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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Designation_as_state_capital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Designation_as_state_capital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Designation as state capital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Designation_as_state_capital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstruction_era_and_beyond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstruction_era_and_beyond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Reconstruction era and beyond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstruction_era_and_beyond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century_and_recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century_and_recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>21st century and recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century_and_recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Metropolitan area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Neighborhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2020 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2010 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Downtown_revitalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downtown_revitalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Downtown revitalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downtown_revitalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soda_City_Market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soda_City_Market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Soda City Market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soda_City_Market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_installations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_installations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Military installations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_installations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Columbia_Metropolitan_Convention_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Columbia_Metropolitan_Convention_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Columbia_Metropolitan_Convention_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koger_Center_for_the_Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koger_Center_for_the_Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Koger Center for the Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koger_Center_for_the_Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carolina_Coliseum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carolina_Coliseum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Carolina Coliseum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carolina_Coliseum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Township_Auditorium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Township_Auditorium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Township Auditorium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Township_Auditorium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sports_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sports venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Parks and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_school_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_school_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Public school districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_school_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Private schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supplementary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supplementary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Supplementary schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supplementary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mass_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>Mass transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads_and_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads_and_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2</span> <span>Roads and highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads_and_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.3</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercity_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.4</span> <span>Intercity rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercity_bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.5</span> <span>Intercity bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewable_energy_and_climate_goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewable_energy_and_climate_goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Renewable energy and climate goals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewable_energy_and_climate_goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Accolades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Columbia, South Carolina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 115 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">115 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia" title="Columbia – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Columbia" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%88%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A2%E1%8B%AB%E1%8D%A3_%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%8D%E1%8B%9D_%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AE%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%93" title="ኮለምቢያ፣ ሳውዝ ካሮላይና – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮለምቢያ፣ ሳውዝ ካሮላይና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(S%C5%AB%C3%BEcarol%C4%ABna)" title="Columbia (Sūþcarolīna) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Columbia (Sūþcarolīna)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="كولومبيا (كارولاينا الجنوبية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كولومبيا (كارولاينا الجنوبية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolina_d%27o_Sud)" title="Columbia (Carolina d'o Sud) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Columbia (Carolina d'o Sud)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia" title="Columbia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Columbia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumbiya_(C%C9%99nubi_Karolina)" title="Kolumbiya (Cənubi Karolina) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kolumbiya (Cənubi Karolina)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کلمبیا، جنوبی کارولینا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کلمبیا، جنوبی کارولینا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE,_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="কলাম্বিয়া, সাউথ ক্যারোলাইনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কলাম্বিয়া, সাউথ ক্যারোলাইনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(South_Carolina)" title="Columbia (South Carolina) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Columbia (South Carolina)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Колумбия (Көньяҡ Каролина) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Колумбия (Көньяҡ Каролина)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Калумбія (Паўднёвая Караліна) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калумбія (Паўднёвая Караліна)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Saut_Carolina" title="Columbia, Saut Carolina – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Columbia, Saut Carolina" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Колумбия (Южна Каролина) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Колумбия (Южна Каролина)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(South_Carolina)" title="Columbia (South Carolina) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Columbia (South Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia" title="Columbia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Columbia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(kapital_sa_estado)" title="Columbia (kapital sa estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Columbia (kapital sa estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Ji%C5%BEn%C3%AD_Karol%C3%ADna)" title="Columbia (Jižní Karolína) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Columbia (Jižní Karolína)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_De_Carolina" title="Columbia, De Carolina – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Columbia, De Carolina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(South_Carolina)" title="Columbia (South Carolina) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Columbia (South Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(South_Carolina)" title="Columbia (South Carolina) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Columbia (South Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1siilii_Hatsoh" title="Tásiilii Hatsoh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tásiilii Hatsoh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia" title="Columbia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Columbia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B1_(%CE%9D%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1)" title="Κολούμπια (Νότια Καρολίνα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κολούμπια (Νότια Καρολίνα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolina_del_Sur)" title="Columbia (Carolina del Sur) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Columbia (Carolina del Sur)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Suda_Karolino)" title="Columbia (Suda Karolino) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Columbia (Suda Karolino)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Hego_Carolina)" title="Columbia (Hego Carolina) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Columbia (Hego Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C)" title="کلمبیا (کارولینای جنوبی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلمبیا (کارولینای جنوبی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia" title="Columbia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Columbia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Caroline_du_Sud)" title="Columbia (Caroline du Sud) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Columbia (Caroline du Sud)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(S%C3%BAd-Karolina)" title="Columbia (Súd-Karolina) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Columbia (Súd-Karolina)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Carolina_Theas" title="Columbia, Carolina Theas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Columbia, Carolina Theas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Carolina_do_Sur" title="Columbia, Carolina do Sur – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Columbia, Carolina do Sur" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A4%D9%84%D8%A4%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7)" title="کؤلؤمبيا (نسايي کارؤلينا) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کؤلؤمبيا (نسايي کارؤلينا)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE,_%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A3_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE" title="કોલંબિયા, દક્ષિણ કેરોલિના – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કોલંબિયા, દક્ષિણ કેરોલિના" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0,_%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌺𐍉𐌻𐌿𐌼𐌱𐌾𐌰, 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌾𐌽𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐍉𐌻𐌿𐌼𐌱𐌾𐌰, 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍂𐌰 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌾𐌽𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%AC%EB%9F%BC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_(%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%BA%90%EB%A1%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98%EC%A3%BC)" title="컬럼비아 (사우스캐롤라이나주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컬럼비아 (사우스캐롤라이나주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1)" title="Կոլումբիա (Հարավային Կարոլինա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոլումբիա (Հարավային Կարոլինա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE,_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलंबिया, दक्षिण कैरोलीना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोलंबिया, दक्षिण कैरोलीना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Sudal_Karolina" title="Columbia, Sudal Karolina – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Columbia, Sudal Karolina" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Carolina_Selatan" title="Columbia, Carolina Selatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Columbia, Carolina Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolina_del_Sud)" title="Columbia (Carolina del Sud) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Columbia (Carolina del Sud)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Sud-Carolina)" title="Columbia (Sud-Carolina) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Columbia (Sud-Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_(%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%C3%A6)" title="Колумби (Хуссар Каролинæ) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Колумби (Хуссар Каролинæ)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Su%C3%B0ur-Kar%C3%B3l%C3%ADna)" title="Columbia (Suður-Karólína) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Columbia (Suður-Karólína)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolina_del_Sud)" title="Columbia (Carolina del Sud) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Columbia (Carolina del Sud)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="קולומביה (קרוליינה הדרומית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קולומביה (קרוליינה הדרומית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90)" title="კოლუმბია (სამხრეთი კაროლინა) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოლუმბია (სამხრეთი კაროლინა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Karolina_Dheghow" title="Columbia, Karolina Dheghow – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Columbia, Karolina Dheghow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Kawolin_disid" title="Columbia, Kawolin disid – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Columbia, Kawolin disid" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Karol%C3%AEnaya_Ba%C5%9F%C3%BBr" title="Columbia, Karolînaya Başûr – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Columbia, Karolînaya Başûr" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D3%B9%D0%B2%D3%93%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Колумби (Кечӹвӓлвел Каролина) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Колумби (Кечӹвӓлвел Каролина)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(South_Carolina)" title="Columbia (South Carolina) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Columbia (South Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolina_Meridiana)" title="Columbia (Carolina Meridiana) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Columbia (Carolina Meridiana)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumbija_(Dienvidkarol%C4%ABna)" title="Kolumbija (Dienvidkarolīna) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kolumbija (Dienvidkarolīna)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumbija_(Piet%C5%B3_Karolina)" title="Kolumbija (Pietų Karolina) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kolumbija (Pietų Karolina)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolinn-a_do_Sud)" title="Columbia (Carolinn-a do Sud) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Columbia (Carolinn-a do Sud)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolina_del_S%C3%BCd)" title="Columbia (Carolina del Süd) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Columbia (Carolina del Süd)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(D%C3%A9l-Karolina)" title="Columbia (Dél-Karolina) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Columbia (Dél-Karolina)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Колумбија (Јужна Каролина) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Колумбија (Јужна Каролина)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF,_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8" title="കൊളമ്പിയ, തെക്കൻ കരോലിന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊളമ്പിയ, തെക്കൻ കരോലിന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE)" title="कोलंबिया (साउथ कॅरोलिना) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोलंबिया (साउथ कॅरोलिना)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AB_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7)" title="كولومبيا (ساوث كارولاينا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كولومبيا (ساوث كارولاينا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Carolina_Selatan" title="Columbia, Carolina Selatan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Columbia, Carolina Selatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Коламбия хот – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Коламбия хот" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(South_Carolina)" title="Columbia (South Carolina) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Columbia (South Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE,_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलम्बिया, साउथ क्यारोलाइना – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोलम्बिया, साउथ क्यारोलाइना" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2_(%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E5%B7%9E)" title="コロンビア (サウスカロライナ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コロンビア (サウスカロライナ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Колумбия (Къилба Каролина) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Колумбия (Къилба Каролина)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(S%C3%B8r-Carolina)" title="Columbia (Sør-Carolina) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Columbia (Sør-Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_i_S%C3%B8r-Carolina" title="Columbia i Sør-Carolina – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Columbia i Sør-Carolina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolina_del_Sud)" title="Columbia (Carolina del Sud) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Columbia (Carolina del Sud)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Janubiy_Karolina)" title="Columbia (Janubiy Karolina) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Columbia (Janubiy Karolina)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलम्बिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="कोलम्बिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolin-a_d%C3%ABl_Sud)" title="Columbia (Carolin-a dël Sud) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Columbia (Carolin-a dël Sud)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Karolina_Po%C5%82udniowa)" title="Columbia (Karolina Południowa) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Columbia (Karolina Południowa)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%BAmbia_(Carolina_do_Sul)" title="Colúmbia (Carolina do Sul) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colúmbia (Carolina do Sul)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Carolina_de_Sud" title="Columbia, Carolina de Sud – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Columbia, Carolina de Sud" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(South_Carolina)" title="Columbia (South Carolina) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Columbia (South Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Колумбия (Южная Каролина) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колумбия (Южная Каролина)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलम्बिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कोलम्बिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%B9mbia_(Carolina_de_Sud)" title="Colùmbia (Carolina de Sud) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Colùmbia (Carolina de Sud)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolina_d%C3%BB_Sud)" title="Columbia (Carolina dû Sud) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Columbia (Carolina dû Sud)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Ju%C5%BEn%C3%A1_Karol%C3%ADna)" title="Columbia (Južná Karolína) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Columbia (Južná Karolína)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Po%C5%82ed%C5%84owo_Karolina)" title="Columbia (Połedńowo Karolina) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Columbia (Połedńowo Karolina)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کۆڵومبیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆڵومبیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Колумбија (град) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Колумбија (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Etel%C3%A4-Carolina)" title="Columbia (Etelä-Carolina) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Columbia (Etelä-Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE)" title="கொலம்பியா (தென் கரொலைனா) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொலம்பியா (தென் கரொலைனா)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Коламбия (Көньяк Каролина) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Коламбия (Көньяк Каролина)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_(%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2)" title="โคลัมเบีย (รัฐเซาท์แคโรไลนา) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โคลัมเบีย (รัฐเซาท์แคโรไลนา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_G%C3%BCney_Karolina" title="Columbia, Güney Karolina – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Columbia, Güney Karolina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Колумбія (Південна Кароліна) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колумбія (Південна Кароліна)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کولمبیا، جنوبی کیرولائنا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کولمبیا، جنوبی کیرولائنا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(Carolina_del_Sud)" title="Columbia (Carolina del Sud) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Columbia (Carolina del Sud)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(South_Carolina)" title="Columbia (South Carolina) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Columbia (South Carolina)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Columbia, South Carolina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%EF%BC%88%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%A5%E7%BA%B3%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="哥伦比亚（南卡罗来纳州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哥伦比亚（南卡罗来纳州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2,_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="קאלאמביע, דרום קאראליינע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאלאמביע, דרום קאראליינע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E_(%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%BE%85%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%8D%E5%B7%9E)" title="哥倫比亞 (南卡羅萊納州) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哥倫比亞 (南卡羅萊納州)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia" title="Columbia – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Columbia" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuolumb%C4%97j%C4%97_(P%C4%97it%C5%AB_Karolina)" title="Kuolumbėjė (Pėitū Karolina) – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuolumbėjė (Pėitū Karolina)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A_(%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%A5%E7%BA%B3%E5%B7%9E)" title="哥伦比亚 (南卡罗来纳州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哥伦比亚 (南卡罗来纳州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumbia" title="Kolumbia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kolumbia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumbij%C9%99_(Nyso_Karolina)" title="Kolumbijə (Nyso Karolina) – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kolumbijə (Nyso Karolina)" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38453#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Columbia,_South_Carolina&params=34_0_2_N_81_2_5_W_region:US-SC_type:city(136632)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°0′2″N</span> <span class="longitude">81°2′5″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.00056°N 81.03472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.00056; -81.03472</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city of South Carolina, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Columbia (disambiguation)">Columbia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State capital city in South Carolina, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Columbia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fall_skyline_of_Columbia_SC_from_Arsenal_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fall_skyline_of_Columbia_SC_from_Arsenal_Hill.jpg/288px-Fall_skyline_of_Columbia_SC_from_Arsenal_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fall_skyline_of_Columbia_SC_from_Arsenal_Hill.jpg/432px-Fall_skyline_of_Columbia_SC_from_Arsenal_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fall_skyline_of_Columbia_SC_from_Arsenal_Hill.jpg/576px-Fall_skyline_of_Columbia_SC_from_Arsenal_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="892" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Downtown Columbia, South Carolina">Downtown Columbia</a> skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SeibelsHouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SeibelsHouse.JPG/142px-SeibelsHouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SeibelsHouse.JPG/213px-SeibelsHouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SeibelsHouse.JPG/284px-SeibelsHouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">The <a href="/wiki/Hale%E2%80%93Elmore%E2%80%93Seibels_House" title="Hale–Elmore–Seibels House">Seibels House</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Five_Points_Fountain,_Columbia,_SC.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Five_Points_Fountain%2C_Columbia%2C_SC.JPG/142px-Five_Points_Fountain%2C_Columbia%2C_SC.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Five_Points_Fountain%2C_Columbia%2C_SC.JPG/213px-Five_Points_Fountain%2C_Columbia%2C_SC.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Five_Points_Fountain%2C_Columbia%2C_SC.JPG/284px-Five_Points_Fountain%2C_Columbia%2C_SC.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Five_Points_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="Five Points (Columbia, South Carolina)">Five Points</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Williams_Brice_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Williams_Brice_Stadium.jpg/162px-Williams_Brice_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Williams_Brice_Stadium.jpg/243px-Williams_Brice_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Williams_Brice_Stadium.jpg/324px-Williams_Brice_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="924" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Williams-Brice_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams-Brice Stadium">Williams-Brice Stadium</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usc_horseshoe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Usc_horseshoe.jpg/122px-Usc_horseshoe.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Usc_horseshoe.jpg/183px-Usc_horseshoe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Usc_horseshoe.jpg/244px-Usc_horseshoe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_District,_University_of_South_Carolina" title="Old Campus District, University of South Carolina">Horseshoe</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SC_State_House_at_evening.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/SC_State_House_at_evening.jpg/141px-SC_State_House_at_evening.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/SC_State_House_at_evening.jpg/212px-SC_State_House_at_evening.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/SC_State_House_at_evening.jpg/282px-SC_State_House_at_evening.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_House" title="South Carolina State House">South Carolina State House</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AINSLEY_HALL_HOUSE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/AINSLEY_HALL_HOUSE.jpg/143px-AINSLEY_HALL_HOUSE.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/AINSLEY_HALL_HOUSE.jpg/215px-AINSLEY_HALL_HOUSE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/AINSLEY_HALL_HOUSE.jpg/286px-AINSLEY_HALL_HOUSE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5252" data-file-height="3472" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mills_House" title="Robert Mills House">Robert Mills House</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Columbia,_South_Carolina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Columbia"><img alt="Flag of Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg/100px-Flag_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg/150px-Flag_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg/200px-Flag_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Columbia,_South_Carolina.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Columbia"><img alt="Official seal of Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seal_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg/100px-Seal_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seal_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg/150px-Seal_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Seal_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg/200px-Seal_of_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Cola, Capital City, River City, Soda City<sup id="cite_ref-History_-_Soda_City_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_-_Soda_City-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Justitia Virtutum Regina</i></span>" <small>(<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)</small><br />(Justice, the Queen of Virtues)<br />"We Are Columbia"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="10" data-lat="34.0005" data-lon="-81.0347" data-overlays="["_41a8f0642b6c4327e95956be8641fcdcb91ad823"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/34.0005/-81.0347/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,34.0005,-81.0347,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Columbia%2C_South_Carolina&revid=1257506595&groups=_41a8f0642b6c4327e95956be8641fcdcb91ad823" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,34.0005,-81.0347,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Columbia%2C_South_Carolina&revid=1257506595&groups=_41a8f0642b6c4327e95956be8641fcdcb91ad823 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Columbia</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_South_Carolina_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Columbia is located in South Carolina"><img alt="Columbia is located in South Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/USA_South_Carolina_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_South_Carolina_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/USA_South_Carolina_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_South_Carolina_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/USA_South_Carolina_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_South_Carolina_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="978" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.873%;left:48.402%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Columbia"><img alt="Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Columbia</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within South Carolina</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of South Carolina</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Columbia is located in the United States"><img alt="Columbia is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.336%;left:76.684%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Columbia"><img alt="Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Columbia</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Columbia,_South_Carolina&params=34_0_2_N_81_2_5_W_region:US-SC_type:city(136632)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°0′2″N</span> <span class="longitude">81°2′5″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.00056°N 81.03472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.00056; -81.03472</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richland_County,_South_Carolina" title="Richland County, South Carolina">Richland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington County, South Carolina">Lexington</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Approved</th><td class="infobox-data">March 22, 1786</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chartered (town)</th><td class="infobox-data">1805</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chartered (city)</th><td class="infobox-data">1854</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Mayor of Columbia, South Carolina">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rickenmann" title="Daniel Rickenmann">Daniel Rickenmann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">140.68 sq mi (364.37 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">137.81 sq mi (356.93 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">2.87 sq mi (7.44 km<sup>2</sup>)  1.68%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-GR3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">302 ft (92 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">136,632</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2023)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">142,416</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">205th</a> in the United States<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in South Carolina">2nd</a> in South Carolina</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">991.45/sq mi (382.80/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">590,407 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">74th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,606.6/sq mi (620.3/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-PopEstCBSA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopEstCBSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">858,302 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">70th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">29044, 29201–29212, 29214–29230, 29240, 29250, 29260, 29290, 29292</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_803_and_839" title="Area codes 803 and 839">803, 839</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">45-16000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">1245051<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://columbiasc.gov">columbiasc<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Columbia</b> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">capital city</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>. With a population of 136,632 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, it is <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_South_Carolina" title="List of municipalities in South Carolina">the second-most populous</a> city in South Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusQuickFacts_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusQuickFacts-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city serves as the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Richland_County,_South_Carolina" title="Richland County, South Carolina">Richland County</a>, and a portion of the city extends into neighboring <a href="/wiki/Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington County, South Carolina">Lexington County</a>. It is the center of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_metropolitan_area,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia metropolitan area, South Carolina">Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area</a>, which had an estimated population of 858,302 in 2023, and is the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">70th-most populous metropolitan statistical area</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-PopEstCBSA_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopEstCBSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia (name)">Columbia</a> is a poetic term used for the United States, derived from the name of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>, who explored for the Spanish Crown. Columbia is often abbreviated as Cola, leading to its nickname as "Soda City".