mixture derived was found to be s<sup>o</sup><strong><sub>msw</sub></strong>= 0.0101C + 0.0630H + 0.0106O + 0.0108N + 0.0155S + 0.0084Cl (kJ.K<sup>-1</sup>.kg) and the present correlation can be used for estimating the absolute entropy of MSW by using the elemental compositions of the fuel within the range of 10.3% <strong>≤</strong> C <strong>≤ </strong>95.1%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> H <strong>≤</strong> 14.3%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> O <strong>≤</strong> 71.1%, 0.0 <strong>≤</strong> N <strong>≤</strong> 66.7%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> S <strong>≤</strong> 42.1%, 0.0% <strong>≤</strong> Cl <strong>≤</strong> 89.7%. The model is also applicable for the efficient modelling of a combustion system in a waste-to-energy plant.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Absolute%20entropy" title="Absolute entropy">Absolute entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=irreversibility" title=" irreversibility"> irreversibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste-to-energy." title=" waste-to-energy."> waste-to-energy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/method-of-estimating-absolute-entropy-of-municipal-solid-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1840</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1386</span> The Household Behavior on Solid Waste and Wastewater Management in Municipal Area with Cleanliness Policy Determined by Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paiboon%20Jeamponk">Paiboon Jeamponk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Bangnanglee Sub-district Administrative Office, Thailand had initiated a policy to environmental protection with encouraging household waste management in order to promote civil responsibility for domestic hygienic. This research studied the household behaviors on solid waste and wastewater management. A sample population of 306 families answered a questionnaire. The study showed that, on average, domestic activities had produced 1.93 kilograms of waste per household per day. It has been found that 79% of the households made several attempts to reduce their own amount of waste. 80% of the households stationed their own garbage bins. 71% managed their waste by selling recyclable products. As for the rest of the waste, 51% burned them, while 29% disposed their waste in the nearby public trashcans and other 13% have them buried. As for wastewater, 60% of the households disposed it into the sewage, whereas 30% disposed them right from their elevated house. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Environmental%20integrated%20management" title="Environmental integrated management">Environmental integrated management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmental%20protection" title=" environmental protection"> environmental protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=household%20waste%20management." title=" household waste management."> household waste management.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/the-household-behavior-on-solid-waste-and-wastewater-management-in-municipal-area-with-cleanliness-policy-determined-by-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1385</span> Municipal Solid Waste Management Using Life Cycle Assessment Approach: Case Study of Maku City, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Heidari">L. Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Jalili%20Ghazizade"> M. Jalili Ghazizade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper aims to determine the best environmental and economic scenario for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management of the Maku city by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The functional elements of this study are collection, transportation, and disposal of MSW in Maku city. Waste composition and density, as two key parameters of MSW, have been determined by field sampling, and then, the other important specifications of MSW like chemical formula, thermal energy and water content were calculated. These data beside other information related to collection and disposal facilities are used as a reliable source of data to assess the environmental impacts of different waste management options, including landfills, composting, recycling and energy recovery. The environmental impact of MSW management options has been investigated in 15 different scenarios by Integrated Waste Management (IWM) software. The photochemical smog, greenhouse gases, acid gases, toxic emissions, and energy consumption of each scenario are measured. Then, the environmental indices of each scenario are specified by weighting these parameters. Economic costs of scenarios have been also compared with each other based on literature. As final result, since the organic materials make more than 80% of the waste, compost can be a suitable method. Although the major part of the remaining 20% of waste can be recycled, due to the high cost of necessary equipment, the landfill option has been suggested. Therefore, the scenario with 80% composting and 20% landfilling is selected as superior environmental and economic scenario. This study shows that, to select a scenario with practical applications, simultaneously environmental and economic aspects of different scenarios must be considered.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IWM%20software" title="IWM software">IWM software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maku" title=" Maku"> Maku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste%20management." title=" municipal solid waste management."> municipal solid waste management.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/municipal-solid-waste-management-using-life-cycle-assessment-approach-case-study-of-maku-city-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1384</span> Alternative Approach toward Waste Treatment: Biodrying for Solid Waste in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%27%20Ain%20Ab%20Jalil">Nurul' Ain Ab Jalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hassan%20Basri"> Hassan Basri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper reviews the objectives, methods and results of previous studies on biodrying of solid waste in several countries. Biodrying of solid waste is a novel technology in developing countries such as in Malaysia where high moisture content in organic waste makes the segregation process for recycling purposes complicated and diminishes the calorific value for the use of fuel source. In addition, the high moisture content also encourages the breeding of vectors and disease-bearing animals. From the laboratory results, the average moisture content of organic waste, paper, plastics and metals are 58.17%, 37.93%, 29.79% and 1.03% respectively for UKM campus. Biodrying of solid waste is a simple method of waste treatment as well as a cost-efficient technology to dry the solid waste. The process depends on temperature monitoring and air flow control along with the natural biodegradable process of organic waste. This review shows that the biodrying of solid waste method has high potential in treatment and recycling of solid waste, be useful for biodrying study and implementation in Malaysia.