<sup id="cite_ref-History_-_Soda_City_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_-_Soda_City-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is located just northwest of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_geographic_centers_of_the_United_States" title="List of geographic centers of the United States">geographic center of South Carolina</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was the <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">center of population of South Carolina</a> in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the primary city of the <a href="/wiki/Midlands_(South_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Midlands (South Carolina)">Midlands</a> region of the state. It lies at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Saluda_River" title="Saluda River">Saluda River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Broad_River_(Carolinas)" title="Broad River (Carolinas)">Broad River</a>, which merge at Columbia to form the <a href="/wiki/Congaree_River" title="Congaree River">Congaree River</a>. As the state capital, Columbia is the site of the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_House" title="South Carolina State House">South Carolina State House</a>, the center of government for the state. In 1860, the South Carolina Secession Convention took place in Columbia; delegates voted for secession, making South Carolina the first state to leave the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> in the events leading up to the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. </p><p>Columbia is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a>, the state's flagship public university and the largest in the state. The area has benefited from Congressional support for Southern military installations. Columbia is the site of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Jackson_(South_Carolina)" title="Fort Jackson (South Carolina)">Fort Jackson</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> installation for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Basic_Training" title="United States Army Basic Training">Basic Combat Training</a>. Twenty miles to the east of the city is <a href="/wiki/McEntire_Joint_National_Guard_Base" title="McEntire Joint National Guard Base">McEntire Joint National Guard Base</a>, which is operated by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> and is used as a training base for the <a href="/wiki/169th_Fighter_Wing" title="169th Fighter Wing">169th Fighter Wing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Air_National_Guard" title="South Carolina Air National Guard">South Carolina Air National Guard</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Timeline of Columbia, South Carolina">Timeline of Columbia, South Carolina</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slave_quarters_at_the_Hale%E2%80%93Elmore%E2%80%93Seibels_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Slave_quarters_at_the_Hale%E2%80%93Elmore%E2%80%93Seibels_House.jpg/220px-Slave_quarters_at_the_Hale%E2%80%93Elmore%E2%80%93Seibels_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Slave_quarters_at_the_Hale%E2%80%93Elmore%E2%80%93Seibels_House.jpg/330px-Slave_quarters_at_the_Hale%E2%80%93Elmore%E2%80%93Seibels_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Slave_quarters_at_the_Hale%E2%80%93Elmore%E2%80%93Seibels_House.jpg/440px-Slave_quarters_at_the_Hale%E2%80%93Elmore%E2%80%93Seibels_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Former slave quarters at the <a href="/wiki/Hale%E2%80%93Elmore%E2%80%93Seibels_House" title="Hale–Elmore–Seibels House">Hale–Elmore–Seibels House</a> in downtown Columbia.</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1540, a Spanish expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto" title="Hernando de Soto">Hernando de Soto</a> traversed what is now Columbia while moving northward on exploration of the interior of the Southeast. The expedition produced the earliest written historical records of this area, which was part of the regional <a href="/wiki/Cofitachequi" title="Cofitachequi">Cofitachequi</a> <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">chiefdom</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hudson1998_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson1998-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">colonial era</a>, European settlers encountered the Congaree in this area, who inhabited several villages along the Congaree River. The settlers established a frontier fort and fur trading post named after the Congaree, on the west bank of the Congaree River. It was at the fall line and the head of navigation in the <a href="/wiki/Santee_River" title="Santee River">Santee River</a> system. </p><p>In 1754 the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_government_in_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies">colonial government</a> in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> established a ferry to connect the fort with the growing European settlements on the higher ground on the east bank.<sup id="cite_ref-columbiahistory_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-columbiahistory-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like many other significant early settlements in colonial America, Columbia is on the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Seaboard_fall_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Seaboard fall line">fall line</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont</a> region. The <a href="/wiki/Fall_line" title="Fall line">fall line</a> is often marked by rapids at the places where the river cuts sharply down to lower levels in the Tidewater or Low Country of the coastal plain. Beyond the fall line, the river is unnavigable for boats sailing upstream. Entrepreneurs and later industrialists established mills in such areas, as the water flowing downriver, often over falls, provided power to run equipment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Designation_as_state_capital">Designation as state capital</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Designation as state capital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> and United States independence, State Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gervais" title="John Lewis Gervais">John Lewis Gervais</a> of the town of <a href="/wiki/Ninety_Six,_South_Carolina" title="Ninety Six, South Carolina">Ninety Six</a> introduced a bill that was approved by the legislature on March 22, 1786, to create a new state capital. Considerable argument occurred over the name for the new city. According to published accounts, Senator Gervais said he hoped that "in this town we should find refuge under the wings of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia (name)">COLUMBIA</a>", for that was the name which he wished it to be called. One legislator insisted on the name "Washington", but "Columbia" won by a vote of 11–7 in the state senate. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_marking_original_SC_State_House,_Columbia_IMG_4777.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Monument_marking_original_SC_State_House%2C_Columbia_IMG_4777.JPG/220px-Monument_marking_original_SC_State_House%2C_Columbia_IMG_4777.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Monument_marking_original_SC_State_House%2C_Columbia_IMG_4777.JPG/330px-Monument_marking_original_SC_State_House%2C_Columbia_IMG_4777.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Monument_marking_original_SC_State_House%2C_Columbia_IMG_4777.JPG/440px-Monument_marking_original_SC_State_House%2C_Columbia_IMG_4777.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Monument marking site of original South Carolina State House, designed and built from 1786 to 1790 by <a href="/wiki/James_Hoban" title="James Hoban">James Hoban</a>. It burned at the end of the Civil War in 1865.</figcaption></figure> <p>The site was chosen as the new state capital in 1786 due to its central location in the state. The State Legislature first met there in 1790. After remaining under the direct government of the legislature for the first two decades of its existence, Columbia was incorporated as a village in 1805 and then as a city in 1854. </p><p>Columbia received a large stimulus to development when it was connected in a direct water route to <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Santee_Canal" title="Santee Canal">Santee Canal</a>. This connected the Santee and Cooper rivers in a 22-mile-long (35 km) section. It was first chartered in 1786 and completed in 1800, making it one of the earliest canals in the United States. With competition later from faster railroad traffic, it ceased operation around 1850. </p><p>The commissioners designed a town of 400 blocks in a 2-mile (3 km) square along the river. The blocks were divided into lots of 0.5 acres (2,000 m<sup>2</sup>) and sold to speculators and prospective residents. Buyers had to build a house at least 30 feet (9.1 m) long and 18 feet (5.5 m) wide within three years, or face an annual 5% penalty. The perimeter streets and two through streets were 150 feet (46 m) wide. The remaining squares were divided by thoroughfares 100 feet (30 m) wide. As the capital and one of the first <a href="/wiki/Planned_community" title="Planned community">planned cities</a> in the United States, Columbia began to grow rapidly. Its population was nearing 1,000 shortly after the start of the 19th century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Carolina_Governor%27s_Mansion,_800_Richland_St.,_columbia_(Richland_County,_South_Carolina).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/South_Carolina_Governor%27s_Mansion%2C_800_Richland_St.%2C_columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.JPG/220px-South_Carolina_Governor%27s_Mansion%2C_800_Richland_St.%2C_columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/South_Carolina_Governor%27s_Mansion%2C_800_Richland_St.%2C_columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.JPG/330px-South_Carolina_Governor%27s_Mansion%2C_800_Richland_St.%2C_columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/South_Carolina_Governor%27s_Mansion%2C_800_Richland_St.%2C_columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.JPG/440px-South_Carolina_Governor%27s_Mansion%2C_800_Richland_St.%2C_columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="South Carolina Governor's Mansion">South Carolina Governor's Mansion</a>, built 1855</figcaption></figure> <p>The commissioners constituted the local government until 1797, when a Commission of Streets and Markets was created by the General Assembly. Three main issues occupied most of their time: public drunkenness, gambling, and poor sanitation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Mills_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Robert_Mills_House.jpg/220px-Robert_Mills_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Robert_Mills_House.jpg/330px-Robert_Mills_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Robert_Mills_House.jpg/440px-Robert_Mills_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mills_House" title="Robert Mills House">Robert Mills House</a>, built 1823</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1801, South Carolina College (now the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a>) was founded in Columbia. The original building survives. The city was chosen as the site of the state college in an effort to unite residents of the <a href="/wiki/Upstate_South_Carolina" title="Upstate South Carolina">Upcountry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Lowcountry" title="South Carolina Lowcountry">Lowcountry</a> after the American Revolutionary War.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaders of South Carolina kept a close eye on the new college: for many years after its founding, commencement exercises were held in December while the state legislature was in session.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Columbia received its first charter as a town in 1805. An intendant and six wardens governed the town. <a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(South_Carolina_governor)" title="John Taylor (South Carolina governor)">John Taylor</a>, the first elected intendant, later served in both houses of the General Assembly, both houses of Congress, and eventually was elected as governor. By 1816, some 250 homes had been built in the town and a population was more than 1000. </p><p>In 1828, the <a href="/wiki/Elias_Marks#South_Carolina_Female_Collegiate_Institute_at_Barhamville" title="Elias Marks">South Carolina Female <i>Collegiate</i> Institute</a> was founded by <a href="/wiki/Elias_Marks" title="Elias Marks">Elias Marks</a> for the higher education of young women.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The word <i>Collegiate</i> was added to its charter in 1835.) Since the school was located on 500 acres in the Barhamville area of Columbia, it was often informally called Barhamville Institute or Barhamville Academy. "...it was the first and only school of its character at the South. It was of a very high class..."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Barhamville Institute closed in 1867 due to the economic dislocation of the Civil War. </p><p>Columbia became chartered as a city in 1854, with an elected mayor and six aldermen. Two years later, Columbia had a police force consisting of a full-time chief and nine patrolmen. The city continued to grow at a rapid pace, and throughout the 1850s and 1860s, Columbia was the largest inland city in the Carolinas. Railroad transportation served as a significant cause of population expansion in Columbia during this time. Rail lines that reached the city in the 1840s primarily transported cotton bales, not passengers, from there to major markets and the port of Charlestown. Cotton was the chief commodity of the state and lifeblood of the Columbia community; in 1850, virtually all of the city's commercial and economic activity was related to cotton. Cotton was sent to New York and New England's textile mills, as well as to England and Europe, where demand was high. </p><p>"In 1830, around 1,500 <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slaves</a> lived and worked in Columbia; this population grew to 3,300 by 1860. Some members of this large enslaved population worked in their masters' households. Masters also frequently hired out slaves to Columbia residents and institutions, including South Carolina College. Hired-out slaves sometimes returned to their owners' homes daily; others boarded with their temporary masters."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Columbia" title="Capture of Columbia">Capture of Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Columbia, South Carolina, in the American Civil War">Columbia, South Carolina, in the American Civil War</a></div> <p>Columbia was of considerable importance to the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. Columbia was the site of the first Southern secession convention, which assembled in the <a href="/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="First Baptist Church (Columbia, South Carolina)">First Baptist Church</a> on December 17, 1860. Secession may have been declared in Columbia, were it not for a smallpox outbreak that moved the convention to Charleston, where South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union on December 20.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucas197623_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucas197623-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A considerable military infrastructure sprung up in Columbia. The state arsenal was located in Columbia, along with the state military academy. The University of South Carolina grounds were converted into a military hospital since its role as an educational institution had been made moot after its entire student body volunteered for the Confederate Army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucas197624_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucas197624-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous industrial facilities produced war materiel. By 1865, it was also the Confederacy's last breadbasket. All of these factors combined to make it the obvious next target for General <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William T. Sherman</a> after his successful <a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">March to the Sea</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah, Georgia</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELucas197630_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELucas197630-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Union Army, under Gen. Sherman, captured the city on February 17, 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the city was destroyed by fire between the 17th and 18th. The idea that General Sherman ordered the burning of Columbia has persisted as part of the <a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause of the Confederacy</a> narrative. However modern historians have concluded that no one cause led to the burning of Columbia and that Sherman did not order the burning. Rather, the chaotic atmosphere in the city on the occasion of its fall led to the ideal conditions for a fire to start and spread. As a newspaper columnist noted in 1874, "the war burned Columbia."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wade_Hampton_equestrian_statue,_Columbia,_SC_IMG_4747.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wade_Hampton_equestrian_statue%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_IMG_4747.JPG/220px-Wade_Hampton_equestrian_statue%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_IMG_4747.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wade_Hampton_equestrian_statue%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_IMG_4747.JPG/330px-Wade_Hampton_equestrian_statue%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_IMG_4747.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wade_Hampton_equestrian_statue%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_IMG_4747.JPG/440px-Wade_Hampton_equestrian_statue%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_IMG_4747.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Equestrian statue of General and later <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Wade_Hampton_III" title="Wade Hampton III">Wade Hampton, III</a>, known for his opposition to <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reconstruction_era_and_beyond">Reconstruction era and beyond</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reconstruction era and beyond"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Reconstruction era, when African-American Republicans were among the legislators elected to state government, Columbia became the focus of considerable attention. Reporters, journalists, travelers, and tourists flocked here to see a Southern state legislature whose members included freedmen (former slaves), as well as <a href="/wiki/People_of_color" class="mw-redirect" title="People of color">men of color</a> who had been free before the war. The city began to rebuild and recover from the devastating fire of 1865; a mild construction boom took place within the first few years of Reconstruction. In addition, repair of railroad tracks in outlying areas created more jobs for residents. </p><p>By the late nineteenth century, culture was expanding in the city. In 1897 the Columbia Music Festival Association (CMFA) was founded<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Mayor William McB. Sloan and the city aldermen. It was headquartered in the Opera House on Main Street, which also served as City Hall. Its role was to book and manage concerts and events in the opera house for the city.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Three images taken from the same location showing Columbia's Main Street from <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Statehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina Statehouse">Statehouse</a> steps</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 308.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 306.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbia_sc_ruins.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Columbia in ruins after burning at the end of the Civil War, c. 1865"><img alt="Columbia in ruins after burning at the end of the Civil War, c. 1865" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Columbia_sc_ruins.jpg/460px-Columbia_sc_ruins.jpg" decoding="async" width="307" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Columbia_sc_ruins.jpg/691px-Columbia_sc_ruins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Columbia_sc_ruins.jpg/921px-Columbia_sc_ruins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1534" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Columbia in ruins after burning at the end of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1865</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 262px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbia,_SC_Mainstreet_(1900).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Main Street with streetcars, January 1900"><img alt="Main Street with streetcars, January 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Columbia%2C_SC_Mainstreet_%281900%29.jpg/390px-Columbia%2C_SC_Mainstreet_%281900%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Columbia%2C_SC_Mainstreet_%281900%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="385" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main Street with streetcars, January 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LookingdownMainSt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modern day Main Street, June 2010"><img alt="Modern day Main Street, June 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LookingdownMainSt.jpg/400px-LookingdownMainSt.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LookingdownMainSt.jpg/600px-LookingdownMainSt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/LookingdownMainSt.jpg/800px-LookingdownMainSt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Modern day Main Street, June 2010</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>During the early 20th century, Columbia developed as a regional textile manufacturing center. In 1907, Columbia had six mills in operation: <a href="/wiki/Richland_Cotton_Mill" title="Richland Cotton Mill">Richland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granby_Mill_Village_Historic_District" title="Granby Mill Village Historic District">Granby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympia_Mill" title="Olympia Mill">Olympia</a>, Capital City, Columbia, and Palmetto. Combined, they employed over 3,400 workers with an annual payroll of $819,000, giving the Midlands an economic boost of over $4.8 million. Columbia had no paved streets until 1908, when 17 blocks of Main Street were surfaced. But, it had 115 publicly maintained street crossings, boardwalks placed at intersections to keep pedestrians from having to wade through a sea of mud between wooden sidewalks. As an experiment, Washington Street was once paved with wooden blocks. This proved to be the source of much local amusement when they buckled and floated away during heavy rains. The blocks were replaced with asphalt paving in 1925. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmetto_Building,_1400_Main_Street_at_Washington_Street,_Columbia_(Richland_County,_South_Carolina).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Palmetto_Building%2C_1400_Main_Street_at_Washington_Street%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg/170px-Palmetto_Building%2C_1400_Main_Street_at_Washington_Street%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Palmetto_Building%2C_1400_Main_Street_at_Washington_Street%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg/255px-Palmetto_Building%2C_1400_Main_Street_at_Washington_Street%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Palmetto_Building%2C_1400_Main_Street_at_Washington_Street%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg/340px-Palmetto_Building%2C_1400_Main_Street_at_Washington_Street%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palmetto_Building" title="Palmetto Building">Palmetto Building</a> completed in 1913</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Returning_WWI_soldiers_in_Columbia,_South_Carolina_(April_1919).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Returning_WWI_soldiers_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina_%28April_1919%29.jpg/220px-Returning_WWI_soldiers_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina_%28April_1919%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Returning_WWI_soldiers_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina_%28April_1919%29.jpg/330px-Returning_WWI_soldiers_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina_%28April_1919%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Returning_WWI_soldiers_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina_%28April_1919%29.jpg/440px-Returning_WWI_soldiers_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina_%28April_1919%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>Troops returning from <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> march through Columbia, April 1919</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodrow_Wilson_Columbia,_SC_home.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Woodrow_Wilson_Columbia%2C_SC_home.jpg/220px-Woodrow_Wilson_Columbia%2C_SC_home.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Woodrow_Wilson_Columbia%2C_SC_home.jpg/330px-Woodrow_Wilson_Columbia%2C_SC_home.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Woodrow_Wilson_Columbia%2C_SC_home.jpg/440px-Woodrow_Wilson_Columbia%2C_SC_home.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Boyhood_Home_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home (Columbia, South Carolina)">family home</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Wilson_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/President_Wilson_1919.jpg/150px-President_Wilson_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/President_Wilson_1919.jpg/225px-President_Wilson_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/President_Wilson_1919.jpg/300px-President_Wilson_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="3724" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, the 28th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>, lived in Columbia during his youth.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Street_looking_towards_State_Capitol,_Columbia,_SC_1910s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Main_Street_looking_towards_State_Capitol%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_1910s.png/220px-Main_Street_looking_towards_State_Capitol%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_1910s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Main_Street_looking_towards_State_Capitol%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_1910s.png/330px-Main_Street_looking_towards_State_Capitol%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_1910s.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Main_Street_looking_towards_State_Capitol%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_1910s.png/440px-Main_Street_looking_towards_State_Capitol%2C_Columbia%2C_SC_1910s.png 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Main Street looking towards State Capitol,1910s</figcaption></figure> <p>During the years 1911 and 1912, some $2.5 million worth of construction occurred in the city, as investors used revenues generated by the mills. New projects included construction of the Union Bank Building at Main and Gervais, the <a href="/wiki/Palmetto_Building" title="Palmetto Building">Palmetto National Bank</a>, a shopping arcade, and large hotels at Main and Laurel (the Jefferson) and at Main and Wheat (the Gresham). In 1917, the city was selected by the US Army to be developed as the site of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Jackson_(South_Carolina)" title="Fort Jackson (South Carolina)">Camp Jackson</a>, a U.S. military installation that was officially classified as a "Field Artillery Replacement Depot". The first recruits arrived at the camp on September 1, 1917. In the first several decades of the 20th century, white Democrats of the <a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a> controlled an outsize amount of power in the House and Senate. The former Confederate states had effectively <a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era">disenfranchised</a> most blacks and many poor whites through passage of discriminatory laws and constitutions that made voter registration and voting more difficult. But they controlled all the seats in Congress related to the total state populations. </p><p>In 1930, Columbia was the hub of a trading area with about 500,000 potential customers. It had 803 retail establishments, 280 of them being food stores. The city also had 58 clothing and apparel outlets, 57 restaurants and lunch rooms, 55 filling stations, 38 pharmacies, 20 furniture stores, 19 auto dealers, 11 shoe stores, nine cigar stands, five department stores, and one book store. Wholesale distributors located within the city numbered 119, with one-third of them dealing in food. </p><p>In 1934, the federal courthouse at the corner of Main and Laurel streets was purchased by the city for use as City Hall. Built of granite from nearby <a href="/wiki/Winnsboro,_South_Carolina" title="Winnsboro, South Carolina">Winnsboro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_City_Hall_(South_Carolina)" title="Columbia City Hall (South Carolina)">Columbia City Hall</a> is listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_B._Mullett" title="Alfred B. Mullett">Alfred Built Mullett</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>'s federal architect, the building was completed in 1876. Mullet, best known for his design of the <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Executive Office Building</a> in Washington, DC, had originally designed the courthouse with a clock tower. It was not constructed, perhaps because of large cost overruns on the project. Copies of Millet's original drawings can be seen on the walls of City Hall alongside historic photos of other Columbia beginnings. Federal offices were moved to the new <a href="/wiki/J._Bratton_Davis_United_States_Bankruptcy_Courthouse" title="J. Bratton Davis United States Bankruptcy Courthouse">J. Bratton Davis United States Bankruptcy Courthouse</a>. </p><p>In 1940 Camp Jackson was reactivated after war started in Europe, and was designated as Fort Jackson. City leaders and the congressional delegation had lobbied to gain such a permanent military installation. In the early 1940s, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, which catalyzed the entry of the US into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Lt. Colonel <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Doolittle" title="Jimmy Doolittle">Jimmy Doolittle</a> and his group of now-famous pilots began training for the 1942 <a href="/wiki/Doolittle_Raid" title="Doolittle Raid">Doolittle Raid</a> over Tokyo at what is now <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Columbia Metropolitan Airport">Columbia Metropolitan Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They trained in <a href="/wiki/B-25_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="B-25 Mitchell">B-25 Mitchell</a> bombers, the same model as the plane that is installed at Columbia's <a href="/wiki/Owens_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Owens Field">Owens Field</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright" title="Curtiss-Wright">Curtiss-Wright</a> hangar. <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1940s African Americans increased activism for their civil rights: seeking to reverse <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racial discrimination</a> that pushed them into second-class status in Columbia and the state. In 1945, a federal judge ruled that the city's black teachers were entitled to equal pay to that of their white counterparts. But, in following years, the state attempted to strip many blacks of their teaching credentials. Other issues in which the blacks of the city sought equality concerned <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">voting rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">segregation</a> (particularly regarding public schools). In 1954, in <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i>, the US Supreme Court ruled that segregated public schools were unconstitutional. </p><p>On August 21, 1962, eight downtown chain stores served blacks at their lunch counters for the first time. The University of South Carolina, a public institution, admitted its first black students in 1963. Around that same time, many vestiges of segregation began to disappear from the city: blacks attained membership on various municipal boards and commissions, and the city adopted a non-discriminatory hiring policy. These and other such signs of racial progress helped earn the city the 1964 <a href="/wiki/All-America_City_Award" title="All-America City Award">All-America City Award</a> for the second time (the first being in 1951). A 1965 article in <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> lauded Columbia as a city that had "liberated itself from the plague of doctrinal <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the late 20th century, historic preservation has played a significant part in the city. The historic <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mills_House" title="Robert Mills House">Robert Mills House</a> was restored in 1967, which inspired the renovation and restoration of other historic structures, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hampton-Preston_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampton-Preston House">Hampton-Preston House</a> and others associated with President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxcy_Gregg" title="Maxcy Gregg">Maxcy Gregg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Boykin_Chesnut" title="Mary Boykin Chesnut">Mary Boykin Chesnut</a>, and noted free black Celia Mann. In the early 1970s, the University of South Carolina initiated the refurbishment of its "Horseshoe". Several area museums also benefited from the increased historical interest of that time, among them the Fort Jackson Museum, the McKissick Museum on the campus of the University of South Carolina, and most notably the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_Museum" title="South Carolina State Museum">South Carolina State Museum</a>, which opened in 1988. </p><p>Mayor <a href="/wiki/Kirkman_Finlay_Jr." title="Kirkman Finlay Jr.">Kirkman Finlay Jr.</a>, was the driving force behind the refurbishment of Seaboard Park, now known as <a href="/wiki/Finlay_Park" title="Finlay Park">Finlay Park</a>, in the historic Congaree Vista district. His administration developed the $60 million Palmetto Center package, which resulted in construction of an office tower, parking garage, and the Columbia Marriott hotel, which opened in 1983. In 1980, the Columbia metropolitan population reached 410,088, and in 1990, this figure had hit roughly 470,000. During the 1970s and 1980s skyscrapers were constructed and other real-estate development took place throughout Columbia. To meet demand of businesses, the city constructed The <a href="/wiki/Tower_at_1301_Gervais" title="Tower at 1301 Gervais">Tower at 1301 Gervais</a> in 1973. In 1983, Hub at Columbia was constructed. In 1987, the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Center_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="Capitol Center (Columbia, South Carolina)">Capitol Center</a> was built, which became the tallest building in South Carolina. The <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a> Plaza was built in 1989. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century_and_recent_history">21st century and recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 21st century and recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_with_Nancy_Reagan_in_Columbia,_South_Carolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_with_Nancy_Reagan_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg/220px-Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_with_Nancy_Reagan_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_with_Nancy_Reagan_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg/330px-Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_with_Nancy_Reagan_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_with_Nancy_Reagan_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg/440px-Ronald_Reagan_campaigning_with_Nancy_Reagan_in_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>Governor <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> campaigning with <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> in Columbia, 1980</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1990s and early 2000s the city worked to revitalize the downtown, as businesses had been pulled out to the suburbs. The <a href="/wiki/Congaree_Vista" title="Congaree Vista">Congaree Vista</a> district along Gervais Street, once known as a warehouse district, became an area of art galleries, shops, and restaurants. The <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Life_Arena" title="Colonial Life Arena">Colonial Life Arena</a> (formerly known as the Colonial Center) opened in 2002, and brought several major entertainers and shows to Columbia. <a href="/wiki/EdVenture" title="EdVenture">EdVenture</a>, the largest children's museum in the Southeast, opened in 2003. The <a href="/wiki/Village_at_Sandhill" class="mw-redirect" title="Village at Sandhill">Village at Sandhill</a> shopping center opened in 2004 in northeast Richland County. </p><p>The Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center opened in 2004, and a new convention center hotel opened in September 2007. A public-private City Center Partnership has been formed to implement the downtown revitalization and boost downtown growth. In 2009, Columbia's most recent skyscraper, the Tower at Main and Gervais, was completed. Mayor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_K._Benjamin" title="Stephen K. Benjamin">Stephen K. Benjamin</a> started his first term in July 2010, elected as the first African-American mayor in the city's history. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gamecock_Women%27s_Basketball_Parade_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gamecock_Women%27s_Basketball_Parade_2022.jpg/220px-Gamecock_Women%27s_Basketball_Parade_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gamecock_Women%27s_Basketball_Parade_2022.jpg/330px-Gamecock_Women%27s_Basketball_Parade_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gamecock_Women%27s_Basketball_Parade_2022.jpg/440px-Gamecock_Women%27s_Basketball_Parade_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks_women%27s_basketball" title="South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball">Gamecock Women's Basketball</a> parade after winning the national championship, April 2022</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Founders_Park" title="Founders Park">Founders Park</a>, home of USC baseball, opened in 2009. The South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team won two NCAA national championships in 2010 and in 2011. The <a href="/wiki/2010_South_Carolina_Gamecocks_football_team" title="2010 South Carolina Gamecocks football team">2010 South Carolina Gamecocks football team</a>, under coach <a href="/wiki/Steve_Spurrier" title="Steve Spurrier">Steve Spurrier</a>, earned their first appearance in the SEC championship. Historic flooding in the city in October 2015 forced the Gamecocks football team to move their October 10 home game. <a href="/wiki/Segra_Park" title="Segra Park">Segra Park</a> (formerly Spirit Communications Park), home of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Fireflies" title="Columbia Fireflies">Columbia Fireflies</a>, opened in April 2016. In April 2017, the Gamecocks women's basketball team (under coach <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Staley" title="Dawn Staley">Dawn Staley</a>) won their first NCAA championship, and the men's basketball team went to the Final Four for the first time. They won their second national championship in 2022 and third in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Mast_General_Store" title="Mast General Store">Mast General Store</a> was opened in 2011. The <a href="/wiki/Music_Farm_(music_venue)" title="Music Farm (music venue)">Music Farm</a> (now called The Senate) opened a location in Columbia on Senate Street in 2014. In 2000, the Confederate battle flag was moved from the South Carolina State House to the Confederate monument. On July 10, 2015, the flag was removed from the monument to a museum in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a> a month before by Columbia-born resident <a href="/wiki/Dylann_Roof" title="Dylann Roof">Dylann Roof</a>. In August 2017, the central path of a <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_August_21,_2017" title="Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017">total solar eclipse</a> passed directly over the city and state capitol. </p><p>In March 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Samantha_Josephson" title="Murder of Samantha Josephson">murder of Samantha Josephson</a> gained national attention. In <a href="/wiki/Five_Points_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="Five Points (Columbia, South Carolina)">Five Points</a>, a neighborhood in Columbia known for its late-night bars, Samantha Josephson mistakenly entered into a car she believed was her <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a>. The driver, Nathaniel Rowland, killed Josephson, sparking laws around the United States to further regulate rideshare companies. In South Carolina, the Samantha L. Josephson Ridesharing Act requires rideshare drivers to display identifying lights and prohibits the misrepresentation of non-rideshare drivers as such.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar laws passed in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NY_SENATE_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_SENATE-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rowland was caught, convicted, and sentenced to two life sentences without the possibility of parole.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 28, 2022, federal legislation authorizing a study of ride-sharing safety practices, with passage by the US House and Senate, was sent to President Biden's desk.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2019, 10,000 people marched at the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Statehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina Statehouse">Statehouse</a> in the "All Out Rally" to protest issues surrounding education, including low teacher pay, high student-to-teacher ratios, and the general underfunding of education. The protest was led by <a href="/wiki/SC_for_Ed" title="SC for Ed">SC for Ed</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-learning</a> state advocacy group for teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a> in May 2020, protests and riots spread to <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_South_Carolina" title="George Floyd protests in South Carolina">South Carolina and Columbia</a>, which included the burning of several police cars and the breaking of business windows. </p><p>In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rickenmann" title="Daniel Rickenmann">Daniel Rickenmann</a> was elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Mayor of Columbia, South Carolina">mayor of Columbia</a>, defeating Democrat <a href="/wiki/Tameika_Isaac_Devine" title="Tameika Isaac Devine">Tameika Isaac Devine</a>. He succeeded <a href="/wiki/Stephen_K._Benjamin" title="Stephen K. Benjamin">Stephen K. Benjamin</a>, who did not seek reelection, in January 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 16, 2022, a <a href="/wiki/Columbiana_Centre_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbiana Centre shooting">mass shooting</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Columbiana_Centre" title="Columbiana Centre">Columbiana Centre</a> mall resulted in the injuries of 14 people. 10 were struck by gunfire while four sustained stampede-related injuries. Three men were arrested; Columbia police declared that the shooting was the result of an argument, not a random attack or <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Carolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/South_Carolina.jpg/220px-South_Carolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/South_Carolina.jpg/330px-South_Carolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/South_Carolina.jpg/440px-South_Carolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of Columbia taken from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gervais_Street_Bridge,_Gervais_Street_spanning_Congaree_River,_Columbia_(Richland_County,_South_Carolina).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gervais_Street_Bridge%2C_Gervais_Street_spanning_Congaree_River%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg/170px-Gervais_Street_Bridge%2C_Gervais_Street_spanning_Congaree_River%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gervais_Street_Bridge%2C_Gervais_Street_spanning_Congaree_River%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg/255px-Gervais_Street_Bridge%2C_Gervais_Street_spanning_Congaree_River%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gervais_Street_Bridge%2C_Gervais_Street_spanning_Congaree_River%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg/340px-Gervais_Street_Bridge%2C_Gervais_Street_spanning_Congaree_River%2C_Columbia_%28Richland_County%2C_South_Carolina%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3229" data-file-height="4596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gervais_Street_Bridge" title="Gervais Street Bridge">Gervais Street Bridge</a> over the Congaree River</figcaption></figure> <p>One of Columbia's more prominent geographical features is the fall line, the boundary between the upland <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont region</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coastal_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Coastal Plain">Atlantic Coastal Plain</a>, across which rivers drop as falls or rapids. Columbia developed at the fall line of the Congaree River, which is formed by the confluence of the Broad and Saluda rivers. The Congaree was the farthest inland point of river navigation. The energy of falling water also powered Columbia's early <a href="/wiki/Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">mills</a>. </p><p>The city has capitalized on this location, which includes three rivers, by identifying as "The Columbia Riverbanks Region". Columbia is located roughly halfway between the Atlantic Ocean and the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge Mountains</a>, at an elevation around 292 ft (89 m).<sup id="cite_ref-GR1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soils in Columbia are well drained in most cases, with grayish brown loamy sand topsoil. The subsoil may be yellowish-red, sandy clay loam (Orangeburg series), yellowish-brown sandy clay loam (Norfolk series), or strong brown sandy clay (Marlboro series). All belong to the <a href="/wiki/Ultisol" title="Ultisol">Ultisol</a> soil order.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 140.68 square miles (364.4 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 137.81 square miles (356.9 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 2.87 square miles (7.4 km<sup>2</sup>) (1.68%) is water.<sup id="cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately ⅔ of Columbia's land area, 81.2 square miles (210 km<sup>2</sup>), is contained within the Fort Jackson Military Installation, much of which consists of uninhabited training grounds. The actual inhabited area for the city is slightly more than 50 square miles (130 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusQuickFacts_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusQuickFacts-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Columbia has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfa</i>), with relatively cool to mild winters and hot and humid summers. The area averages 55 nights below freezing and is subject to temporary <a href="/wiki/Cold_wave" title="Cold wave">cold spells</a> during the winter, but extended cold or days where the temperature fails to rise above freezing are both rare.<sup id="cite_ref-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These cold snaps usually result from atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Trough_(meteorology)" title="Trough (meteorology)">troughs</a> that bring in cold air from Canada across the Eastern part of the country. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">USDA</a> places Columbia in the 8a <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">Hardiness Zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With an annual average of 5 days with 100 °F (38 °C)+ and 72 days with 90 °F (32 °C)+ temperatures,<sup id="cite_ref-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city's current promotional slogan describes Columbia as "Famously Hot".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the summer months, Columbia usually has the greatest high temperature in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One reason for this is its low <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevation</a> in comparison to other cities at similar latitudes.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> has a significantly higher elevation, which helps to moderate its summer temperatures. Secondly, the city lies in the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Sandhills_(Carolina)" title="Sandhills (Carolina)">Sandhills</a> region. Since the region's soils are more sandy, they contain less water and can warm up more quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This explains why usually only the high temperatures and not the low temperatures are much different from across the state. Thirdly, because of its distance from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, it does not receive the same moderating effects of coastal cities like <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a>. Lastly, the city experiences the <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a> effect, making it significantly warmer than some surrounding towns and cities. </p><p>Precipitation, at 44.6 inches (1,130 mm) annually, peaks in the summer months largely because of afternoon thunderstorms, and is the least during spring and fall.<sup id="cite_ref-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snowfall averages 1.5 inches (3.8 cm), but is largely variable depending on the year.<sup id="cite_ref-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snow flurries usually do fall at least once during the winter season during its coldest periods. Like much of the southeastern U.S., the city is prone to <a href="/wiki/Temperature_inversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperature inversion">inversions</a>, which trap ozone and other pollutants over the area. </p><p>Official extremes in temperature at the main weather station have ranged from 109 °F (43 °C) on <a href="/wiki/Summer_2012_North_American_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer 2012 North American heat wave">June 29 and 30, 2012</a> down to −2 °F (−19 °C), set on <a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1899" title="Great Blizzard of 1899">February 14, 1899</a>. Only one other sub-zero temperature has been recorded in Columbia: −1 °F (−18 °C) on <a href="/wiki/January_1985_Arctic_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1985 Arctic outbreak">January 21, 1985</a>. A weather station at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a> campus measured a reading of 113 °F (45 °C) on June 29, 2012, which is the highest temperature ever recorded in South Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Columbia, South Carolina (<a href="/wiki/Columbia_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Columbia Metropolitan Airport">Columbia Airport</a>), 1991–2020 normals,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extremes 1887–present<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">113<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">106<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">113<br />(45) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.5<br />(23.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.0<br />(25.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.1<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.0<br />(31.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.4<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.3<br />(36.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100.1<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.1<br />(37.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.2<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.6<br />(31.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.9<br />(27.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.8<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">101.5<br />(38.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.8<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.8<br />(16.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.3<br />(20.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.7<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.7<br />(32.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.7<br />(33.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.8<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5<br />(24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.4<br />(19.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.9<br />(14.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.6<br />(24.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.7<br />(7.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.1<br />(9.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.9<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.1<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.2<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.1<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.4<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.0<br />(27.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.5<br />(24.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.6<br />(18.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.0<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.7<br />(8.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64.3<br />(17.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.6<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5<br />(10.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.5<br />(15.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.6<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.0<br />(22.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.2<br />(21.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.3<br />(18.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7<br />(11.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.6<br />(5.3) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">53.0<br />(11.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(−7.6) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(−5.4) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(−3.1) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.2<br />(7.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.9<br />(14.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4<br />(18.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.5<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.7<br />(10.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(−3.2) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(−5.7) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.7<br />(−8.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1<br />(−18) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(−19) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(−16) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(−3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(4) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(−5) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(−11) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(−16) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−2<br />(−19) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.49<br />(89) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.39<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.57<br />(91) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.83<br />(72) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.49<br />(89) </td> <td style="background: #3CFF3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.97<br />(126) </td> <td style="background: #34FF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.35<br />(136) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.65<br />(118) </td> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.91<br />(99) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.13<br />(80) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.76<br />(70) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.70<br />(94) </td> <td style="background: #6DFF6D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">45.24<br />(1,149) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.2<br />(3.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">108.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000F5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.2 </td> <td style="background: #0303FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.8 </td> <td style="background: #0707FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.6 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000D9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.7 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.3 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">269.6 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">292.9 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">280.0 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">286.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">263.3 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239.8 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.8 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,826.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWS_Columbia,_SC_(CAE)-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCDC_TXT_KCAE_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDC_TXT_KCAE-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_1961–90_KCAE_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO_1961–90_KCAE-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_area">Metropolitan area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Metropolitan area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_metropolitan_area,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia metropolitan area, South Carolina">Columbia metropolitan area, South Carolina</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical area</a> of Columbia is the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_statistical_areas" title="South Carolina statistical areas">second-largest</a> in South Carolina, and had an estimated population of 858,302 in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-PopEstCBSA_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopEstCBSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Columbia's metropolitan counties include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_South_Carolina" title="Calhoun County, South Carolina">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_County,_South_Carolina" title="Fairfield County, South Carolina">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kershaw_County,_South_Carolina" title="Kershaw County, South Carolina">Kershaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington County, South Carolina">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland_County,_South_Carolina" title="Richland County, South Carolina">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluda_County,_South_Carolina" title="Saluda County, South Carolina">Saluda</a></li></ul> <p>Columbia's suburbs and environs include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blythewood,_South_Carolina" title="Blythewood, South Carolina">Blythewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_South_Carolina" title="Camden, South Carolina">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayce,_South_Carolina" title="Cayce, South Carolina">Cayce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsville,_South_Carolina" title="Dentsville, South Carolina">Dentsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Acres,_South_Carolina" title="Forest Acres, South Carolina">Forest Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmo,_South_Carolina" title="Irmo, South Carolina">Irmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington, South Carolina">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugoff,_South_Carolina" title="Lugoff, South Carolina">Lugoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Grove,_South_Carolina" title="Oak Grove, South Carolina">Oak Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bank,_South_Carolina" title="Red Bank, South Carolina">Red Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Oaks,_South_Carolina" title="Seven Oaks, South Carolina">Seven Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrews,_South_Carolina" title="St. Andrews, South Carolina">St. Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="West Columbia, South Carolina">West Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodfield,_South_Carolina" title="Woodfield, South Carolina">Woodfield</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hampton_neighborhood,_Columbia,_South_Carolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hampton_neighborhood%2C_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg/220px-Hampton_neighborhood%2C_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hampton_neighborhood%2C_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg/330px-Hampton_neighborhood%2C_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hampton_neighborhood%2C_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg/440px-Hampton_neighborhood%2C_Columbia%2C_South_Carolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Historic Hampton neighborhood</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elmwood_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Elmwood_Park.jpg/220px-Elmwood_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Elmwood_Park.jpg/330px-Elmwood_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Elmwood_Park.jpg/440px-Elmwood_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="1035" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elmwood_Park,_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Elmwood Park, Columbia, South Carolina">Elmwood Park</a> neighborhood</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Allen Benedict Court</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_Hill_(Columbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenal Hill (Columbia)">Arsenal Hill</a></li> <li>Ashley Hall</li> <li>Ashley Place</li> <li>Belvedere</li> <li>Bluff Estates</li> <li>Booker Washington Heights</li> <li>Brookstone</li> <li>Brandon Hall</li> <li>Burton Heights (Standish Acres)</li> <li>Colonial Heights</li> <li>Colonial Park</li> <li>Colony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congaree_Vista" title="Congaree Vista">Congaree Vista</a></li> <li>Cottontown/Bellevue Historic District</li> <li>Crane Forest</li> <li>Earlewood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire,_South_Carolina" title="Eau Claire, South Carolina">Eau Claire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmwood_Park,_Columbia,_SC" class="mw-redirect" title="Elmwood Park, Columbia, SC">Elmwood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Points_(Columbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Points (Columbia)">Five Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Acres,_South_Carolina" title="Forest Acres, South Carolina">Forest Acres</a></li> <li>Forest Hills</li> <li>Gable Oaks</li> <li>Granby Mill Village</li> <li>Greenview</li> <li>Gregg Park</li> <li>Gonzales Gardens</li> <li>Hastings Pointe Dr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_Policy_and_New_Community_Development_Act_of_1970#Thirteen_funded_developments" title="National Urban Policy and New Community Development Act of 1970">Harbison</a></li> <li>Heathwood</li> <li>Heritage Woods</li> <li>Highland Park</li> <li>Hollywood-Rose Hill</li> <li>Hollywood Hills</li> <li>Keenan Terrace</li> <li>Killian</li> <li>King's Grant</li> <li>Lake Carolina</li> <li>Lake Katherine</li> <li>Lincolnshire</li> <li>Long Creek Plantation</li> <li>Magnolia Hall</li> <li>Martin Luther King (Valley Park)</li> <li>Melrose Heights</li> <li>Old Shandon</li> <li>Old Woodlands</li> <li>Olympia Mill Village</li> <li>Pinehurst</li> <li>Robert Mills Historic Neighborhood</li> <li>Rockgate</li> <li>Rosewood</li> <li>Sherwood Forest</li> <li>Shandon</li> <li>The Summit</li> <li>Summerhill</li> <li>Spring Valley</li> <li>University Hill</li> <li>Wales Garden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly_Historic_District_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="Waverly Historic District (Columbia, South Carolina)">Waverly Historic District</a></li> <li>Villages at Longtown</li> <li>Wheeler Hill</li> <li>WildeWood</li> <li>Winchester</li> <li>Winslow</li> <li>Winterwood</li> <li>Woodcreek Farms</li> <li>Woodlake</li> <li>The Woodlands</li> <li>Yorkshire</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>3,310</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>4,340</td><td></td><td>31.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>6,060</td><td></td><td>39.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>9,052</td><td></td><td>49.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>12,298</td><td></td><td>35.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>10,036</td><td></td><td>−18.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>15,353</td><td></td><td>53.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>21,108</td><td></td><td>37.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>26,319</td><td></td><td>24.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>37,524</td><td></td><td>42.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>51,581</td><td></td><td>37.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>62,396</td><td></td><td>21.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>86,914</td><td></td><td>39.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>97,433</td><td></td><td>12.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>112,542</td><td></td><td>15.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>108,208</td><td></td><td>−3.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>110,852</td><td></td><td>2.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>116,278</td><td></td><td>4.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>129,272</td><td></td><td>11.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>136,632</td><td></td><td>5.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">142,416</td><td><sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusQuickFacts_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusQuickFacts-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td>4.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Columbia city, South Carolina – Racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>55,993 </td> <td>64,062 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">67,238 </td> <td>48.15% </td> <td>49.56% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">49.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>53,052 </td> <td>53,948 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">52,038 </td> <td>45.63% </td> <td>41.73% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">38.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>260 </td> <td>363 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">301 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td>0.28% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,977 </td> <td>2,846 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4,152 </td> <td>1.70% </td> <td>2.20% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>87 </td> <td>150 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">113 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Some Other Race alone (NH) </td> <td>140 </td> <td>162 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">409 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or Multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>1,249 </td> <td>2,119 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4,278 </td> <td>1.07% </td> <td>1.64% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>3,520 </td> <td>5,622 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">8,103 </td> <td>3.03% </td> <td>4.35% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5.93% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>116,278</b> </td> <td><b>129,272</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>136,632</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, there were 136,632 people, 45,474 households, and 22,243 families residing in the city. </p><p>As of 2023, of the 136,632 people, about 136,045 are in Richland County and about 587 are in Lexington County.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_census">2010 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2010 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>, there were 129,272 people, 52,471 total households, and 22,638 families residing in the city. The population density was 928.6 people per square mile (358.5 people/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 46,142 housing units at an average density of 368.5 per square mile (142.3/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 51.27% <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">White</a>, 42.20% <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Black</a>, 2.20% <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Asian</a>, 0.25% <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Native American</a>, 0.30% <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Pacific Islander</a>, 1.50% from <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">other races</a>, and 2.00% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Latino</a> of any race were 4.30% of the population. </p><p>There were 45,666 households, out of which 22.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.7% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.4% were nonfamilies. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.94. </p><p>In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 22.9% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males. </p><p>The median income for a household in the city was $31,141, and the <a href="/wiki/Median_income" title="Median income">median income</a> for a family was $39,589. Males had a median income of $30,925 versus $24,679 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,853. About 17.0% of families and 22.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.7% of those under the age of 18 and 16.9% ages 65 or older. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> has 241 congregations and 115,000 members. The <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> has 122 congregations and 51,000 members. The Evangelical Lutheran Church has 71 congregations and 25,400 members. The PC (USA) has 34 congregations and 15,000 members; the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_America" title="Presbyterian Church in America">Presbyterian Church in America</a> has 22 congregations and 8,000 members. Columbia is see city of the Episcopal Diocese of Upper South Carolina, and Trinity Episcopal Cathedral is located across the street from the state capitol. The Catholic Church has 14 parishes, including the Basilica of Saint Peter, the state's only minor basilica and the 85th church in the U.S. to receive this designation from the Vatican.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three Jewish synagogues. There are three different Islamic masjids providing places of worship for more than 600 Muslim families living in Columbia. There is one Greek Orthodox Church in Columbia. There are two Hindu Temples in the city, Hindu Temple of South Carolina and BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Columbia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FirstCitizensBankHQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/FirstCitizensBankHQ.jpg/170px-FirstCitizensBankHQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/FirstCitizensBankHQ.jpg/255px-FirstCitizensBankHQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/FirstCitizensBankHQ.jpg/340px-FirstCitizensBankHQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/First_Citizens_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="First Citizens Bank">First Citizens Bank</a> building at the corner of Main and Lady streets</figcaption></figure> <p>Columbia has a diversified economy, with the major employers in the area being the South Carolina state government, the <a href="/wiki/Prisma_Health" title="Prisma Health">Prisma Health</a> hospital system, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_of_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina">Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina</a>, Palmetto GBA, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a>. Other major employers in the Columbia area include <a href="/wiki/Computer_Sciences_Corporation" title="Computer Sciences Corporation">Computer Sciences Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Jackson_(South_Carolina)" title="Fort Jackson (South Carolina)">Fort Jackson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a>'s largest and most active initial entry training installation,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richland School District One, <a href="/wiki/Humana" title="Humana">Humana</a>/TriCare, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">United Parcel Service</a>, which operates its Southeastern Regional Hub at the Columbia Metropolitan Airport. Major manufacturers such as <a href="/wiki/Square_D" title="Square D">Square D</a>, CMC Steel, Spirax Sarco, <a href="/wiki/Michelin" title="Michelin">Michelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Paper" title="International Paper">International Paper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli">Pirelli</a> Cables, <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company" title="Westinghouse Electric Company">Westinghouse Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harsco" class="mw-redirect" title="Harsco">Harsco</a> Track Tech, <a href="/wiki/Trane" title="Trane">Trane</a>, Intertape Polymer Group, <a href="/wiki/Union_Switch_%26_Signal" title="Union Switch & Signal">Union Switch & Signal</a>, <a href="/wiki/FN_Herstal" title="FN Herstal">FN Herstal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solectron" title="Solectron">Solectron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose</a> Technology have facilities in the Columbia area. There are over 70 foreign affiliated companies and fourteen <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies in the region. </p><p>Several companies have their global, continental, or national headquarters in Columbia, including <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Life_%26_Accident_Insurance_Company" title="Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company">Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company</a>, the second-largest supplemental insurance company in the nation; the Ritedose Corporation, a <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical industry</a> services company; <a href="/wiki/AgFirst" title="AgFirst">AgFirst Farm Credit Bank</a>, the largest bank headquartered in the state with over $30 billion in assets (the non-commercial bank is part of the <a href="/wiki/Farm_Credit_System" title="Farm Credit System">Farm Credit System</a>, the largest agricultural lending organization in the United States which was established by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> in 1916); South State Bank, the largest commercial bank headquartered in South Carolina; <a href="/wiki/Nexsen_Pruet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nexsen Pruet">Nexsen Pruet</a>, LLC, a multi-specialty business law firm in the Carolinas; Spectrum Medical, an international medical software company; Wilbur Smith Associates, a full-service transportation and infrastructure consulting firm; and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mullins" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Mullins">Nelson Mullins</a>, a major national law firm. CSC's Financial Services Group, a major provider of software and outsourcing services to the insurance industry, is headquartered in the Columbia suburb of Blythewood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Downtown_revitalization">Downtown revitalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Downtown revitalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_Street_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lady_Street_edited.jpg/300px-Lady_Street_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lady_Street_edited.jpg/450px-Lady_Street_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lady_Street_edited.jpg/600px-Lady_Street_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2036" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>Lady Street in the historic <a href="/wiki/Congaree_Vista" title="Congaree Vista">Congaree Vista</a> district downtown</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Columbia has recently accomplished a number of urban redevelopment projects and has several more planned.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historic <a href="/wiki/Congaree_Vista" title="Congaree Vista">Congaree Vista</a>, a 1,200-acre (5 km<sup>2</sup>) district running from the central business district toward the Congaree River, features a number of historic buildings that have been rehabilitated since its revitalization begun in the late 1980s. Of note is the <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_reuse" title="Adaptive reuse">adaptive reuse</a> of the Confederate Printing Plant on Gervais and Huger, used to print Confederate bills during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. The city cooperated with <a href="/wiki/Publix" title="Publix">Publix</a> grocery stores to preserve the look. This won Columbia an award from the International Downtown Association.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vista district is also where the region's convention center and anchor <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Hotels" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilton Hotels">Hilton</a> hotel with a <a href="/wiki/Ruth%27s_Chris_Steakhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruth's Chris Steakhouse">Ruth's Chris Steakhouse</a> restaurant are located. Other notable developments under construction and recently completed include high-end condos and townhomes, hotels, and mixed-use structures. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:209px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MainStreetbanner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/MainStreetbanner.jpg/157px-MainStreetbanner.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/MainStreetbanner.jpg/236px-MainStreetbanner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/MainStreetbanner.jpg/314px-MainStreetbanner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A downtown lightpost banner heralds Columbia's "New Main Street" as part of an effort to reinfuse life and vitality into Main Street.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:209px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nickelodeon_theatre_in_Columbia,_SC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nickelodeon_theatre_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/157px-Nickelodeon_theatre_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nickelodeon_theatre_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/236px-Nickelodeon_theatre_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nickelodeon_theatre_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/314px-Nickelodeon_theatre_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Nickelodeon theatre in Columbia, SC during COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The older buildings lining the Vista's main thoroughfare, Gervais Street, now house art galleries, restaurants, unique shops, and professional office space. Near the end of Gervais is the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_Museum" title="South Carolina State Museum">South Carolina State Museum</a> and the EdVenture Children's Museum. Private student housing and some residential projects are going up nearby; the CanalSide development<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the site of the old Central Correctional Institution, is the most high-profile. Completed in 2018, CanalSide is a 23-acre mixed-use development in the Vista on the Congaree River and is home to 750 residential rental apartments: townhomes, condominiums and lofts. Lady Street between Huger and Assembly streets in the Vista and the <a href="/wiki/Five_Points_(Columbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Points (Columbia)">Five Points neighborhood</a> have undergone beautification projects, which mainly consisted of replacing curbs and gutters, and adding brick-paved sidewalks and angled parking. </p><p>Special revitalization efforts are being aimed at Main Street, which began seeing an exodus of department and specialty stores in the 1990s. The goal is to re-establish Main Street as a vibrant commercial and residential corridor, and the stretch of Main Street home to most businesses—-from Gervais to Blanding streets—-has been streetscaped in recent years. Notable developments completed in recent years along Main Street include an 18-story, $60 million tower at the high-profile corner of Main and Gervais streets, the renovation of the 1441 Main Street office building as the new Midlands headquarters for <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo</a> Bank (formerly <a href="/wiki/Wachovia" title="Wachovia">Wachovia</a> Bank), a new sanctuary for the Holy Trinity <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox">Greek Orthodox</a> Church, the location of Mast General store in the historic <a href="/wiki/Efird%27s_Department_Store" title="Efird's Department Store">Efird's building</a>, and the relocation of the Nickelodeon theater. A façade improvement program for the downtown business district, implemented in 2011, has resulted in the restoration and improvement of the façades of several historic Main Street shopfronts. One of the most ambitious development projects in the city's history is currently underway which involves old state mental health campus downtown on Bull Street. Known formally as Columbia Common, this project will consist of rehabbing several historic buildings on the campus, as well as constructing new buildings, for residential, hospitality, and retail use.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A minor league baseball stadium was built on the campus in 2016. Named <a href="/wiki/Segra_Park" title="Segra Park">Segra Park</a>, it is home to the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Fireflies" title="Columbia Fireflies">Columbia Fireflies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Soda_City_Market">Soda City Market</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Soda City Market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soda_City_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Soda_City_Market.jpg/192px-Soda_City_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Soda_City_Market.jpg/288px-Soda_City_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Soda_City_Market.jpg/384px-Soda_City_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Soda City Market in Columbia</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_vendor_at_Soda_City_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Street_vendor_at_Soda_City_Market.jpg/192px-Street_vendor_at_Soda_City_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Street_vendor_at_Soda_City_Market.jpg/288px-Street_vendor_at_Soda_City_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Street_vendor_at_Soda_City_Market.jpg/384px-Street_vendor_at_Soda_City_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Street vendor at Soda City Market</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In November 2005, the Soda City Market, an outdoor market, was established as part of Main Street's revitalization. Every Saturday from 9:00 a.m. to 1 p.m., Main Street is closed to vehicular traffic. On average, 150 vendors sell at the market each week, and it is estimated that approximately 5,000 shoppers attend.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The market contributes approximately 5 million dollars in sales annually.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Items sold are typically handmade and local, including produce, cuisine, paintings, jewelry, and other crafted items. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_installations">Military installations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Military installations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Jackson_(South_Carolina)" title="Fort Jackson (South Carolina)">Fort Jackson</a> is the U.S. Army's largest training post.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McEntire_Joint_National_Guard_Base" title="McEntire Joint National Guard Base">McEntire Joint National Guard Base</a> is under command of the South Carolina Air National Guard.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ColumbiaMuseumofArt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/ColumbiaMuseumofArt.jpg/220px-ColumbiaMuseumofArt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/ColumbiaMuseumofArt.jpg/330px-ColumbiaMuseumofArt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/ColumbiaMuseumofArt.jpg/440px-ColumbiaMuseumofArt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2044" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbia Museum of Art">Columbia Museum of Art</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SCStateMuseum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/SCStateMuseum.JPG/220px-SCStateMuseum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/SCStateMuseum.JPG/330px-SCStateMuseum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/SCStateMuseum.JPG/440px-SCStateMuseum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_Museum" title="South Carolina State Museum">South Carolina State Museum</a> in textile mill built in 1894</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EdVenture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/EdVenture.jpg/220px-EdVenture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/EdVenture.jpg/330px-EdVenture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/EdVenture.jpg/440px-EdVenture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/EdVenture" title="EdVenture">EdVenture</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RichlandCountyPublicLibraryfacade.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/RichlandCountyPublicLibraryfacade.JPG/220px-RichlandCountyPublicLibraryfacade.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/RichlandCountyPublicLibraryfacade.JPG/330px-RichlandCountyPublicLibraryfacade.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/RichlandCountyPublicLibraryfacade.JPG/440px-RichlandCountyPublicLibraryfacade.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richland_County_Public_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Richland County Public Library">Richland County Public Library</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_art_in_Columbia,_SC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Wall_art_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/220px-Wall_art_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Wall_art_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/330px-Wall_art_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Wall_art_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/440px-Wall_art_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Wall art in Columbia's Five Points</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Alternacirque, professional circus that produces variety shows and full-scale themed productions. Formed in 2007, Alternacirque is directed by Natalie Brown.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Busted Plug Plaza, location of Busted Plug, the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Fire_hydrant" title="Fire hydrant">fire hydrant</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> was erected in 2001 by Columbia artist known as <a href="/wiki/Blue_Sky_(artist)" title="Blue Sky (artist)">Blue Sky</a>. The sculpture is located on Taylor Street in downtown Columbia.</li> <li>Columbia Choral Society, performing throughout the community since 1930. Under the direction of William Carswell, the group strives to stimulate and broaden interest in musical activities and to actively engage in the rehearsal and rendition of choral music.</li> <li>Columbia City Ballet, Columbia's ballet company, offering more than 80 major performances annually. Artistic director William Starrett, formerly of the Joffrey Ballet and American Ballet Theatre, runs the company.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_City_Jazz_Dance_Company" title="Columbia City Jazz Dance Company">Columbia City Jazz Dance Company</a>, formed in 1990 by artistic director Dale Lam, was named one of the "Top 50 Dance Companies in the USA" by Dance Spirit magazine. Columbia City Jazz specializes in modern, lyrical, and percussive jazz dance styles and has performed locally, regionally, and nationally in exhibitions, competitions, community functions, and international tours in Singapore, <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>, Bulgaria, and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Columbia Marionette Theatre, only free standing theatre in the nation devoted entirely to marionette arts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Museum_of_Art" title="Columbia Museum of Art">Columbia Museum of Art</a>, features changing exhibits throughout the year. Located at the corner of Hampton and Main Streets, the museum offers art, lectures, films, and guided tours.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EdVenture" title="EdVenture">EdVenture</a>, one of the South's largest children's museums and the second largest in South Carolina. It is located next to the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_Museum" title="South Carolina State Museum">South Carolina State Museum</a> on Gervais Street. The museum allows children to explore and learn while having fun.</li> <li>McKissick Museum, located on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a> campus. The museum features changing exhibitions of art, science, regional history, and folk art.</li> <li>Nickelodeon Theater, a 2-screen, store front theater located on Main Street between Taylor and Blanding Streets. In operation since 1979, "the Nick", run by the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Film_Society" title="Columbia Film Society">Columbia Film Society</a>, is home to two film screenings each evening and an additional matinée three days a week. The Nick is the only non-profit art house film theater in South Carolina and is the home for 25,000 filmgoers each year.</li> <li>Palmetto Opera, debuted in 2003 with a performance of "Love, Murder & Revenge," a mixture of scenes from famous operas. The organization's mission is to present professional opera to the Midlands and South Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pocket Productions, an arts organization devoted to inspiring and expanding the arts community in Columbia, SC, through ArtRageous,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Playing After Dark<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other community-based collaborative events.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland_Library" title="Richland Library">Richland County Public Library</a>, named the 2001 National Library of the Year, serves area citizens through its main library and nine branches. The 242,000-square-foot (22,500 m<sup>2</sup>) main library has a large book collection, provides reference services, utilizes the latest technology, houses a children's collection, and displays artwork.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Confederate_Relic_Room_%26_Military_Museum" title="South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum">South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum</a>, an artifact collection from the Colonial period to the space age. The museum houses a diverse collection of artifacts from the South Carolina confederate period. It is located in the South Carolina State Museum building.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Philharmonic" title="South Carolina Philharmonic">South Carolina Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, Columbia's resident orchestra. The Philharmonic produces a full season of orchestral performances each year. Renowned musicians come to Columbia to perform as guest artists with the orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2008 <a href="/wiki/Morihiko_Nakahara" title="Morihiko Nakahara">Morihiko Nakahara</a> was named the new music director of the Philharmonic.</li> <li>South Carolina Shakespeare Company, performs the plays of Shakespeare and other classical works throughout the state.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_Museum" title="South Carolina State Museum">South Carolina State Museum</a>, a comprehensive museum with exhibits in science, technology, history, and the arts. It is the state's largest museum and one of the largest museums in the Southeast.</li> <li>South Carolina State Library, provides library services to all citizens of South Carolina through the interlibrary loan service utilized by the public libraries located in each county.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Theatre" title="Town Theatre">Town Theatre</a>, oldest community theatre in continuous use. Located a block from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a> campus, its playhouse is listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>. Since 1917, the theatre has produced plays and musicals of wide general appeal.</li> <li>Trustus Theatre, Columbia's professional theatre company. Founded more than 20 years ago, Trustus brought a new dimension to theatre in South Carolina's capital city. Patrons have the opportunity to watch new shows directly from the stages of New York as well as classic shows rarely seen in Columbia.</li> <li>Workshop Theatre of South Carolina, opened in 1967 as a place where area directors could practice their craft. The theatre produces musicals and Broadway fare and also brings new theatrical material to Columbia.