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biodrying%20of%20solid%20waste" title="Biodrying of solid waste">Biodrying of solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Organic%20waste" title=" Organic waste"> Organic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuel%20source." title=" Fuel source."> Fuel source.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/alternative-approach-toward-waste-treatment-biodrying-for-solid-waste-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1978</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1383</span> Eco-Agriculture for Effective Solid Waste Management in Minna, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Abdulkadir">A. Abdulkadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20M.%20Bello"> Y. M. Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20A.%20Okhimamhe"> A. A. Okhimamhe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Ibrahim"> H. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20B.%20Matazu"> M. B. Matazu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20S.%20Barau"> L. S. Barau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing volume of solid waste generated, collected and disposed daily complicate adequate management of solid waste by relevant agency like Niger State Environmental Protection Agency (NISEPA). In addition, the impacts of solid waste on the natural environment and human livelihood require identification of cost-effective ways for sustainable municipal waste management in Nigeria. These signal the need for identifying environment-friendly initiative and local solution to address the problem of municipal solid waste. A research field was secured at Pago, Minna, Niger State which is located in the guinea savanna belt of Nigeria, within longitude 60 361 4311 - 4511 and latitude 90 291 37.6111 - .6211 N. Poultry droppings, decomposed household waste manure and NPK treatments were used. The experimental field was divided into three replications and four (4) treatments on each replication making a total of twelve (12) plots. The treatments were allotted using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and Data collected was analyzed using SPSS software and RCBD. The result depicts variation in plant height and number of leaves at 50% flowering; Poultry dropping records the highest height while the number of leaves for waste manure competes fairly well with NPK treatment. Similarly, the varying treatments significantly increase vegetable yield, as the control (non-treatment) records the least yield for the three vegetable samples. Adoption of this organic manure for cultivation does not only enhance environment quality and attainment of food security but will contribute to local economic development, poverty alleviation as well as social inclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Environmental%20issues" title="Environmental issues">Environmental issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NISEPA" title=" NISEPA"> NISEPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%0D%0Awaste." title=" solid waste."> solid waste.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/eco-agriculture-for-effective-solid-waste-management-in-minna-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1382</span> Analyzing Irbid’s Food Waste as Feedstock for Anaerobic Digestion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Assal%20E.%20Haddad">Assal E. Haddad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Food waste samples from Irbid were collected from 5 different sources for 12 weeks to characterize their composition in terms of four food categories; rice, meat, fruits and vegetables, and bread. Average food type compositions were 39% rice, 6% meat, 34% fruits and vegetables, and 23% bread. Methane yield was also measured for all food types and was found to be 362, 499, 352, and 375 mL/g VS for rice, meat, fruits and vegetables, and bread, respectively. A representative food waste sample was created to test the actual methane yield and compare it to calculated one. Actual methane yield (414 mL/g VS) was greater than the calculated value (377 mL/g VS) based on food type proportions and their specific methane yield. This study emphasizes the effect of the types of food and their proportions in food waste on the final biogas production. Findings in this study provide representative methane emission factors for Irbid’s food waste, which represent as high as 68% of total Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Irbid, and also indicate the energy and economic value within the solid waste stream in Irbid.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Food%20waste" title="Food waste">Food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20waste%20management" title=" solid waste management"> solid waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title=" anaerobic digestion"> anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=methane%20yield." title=" methane yield. "> methane yield. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/analyzing-irbids-food-waste-as-feedstock-for-anaerobic-digestion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">823</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1381</span> Quantification of Methane Emissions from Solid Waste in Oman Using IPCC Default Methodology </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wajeeha%20A.%20Qazi">Wajeeha A. Qazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed-Hasham%20Azam"> Mohammed-Hasham Azam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Umais%20A.%20Mehmood"> Umais A. Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ghithaa%20A.%20Al-Mufragi"> Ghithaa A. Al-Mufragi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noor-Alhuda%20Alrawahi"> Noor-Alhuda Alrawahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20F.%20M.%20Abushammala"> Mohammed F. M. Abushammala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposed in landfill sites decompose under anaerobic conditions and produce gases which mainly contain carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). Methane has the potential of causing global warming 25 times more than CO<sub>2</sub>, and can potentially affect human life and environment. Thus, this research aims to determine MSW generation and the annual CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from the generated waste in Oman over the years 1971-2030. The estimation of total waste generation was performed using existing models, while the CH<sub>4</sub> emissions estimation was performed using the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) default method. It is found that total MSW generation in Oman might be reached 3,089 Gg in the year 2030, which approximately produced 85 Gg of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in the year 2030.