</li></ul> <p>Movies filmed in the Columbia area include <a href="/wiki/The_Program_(1993_film)" title="The Program (1993 film)"><i>The Program</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Man_(film)" title="Renaissance Man (film)"><i>Renaissance Man</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chasers" title="Chasers">Chasers</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Death_Sentence_(2007_film)" title="Death Sentence (2007 film)"><i>Death Sentence</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Guy_Named_Joe" title="A Guy Named Joe">A Guy Named Joe</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Accidental_Love" title="Accidental Love">Accidental Love</a>/Nailed</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venues">Venues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cola_Met_Conv_Cntr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/10/Cola_Met_Conv_Cntr.jpg/220px-Cola_Met_Conv_Cntr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/10/Cola_Met_Conv_Cntr.jpg/330px-Cola_Met_Conv_Cntr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/10/Cola_Met_Conv_Cntr.jpg/440px-Cola_Met_Conv_Cntr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1136" /></a><figcaption>Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Columbia_Metropolitan_Convention_Center">Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center, which opened in September 2004 as South Carolina's only downtown convention center,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a 142,500-square-foot (13,240 m<sup>2</sup>), modern, state-of-the-art facility designed to host a variety of meetings and conventions. Located in the historic Congaree Vista district, this facility is close to restaurants, antique and specialty shops, art galleries, and various nightlife venues. The main exhibit hall contains almost 25,000 square feet (2,300 m<sup>2</sup>) of space; the Columbia Ballroom over 18,000 square feet (1,700 m<sup>2</sup>); and the five meeting rooms ranging in size from 1500 to 4,000 square feet (400 m<sup>2</sup>) add another 15,000 square feet (1,400 m<sup>2</sup>) of space. The facility is located next to the Colonial Life Arena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Koger_Center_for_the_Arts">Koger Center for the Arts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Koger Center for the Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Koger_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Koger Center for the Arts">Koger Center for the Arts</a> provides Columbia with theatre, music, and dance performances that range from local acts to global acts.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The facility seats 2,256 persons. The center is named for philanthropists Ira and Nancy Koger, who made a substantial donation from personal and corporate funds for construction of the $15 million center. The first performance at the Koger Center was given by the <a href="/wiki/London_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="London Philharmonic Orchestra">London Philharmonic Orchestra</a> and took place on Saturday, January 14, 1989. The facility is known for hosting diverse events, from the State of the State Address to the South Carolina Body Building Championship and the South Carolina Science Fair. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koger_Center_for_the_Arts_May_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Koger_Center_for_the_Arts_May_2007.jpg/220px-Koger_Center_for_the_Arts_May_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Koger_Center_for_the_Arts_May_2007.jpg/330px-Koger_Center_for_the_Arts_May_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Koger_Center_for_the_Arts_May_2007.jpg/440px-Koger_Center_for_the_Arts_May_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Koger_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Koger Center for the Arts">Koger Center for the Arts</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Carolina_Coliseum">Carolina Coliseum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Carolina Coliseum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CarolinaColiseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CarolinaColiseum.jpg/220px-CarolinaColiseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CarolinaColiseum.jpg/330px-CarolinaColiseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/CarolinaColiseum.jpg/440px-CarolinaColiseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="1449" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Carolina_Coliseum" title="Carolina Coliseum">Carolina Coliseum</a> (1968) facing Assembly St.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Coliseum" title="Carolina Coliseum">Carolina Coliseum</a>, which opened in 1968, is a 12,401-seat facility which initially served as the home of the USC Gamecocks' basketball teams. The arena could be easily adapted to serve other entertainment purposes, including concerts, car shows, circuses, ice shows, and other events. The versatility and quality of the coliseum at one time allowed the university to use the facility for performing arts events such as the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Pops" title="Boston Pops">Boston Pops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Symphony">Chicago Symphony</a>, Feld Ballet, and other performances by important artists. An acoustical shell and a state-of-the-art lighting system assisted the coliseum in presenting such activities. The coliseum was the home of the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Inferno" title="Columbia Inferno">Columbia Inferno</a>, an <a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> team. However, since the construction of the Colonial Life Arena in 2002, the coliseum now is the center for the men's and women's basketball programs, with the center arena now housing the two main practice courts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Township_Auditorium">Township Auditorium</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Township Auditorium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Township_Auditorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Township Auditorium">Township Auditorium</a> seats 3,099 capacity and is located in downtown Columbia. The <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian Revival</a> building was designed by the Columbia architectural firm of Lafaye and Lafaye and constructed in 1930. The Township has hosted thousands of events from concerts to conventions to wrestling matches. The auditorium was listed in the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> on September 28, 2005, and has recently undergone a $12 million extensive interior and exterior renovation.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Columbia sports teams </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Club </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>League </th> <th>Venue </th> <th>Capacity </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks_football" title="South Carolina Gamecocks football">SC Gamecocks football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> </td> <td align="center">1892 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Conference" title="Southeastern Conference">SEC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Williams-Brice_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams-Brice Stadium">Williams-Brice Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">80,250 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks_women%27s_basketball" title="South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball">SC Gamecocks women's basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td align="center">1974 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Conference" title="Southeastern Conference">SEC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Life_Arena" title="Colonial Life Arena">Colonial Life Arena</a> </td> <td align="center">18,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks_men%27s_basketball" title="South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball">SC Gamecocks men's basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td align="center">1908 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Conference" title="Southeastern Conference">SEC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Life_Arena" title="Colonial Life Arena">Colonial Life Arena</a> </td> <td align="center">18,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Fireflies" title="Columbia Fireflies">Columbia Fireflies</a> </td> <td>Baseball </td> <td align="center">2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carolina_League" title="Carolina League">Carolina League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Segra_Park" title="Segra Park">Segra Park</a> </td> <td align="center">9,077 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SC_United_Bantams" title="SC United Bantams">SC United Bantams</a> </td> <td>Soccer </td> <td align="center">2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USL2" class="mw-redirect" title="USL2">USL2</a> </td> <td>Southeastern Freight Lines Soccer Center </td> <td align="center">2,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Olde_Grey" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Olde Grey">Columbia Olde Grey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">Rugby Union</a> </td> <td align="center">1967 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USA_Rugby" title="USA Rugby">USA Rugby</a> </td> <td>Patton Stadium </td> <td align="center"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The most popular sports in Columbia are the sports programs at the University of South Carolina. Columbia also offers minor league, semi-pro, and amateur sports. In April 2017, the women's Gamecocks basketball team won <a href="/wiki/2017_NCAA_Division_I_women%27s_basketball_tournament" title="2017 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament">the NCAA national championship</a>, defeating <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Bulldogs_women%27s_basketball" title="Mississippi State Bulldogs women's basketball">Mississippi State</a> 67–55.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Columbia has also hosted the women's U.S. Olympic Marathon Trials in 1996 and 2000<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 2007 Junior Wildwater World Championships, which featured many European canoe and kayak racers.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Colonial Life Arena has also hosted <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> exhibition games.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_venues">Sports venues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sports venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Williams-Brice_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams-Brice Stadium">Williams-Brice Stadium</a> is the home of the USC Gamecocks' football team and is the 24th largest college football stadium in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seats 80,250 people and is located just south of downtown Columbia. The stadium was built in 1934 with the help of federal Works Progress Administration funds, and initially seated 17,600. The original name was Carolina Stadium, but on September 9, 1972, it was renamed to honor the Williams and Brice families. Mrs. Martha Williams-Brice had left much of her estate to the university for stadium renovations and expansions. Her late husband, Thomas H. Brice, played football for the university from 1922 to 1924. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ColonialLifeArena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ColonialLifeArena.jpg/220px-ColonialLifeArena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ColonialLifeArena.jpg/330px-ColonialLifeArena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ColonialLifeArena.jpg/440px-ColonialLifeArena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Life_Arena" title="Colonial Life Arena">Colonial Life Arena</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Life_Arena" title="Colonial Life Arena">Colonial Life Arena</a>, opened in 2002; it has 18,000 seats for college basketball, it is the largest arena in the state of South Carolina,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving as the home of the men's and women's USC Gamecocks basketball teams. Located on the University of South Carolina campus, this facility features 41 suites, four entertainment suites, and the Frank McGuire Club, a full-service hospitality room with a capacity of 300. The facility has padded seating, a sound system, and a four-sided video scoreboard.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The $13 million <a href="/wiki/Charlie_W._Johnson_Stadium" title="Charlie W. Johnson Stadium">Charlie W. Johnson Stadium</a> is the home of <a href="/wiki/Benedict_College" title="Benedict College">Benedict College</a> football and soccer. The structure was completed and dedicated in 2006 and seats 11,000 with a maximum capacity of 16,000. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Founders_Park" title="Founders Park">Founders Park</a> opened in 2009. Seating 8,400 permanently for college baseball and an additional 1,000 for standing room only, it is the largest baseball stadium in the state of South Carolina. It serves as the home of the University of South Carolina Gamecocks' baseball team. Located near Granby Park near downtown Columbia, this facility features entertainment suites, a picnic terrace, and a dining deck. The facility also features a sound system and scoreboard.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 6, 2015, developers broke ground on the $37 million <a href="/wiki/Segra_Park" title="Segra Park">Segra Park</a>. The stadium is the home for the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Fireflies" title="Columbia Fireflies">Columbia Fireflies</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> team playing in the <a href="/wiki/Low-A_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-A East">Low-A East</a>. It opened in April 2016 and can seat up to 7,501 people. Columbia had been without minor league baseball since the <a href="/wiki/Capital_City_Bombers" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital City Bombers">Capital City Bombers</a> relocated to <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville, South Carolina</a>, in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-milb_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milb-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FinlayPark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/FinlayPark.jpg/220px-FinlayPark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/FinlayPark.jpg/330px-FinlayPark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/FinlayPark.jpg/440px-FinlayPark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Finlay_Park" title="Finlay Park">Finlay Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Finlay_Park" title="Finlay Park">Finlay Park</a> has hosted events from festivals and political rallies to road races and Easter Sunrise services. This 18-acre (73,000 m<sup>2</sup>) park has had two lives; first dedicated in 1859 as Sidney Park, named in honor of Algernon Sidney Johnson, a Columbia City Councilman, the park experienced an illustrious but short tenure. The park fell into disrepair after the Civil War and served as a site for commercial ventures until the late 20th century. In 1990, the park was reopened. It serves as the site for such events as Kids Day, The Summer Concert Series, plus many more activities. In 1992, the park was renamed Finlay Park, in honor of Kirkman Finlay, by former mayor of Columbia, <a href="/wiki/T._Patton_Adams" title="T. Patton Adams">T. Patton Adams</a>, who had a vision to reenergize the historic Congaree Vista district, between Main Street and the river, and recreate the site that was formerly known as Sidney Park. In 2023, the city broke ground on a $24 million redesign of the park which will include a rebuilt central fountain, a new band stage, public art, enhanced lawn areas, and new amenities such as strolling gardens and an overlook plaza.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Memorial_Park.jpg/220px-Memorial_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Memorial_Park.jpg/330px-Memorial_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Memorial_Park.jpg/440px-Memorial_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1451" /></a><figcaption>Memorial Park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giraffe_being_fed_at_Riverbanks_Zoo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Giraffe_being_fed_at_Riverbanks_Zoo.JPG/220px-Giraffe_being_fed_at_Riverbanks_Zoo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Giraffe_being_fed_at_Riverbanks_Zoo.JPG/330px-Giraffe_being_fed_at_Riverbanks_Zoo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Giraffe_being_fed_at_Riverbanks_Zoo.JPG/440px-Giraffe_being_fed_at_Riverbanks_Zoo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Riverbanks_Zoo_%26_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverbanks Zoo & Garden">Riverbanks Zoo & Garden</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A548,_Congaree_National_Park,_South_Carolina,_USA,_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/A548%2C_Congaree_National_Park%2C_South_Carolina%2C_USA%2C_2012.jpg/220px-A548%2C_Congaree_National_Park%2C_South_Carolina%2C_USA%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/A548%2C_Congaree_National_Park%2C_South_Carolina%2C_USA%2C_2012.jpg/330px-A548%2C_Congaree_National_Park%2C_South_Carolina%2C_USA%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/A548%2C_Congaree_National_Park%2C_South_Carolina%2C_USA%2C_2012.jpg/440px-A548%2C_Congaree_National_Park%2C_South_Carolina%2C_USA%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Congaree_National_Park" title="Congaree National Park">Congaree National Park</a> swamp boardwalk</figcaption></figure> <p>Memorial Park is a 4-acre (16,000 m<sup>2</sup>) tract of land in the Congaree Vista between Main Street and the river. The property is bordered by Hampton, Gadsden, Washington, and Wayne Streets and is one block south of Finlay Park. This park was created to serve as a memorial to those who served their country and presently has monuments honoring the <a href="/wiki/USS_Columbia" title="USS Columbia">USS Columbia</a> warship and those that served with her during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the China-Burma-India Theater Veterans of WWII, casualties of the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a> attack of December 7, 1941, who were from South Carolina, <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_survivors" title="Holocaust survivors">Holocaust survivors</a> who live in South Carolina as well as concentration camp liberators from South Carolina, and the State <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> Veterans. The park was dedicated in November 1986 along with the unveiling of the South Carolina Vietnam Monument. In June 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> Memorial was dedicated at Memorial Park. In November 2014, Columbia native and resident of Boston, Henry Crede, gave a bronze statue and plaza in the park dedicated to his WWII comrades who served in the Navy from South Carolina. </p><p>Granby Park opened in November 1998 as a gateway to the rivers of Columbia, adding another access to the many river activities available to residents. Granby is part of the Three Rivers Greenway, a system of green spaces along the banks of the rivers in Columbia, adding another piece to the long-range plan and eventually connecting to the existing Riverfront Park. Granby is a 24-acre (97,000 m<sup>2</sup>) linear park with canoe access points, fishing spots, bridges, and ½ mile of nature trail along the banks of the Congaree River. </p><p>In the Five Points district of downtown Columbia is the park dedicated to the legacy and memory of civil rights leader, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> Formerly known as Valley Park, it was renamed in the late 1980s. The park features a water sculpture and a community center. An integral element of the park is the Stone of Hope monument, unveiled in January 1996. The monument is inscribed with a portion of King's 1964 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> acceptance speech: "History is cluttered with the wreckage of nations and individuals that pursued that self-defeating path of hate. Love is the key to the solutions of the problems of the world." </p><p>One of Columbia's greatest assets is <a href="/wiki/Riverbanks_Zoo" title="Riverbanks Zoo">Riverbanks Zoo & Garden</a>. Riverbanks Zoo is a sanctuary for more than 2,000 animals housed in natural habitat exhibits along the Saluda River. Just across the river, the 70-acre (280,000 m<sup>2</sup>) botanical garden is devoted to gardens, woodlands, plant collections, and historic ruins. Riverbanks has been named one of America's best zoos<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the No. 1 travel attraction in the Southeast.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It attracted over one million visitors in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Situated along the meandering Congaree River in central South Carolina, <a href="/wiki/Congaree_National_Park" title="Congaree National Park">Congaree National Park</a> is home to champion trees, primeval forest landscapes, and diverse plant and animal life. This 22,200-acre (90 km<sup>2</sup>) park protects the largest contiguous tract of old-growth bottomland hardwood forest remaining in the United States. The park is an international <a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere reserve">biosphere reserve</a>. Known for its giant hardwoods and towering pines, the park's floodplain forest includes one of the highest canopies in the world and some of the tallest trees in the eastern United States. Congaree National Park provides a sanctuary for plants and animals, a research site for scientists, and a place to walk and relax in a tranquil wilderness setting. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_State_Park" title="Sesquicentennial State Park">Sesquicentennial State Park</a> is a 1,419-acre (6 km<sup>2</sup>) park, featuring a 30-acre (120,000 m<sup>2</sup>) lake surrounded by trails and picnic areas. The park's proximity to downtown Columbia and three major interstate highways attracts both local residents and travelers. Sesquicentennial is often the site of family reunions and group campouts. Interpretive nature programs are a major attraction to the park. The park also contains a two-story log house, dating back to the mid 18th century, which was relocated to the park in 1969. This house is believed to be the oldest building still standing in Richland County. The park was originally built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s. Evidence of their craftsmanship is still present today. </p><p>In November 1996, the River Alliance proposed that a 12-mile (19 km) linear park system be created to link people to their rivers. This was named the Three Rivers Greenway, and the $18 million estimated cost was agreed to by member governments (the cities of <a href="/wiki/Cayce,_South_Carolina" title="Cayce, South Carolina">Cayce</a>, Columbia, and <a href="/wiki/West_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="West Columbia, South Carolina">West Columbia</a>) with the proviso that the Alliance recommend an acceptable funding strategy. </p><p>While the funding process was underway, an existing city of Columbia site located on the <a href="/wiki/Congaree_River" title="Congaree River">Congaree River</a> offered an opportunity to be a pilot project for the Three Rivers Greenway. The Alliance was asked to design and permit for construction by a general contractor this component. This approximately one-half-mile segment of the system was opened in November 1998. It is complete with 8-foot (2.4 m) wide concrete pathways, vandal-proof lighting, trash receptacles, water fountains, picnic benches, overlooks, bank fishing access, canoe/kayak access, a public restroom and parking. These set the standards for the common elements in the rest of the system. Eventually, pathways will run from Granby to the Riverbanks Zoo. Boaters, sportspeople, and fisherpeople will have access to the area, and additional recreational uses are being planned along the miles of riverfront. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EsplanadeatCanalside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/EsplanadeatCanalside.jpg/220px-EsplanadeatCanalside.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/EsplanadeatCanalside.jpg/330px-EsplanadeatCanalside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/EsplanadeatCanalside.jpg/440px-EsplanadeatCanalside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Esplanade at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Canal" title="Columbia Canal">Columbia Canal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Murray_B0078.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lake_Murray_B0078.jpg/220px-Lake_Murray_B0078.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lake_Murray_B0078.jpg/330px-Lake_Murray_B0078.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lake_Murray_B0078.jpg/440px-Lake_Murray_B0078.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Murray_(South_Carolina)" title="Lake Murray (South Carolina)">Lake Murray Dam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Running beside the historic <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Canal" title="Columbia Canal">Columbia Canal</a>, Riverfront Park hosts a two and a half-mile trail. Spanning the canal is an old railway bridge that now is a pedestrian walkway. The park is used for walking, running, bicycling, and fishing. <a href="/wiki/Picnic_table" title="Picnic table">Picnic tables</a> and benches dot the walking trail. Markers are located along the trail so that visitors can measure distance. The park is part of the Palmetto Trail, a hiking and biking trail that stretches the entire length of the state, from <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville</a> to <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a>. </p><p>Other parks in the Columbia area include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._Gordon_Belser_Arboretum" title="W. Gordon Belser Arboretum">W. Gordon Belser Arboretum</a></li> <li>Maxcy Gregg Park</li> <li>Hyatt Park</li> <li>Earlewood Park</li> <li>Granby Park</li> <li>Owens Field Park</li> <li>Guignard Park</li> <li>Southeast Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbison_State_Forest" title="Harbison State Forest">Harbison State Forest</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbia,_SC,_City_Hall_IMG_4807.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Columbia%2C_SC%2C_City_Hall_IMG_4807.JPG/220px-Columbia%2C_SC%2C_City_Hall_IMG_4807.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Columbia%2C_SC%2C_City_Hall_IMG_4807.JPG/330px-Columbia%2C_SC%2C_City_Hall_IMG_4807.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Columbia%2C_SC%2C_City_Hall_IMG_4807.JPG/440px-Columbia%2C_SC%2C_City_Hall_IMG_4807.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Columbia City Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Columbia has a <a href="/wiki/Council-manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager">council-manager</a> form of government. The mayor and <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> are elected every four years, with no <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">term limits</a>. Elections are held in the spring. Unlike other mayors in council-manager systems, the Columbia mayor has the power to veto <a href="/wiki/Local_ordinance" title="Local ordinance">ordinances</a> passed by the council; vetoes can be overridden by a two-thirds majority of the council, which appoints a <a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">city manager</a> to serve as chief administrative officer. The current mayor is <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Rickenmann" title="Daniel Rickenmann">Daniel Rickenmann</a>, who succeeded <a href="/wiki/Stephen_K._Benjamin" title="Stephen K. Benjamin">Stephen K. Benjamin</a> on January 4, 2022. </p><p>The city council consists of six members, four from districts and two elected <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a>. The city council is responsible for making policies and enacting laws, rules, and regulations in order to provide for future community and economic growth, in addition to providing the necessary support for the orderly and efficient operation of city services. </p><p><b>At-large</b> </p> <ul><li>Tyler Bailey</li> <li>Aditi Bussells</li></ul> <p><b>Districts</b> </p> <ul><li>1: Tina N. Herbert</li> <li>2: Edward McDowell Jr.</li> <li>3: Will Brennan</li> <li>4: Peter Brown</li></ul> <p>Brown won<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the March 28, 2023 special election,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to fill the District 4 seat vacated by the death of incumbent Joe E. Taylor Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>See related article <a href="/wiki/Past_mayors_of_Columbia,_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Past mayors of Columbia, South Carolina">Past mayors of Columbia, South Carolina</a></i> </p><p>The city's police force is the Columbia Police Department. The chief of police answers to the city manager. Presently, the chief of police is W.H. "Skip" Holbrook; Holbrook was sworn in on April 11, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Department_of_Corrections" title="South Carolina Department of Corrections">South Carolina Department of Corrections</a>, headquartered in Columbia,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> operates several correctional facilities in Columbia. They include the <a href="/wiki/Broad_River_Correctional_Institution" title="Broad River Correctional Institution">Broad River Correctional Institution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Goodman Correctional Institution,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Camille_Griffin_Graham_Correctional_Institution" title="Camille Griffin Graham Correctional Institution">Camille Griffin Graham Correctional Institution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Stevenson Correctional Institution,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Campbell Pre-Release Center.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graham houses the state's female death row.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state of South Carolina's execution chamber is located at Broad River. From 1990 to 1997, Broad River housed the state's male death row.<sup id="cite_ref-Deathrow_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deathrow-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Columbia is home to the main campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a>, which was chartered in 1801 as South Carolina College and in 1906 as the University of South Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university has 350 degree programs and enrolls 31,964 students throughout fifteen degree-granting colleges and schools.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an urban university, located in downtown Columbia. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Darla_Moore_School_of_Business" title="Darla Moore School of Business">Darla Moore School of Business</a>, which has had the No. 1 undergraduate international business degree for 20 consecutive years.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Columbia is also home to: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_University" title="Allen University">Allen University</a> – Founded in 1870 by the <a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a>. Allen University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) to award baccalaureate degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_College" title="Benedict College">Benedict College</a> – Founded in 1870, Benedict is an independent coeducational college. Benedict is one of the fastest growing of the 39 <a href="/wiki/United_Negro_College_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="United Negro College Fund">United Negro College Fund</a> schools. In addition to an increase in enrollment, Benedict has also seen an increase in average SAT scores, Honors College enrollee rates, capital giving dollars, and the number of research grants awarded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_College_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia College (Columbia, South Carolina)">Columbia College</a> – Founded in 1854, Columbia College is a private, four-year, liberal arts college for women with a coeducational Evening College and Graduate School. The college has been ranked since 1994 by <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> as one of the top ten regional liberal arts colleges in the South.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_International_University" title="Columbia International University">Columbia International University</a> – Biblically based, private Christian institution committed to "preparing men and women to know Christ and to make Him known".</li> <li>Fortis College<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – Fortis College is part of the Educational Affiliates Inc, and offers many different career-based degrees.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECPI_University" title="ECPI University">ECPI University</a> – Specialized in student-centered technology, business, criminal justice, and health science for 47 years – A leading private university offering master's, bachelor's, associate degree and diploma programs. Continuing Education certification programs are also available. ECPI University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award associate, baccalaureate, and master's degrees and diploma programs. ECPI University Columbia campus also has programmatic accreditation for Medical Assisting with the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Theological_Southern_Seminary" title="Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary">Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary</a> – This institution, founded in 1830, is a seminary of the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>. One of the oldest Lutheran seminaries in North America, Southern is a fully accredited graduate school of theology preparing women and men for the ordained and lay ministries of the church. The wooded 17-acre (69,000 m<sup>2</sup>) campus is situated atop Seminary Ridge in Columbia, the highest point in the Midlands area, near the geographic center of the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_Technical_College" title="Midlands Technical College">Midlands Technical College</a> – Midlands Technical College is part of the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Technical_College_System" title="South Carolina Technical College System">South Carolina Technical College System</a>. It is a two-year, comprehensive, public, community college, offering a wide variety of programs in career education, four-year college-transfer options, and continuing education. Small classes, individualized instruction, and student support services are provided. Most of the college's teaching faculty holds master's or doctoral degrees.</li> <li>South Carolina School of Leadership – Established in 2006, South Carolina School of Leadership (SCSL) is a post-secondary "<a href="/wiki/Gap_year" title="Gap year">gap year</a>" school with an intense focus on Christian discipleship and leadership development.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SCSL uses curriculum from <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_University" title="Southeastern University">Southeastern University</a>.</li></ul> <p>Columbia is also the site of several extension campuses, including those for <a href="/wiki/Erskine_Theological_Seminary" title="Erskine Theological Seminary">Erskine Theological Seminary</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_University" title="South University">South University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Phoenix" title="University of Phoenix">University of Phoenix</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_school_districts">Public school districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Public school districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the city of Columbia is within <a href="/wiki/Richland_County_School_District_One" title="Richland County School District One">Richland County School District One</a>. Portions in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Jackson_(South_Carolina)" title="Fort Jackson (South Carolina)">Fort Jackson</a> are served by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Education_Activity" title="Department of Defense Education Activity">Department of Defense Education Activity</a> (DoDEA) for elementary grades, with <a href="/wiki/Richland_County_School_District_Two" title="Richland County School District Two">Richland County School District Two</a> serving that area for secondary grades. Small portions are within Richland County School District Two for grades K-12, and <a href="/wiki/Lexington_%26_Richland_County_School_District_Five" title="Lexington & Richland County School District Five">Lexington & Richland County School District Five</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_schools">Private schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Private schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Ben Lippen School (PK–12)</li> <li>Bethel Learning Centers (PK–1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Newman_High_School_(Forest_Acres,_South_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Newman High School (Forest Acres, South Carolina)">Cardinal Newman</a> (7–12)</li> <li>Cutler Jewish Day School (PK–5)</li> <li>Covenant Classical Christian School (K–12)</li> <li>Glenforest School (3–12)</li> <li>Grace Christian School (PK–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_School_(South_Carolina)" title="Hammond School (South Carolina)">Hammond School</a> (PK–12)</li> <li>Harmony School (PK–5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathwood_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Heathwood Hall">Heathwood Hall</a> (PK–12)</li> <li>Heritage Christian Academy (PK–9)</li> <li>Montessori School of Columbia (PK–6)</li> <li>New Heights School (PK–6)</li> <li>Northside Christian Academy (PK–12)</li> <li>Sandhills School (1–12)</li> <li>Saint John Neumann Catholic School (PK–6)</li> <li>Saint Joseph Catholic School (PK–6)</li> <li>Saint Martin de Porres Catholic School (PK–6)</li> <li>Saint Peter's Catholic School (PK–6)</li> <li>Timmerman School (PK–8)</li> <li>V.V. Reid Elementary (PK–3)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supplementary_schools">Supplementary schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Supplementary schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South Carolina Japanese Language Supplementary School (サウスカロライナ日本語補習校 <i>Sausu Karoraina Nihongo Hoshūkō</i>)/Matsuba Gakuen (松葉学園) is a <a href="/wiki/Hoshuko" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoshuko">weekend school for Japanese children</a>, operating with Japanese government funds, held on the USC Campus in Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Matsuba" means "Pine Needle". In April 1985 the school was established. In 1989 its students were ages 3–16.<sup id="cite_ref-EllisBJABCs_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EllisBJABCs-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_South_Carolina" title="List of newspapers in South Carolina">List of newspapers in South Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_South_Carolina" title="List of radio stations in South Carolina">List of radio stations in South Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_South_Carolina" title="List of television stations in South Carolina">List of television stations in South Carolina</a></div> <p>Columbia's daily newspaper is <i><a href="/wiki/The_State_(newspaper)" title="The State (newspaper)">The State</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Post_and_Courier" title="The Post and Courier">The Post and Courier</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a>, which bought the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_newspaper" title="Alternative newspaper">alt-weekly</a> <i>Free Times</i> in 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> circulates a Columbia weekly edition, in which <i>Free Times</i> has become an arts-focused section. </p><p><i>Cola Daily</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a digital newsroom affiliated with Midlands Media Group, which also owns two radio stations. </p><p>Alternative newspapers include <i>The Columbia Star</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Carolina Panorama Newspaper</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>SC Black News</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Gamecock" title="The Daily Gamecock">The Daily Gamecock</a>, the student-run campus newspaper at USC, is also distributed in parts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Columbia Metropolitan Magazine</i><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a bi-monthly publication about news and events in the metropolitan area. <i>Greater Columbia Business Monthly</i><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> highlights economic development, business, education, and the arts. <i><a href="/wiki/Q-Notes" title="Q-Notes">Q-Notes</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a bi-weekly newspaper serving the <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> community and published in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a>, is distributed to locations in Columbia and via home delivery. </p><p>Columbia is home to the headquarters and production facilities of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Educational_Television" title="South Carolina Educational Television">South Carolina Educational Television</a> and South Carolina Public Radio, the state's <a href="/wiki/Public_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Public television">public television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Public radio">public radio</a> networks.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Columbia has the 78th largest television market in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Network affiliates include <a href="/wiki/WIS_(TV)" title="WIS (TV)">WIS</a> (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>), <a href="/wiki/WLTX" title="WLTX">WLTX</a> (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>), <a href="/wiki/WACH" title="WACH">WACH</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>) and <a href="/wiki/WOLO-TV" title="WOLO-TV">WOLO</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a> has had a student-run radio station, <a href="/wiki/WUSC-FM" title="WUSC-FM">WUSC</a>-FM, since 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Columbia_Radio" title="Template:Columbia Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Columbia_Radio" title="Template talk:Columbia Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Columbia_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Columbia Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_the_Columbia,_South_Carolina_metropolitan_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_metropolitan_area_(South_Carolina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia metropolitan area (South Carolina)">metropolitan area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM frequency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WVOC" title="WVOC">560</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMV_(AM)" title="WFMV (AM)">620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCEO" title="WCEO">840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBAJ" title="WBAJ">890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDEK" title="WDEK">1170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISW" title="WISW">1320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCOS_(AM)" title="WCOS (AM)">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQXL" title="WQXL">1470</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM frequency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WRJA-FM" title="WRJA-FM">88.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYFV" class="mw-redirect" title="WYFV">88.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUSC-FM" title="WUSC-FM">90.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTR" title="WLTR">91.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCFJ_(FM)" title="WCFJ (FM)">92.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZMJ" title="WZMJ">93.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARQ" title="WARQ">93.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSCZ" title="WSCZ">93.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUDE" title="WUDE">94.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJTB-FM" title="WJTB-FM">95.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTY" title="WLTY">96.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCOS-FM" title="WCOS-FM">97.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLJI" title="WLJI">98.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOMG" title="WOMG">98.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXBT" title="WXBT">100.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWDM" title="WWDM">101.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMFX" title="WMFX">102.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLXC" title="WLXC">103.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHXT" title="WHXT">103.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNOK" title="WNOK">104.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTCB" title="WTCB">106.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNKT" title="WNKT">107.5</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low-power_broadcasting" title="Low-power broadcasting">LPFM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WZJO-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WZJO-LP (page does not exist)">90.9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WROP-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WROP-LP (page does not exist)">92.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXRY-LP" title="WXRY-LP">99.3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">Translators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLVR" class="mw-redirect" title="KLVR">89.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W219CY" class="mw-redirect" title="W219CY">91.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W235CH" class="mw-redirect" title="W235CH">94.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W239DA" class="mw-redirect" title="W239DA">95.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W241DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="W241DJ">96.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W259CL" class="mw-redirect" title="W259CL">99.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W264DF" class="mw-redirect" title="W264DF">100.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W278CY" class="mw-redirect" title="W278CY">103.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W286CT" class="mw-redirect" title="W286CT">105.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W288CX" class="mw-redirect" title="W288CX">105.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W290CY" class="mw-redirect" title="W290CY">105.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W296EI" class="mw-redirect" title="W296EI">107.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">Digital radio</a><br />by frequency & subchannel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WCFJ_(FM)" title="WCFJ (FM)">92.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARQ" title="WARQ">93.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARQ" title="WARQ">93.5-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARQ" title="WARQ">93.5-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARQ" title="WARQ">93.5-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTY" title="WLTY">96.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTY" title="WLTY">96.7-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCOS-FM" title="WCOS-FM">97.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXBT" title="WXBT">100.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXBT" title="WXBT">100.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNOK" title="WNOK">104.7-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Call_signs_in_North_America" title="Call signs in North America">call sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLVR" class="mw-redirect" title="KLVR">KLVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W219CY" class="mw-redirect" title="W219CY">W219CY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W235CH" class="mw-redirect" title="W235CH">W235CH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W239DA" class="mw-redirect" title="W239DA">W239DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W241DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="W241DJ">W241DJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W259CL" class="mw-redirect" title="W259CL">W259CL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W264DF" class="mw-redirect" title="W264DF">W264DF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W278CY" class="mw-redirect" title="W278CY">W278CY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W286CT" class="mw-redirect" title="W286CT">W286CT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W288CX" class="mw-redirect" title="W288CX">W288CX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W290CY" class="mw-redirect" title="W290CY">W290CY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W296EI" class="mw-redirect" title="W296EI">W296EI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARQ" title="WARQ">WARQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WARQ" title="WARQ">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARQ" title="WARQ">HD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WARQ" title="WARQ">HD4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBAJ" title="WBAJ">WBAJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCEO" title="WCEO">WCEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCFJ_(FM)" title="WCFJ (FM)">WCFJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCOS_(AM)" title="WCOS (AM)">WCOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCOS-FM" title="WCOS-FM">WCOS-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDEK" title="WDEK">WDEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMV_(AM)" title="WFMV (AM)">WFMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHXT" title="WHXT">WHXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISW" title="WISW">WISW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJTB-FM" title="WJTB-FM">WJTB-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLJI" title="WLJI">WLJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTR" title="WLTR">WLTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTY" title="WLTY">WLTY</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WLTY" title="WLTY">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLXC" title="WLXC">WLXC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMFX" title="WMFX">WMFX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNKT" title="WNKT">WNKT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNOK" title="WNOK">WNOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOMG" title="WOMG">WOMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQXL" title="WQXL">WQXL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRJA-FM" title="WRJA-FM">WRJA-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WROP-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WROP-LP (page does not exist)">WROP-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSCZ" title="WSCZ">WSCZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTCB" title="WTCB">WTCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUDE" title="WUDE">WUDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUSC" class="mw-redirect" title="WUSC">WUSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVOC" title="WVOC">WVOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWDM" title="WWDM">WWDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXBT" title="WXBT">WXBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WXBT" title="WXBT">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXRY-LP" title="WXRY-LP">WXRY-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYFV" class="mw-redirect" title="WYFV">WYFV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WZJO-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WZJO-LP (page does not exist)">WZJO-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZMJ" title="WZMJ">WZMJ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WPCO_(South_Carolina)" title="WPCO (South Carolina)">WPCO (1230 AM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Nearby regions</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Augusta_Radio" title="Template:Augusta Radio">Augusta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Charleston_SC_Radio" title="Template:Charleston SC Radio">Charleston</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Charlotte_Radio" title="Template:Charlotte Radio">Charlotte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Florence_Radio" title="Template:Florence Radio">Florence</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Greenville-Spartanburg_Radio" title="Template:Greenville-Spartanburg Radio">Greenville-Spartanburg</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_South_Carolina" title="List of radio stations in South Carolina">List of radio stations in South Carolina</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_television_in_the_Midlands_of_South_Carolina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Columbia_TV" title="Template:Columbia TV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Columbia_TV" title="Template talk:Columbia TV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Columbia_TV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Columbia TV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_television_in_the_Midlands_of_South_Carolina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Broadcast television</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Midlands_of_South_Carolina" title="Midlands of South Carolina">Midlands of South Carolina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd>This region includes the following cities: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sumter,_South_Carolina" title="Sumter, South Carolina">Sumter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orangeburg,_South_Carolina" title="Orangeburg, South Carolina">Orangeburg</a><br />Reception may vary by location and some stations may only be viewable with <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Digital television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WIS_(TV)" title="WIS (TV)">WIS</a> (10.1 <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, 10.2 <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">CW</a>, 10.3 <a href="/wiki/Bounce_TV" title="Bounce TV">Bounce</a>, 10.4 <a href="/wiki/The365" class="mw-redirect" title="The365">The365</a>, 10.5 <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen (TV network)">Oxygen</a>, 10.6 <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlaw (TV network)">Outlaw</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLTX" title="WLTX">WLTX</a> (19.1 <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, 19.2 <a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Network" title="True Crime Network">Crime</a>, 19.3 <a href="/wiki/Shop_LC" title="Shop LC">LC</a>, 19.4 <a href="/wiki/Quest_(American_TV_network)" title="Quest (American TV network)">Quest</a>, 19.5 <a href="/wiki/The_Nest_(TV_network)" title="The Nest (TV network)">Nest</a>, 19.6 Nosey, 19.7 Confess <span style="font-size:85%;">[soon]</span>, 19.8 <a href="/wiki/Dark_(broadcasting)" title="Dark (broadcasting)">[blank]</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOLO-TV" title="WOLO-TV">WOLO-TV</a> (25.1 <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, 25.2 <a href="/wiki/Start_TV" title="Start TV">Start</a>, 25.3 <a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a>, 25.4 <a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>, 25.5 <a href="/wiki/Heroes_%26_Icons" title="Heroes & Icons">H&I</a>, 25.6 <a href="/wiki/Dabl" title="Dabl">Dabl</a>, 25.7 <a href="/wiki/Story_Television" title="Story Television">Story</a>, 25.8 <a href="/wiki/HSN" title="HSN">HSN</a>, 25.9 <a href="/wiki/MeTV_Toons" title="MeTV Toons">MeToons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Educational_Television" title="South Carolina Educational Television">WRJA-TV 27 / WRLK-TV 35</a> (xx.1 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>/<a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Educational_Television" title="South Carolina Educational Television">SCETV</a>, xx.2 <a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a>/SCC, xx.3 ETV World, xx.4 <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">ETV Kids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZRB" title="WZRB">WZRB</a> (47.1 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a>, 47.2 <a href="/wiki/Court_TV" title="Court TV">Court</a>, 47.3 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Mystery" title="Ion Mystery">Mystery</a>, 47.4 <a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a>, 47.5 <a href="/wiki/Ion_Plus" title="Ion Plus">Ion+</a>, 47.6 <a href="/wiki/Jewelry_Television" title="Jewelry Television">JTV</a>, 47.7 <a href="/wiki/Scripps_News" title="Scripps News">Scripps</a>, 47.8 <a href="/wiki/QVC#QVC2" title="QVC">QVC2</a>, 47.9 <a href="/wiki/HSN#Sister_channels" title="HSN">HSN2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKDC-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="WKDC-LD">WKDC-LD</a> (50.1 <a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar</a>, 50.2 DS Español, 50.3 Reflections)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WACH" title="WACH">WACH</a> (57.1 <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>, 57.2 <a href="/wiki/TBD_(TV_network)" title="TBD (TV network)">TBD</a>, 57.3 <a href="/wiki/Charge!_(TV_network)" title="Charge! (TV network)">Charge!</a>, 57.4 <a href="/wiki/Comet_(TV_network)" title="Comet (TV network)">Comet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKTC" title="WKTC">WKTC</a> (63.1 <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MNTV</a>, 63.2 <a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">TMD</a>, 63.3 <a href="/wiki/Cozi_TV" title="Cozi TV">Cozi</a>, 63.4 <a href="/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)" title="Laff (TV network)">Laff</a>, 63.5 <a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a>, 63.6 <a href="/wiki/Get_(TV_network)" title="Get (TV network)">Get</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WCOS-TV" title="WCOS-TV">WCOS-TV 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W67DP" class="mw-redirect" title="W67DP">W67DP 67</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Augusta_TV" title="Template:Augusta TV">Augusta TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Charleston_TV" title="Template:Charleston TV">Charleston TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Charlotte_TV" title="Template:Charlotte TV">Charlotte TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:GSA_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:GSA TV">Greenville/Spartanburg/Asheville TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Myrtle_Beach/Florence_TV" title="Template:Myrtle Beach/Florence TV">Myrtle Beach/Florence TV</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mass_transit">Mass transit</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Mass transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Comet_(transit)" title="The Comet (transit)">The Comet (transit)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_COMET_transit_bus_in_Columbia,_SC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/A_COMET_transit_bus_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/220px-A_COMET_transit_bus_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/A_COMET_transit_bus_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/330px-A_COMET_transit_bus_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/A_COMET_transit_bus_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/440px-A_COMET_transit_bus_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A COMET transit bus in downtown Columbia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rental_bicycles_in_Columbia,_SC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rental_bicycles_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/220px-Rental_bicycles_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rental_bicycles_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/330px-Rental_bicycles_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Rental_bicycles_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/440px-Rental_bicycles_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Bicycles available for rental in downtown Columbia</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Comet_(transit)" title="The Comet (transit)">The Comet</a>, officially the Central Midlands Regional Transit Authority, is the agency responsible for operating mass transit in the greater Columbia area including <a href="/wiki/Cayce,_South_Carolina" title="Cayce, South Carolina">Cayce</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="West Columbia, South Carolina">West Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forest_Acres" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Acres">Forest Acres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Lakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia Lakes">Arcadia Lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springdale,_Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Springdale, Lexington County, South Carolina">Springdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington, South Carolina">Lexington</a><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the St. Andrews area. COMET operates express shuttles, as well as bus service in Columbia and its immediate suburbs. The authority was established in October 2002 after SCANA released ownership of public transportation back to the city of Columbia. Since 2003, COMET has provided transportation for more than 2 million passengers, has expanded route services, and introduced 43 new ADA accessible buses offering a safer, more comfortable means of transportation. CMRTA has also added 10 natural gas powered buses to the fleet. Comet went under a name change and rebranding project in 2013. Before then, the system was called the Columbia Metropolitan Rapid Transit Association or "CMRTA".<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, COMET offers Dial-a-ride transit (DART), which provides personalized service passengers with disabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina's</a> transit system, which is maintained by COMET, services an additional 1,000,000 passengers annually.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield">Blue Cross Blue Shield</a> provides rental bicycles in downtown Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roads_and_highways">Roads and highways</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Roads and highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Lincoln_Street_Tunnel_in_Columbia,_SC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_Lincoln_Street_Tunnel_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/220px-The_Lincoln_Street_Tunnel_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_Lincoln_Street_Tunnel_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/330px-The_Lincoln_Street_Tunnel_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_Lincoln_Street_Tunnel_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg/440px-The_Lincoln_Street_Tunnel_in_Columbia%2C_SC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Lincoln Street Tunnel - A pedestrian and bicycle-only tunnel converted from a former railroad tunnel, which crosses under Lincoln, Washington, and Hampton Streets</figcaption></figure> <p>Columbia's central location between the population centers of South Carolina has made it a transportation focal point with nine State Highways: <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_12" title="South Carolina Highway 12">SC 12</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_16" title="South Carolina Highway 16">SC 16</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_48" title="South Carolina Highway 48">SC 48</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_215" title="South Carolina Highway 215">SC 215</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_262" title="South Carolina Highway 262">SC 262</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_277" title="South Carolina Highway 277">SC 277</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_555" title="South Carolina Highway 555">SC 555</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_760" title="South Carolina Highway 760">SC 760</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Highway_768" title="South Carolina Highway 768">SC 760</a>; seven <a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highway_System" title="United States Numbered Highway System">U.S. Highways</a>: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1_in_South_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 1 in South Carolina">US 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_21#South_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 21">US 21</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_76_in_South_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 76 in South Carolina">US 76</a>, and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_176" title="U.S. Route 176">US 176</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_321#South_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 321">US 321</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_378#South_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 378">US 378</a>, and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_601#South_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 601">US 601</a>; and four <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highways</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_in_South_Carolina" title="Interstate 20 in South Carolina">Interstate 20</a> travels from west to east and connects Columbia to Atlanta and Augusta in the west and Florence in the east. It serves the nearby towns and suburbs of Pelion, Lexington, West Columbia, the Sandhill region, Pontiac, Elgin, Lugoff, and Camden. Interstate 20 is also used by travelers heading to Myrtle Beach, although the interstate's eastern terminus is in Florence.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_26_in_South_Carolina" title="Interstate 26 in South Carolina">Interstate 26</a> travels from northwest to southeast and connects Columbia to the other two major population centers of South Carolina: the Greenville-Spartanburg area in the northwestern part of the state and <a href="/wiki/North_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="North Charleston, South Carolina">North Charleston</a> – Charleston area in the southeastern part of the state. It also serves the nearby towns and suburbs of Irmo, Harbison, Gaston, and Swansea.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_77_in_South_Carolina" title="Interstate 77 in South Carolina">Interstate 77</a> (William Earle Berne Beltway) begins at a junction with Interstate 26 south of Columbia and travels north to Rock Hill and Charlotte. This interstate also provides direct access to Fort Jackson, the U.S. Army's largest training base and one of Columbia's largest employers. It serves the nearby towns and suburbs of Forest Acres, Gadsden, and Blythewood.