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Methane" title="Methane">Methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emissions" title=" emissions"> emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=landfills" title=" landfills"> landfills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20waste." title=" solid waste."> solid waste.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/quantification-of-methane-emissions-from-solid-waste-in-oman-using-ipcc-default-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1380</span> CFD Study on the Effect of Primary Air on Combustion of Simulated MSW Process in the Fixed Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rui%20Sun">Rui Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tamer%20M.%20Ismail"> Tamer M. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiaohan%20Ren"> Xiaohan Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Abd%20El-Salam"> M. Abd El-Salam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the key scopes in the global clean energy strategy. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established in order to reveal these features of the combustion process in a fixed porous bed of MSW. Transporting equations and process rate equations of the waste bed were modeled and set up to describe the incineration process, according to the local thermal conditions and waste property characters. Gas phase turbulence was modeled using k-ε turbulent model and the particle phase was modeled using the kinetic theory of granular flow. The heterogeneous reaction rates were determined using Arrhenius eddy dissipation and the Arrhenius-diffusion reaction rates. The effects of primary air flow rate and temperature in the burning process of simulated MSW are investigated experimentally and numerically. The simulation results in bed are accordant with experimental data well. The model provides detailed information on burning processes in the fixed bed, which is otherwise very difficult to obtain by conventional experimental techniques.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computational%20Fluid%20Dynamics%20%28CFD%29%20model" title="Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model">Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Waste%0D%0AIncineration" title=" Waste Incineration"> Waste Incineration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Municipal%20Solid%20Waste%20%28MSW%29" title=" Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)"> Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fixed%20Bed" title=" Fixed Bed"> Fixed Bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Primary%20air." title=" Primary air."> Primary air.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/cfd-study-on-the-effect-of-primary-air-on-combustion-of-simulated-msw-process-in-the-fixed-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2718</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1379</span> Waste Management in a Hot Laboratory of Japan Atomic Energy Agency – 3: Volume Reduction and Stabilization of Solid Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Masaumi%20Nakahara">Masaumi Nakahara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sou%20Watanabe"> Sou Watanabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hiromichi%20Ogi"> Hiromichi Ogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atsuhiro%20Shibata"> Atsuhiro Shibata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kazunori%20Nomura"> Kazunori Nomura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, three types of experimental research, advanced reactor fuel reprocessing, radioactive waste disposal, and nuclear fuel cycle technology, have been carried out at the Chemical Processing Facility. The facility has generated high level radioactive liquid and solid wastes in hot cells. The high level radioactive solid waste is divided into three main categories, a flammable waste, a non-flammable waste, and a solid reagent waste. A plastic product is categorized into the flammable waste and molten with a heating mantle. The non-flammable waste is cut with a band saw machine for reducing the volume. Among the solid reagent waste, a used adsorbent after the experiments is heated, and an extractant is decomposed for its stabilization. All high level radioactive solid wastes in the hot cells are packed in a high level radioactive solid waste can. The high level radioactive solid waste can is transported to the 2nd High Active Solid Waste Storage in the Tokai Reprocessing Plant in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20level%20radioactive%20solid%20waste" title="High level radioactive solid waste">High level radioactive solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=advanced%20reactor%20fuel%20reprocessing" title=" advanced reactor fuel reprocessing"> advanced reactor fuel reprocessing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=radioactive%20waste%20disposal" title=" radioactive waste disposal"> radioactive waste disposal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nuclear%20fuel%20cycle%20technology." title=" nuclear fuel cycle technology."> nuclear fuel cycle technology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/waste-management-in-a-hot-laboratory-of-japan-atomic-energy-agency-3-volume-reduction-and-stabilization-of-solid-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">922</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1378</span> Reduce of Fermentation Time in Composting Process by Using a Special Microbial Consortium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.H.%20Mirdamadian">S.H. Mirdamadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.M.