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_126" title="Interstate 126">Interstate 126</a> begins downtown at Elmwood Avenue and travels west towards Interstate 26 and Interstate 20. It provides access to Riverbanks Zoo.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air">Air</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city and its surroundings are served by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Columbia Metropolitan Airport">Columbia Metropolitan Airport</a>, which has passenger flights from <a href="/wiki/American_Eagle_(airline_brand)" title="American Eagle (airline brand)">American Eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Connection</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Express</a> airlines. The city is also served by the much smaller <a href="/wiki/Jim_Hamilton%E2%80%93L.B._Owens_Airport" title="Jim Hamilton–L.B. Owens Airport">Jim Hamilton–L.B. Owens Airport</a>, located in the Rosewood neighborhood. It serves as the county airport for Richland County and primarily centers around <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intercity_rail">Intercity rail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Intercity rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is served daily by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_station_(South_Carolina)" title="Columbia station (South Carolina)">Amtrak station</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Service" title="Silver Service">Silver Star</a> trains connecting Columbia with New York City, Washington, DC, <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampa">Tampa</a>, and Miami. The station is located at 850 Pulaski St. </p><p>Until 1959 the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_(U.S.)" title="Southern Railway (U.S.)">Southern Railway</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Skyland_Special" title="Skyland Special">Skyland Special</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, North Carolina</a> - <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a>) made a stop in Columbia's <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="Union Station (Columbia, South Carolina)">Union Station</a>. Until 1966 the Southern Railway's <i><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Special" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusta Special">Augusta Special</a></i> went north from Columbia Union Station to New York City via <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a> and went west to <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia" title="Augusta, Georgia">Augusta, Georgia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Augusta_Union_Station" title="Augusta Union Station">Union Station</a>, where passengers could make connections to <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Railroad">Georgia Railroad</a> trains to <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a> branch of the Southern's <i><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Special" title="Carolina Special">Carolina Special</a></i> made a stop in Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 1954 a regional <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Line_Railroad" title="Atlantic Coast Line Railroad">Atlantic Coast Line Railroad</a> train went to <a href="/wiki/Florence,_South_Carolina" title="Florence, South Carolina">Florence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_North_Carolina" title="Wilmington, North Carolina">Wilmington</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intercity_bus">Intercity bus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Intercity bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a> formerly operated a station on Gervais Street, in the eastern part of downtown, providing Columbia with intercity bus transportation. The station relocated to 710 Buckner Road in February 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Megabus_(North_America)" title="Megabus (North America)">MegaBus</a> began operations in Columbia in 2015. There routes include stops in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_North_Carolina" title="Fayetteville, North Carolina">Fayetteville, North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a>. The station is located on Sumter Street. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PalmettoHealthBaptistHospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/PalmettoHealthBaptistHospital.jpg/220px-PalmettoHealthBaptistHospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/PalmettoHealthBaptistHospital.jpg/330px-PalmettoHealthBaptistHospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/PalmettoHealthBaptistHospital.jpg/440px-PalmettoHealthBaptistHospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prisma_Health" title="Prisma Health">Prisma Health</a> Baptist Hospital</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sisters of Charity Providence Hospitals is sponsored by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Augustine Health System, a non-profit organization licensed for 304 beds which operates four hospitals, including Providence Hospital in downtown Columbia founded in 1938, Providence Heart Institute, Providence Hospital Northeast, and Providence Orthopaedic and NeuroSpine Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prisma_Health" title="Prisma Health">Prisma Health</a> is a private nonprofit health company and the largest healthcare organization in South Carolina that was formed by the joining of Palmetto Health and Greenville Health System in 2019. The company has 29,500 team members, 18 acute and specialty hospitals, 2,947 beds, 300 outpatient sites, and more than 5,100 employed and independent clinicians across its clinically integrated inVio Health Network. Prisma Health serves almost 1.5 million unique patients annually in its 21-county market area that covers 50% of South Carolina. Prisma Health hospitals in Columbia include the Midlands' only Level 1 trauma center and academic medical center, Richland Hospital, as well as Children's Hospital and the Heart Hospital also on the Richland Campus, Baptist Hospital and Baptist Parkridge Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lexington Medical Center, opened in 1971, is a network of hospitals and urgent care centers located throughout <a href="/wiki/Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington County, South Carolina">Lexington County</a>, with one location in Columbia. </p><p>The Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center is a 216-bed facility, encompassing acute medical, surgical, psychiatric, and long-term care.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewable_energy_and_climate_goals">Renewable energy and climate goals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Renewable energy and climate goals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Attaining 100 percent clean and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> by 2036 is incorporated into the city's 67 climate goals. Projects include a <a href="/wiki/Solar_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar farm">solar farm</a> to provide power for the <a href="/wiki/Wastewater_treatment_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Wastewater treatment plant">wastewater treatment plant</a>, an updated <a href="/wiki/Water_metering" title="Water metering">water metering system</a>, reduction of <a href="/wiki/Non-revenue_water" title="Non-revenue water">water leaks</a>, and replacement of polluting, city-owned vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="List of people from Columbia, South Carolina">List of people from Columbia, South Carolina</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accolades">Accolades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Columbia has been the recipient of several awards and achievements. In October 2009, Columbia was listed in U.S. News & World Report as one of the best places to retire, citing location and median housing price as key contributors.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of July 2013 Columbia was named one of "10 Great Cities to Live In" by Kiplinger Magazine. Most recently, the city has been named a top mid-sized market in the nation for relocating families,<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as one of 30 communities named "America's Most <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">Livable</a> Communities," an award given by the non-profit Partners for Livable Communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Columbia has seven <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">sister cities</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a>, Romania</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk" title="Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Oblast" title="Chelyabinsk Oblast">Chelyabinsk Oblast</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, Ghana</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Taichung_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Taichung City">Taichung City</a>, Taiwan</li></ul> <p>An eighth sister city, <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Mississippi" title="Columbia, Mississippi">Columbia, Mississippi</a>, was added after mutual aid took place between the two cities following natural disasters and recognition of their linked histories.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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newspaper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Speedway" title="Columbia Speedway">Columbia Speedway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_South_Carolina_Temple" title="Columbia South Carolina Temple">Columbia South Carolina Temple</a>, an operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Theological_Seminary" title="Columbia Theological Seminary">Columbia Theological Seminary</a>, formerly in Columbia, South Carolina, now in Decatur, Georgia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stinney" title="George Stinney">George Stinney</a>, youngest person to be executed in the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="List of tallest buildings in Columbia, South Carolina">List of tallest buildings in Columbia, South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Columbia" title="USS Columbia">USS <i>Columbia</i></a>, at least 3 ships</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official records for Columbia were kept at downtown from June 1887 to December 1947, and at Columbia Airport since January 1948. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org">Threadex</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-History_-_Soda_City-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_-_Soda_City_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_-_Soda_City_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sodacitysc.com/history/">"History - Soda City"</a>. <i>sodacitysc.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sodacitysc.com&rft.atitle=History+-+Soda+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsodacitysc.com%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='45'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json">"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ArcGIS+REST+Services+Directory&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftigerweb.geo.census.gov%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices%2FTIGERweb%2FPlaces_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD%2FMapServer%2F5%2Fquery%3Fwhere%3DSTATE%3D%2745%27%26outFields%3DNAME%2CSTATE%2CPLACE%2CAREALAND%2CAREAWATER%2CLSADC%2CCENTLAT%2CCENTLON%26orderByFields%3DPLACE%26returnGeometry%3Dfalse%26returnTrueCurves%3Dfalse%26f%3Djson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/2404107">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Columbia, South Carolina</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:45&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108">"Census Population API"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Population+API&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.census.gov%2Fdata%2F2020%2Fdec%2Fpl%3Fget%3DP1_001N%2CNAME%26for%3Dplace%3A%2A%26in%3Dstate%3A45%26key%3D5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopEstCBSA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PopEstCBSA_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopEstCBSA_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopEstCBSA_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html#v2023">"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020-2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, Population Division. March 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+and+Micropolitan+Statistical+Areas+Population+Totals%3A+2020-2023&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau%2C+Population+Division&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html%23v2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/gaz-record/1245051">"Geographic Names Information System"</a>. <i>edits.nationalmap.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edits.nationalmap.gov&rft.atitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fgaz-record%2F1245051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusQuickFacts-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusQuickFacts_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusQuickFacts_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusQuickFacts_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/columbiacitysouthcarolina">"QuickFacts: Columbia city, South Carolina"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QuickFacts%3A+Columbia+city%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fcolumbiacitysouthcarolina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039437/report.pdf">"Geographic Centers of the United States"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pubs.usgs.gov</i>. September 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pubs.usgs.gov&rft.atitle=Geographic+Centers+of+the+United+States&rft.date=2011-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Funnumbered%2F70039437%2Freport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/cenpop2020/CenPop2020_Mean_ST.txt">"2020 Centers of Population by State"</a>. United States Census Bureau. November 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Centers+of+Population+by+State&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2021-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Freference%2Fcenpop2020%2FCenPop2020_Mean_ST.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hudson1998-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hudson1998_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Hudson1998" class="citation book cs1">Charles Hudson (September 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWJnGjxjJk8C"><i>Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun: Hernando de Soto and the South's Ancient Chiefdoms</i></a>. University of Georgia Press. pp. 234–238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-2062-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-2062-5"><bdi>978-0-8203-2062-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009061906/http://books.google.com/books?id=vWJnGjxjJk8C">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knights+of+Spain%2C+Warriors+of+the+Sun%3A+Hernando+de+Soto+and+the+South%27s+Ancient+Chiefdoms&rft.pages=234-238&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=1998-09&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-2062-5&rft.au=Charles+Hudson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvWJnGjxjJk8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-columbiahistory-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-columbiahistory_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbiasc.net/about-columbia">"A Brief History of Columbia."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219184430/http://www.columbiasc.net/about-columbia">Archived</a> February 19, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> City of Columbia Official Web Site. columbiasc.net. Retrieved February 20, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sc.edu/about/our_history/university_history/timeline/index.php">"Timeline"</a>. <i>www.sc.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sc.edu&rft.atitle=Timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sc.edu%2Fabout%2Four_history%2Funiversity_history%2Ftimeline%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLesesne2022" class="citation web cs1">Lesesne, Henry H. (August 15, 2022) [June 28, 2016]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/university-of-south-carolina/">"University of South Carolina"</a>. <i>South Carolina Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Carolina+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=University+of+South+Carolina&rft.date=2022-08-15&rft.aulast=Lesesne&rft.aufirst=Henry+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scencyclopedia.org%2Fsce%2Fentries%2Funiversity-of-south-carolina%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas1976" class="citation book cs1">Lucas, Marion Brunson (1976). <i>Sherman and the burning of Columbia</i> (1st ed.). College Station: Texas A & M University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89096-018-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89096-018-6"><bdi>0-89096-018-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2331311">2331311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherman+and+the+burning+of+Columbia&rft.place=College+Station&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Texas+A+%26+M+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2331311&rft.isbn=0-89096-018-6&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Marion+Brunson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGergel2016" class="citation web cs1">Gergel, Belinda F. (September 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/barhamville-academy/">"Barhamville Academy"</a>. <i>South Carolina Encyclopedia</i>. Univ. of S.C<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbiaworldaffairs.org/sister-cities.html">the original</a> on May 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Columbia%27s+Sister+Cities&rft.au=Columbia+World+Affair+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbiaworldaffairs.org%2Fsister-cities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herrington, Charles (August 18, 2016). "Columbia, SC honors Columbia, MS with sister city designation". WDAM-TV. Retrieved December 10, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Resolution R-2016-053 To Honor the City of Columbia, Mississippi With Official Sisterhood for its Assistance during the October 2015 Flood" (PDF). City of Columbia SC. August 16, 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_South_Carolina_history#Urban_history" title="Bibliography of South Carolina history">Bibliography of South Carolina history § Urban history</a></div> <ul><li>Aboyan, Laura. <i>Columbia Food: A History of Cuisine in the Famously Hot City</i> (Arcadia Publishing, 2013).</li> <li>Allen, Katharine, and Robert-John Hinojosa. "The LGBTQ Columbia History Initiative." <i>History News</i>. (Summer2021) 76#3 pp 19–23.</li> <li>Campbell, Jacqueline G. "'The most Diabolical Act of all the Barbarous War': Soldiers, Civilians, and the Burning of Columbia, February 1865." <i>American Nineteenth Century History</i> 3.3 (2002): 53–72.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1956" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Hennig (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hennig-cohen-barhamville-miscellany"><i>A Barhamville Miscellany</i></a>. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Barhamville+Miscellany&rft.place=Columbia%2C+SC&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Hennig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhennig-cohen-barhamville-miscellany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeas-Moore,_Vennie2000" class="citation book cs1">Deas-Moore, Vennie (2000). <i>Columbia, South Carolina</i>. Black America. Arcadia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia%2C+South+Carolina&rft.series=Black+America&rft.pub=Arcadia&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Deas-Moore%2C+Vennie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Driggers, E. A. "...The movement of a celestial system than a human invention': Abram Blanding and bringing water to Columbia." <i>Water History</i> 14.1 (2022): 21–40. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waterworkshistory.us/SC/Columbia/2022Driggers.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Edgar, Walter B., and Deborah Kohler Woolley. <i>Columbia, Portrait of a City</i> (Donning Company, 1986).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Writers'_Project1941" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Writers%27_Project" title="Federal Writers' Project">Federal Writers' Project</a> (1941), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015008031521?urlappend=%3Bseq=278">"Columbia"</a>, <i>South Carolina: a Guide to the Palmetto State</i>, <a href="/wiki/American_Guide_Series" title="American Guide Series">American Guide Series</a>, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, pp. 212–236, <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015008031521?urlappend=%3Bseq=278">2027/mdp.39015008031521</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Columbia&rft.btitle=South+Carolina%3A+a+Guide+to+the+Palmetto+State&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=American+Guide+Series&rft.pages=212-236&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1941&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015008031521%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D278&rft.au=Federal+Writers%27+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015008031521%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span>. + <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/southcarolinagui00inwrit#page/n582/mode/1up">Chronology</a></li> <li>Gatewood, Willard B. "" The Remarkable Misses Rollin": Black Women in Reconstruction South Carolina." <i>South Carolina Historical Magazine</i> 92.3 (1991): 172-188. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27568239">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1969" class="citation journal cs1">Green, Mary Fulton (1969). "Profile of Columbia in 1850". <i>South Carolina Historical Magazine</i>. <b>70</b> (2): 104–121. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27566933">27566933</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Carolina+Historical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Profile+of+Columbia+in+1850&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=104-121&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27566933%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Green%2C+Mary+Fulton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li>Haram, Kerstyn M. "The Palmetto Leader's Mission to End Lynching in South Carolina: Black Agency and the Black Press in Columbia, 1925-1940." <i>South Carolina Historical Magazine</i> 107.4 (2006): 310–333. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27570843">online</a></li> <li>Heisser, David CR, and Stephen J. White Sr. <i>Patrick N. Lynch, 1817-1882: Third Catholic Bishop of Charleston</i> (Univ of South Carolina Press, 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_CS6BwAAQBAJ&dq=Columbia,+&pg=PT5">online</a>.</li> <li>Helsley, Alexia Jones. <i>Columbia, South Carolina: A history</i> (Arcadia Publishing, 2015).</li> <li>Kahler, Sophie, and Conor Harrison. "‘Wipe out the entire slum area’: University-led Urban Renewal in Columbia, South Carolina, 1950–1985." <i>Journal of Historical Geography</i> 67 (2020): 61-70.</li> <li>Latzko, David A. "Mapping the Short-run impact of the civil War and emancipation on the South Carolina economy." <i>South Carolina Historical Magazine</i> (2015): 258–279. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.personal.psu.edu/dxl31/research/articles/south_carolina.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201140235/http://www.personal.psu.edu/dxl31/research/articles/south_carolina.pdf">Archived</a> February 1, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Lipscomb, Terry W. "The Legacy of Ainsley Hall." <i>South Carolina Historical Magazine</i> 99.2 (1998): 158–179. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27570298">online</a></li> <li>Lockhart, Matthew A. " 'Under the Wings of Columbia': John Lewis Gervais as Architect of South Carolina's 1786 Capital Relocation Legislation." <i>South Carolina Historical Magazine</i> 104.3 (2003): 176–197. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27570638">online</a></li> <li>Lofton, Paul. "The Columbia Black community in the 1930s." <i> Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association</i> (1984), pp. 86–95.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2000" class="citation book cs1">Lucas, Marion Brunson (2000) [1976]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shermanburningof00luca"><i>Sherman and the Burning of Columbia</i></a>. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57003-358-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-57003-358-7"><bdi>1-57003-358-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherman+and+the+Burning+of+Columbia&rft.place=Columbia&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-57003-358-7&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Marion+Brunson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshermanburningof00luca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1993" class="citation book cs1">Moore, John Hammond (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2GnH6cXpukwC"><i>Columbia and Richland County: A South Carolina Community, 1740-1990</i></a>. University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87249-827-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87249-827-3"><bdi>978-0-87249-827-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia+and+Richland+County%3A+A+South+Carolina+Community%2C+1740-1990&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-87249-827-3&rft.au=Moore%2C+John+Hammond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2GnH6cXpukwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span>, the major scholarly history.</li> <li>Myers, Andrew H. <i>Black, White, & Olive Drab: Racial Integration at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and the Civil Rights Movement</i> (University of Virginia Press, 2006).</li> <li>Newell, Jonathan. "Billy Sunday's 1923 Evangelistic Campaign in Columbia, South Carolina." <i>Conference Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association</i> (2008), pp. 45–54.</li> <li>Sherrer, John. "Fancy and Fine, Plain and Simple" <i>Journal of Early Southern Decorative Arts</i> (2005), Vol. 31/32 Issue 2/1&2, pp. 1–26. About the cabinetmakers of Columbia and Richland Country and the wares manufactured from 1800 until 1860.</li> <li>Smith, F. De Vere. "The Columbia Mills: the first electrically operated mills in the United States." <i>Textile History Review</i> (1964) 5#3 pp 84–95.</li> <li>Stowell, David O. "The Free Black Population of Columbia, South Carolina in 1860: A Snapshot of Occupation and Personal Wealth." <i>South Carolina Historical Magazine</i> 104.1 (2003): 6-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27570610">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Elmore, Grace Brown, ed. <i>A Heritage of Woe: The Civil War Diary of Grace Brown Elmore, 1861-1868</i> (University of Georgia Press, 1997).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimms2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Gilmore_Simms" title="William Gilmore Simms">Simms, William Gilmore</a> (2011) [1865]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citylaidwastecap0000simm"><i>A City Laid Waste: The Capture, Sack, and Destruction of the City of Columbia</i></a>. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61117-003-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61117-003-0"><bdi>978-1-61117-003-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+City+Laid+Waste%3A+The+Capture%2C+Sack%2C+and+Destruction+of+the+City+of+Columbia&rft.place=Columbia&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-61117-003-0&rft.aulast=Simms&rft.aufirst=William+Gilmore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcitylaidwastecap0000simm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbia%2C+South+Carolina" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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/></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Columbia_(South_Carolina)" class="extiw" title="voy:Columbia (South Carolina)">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/194000">Columbia, South Carolina</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://columbiasc.gov">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Lexington_County,_South_Carolina,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Template:Lexington County, South Carolina"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Template talk:Lexington County, South Carolina"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lexington County, South Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Lexington_County,_South_Carolina,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington County, South Carolina"><span class="region">Lexington County, South Carolina</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington, South Carolina"><span>Lexington</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayce,_South_Carolina" title="Cayce, South Carolina">Cayce</a>‡</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbia</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="West Columbia, South Carolina">West Columbia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of South Carolina highlighting Lexington County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Lexington_County.svg/180px-Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Lexington_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Lexington_County.svg/270px-Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Lexington_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Lexington_County.svg/360px-Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Lexington_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="1174" /></span><figcaption>Map of South Carolina highlighting Lexington County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batesburg-Leesville,_South_Carolina" title="Batesburg-Leesville, South Carolina">Batesburg-Leesville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapin,_South_Carolina" title="Chapin, South Carolina">Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_South_Carolina" title="Gaston, South Carolina">Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_South_Carolina" title="Gilbert, South Carolina">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmo,_South_Carolina" title="Irmo, South Carolina">Irmo</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington, South Carolina">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelion,_South_Carolina" title="Pelion, South Carolina">Pelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Ridge,_South_Carolina" title="Pine Ridge, South Carolina">Pine Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Congaree,_South_Carolina" title="South Congaree, South Carolina">South Congaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springdale,_Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Springdale, Lexington County, South Carolina">Springdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit,_South_Carolina" title="Summit, South Carolina">Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea,_South_Carolina" title="Swansea, South Carolina">Swansea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_South_Carolina" title="Edmund, South Carolina">Edmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairview_Crossroads,_South_Carolina" title="Fairview Crossroads, South Carolina">Fairview Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Grove,_South_Carolina" title="Oak Grove, South Carolina">Oak Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bank,_South_Carolina" title="Red Bank, South Carolina">Red Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Oaks,_South_Carolina" title="Seven Oaks, South Carolina">Seven Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Knoll,_South_Carolina" title="White Knoll, South Carolina">White Knoll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Granby,_South_Carolina" title="Granby, South Carolina">Granby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Carolina_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:South Carolina (state)"><span>South Carolina portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Richland_County,_South_Carolina,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Richland_County,_South_Carolina" title="Template:Richland County, South Carolina"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Richland_County,_South_Carolina" title="Template talk:Richland County, South Carolina"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Richland_County,_South_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Richland County, South Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Richland_County,_South_Carolina,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Richland_County,_South_Carolina" title="Richland County, South Carolina"><span class="region">Richland County, South Carolina</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Columbia</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayce,_South_Carolina" title="Cayce, South Carolina">Cayce</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn1_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbia</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn1_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Acres,_South_Carolina" title="Forest Acres, South Carolina">Forest Acres</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of South Carolina highlighting Richland County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Richland_County.svg/180px-Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Richland_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Richland_County.svg/270px-Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Richland_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Richland_County.svg/360px-Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_Richland_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="1174" /></span><figcaption>Map of South Carolina highlighting Richland County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Lakes,_South_Carolina" title="Arcadia Lakes, South Carolina">Arcadia Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blythewood,_South_Carolina" title="Blythewood, South Carolina">Blythewood</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn1_158-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastover,_South_Carolina" title="Eastover, South Carolina">Eastover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Kershaw_County,_South_Carolina" title="Elgin, Kershaw County, South Carolina">Elgin</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn1_158-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmo,_South_Carolina" title="Irmo, South Carolina">Irmo</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn1_158-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthurtown,_South_Carolina" title="Arthurtown, South Carolina">Arthurtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_View,_South_Carolina" title="Capitol View, South Carolina">Capitol View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsville,_South_Carolina" title="Dentsville, South Carolina">Dentsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden,_South_Carolina" title="Gadsden, South Carolina">Gadsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkins,_South_Carolina" title="Hopkins, South Carolina">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_South_Carolina" title="Olympia, South Carolina">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrews,_South_Carolina" title="St. Andrews, South Carolina">St. Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodfield,_South_Carolina" title="Woodfield, South Carolina">Woodfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookman,_South_Carolina" title="Bookman, South Carolina">Bookman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrell_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Horrell Hill, South Carolina">Horrell Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_South_Carolina" title="Pontiac, South Carolina">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wateree,_South_Carolina" title="Wateree, South Carolina">Wateree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_158-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_158-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_158-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_158-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_158-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Carolina_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:South Carolina (state)"><span>South Carolina portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_South_Carolina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Carolina" title="Template:South Carolina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_Carolina" title="Template talk:South Carolina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_South_Carolina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbia</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#South_Carolina" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_coastal_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic coastal plain">Atlantic Coastal Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Strand" title="Grand Strand">Grand Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Hills_of_Santee" title="High Hills of Santee">High Hills of Santee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Murray_Country" title="Lake Murray Country">Lake Murray Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Lowcountry" title="South Carolina Lowcountry">Lowcountry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_metropolitan_area" title="Charlotte metropolitan area">Metrolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_of_South_Carolina" title="Midlands of South Carolina">Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninety-Six_District,_South_Carolina" title="Ninety-Six District, South Carolina">Ninety-Six District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olde_English_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Olde English District">Olde English District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pee_Dee" title="Pee Dee">Pee Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhills_(Carolina)" title="Sandhills (Carolina)">Sandhills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Islands" title="Sea Islands">Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upstate_South_Carolina" title="Upstate South Carolina">Upstate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_South_Carolina" title="List of municipalities in South Carolina">Larger cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="North Charleston, South Carolina">North Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Rock Hill, South Carolina">Rock Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartanburg,_South_Carolina" title="Spartanburg, South Carolina">Spartanburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_South_Carolina" title="List of municipalities in South Carolina">Smaller cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiken,_South_Carolina" title="Aiken, South Carolina">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson,_South_Carolina" title="Anderson, South Carolina">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort,_South_Carolina" title="Beaufort, South Carolina">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennettsville,_South_Carolina" title="Bennettsville, South Carolina">Bennettsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_South_Carolina" title="Camden, South Carolina">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayce,_South_Carolina" title="Cayce, South Carolina">Cayce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway,_South_Carolina" title="Conway, South Carolina">Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easley,_South_Carolina" title="Easley, South Carolina">Easley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence,_South_Carolina" title="Florence, South Carolina">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Acres,_South_Carolina" title="Forest Acres, South Carolina">Forest Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaffney,_South_Carolina" title="Gaffney, South Carolina">Gaffney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_South_Carolina" title="Georgetown, South Carolina">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Creek,_South_Carolina" title="Goose Creek, South Carolina">Goose Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_South_Carolina" title="Greenwood, South Carolina">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greer,_South_Carolina" title="Greer, South Carolina">Greer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Head_Island,_South_Carolina" title="Hilton Head Island, South Carolina">Hilton Head Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Palms,_South_Carolina" title="Isle of Palms, South Carolina">Isle of Palms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurens,_South_Carolina" title="Laurens, South Carolina">Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington, South Carolina">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauldin,_South_Carolina" title="Mauldin, South Carolina">Mauldin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Beach,_South_Carolina" title="Myrtle Beach, South Carolina">Myrtle Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Augusta,_South_Carolina" title="North Augusta, South Carolina">North Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Myrtle_Beach,_South_Carolina" title="North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina">North Myrtle Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangeburg,_South_Carolina" title="Orangeburg, South Carolina">Orangeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpsonville,_South_Carolina" title="Simpsonville, South Carolina">Simpsonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerville,_South_Carolina" title="Summerville, South Carolina">Summerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumter,_South_Carolina" title="Sumter, South Carolina">Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union,_South_Carolina" title="Union, South Carolina">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walterboro,_South_Carolina" title="Walterboro, South Carolina">Walterboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="West Columbia, South Carolina">West Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York,_South_Carolina" title="York, South Carolina">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_South_Carolina" title="List of municipalities in South Carolina">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbeville,_South_Carolina" title="Abbeville, South Carolina">Abbeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnwell,_South_Carolina" title="Barnwell, South Carolina">Barnwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batesburg-Leesville,_South_Carolina" title="Batesburg-Leesville, South Carolina">Batesburg-Leesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluffton,_South_Carolina" title="Bluffton, South Carolina">Bluffton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemson,_South_Carolina" title="Clemson, South Carolina">Clemson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington,_South_Carolina" title="Darlington, South Carolina">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon,_South_Carolina" title="Dillon, South Carolina">Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgefield,_South_Carolina" title="Edgefield, South Carolina">Edgefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mill,_South_Carolina" title="Fort Mill, South Carolina">Fort Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_Inn,_South_Carolina" title="Fountain Inn, South Carolina">Fountain Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Falls,_South_Carolina" title="Great Falls, South Carolina">Great Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardeeville,_South_Carolina" title="Hardeeville, South Carolina">Hardeeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmo,_South_Carolina" title="Irmo, South Carolina">Irmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_South_Carolina" title="Jefferson, South Carolina">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingstree,_South_Carolina" title="Kingstree, South Carolina">Kingstree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty,_South_Carolina" title="Liberty, South Carolina">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_South_Carolina" title="Marion, South Carolina">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick,_South_Carolina" title="McCormick, South Carolina">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncks_Corner,_South_Carolina" title="Moncks Corner, South Carolina">Moncks Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_South_Carolina" title="Mount Pleasant, South Carolina">Mount Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry,_South_Carolina" title="Newberry, South Carolina">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pageland,_South_Carolina" title="Pageland, South Carolina">Pageland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_South_Carolina" title="Pendleton, South Carolina">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickens,_South_Carolina" title="Pickens, South Carolina">Pickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca,_South_Carolina" title="Seneca, South Carolina">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan%27s_Island,_South_Carolina" title="Sullivan's Island, South Carolina">Sullivan's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travelers_Rest,_South_Carolina" title="Travelers Rest, South Carolina">Travelers Rest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walhalla,_South_Carolina" title="Walhalla, South Carolina">Walhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster,_South_Carolina" title="Westminster, South Carolina">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamston,_South_Carolina" title="Williamston, South Carolina">Williamston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_South_Carolina" title="List of census-designated places in South Carolina">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berea,_South_Carolina" title="Berea, South Carolina">Berea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Forest,_South_Carolina" title="Carolina Forest, South Carolina">Carolina Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsville,_South_Carolina" title="Dentsville, South Carolina">Dentsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Forks,_South_Carolina" title="Five Forks, South Carolina">Five Forks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gantt,_South_Carolina" title="Gantt, South Carolina">Gantt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_South_Carolina" title="Garden City, South Carolina">Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladson,_South_Carolina" title="Ladson, South Carolina">Ladson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker,_South_Carolina" title="Parker, South Carolina">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Red Hill, South Carolina">Red Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrews,_South_Carolina" title="St. Andrews, South Carolina">Saint Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Oaks,_South_Carolina" title="Seven Oaks, South Carolina">Seven Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socastee,_South_Carolina" title="Socastee, South Carolina">Socastee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylors,_South_Carolina" title="Taylors, South Carolina">Taylors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Hampton,_South_Carolina" title="Wade Hampton, South Carolina">Wade Hampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_South_Carolina" title="List of counties in South Carolina">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbeville_County,_South_Carolina" title="Abbeville County, South Carolina">Abbeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiken_County,_South_Carolina" title="Aiken County, South Carolina">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allendale_County,_South_Carolina" title="Allendale County, South Carolina">Allendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_South_Carolina" title="Anderson County, South Carolina">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_County,_South_Carolina" title="Bamberg County, South Carolina">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnwell_County,_South_Carolina" title="Barnwell County, South Carolina">Barnwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_County,_South_Carolina" title="Beaufort County, South Carolina">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_County,_South_Carolina" title="Berkeley County, South Carolina">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_South_Carolina" title="Calhoun County, South Carolina">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_County,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston County, South Carolina">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_County,_South_Carolina" title="Cherokee County, South Carolina">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_County,_South_Carolina" title="Chester County, South Carolina">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_South_Carolina" title="Chesterfield County, South Carolina">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarendon_County,_South_Carolina" title="Clarendon County, South Carolina">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleton_County,_South_Carolina" title="Colleton County, South Carolina">Colleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Darlington County, South Carolina">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon_County,_South_Carolina" title="Dillon County, South Carolina">Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorchester_County,_South_Carolina" title="Dorchester County, South Carolina">Dorchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgefield_County,_South_Carolina" title="Edgefield County, South Carolina">Edgefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_County,_South_Carolina" title="Fairfield County, South Carolina">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_County,_South_Carolina" title="Florence County, South Carolina">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_County,_South_Carolina" title="Georgetown County, South Carolina">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville_County,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville County, South Carolina">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood_County,_South_Carolina" title="Greenwood County, South Carolina">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_County,_South_Carolina" title="Hampton County, South Carolina">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horry_County,_South_Carolina" title="Horry County, South Carolina">Horry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_South_Carolina" title="Jasper County, South Carolina">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kershaw_County,_South_Carolina" title="Kershaw County, South Carolina">Kershaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lancaster County, South Carolina">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurens_County,_South_Carolina" title="Laurens County, South Carolina">Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lee County, South Carolina">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington County, South Carolina">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_South_Carolina" title="Marion County, South Carolina">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro_County,_South_Carolina" title="Marlboro County, South Carolina">Marlboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick_County,_South_Carolina" title="McCormick County, South Carolina">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry_County,_South_Carolina" title="Newberry County, South Carolina">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oconee_County,_South_Carolina" title="Oconee County, South Carolina">Oconee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangeburg_County,_South_Carolina" title="Orangeburg County, South Carolina">Orangeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickens_County,_South_Carolina" title="Pickens County, South Carolina">Pickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland_County,_South_Carolina" title="Richland County, South Carolina">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluda_County,_South_Carolina" title="Saluda County, South Carolina">Saluda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartanburg_County,_South_Carolina" title="Spartanburg County, South Carolina">Spartanburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumter_County,_South_Carolina" title="Sumter County, South Carolina">Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_South_Carolina" title="Union County, South Carolina">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg_County,_South_Carolina" title="Williamsburg County, South Carolina">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_County,_South_Carolina" title="York County, South Carolina">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_South_Carolina%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of South Carolina–related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_South_Carolina" title="Outline of South Carolina">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_South_Carolina" title="List of airports in South Carolina">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amusement_parks_in_South_Carolina" title="Category:Amusement parks in South Carolina">Amusement parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_statistical_areas" title="South Carolina statistical areas">Census areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina%27s_congressional_districts" title="South Carolina's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina#Famous_people_from_South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">Famous people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of South Carolina">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_South_Carolina" title="List of rivers of South Carolina">Rivers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_South_Carolina" title="List of governors of South Carolina">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_Highway_System" title="South Carolina State Highway System">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Carolina" title="History of South Carolina">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Carolina">Historic places</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="South Carolina General Assembly">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_South_Carolina" title="Category:Mass media in South Carolina">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_South_Carolina" title="List of newspapers in South Carolina">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_South_Carolina" title="List of radio stations in South Carolina">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_South_Carolina" title="List of television stations in South Carolina">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shopping_malls_in_South_Carolina" title="Category:Shopping malls in South Carolina">Shopping malls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_venues_in_South_Carolina" title="Category:Sports venues in South Carolina">Sports venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_State_House" title="South Carolina State House">State House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Carolina_state_parks" title="List of South Carolina state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Carolina_state_symbols" title="List of South Carolina state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_South_Carolina" title="Category:Tourist attractions in South Carolina">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Carolina_wildlife_management_areas" title="List of South Carolina wildlife management areas">Wildlife management areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_South_Carolina" title="Abortion in South Carolina">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_South_Carolina" title="Crime in South Carolina">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of South Carolina">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Carolina" title="Demographics of South Carolina">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Carolina" title="Economy of South Carolina">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina#Education" title="South Carolina">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_South_Carolina" title="List of colleges and universities in South Carolina">Colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_South_Carolina" title="Gun laws in South Carolina">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in South Carolina">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_literature" title="South Carolina literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_government_and_politics" title="South Carolina government and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_South_Carolina" title="Sports in South Carolina">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Carolina" title="African Americans in South Carolina">African Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/48px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/64px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Carolina" title="Portal:South Carolina">South Carolina portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_state_capitals" title="Template talk:US state capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capitals of the United States by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <p><b>Nation:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> <p><b>States:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">AL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">AR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">CO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">KS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">KY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">LA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">ME</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">MS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">NE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">ND</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">OK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">SD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">TN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">WY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a></li></ul> <p><b>Territories:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">AS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">GU</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">MP</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">PR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">VI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands">Charlotte Amalie</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_South_Carolina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Carolina_county_seats" title="Template:South Carolina county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:South_Carolina_county_seats&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:South Carolina county seats (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Carolina_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South Carolina county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_South_Carolina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seats" class="mw-redirect" title="County seats">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbeville,_South_Carolina" title="Abbeville, South Carolina">Abbeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiken,_South_Carolina" title="Aiken, South Carolina">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allendale,_South_Carolina" title="Allendale, South Carolina">Allendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson,_South_Carolina" title="Anderson, South Carolina">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg,_South_Carolina" title="Bamberg, South Carolina">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnwell,_South_Carolina" title="Barnwell, South Carolina">Barnwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort,_South_Carolina" title="Beaufort, South Carolina">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennettsville,_South_Carolina" title="Bennettsville, South Carolina">Bennettsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopville,_South_Carolina" title="Bishopville, South Carolina">Bishopville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_South_Carolina" title="Camden, South Carolina">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester,_South_Carolina" title="Chester, South Carolina">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_South_Carolina" title="Chesterfield, South Carolina">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway,_South_Carolina" title="Conway, South Carolina">Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington,_South_Carolina" title="Darlington, South Carolina">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillon,_South_Carolina" title="Dillon, South Carolina">Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgefield,_South_Carolina" title="Edgefield, South Carolina">Edgefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence,_South_Carolina" title="Florence, South Carolina">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaffney,_South_Carolina" title="Gaffney, South Carolina">Gaffney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_South_Carolina" title="Georgetown, South Carolina">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_South_Carolina" title="Greenwood, South Carolina">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_South_Carolina" title="Hampton, South Carolina">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingstree,_South_Carolina" title="Kingstree, South Carolina">Kingstree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_South_Carolina" title="Lancaster, South Carolina">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurens,_South_Carolina" title="Laurens, South Carolina">Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_South_Carolina" title="Lexington, South Carolina">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manning,_South_Carolina" title="Manning, South Carolina">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_South_Carolina" title="Marion, South Carolina">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick,_South_Carolina" title="McCormick, South Carolina">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncks_Corner,_South_Carolina" title="Moncks Corner, South Carolina">Moncks Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry,_South_Carolina" title="Newberry, South Carolina">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangeburg,_South_Carolina" title="Orangeburg, South Carolina">Orangeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickens,_South_Carolina" title="Pickens, South Carolina">Pickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgeland,_South_Carolina" title="Ridgeland, South Carolina">Ridgeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluda,_South_Carolina" title="Saluda, South Carolina">Saluda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartanburg,_South_Carolina" title="Spartanburg, South Carolina">Spartanburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George,_South_Carolina" title="St. George, South Carolina">St. George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthews,_South_Carolina" title="St. Matthews, South Carolina">St. Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumter,_South_Carolina" title="Sumter, South Carolina">Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union,_South_Carolina" title="Union, South Carolina">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walhalla,_South_Carolina" title="Walhalla, South Carolina">Walhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walterboro,_South_Carolina" title="Walterboro, South Carolina">Walterboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnsboro,_South_Carolina" title="Winnsboro, South Carolina">Winnsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York,_South_Carolina" title="York, South Carolina">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38453#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38453#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38453#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/168448485">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206785/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjCPhTpKwkW7gjMkpjBfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4230917-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79126460">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152422691">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152422691">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Columbia (Jižní Karolína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge545055&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5573462">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554792405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2776df1e-d042-41d6-856e-76c8e1a277b1">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Columbia (S.C.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/196939666">IdRef</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Columbia (S. C.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/145902331">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045483">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&oldid=1257506595">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbia,_South_Carolina&oldid=1257506595</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Columbia,_South_Carolina" 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