%20Khayam-Nekoui"> S.M. Khayam-Nekoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Ghanavati"> H. Ghanavati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Composting is the process in which municipal solid waste (MSW) and other organic waste materials such as biosolids and manures are decomposed through the action of bacteria and other microorganisms into a stable granular material which, applied to land, as soil conditioner. Microorganisms, especially those that are able to degrade polymeric organic material have a key role in speed up this process. The aim of this study has been established to isolation of microorganisms with high ability to production extracellular enzymes for degradation of natural polymers that are exists in MSW for decreasing time of degradation phase. Our experimental study for isolation designed in two phases: in first phase we isolated degrading microorganism with selected media that consist a special natural polymer such as cellulose, starch, lipids and etc as sole source of carbon. In second phase we selected microorganism that had high degrading enzyme production with enzymatic assay for seed production. However, our findings in pilot scale have indicated that usage of this microbial consortium had high efficiency for decreasing degradation phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Compost" title=" Compost"> Compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Municipal%20Solid%20Waste" title=" Municipal Solid Waste"> Municipal Solid Waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Waste%20Management." title="Waste Management.">Waste Management.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/reduce-of-fermentation-time-in-composting-process-by-using-a-special-microbial-consortium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1377</span> Solid Waste Management in Steel Industry - Challenges and Opportunities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sushovan%20Sarkar">Sushovan Sarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Debabrata%20Mazumder"> Debabrata Mazumder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Solid waste management in steel industry is broadly classified in “4 Rs” i.e. reduce, reuse, recycle and restore the materials. Reuse and recycling the entire solid waste generated in the process of steel making is a viable solution in targeting a clean, green and zero waste technology leading to sustainable development of the steel industry. Solid waste management has gained importance in steel industry in view of its uncertainty, volatility and speculation due to world competitive standards, rising input costs, scarcity of raw materials and solid waste generated like in other sectors. The challenges that the steel Industry faces today are the requirement of a sustainable development by meeting the needs of our present generation without compromising the ability of future generations. Technologies are developed not only for gainful utilization of solid wastes in manufacture of conventional products but also for conversion of same in to completely new products.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reuse" title="Reuse">Reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=recycle" title=" recycle"> recycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20waste" title=" solid waste"> solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainable%0D%0Adevelopment." title=" sustainable development."> sustainable development.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/solid-waste-management-in-steel-industry-challenges-and-opportunities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1376</span> Optimal Planning of Waste-to-Energy through Mixed Integer Linear Programming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20T.%20Tan">S. T. Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Hashim"> H. Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20S.%20Ho"> W. S. Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20T.%20Lee"> C. T. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid economic development and population growth in Malaysia had accelerated the generation of solid waste. This issue gives pressure for effective management of municipal solid waste (MSW) to take place in Malaysia due to the increased cost of landfill. This paper discusses optimal planning of waste-to-energy (WTE) using a combinatorial simulation and optimization model through mixed integer linear programming (MILP) approach. The proposed multi-period model is tested in Iskandar Malaysia (IM) as case study for a period of 12 years (2011 -2025) to illustrate the economic potential and tradeoffs involved in this study. In this paper, 3 scenarios have been used to demonstrate the applicability of the model: (1) Incineration scenario (2) Landfill scenario (3) Optimal scenario. The model revealed that the minimum cost of electricity generation from 9,995,855 tonnes of MSW is estimated as USD 387million with a total electricity generation of 50MW /yr in the optimal scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mixed%20Integer%20Linear%20Programming%20%28MILP%29" title="Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)">Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20waste%20management%20%28SWM%29" title=" solid waste management (SWM)"> solid waste management (SWM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Waste-to-energy%20%28WTE%29." title=" Waste-to-energy (WTE)."> Waste-to-energy (WTE).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/optimal-planning-of-waste-to-energy-through-mixed-integer-linear-programming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2987</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1375</span> Simulation of a Process Design Model for Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Wastes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asok%20Adak">Asok Adak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Debabrata%20Mazumder"> Debabrata Mazumder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pratip%20Bandyopadhyay"> Pratip Bandyopadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anaerobic Digestion has become a promising technology for biological transformation of organic fraction of the municipal solid wastes (MSW). In order to represent the kinetic behavior of such biological process and thereby to design a reactor system, development of a mathematical model is essential. Addressing this issue, a simplistic mathematical model has been developed for anaerobic digestion of MSW in a continuous flow reactor unit under homogeneous steady state condition. Upon simulated hydrolysis, the kinetics of biomass growth and substrate utilization rate are assumed to follow first order reaction kinetics. Simulation of this model has been conducted by studying sensitivity of various process variables. The model was simulated using typical kinetic data of anaerobic digestion MSW and typical MSW characteristics of Kolkata. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT) time were mainly estimated by varying different model parameters like efficiency of reactor, influent substrate concentration and biomass concentration. Consequently, design table and charts have also been prepared for ready use in the actual plant operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anaerobic%20digestion" title="Anaerobic digestion">Anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste%20%28MSW%29" title=" municipal solid waste (MSW)"> municipal solid waste (MSW)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=process%20design%20model" title="process design model">process design model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=simulation%20study" title=" simulation study"> simulation study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydraulic%20retention%20time%28HRT%29" title=" hydraulic retention time(HRT)"> hydraulic retention time(HRT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20retention%20time%20%28SRT%29." title=" solid retention time (SRT)."> solid retention time (SRT).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/simulation-of-a-process-design-model-for-anaerobic-digestion-of-municipal-solid-wastes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2685</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1374</span> Optimization of Process Parameters Affecting Biogas Production from Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste via Anaerobic Digestion </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sajeena%20Beevi.%20B">Sajeena Beevi. B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jose%20P.%20P."> Jose P. P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Madhu"> G. Madhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The aim of this study was to obtain the optimal conditions for biogas production from anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) using response surface methodology (RSM). The parameters studied were initial pH, substrate concentration and total organic carbon (TOC). The experimental results showed that the linear model terms of initial pH and substrate concentration and the quadratic model terms of the substrate concentration and TOC had significant individual effect (p < 0.05) on biogas yield. However, there was no interactive effect between these variables (p > 0.05). The highest level of biogas produced was 53.4 L/Kg VS at optimum pH, substrate concentration and total organic carbon of 6.5, 99gTS/L and 20.32 g/L respectively.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anaerobic%20Digestion" title="Anaerobic Digestion">Anaerobic Digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biogas" title=" Biogas"> Biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimization" title=" Optimization"> Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Response%20Surface%20Methodology." title=" Response Surface Methodology."> Response Surface Methodology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/optimization-of-process-parameters-affecting-biogas-production-from-organic-fraction-of-municipal-solid-waste-via-anaerobic-digestion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4774</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1373</span> Innovative Waste Management Practices in Remote Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dolores%20Hidalgo">Dolores Hidalgo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jes%C3%BAs%20M.%20Mart%C3%ADn-Marroqu%C3%ADn"> Jesús M. Martín-Marroquín</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Francisco%20Corona"> Francisco Corona</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Municipal waste consist of a variety of items that are everyday discarded by the population. They are usually collected by municipalities and include waste generated by households, commercial activities (local shops) and public buildings. The composition of municipal waste varies greatly from place to place, being mostly related to levels and patterns of consumption, rates of urbanization, lifestyles, and local or national waste management practices. Each year, a huge amount of resources is consumed in the EU, and according to that, also a huge amount of waste is produced. The environmental problems derived from the management and processing of these waste streams are well known, and include impacts on land, water and air. The situation in remote areas is even worst. Difficult access when climatic conditions are adverse, remoteness of centralized municipal treatment systems or dispersion of the population, are all factors that make remote areas a real municipal waste treatment challenge. Furthermore, the scope of the problem increases significantly because the total lack of awareness of the existing risks in this area together with the poor implementation of advanced culture on waste minimization and recycling responsibly. The aim of this work is to analyze the existing situation in remote areas in reference to the production of municipal waste and evaluate the efficiency of different management alternatives. Ideas for improving waste management in remote areas include, for example: the implementation of self-management systems for the organic fraction; establish door-to-door collection models; promote small-scale treatment facilities or adjust the rates of waste generation thereof.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Door%20to%20door%20collection" title="Door to door collection">Door to door collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=islands" title=" islands"> islands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=isolated%20areas" title=" isolated areas"> isolated areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=municipal%20waste" title=" municipal waste"> municipal waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=remote%20areas" title=" remote areas"> remote areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rural%20communities." title=" rural communities."> rural communities.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/innovative-waste-management-practices-in-remote-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1372</span> Enhancing Landfill Gas Production by Methanogenic Sand Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Sapari">N. Sapari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Mustapha"> S. Mustapha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Jusoh"> H. Jusoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landfill gas, particularly methane is one of the greenhouse gases which contributes to global warming. This paper presents the findings of a study on methane gas production from simulated landfill reactor under saturated conditions. A reactor was constructed to represent a landfill cell of 2.5 m thickness on sandy soil. The reactor was 0.2 m in diameter and 4 m in height. One meter of sand and pebble layer was packed at the bottom of the reactor followed by 2.5 m of solid waste layer and 0.4 m of sand layer as the cover soil. Degradation of waste in the solid waste layer was at acidification stage as indicated by the leachate quality with COD as high as 55,511 mg/L and pH as low as 5.1. However, methanogenic environment was established at the bottom sand layer after one year of operation indicated by pH of 7.2 and methane gas generation. Leachate degradation took place as the leachate moved through the sand layer at an infiltration of rate 0.7 cm/day. This resulted in landfill gas production of 77 mL/day/kg containing 55 to 65% methane. The application of sand layer contributed to the gas production from landfill by an in-situ degradation of leachate in the sand at the bottom of the landfill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gas%20production" title="Gas production">Gas production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=methane" title=" methane"> methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=methanogenic%20sand%20layer" title=" methanogenic sand layer"> methanogenic sand layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=saturated%20landfill" title=" saturated landfill"> saturated landfill</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/enhancing-landfill-gas-production-by-methanogenic-sand-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1649</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1371</span> Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Cement on Soil-Municipal Solid Incineration Fly Ash Mix Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Aouf">G. Aouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Tabbal"> D. Tabbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Sabsabi"> A. Sabsabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Aouf"> R. Aouf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The aim of this study is to assess the viability of utilizing Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash (MSWIFA) with Ordinary Portland cement as soil reinforcement materials for geotechnical engineering applications. A detailed experimental program is carried out followed by analysis of results. Soil samples were prepared by adding cement to MSWIFA-soil mix at different percentages. Then, a series of laboratory tests were performed namely: Sieve analysis, Atterberg limits tests, Unconfined compression test, and Proctor tests. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of adding the cement at different percentages on the unconfined compression strength, maximum dry density (MDD), and optimum moisture content (OMC) of clayey soil-MSWIFA. The variations of admixtures’ contents were 10%, 20%, and 30% for MSWIFA by dry total weight of soil and 10%, 15%, and 20% for Portland cement by dry total weight of the mix. The test results reveal that adding MSWIFA to the soil up to 20% increased the MDD of the mixture and decreased the OMC, then an opposite trend for results were found when the percentage of MSWIFA exceeds 20%. This is due to the low specific gravity of MSWIFA and to the greater water absorption of MSWIFA. The laboratory tests also indicate that the Unconfined Compression Test values were found to be increased for all the mixtures with curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. It is also observed that the cement increased the strength of the finished product of the mix of soil and MSWIFA. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clayey%20soil" title="Clayey soil">Clayey soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Municipal%20Solid%20Waste%20Incineration%20Fly%20Ash" title=" Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash"> Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MSWIFA" title=" MSWIFA"> MSWIFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unconfined%20compression%20strength." title=" unconfined compression strength."> unconfined compression strength.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/experimental-investigation-of-the-influence-of-cement-on-soil-municipal-solid-incineration-fly-ash-mix-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1370</span> Solid Waste Characterization and Recycling Potential in Hawassa University, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hunachew%20B.%20Mengesha">Hunachew B. Mengesha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biruck%20Y.%20Dessalegn"> Biruck Y. Dessalegn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Owing to the dramatic expansion of universities in Ethiopia, understanding the composition and nature of solid waste at the source of generation plays an important role in designing a program for an integrated waste management program. In this study, we report the quantity, quality and recycling potential of the waste generated in the three campuses of the Hawassa University, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 3.5 tons of waste was generated per day in the three campuses of the university. More than 95% of the waste constituents were with potential to be recovered. It was a lesson from the study that there was no source reduction, recycling, composting, proper land filling or incineration practices in-place. The considerably high waste generation associated with the expansion of educational programs in the university appears worthwhile requiring implementation of programs for an integrated solid waste management to minimize health risk to humans and reduce environmental implications as a result of improper handling and disposal of wastes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hawassa%20University" title="Hawassa University">Hawassa University</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=integrated%20solid%20waste%20management" title=" integrated solid waste management"> integrated solid waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solid%20waste%20generation." title=" solid waste generation. "> solid waste generation. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/solid-waste-characterization-and-recycling-potential-in-hawassa-university-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1369</span> Finite Element Modeling of the Mechanical Behavior of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash with the Mohr-Coulomb Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Le%20Ngoc%20Hung">Le Ngoc Hung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abriak%20Nor%20Edine"> Abriak Nor Edine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Binetruy%20Christophe"> Binetruy Christophe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Benzerzour%20Mahfoud"> Benzerzour Mahfoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahrour%20Isam"> Shahrour Isam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Patrice%20Rivard"> Patrice Rivard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bottom ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) can be viewed as a typical granular material because these industrial by-products result from the incineration of various domestic wastes. MSWI bottom ash is mainly used in road engineering in substitution of the traditional natural aggregates. As the characterization of their mechanical behavior is essential in order to use them, specific studies have been led over the past few years. In the first part of this paper, the mechanical behavior of MSWI bottom ash is studied with triaxial tests. After, analysis of the experiment results, the simulation of triaxial tests is carried out by using the software package CESAR-LCPC. As the first approach in modeling of this new class material, the Mohr-Coulomb model was chosen to describe the evolution of material under the influence of external mechanical actions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bottom%20ash" title="Bottom ash">Bottom ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=granular%20material" title=" granular material"> granular material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=triaxial%20test" title=" triaxial test"> triaxial test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mechanical%20behavior" title=" mechanical behavior"> mechanical behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohr-Coulomb%20model" title=" Mohr-Coulomb model"> Mohr-Coulomb model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CESARLCPC." title=" CESARLCPC."> CESARLCPC.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/finite-element-modeling-of-the-mechanical-behavior-of-municipal-solid-waste-incineration-bottom-ash-with-the-mohr-coulomb-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1895</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1368</span> Modeling Decentralized Source-Separation Systems for Urban Waste Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bernard%20J.H.%20Ng">Bernard J.H. Ng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Apostolos%20Giannis"> Apostolos Giannis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Victor%20Chang"> Victor Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rainer%20Stegmann"> Rainer Stegmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jing-Yuan%20Wang"> Jing-Yuan Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Decentralized eco-sanitation system is a promising and sustainable mode comparing to the century-old centralized conventional sanitation system. The decentralized concept relies on an environmentally and economically sound management of water, nutrient and energy fluxes. Source-separation systems for urban waste management collect different solid waste and wastewater streams separately to facilitate the recovery of valuable resources from wastewater (energy, nutrients). A resource recovery centre constituted for 20,000 people will act as the functional unit for the treatment of urban waste of a high-density population community, like Singapore. The decentralized system includes urine treatment, faeces and food waste co-digestion, and horticultural waste and organic fraction of municipal solid waste treatment in composting plants. A design model is developed to estimate the input and output in terms of materials and energy. The inputs of urine (yellow water, YW) and faeces (brown water, BW) are calculated by considering the daily mean production of urine and faeces by humans and the water consumption of no-mix vacuum toilet (0.2 and 1 L flushing water for urine and faeces, respectively). The food waste (FW) production is estimated to be 150 g wet weight/person/day. The YW is collected and discharged by gravity into tank. It was found that two days are required for urine hydrolysis and struvite precipitation. The maximum nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) recovery are 150-266 kg/day and 20-70 kg/day, respectively. In contrast, BW and FW are mixed for co-digestion in a thermophilic acidification tank and later a decentralized/centralized methanogenic reactor is used for biogas production. It is determined that 6.16-15.67 m3/h methane is produced which is equivalent to 0.07-0.19 kWh/ca/day. The digestion residues are treated with horticultural waste and organic fraction of municipal waste in co-composting plants.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ecological%20sanitation" title=" ecological sanitation"> ecological sanitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=material%20flow%0D%0Aanalysis" title=" material flow analysis"> material flow analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=source-separation" title=" source-separation"> source-separation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/modeling-decentralized-source-separation-systems-for-urban-waste-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2925</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1367</span> Study of Solid Waste Landfill Suitability using Regional Screening Method and AHP in Rasht City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20M.%20Monavari">S. M. Monavari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Hoasami"> P. Hoasami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Tajziehchi"> S. Tajziehchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Khorramichokami."> N. Khorramichokami.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The practice of burying the solid waste under the ground is one of the waste disposal methods and dumping is known as an ultimate method in the fastest-growing cities like Rasht city in Iran. Some municipalities select the solid waste landfills without feasibility studies, programming, design and management plans. Therefore, several social and environmental impacts are created by these sites. In this study, the suitability of solid waste landfill in Rasht city, capital of Gilan Province is reviewed using Regional Screening Method (RSM), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results indicated that according to the suitability maps, the value of study site is midsuitable to suitable based on RSM and mid-suitable based on AHP.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Analytical%20Hierarchy%20Process%20%28AHP%29" title="Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)">Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Geographic%20Information%20System%20%28GIS%29" title=" Geographic Information System (GIS)"> Geographic Information System (GIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rasht%20City" title=" Rasht City"> Rasht City</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Regional%20Screening%20Method%20%28RSM%29" title=" Regional Screening Method (RSM)"> Regional Screening Method (RSM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solid%20Waste%20Landfill" title=" Solid Waste Landfill"> Solid Waste Landfill</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/study-of-solid-waste-landfill-suitability-using-regional-screening-method-and-ahp-in-rasht-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1366</span> Sustainable Solutions for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thaniya%20Kaosol">Thaniya Kaosol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>General as well as the MSW management in Thailand is reviewed in this paper. Topics include the MSW generation, sources, composition, and trends. The review, then, moves to sustainable solutions for MSW management, sustainable alternative approaches with an emphasis on an integrated MSW management. Information of waste in Thailand is also given at the beginning of this paper for better understanding of later contents. It is clear that no one single method of MSW disposal can deal with all materials in an environmentally sustainable way. As such, a suitable approach in MSW management should be an integrated approach that could deliver both environmental and economic sustainability. With increasing environmental concerns, the integrated MSW management system has a potential to maximize the useable waste materials as well as produce energy as a by-product. In Thailand, the compositions of waste (86%) are mainly organic waste, paper, plastic, glass, and metal. As a result, the waste in Thailand is suitable for an integrated MSW management. Currently, the Thai national waste management policy starts to encourage the local administrations to gather into clusters to establish central MSW disposal facilities with suitable technologies and reducing the disposal cost based on the amount of MSW generated.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MSW" title="MSW">MSW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/sustainable-solutions-for-municipal-solid-waste-management-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5825</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1365</span> Sustainable Geographic Information System-Based Map for Suitable Landfill Sites in Aley and Chouf, Lebanon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Allaw%20Kamel">Allaw Kamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bazzi%20Hasan"> Bazzi Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is among the most significant sources which threaten the global environmental health. Solid Waste Management has been an important environmental problem in developing countries because of the difficulties in finding sustainable solutions for solid wastes. Therefore, more efforts are needed to be implemented to overcome this problem. Lebanon has suffered a severe solid waste management problem in 2015, and a new landfill site was proposed to solve the existing problem. The study aims to identify and locate the most suitable area to construct a landfill taking into consideration the sustainable development to overcome the present situation and protect the future demands. Throughout the article, a landfill site selection methodology was discussed using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Several environmental, economic and social factors were taken as criterion for selection of a landfill. Soil, geology, and LUC (Land Use and Land Cover) indices with the Sustainable Development Index were main inputs to create the final map of Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) for landfill site. Different factors were determined to define each index. Input data of each factor was managed, visualized and analyzed using GIS. GIS was used as an important tool to identify suitable areas for landfill. Spatial Analysis (SA), Analysis and Management GIS tools were implemented to produce input maps capable of identifying suitable areas related to each index. Weight has been assigned to each factor in the same index, and the main weights were assigned to each index used. The combination of the different indices map generates the final output map of ESA. The output map was reclassified into three suitability classes of low, moderate, and high suitability. Results showed different locations suitable for the construction of a landfill. Results also reflected the importance of GIS and MCDA in helping decision makers finding a solution of solid wastes by a sanitary landfill.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sustainable%20development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=landfill" title=" landfill"> landfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=geographic%20information%20system" title=" geographic information system"> geographic information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi%20criteria%20decision%20analysis" title=" multi criteria decision analysis"> multi criteria decision analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmentally%20sensitive%20area." title=" environmentally sensitive area."> environmentally sensitive area.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/sustainable-geographic-information-system-based-map-for-suitable-landfill-sites-in-aley-and-chouf-lebanon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">880</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1364</span> An Investigation on Thermo Chemical Conversions of Solid Waste for Energy Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharmina%20Begum">Sharmina Begum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20G.%20Rasul"> M. G. Rasul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Delwar%20Akbar"> Delwar Akbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid waste can be considered as an urban burden or as a valuable resource depending on how it is managed. To meet the rising demand for energy and to address environmental concerns, a conversion from conventional energy systems to renewable resources is essential. For the sustainability of human civilization, an environmentally sound and techno-economically feasible waste treatment method is very important to treat recyclable waste. Several technologies are available for realizing the potential of solid waste as an energy source, ranging from very simple systems for disposing of dry waste to more complex technologies capable of dealing with large amounts of industrial waste. There are three main pathways for conversion of waste material to energy: thermo chemical, biochemical and physicochemical. This paper investigates the thermo chemical conversion of solid waste for energy recovery. The processes, advantages and dis-advantages of various thermo chemical conversion processes are discussed and compared. Special attention is given to Gasification process as it provides better solutions regarding public acceptance, feedstock flexibility, near-zero emissions, efficiency and security. Finally this paper presents comparative statements of thermo chemical processes and introduces an integrated waste management system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gasification" title="Gasification">Gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Incineration" title=" Incineration"> Incineration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pyrolysis" title=" Pyrolysis"> Pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermo%0Achemical%20conversion." title=" Thermo chemical conversion."> Thermo chemical conversion.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/an-investigation-on-thermo-chemical-conversions-of-solid-waste-for-energy-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9976/bibtex" 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