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リオ+20:反対派の抵抗で、中身に乏しい採択宣言 | Human Rights Watch
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class="node-subtitle">最終成果文書 企業の責任とリプロダクティブライツ 不十分</h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">2012年06月22日</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fja%2Fnews%2F2012%2F06%2F22%2F20&count=horizontal&via=&text=%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%EF%BC%8B20%EF%BC%9A%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%BE%E6%B4%BE%E3%81%AE%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E3%81%A7%E3%80%81%E4%B8%AD%E8%BA%AB%E3%81%AB%E4%B9%8F%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E6%8E%A1%E6%8A%9E%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fja%2Fnews%2F2012%2F06%2F22%2F20" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like"><a 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view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/Riophoto1.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>National flags flutter in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which is hosting the 20+ UN Conference on Sustainable Development, on June 11, 2012.</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/Riophoto1.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content">National flags flutter in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which is hosting the 20+ UN Conference on Sustainable Development, on June 11, 2012.</div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© Reuters 2012</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">Related Materials: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <a href="/web/20130122172046/http://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2012/06/12/20">リオ+20:人権保護を盛り込んだ持続可能な開発を</a> </div> <div class="field-item even"> <a href="/web/20130122172046/http://www.hrw.org/ja/node/107935">Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch Joint Statement on the Rio + 20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 米国の支持を受けたG77(77ヵ国グループ)、教皇庁、カナダが、人権の保障義務を課すことにともに反対したことは、恥かしい限りである。権利に関わる言葉は、抵抗はあったが採択宣言になんとか残された。しかし十分ではない。 </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> ヤン・エグランド、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチの代表代理 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p> (リオデジャネイロ)国連の持続可能な開発会議(リオ+20)の成果文書に、各国の制約や義務を伴う内容はほとんどない。世界の経済が後退するように、人権保障も後退した。アムネスティ・インターナショナル、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ、国際環境法センター(CIEL)の3団体は、会議の閉幕にあたりこのように述べた。 </p> <p>リオ+20では、20年前の「国連環境開発会議」で採択した持続可能な開発に向けた行動計画を、その後の進捗状況と比較・評価し、新たな取り組みへの議論を通じて、見直すことが狙いであった。</p> <p> 「米国の支持を受けたG77(77ヵ国グループ)、教皇庁、カナダが、人権の保障義務を課すことにともに反対したことは、恥かしい限りである」とヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチの代表代理のヤン・エグランドは述べた。「権利に関わる言葉は、抵抗はあったが<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046/http://www.uncsd2012.org/content/documents/774futurewewant_english.pdf"><u>採択宣言</u></a>になんとか残された。しかし十分ではない。」</p> <p>教皇庁は、途上国の国々からなるG77の支持を受けて、<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/06/19/future-women-want"><u>性と生殖に関する権利</u></a>(リプロダクティブライツ)に反対する陣営を率いた。複数の参加国は、家族計画や性の健康などの、性と生殖に関する健康を誰でも享受できるようにする必要性、および国家戦略としての性と生殖に関する健康と採択宣言の取り組みを結びつける必要性を訴えた。しかし、これらの権利に言及した文言は、<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046/http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2012/jun/22/gro-harlem-brundtland-rio20-gender-equality"><u>削除</u></a>された。</p> <p>カナダ、G77、米国は、企業が人権を<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046/http://www.business-humanrights.org/SpecialRepPortal/Home/Protect-Respect-Remedy-Framework/GuidingPrinciples"><u>尊重</u></a>する責務があることを再確認することに反対した。また一連の交渉を通して、国際的な金融機関(IFI)と利害をともにする国々は、人権を保障する義務に取り組もうとしなかった。</p> <p>「採択宣言の中で、各国は持続可能な開発には、障害者を含む市民や多くの虐げられているグループが実質的に関わり、積極的に参加することが必要であることを認めた。しかし、政府は結社と集会の自由の権利に言及することには、激しく抵抗した」と、アムネスティ・インターナショナル、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ、CIELは述べた。市民参加と持続可能な開発に対する社会的説明責任に欠かせない表現の自由への権利は、草案にさえも入らなかった。</p> <p>また複数の市民社会グループは、「会議の議論に<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046/http://blog.humanimpactsinstitute.org/2012/06/the-future-we-need-hundreds-of-civil-society-members-walk-out-of-rio20/"><u>参加</u></a>する機会さえなかった」と<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046/https://www.civicus.org/en/what-we-do/cross-cutting-projects/rio-20/civicus-on-rio-20/957-rio20-the-future-we-dont-want-sign-the-petition"><u>失望</u></a>を<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046/http://www.uncsd2012.org/content/documents/859RIo20%20Conference%20NGO%20MG%20Statement%20PrepCom%20Statements.pdf"><u>あらわにした</u></a>。</p> <p>「G77は集会と結社の自由に取り組む一方、かつての人権推進派はそれを拒否した」と、エグランドは語った。「『アラブの春』があったばかりだというのに、各国は今回の議論の中で、言論の自由を支持することができない。まったく驚きだ。」</p> <p>世界の指導者は、開発に関わるすべての人権、世界人権宣言や人権に関わる法律および先住民族の権利に関する国連宣言を尊重することの重要性を再確認した。各国は、採択宣言で食品、健康および教育に関する権利などの経済的および社会的権利の重要性を認めた。また、主要な国連首脳会議では初めて、安全な飲料水と衛生に関する権利を明確にした。各国政府は、すべての人びとが置かれている現実の課題に着実に取り組むことを約束した。</p> <p>「数ヵ国が、水利権を確保するために越境水問題を排除しようとしたことは、残念である」と、アムネスティの「人間らしく生きたい」キャンペーン部長のサビオ・カルバリョは述べた。「これらの排除が失敗に終わったのは、人権にとっての一つの勝利だ。」</p> <p>3団体はまた、リオ+20は人権保障と環境保護を一体的に考えることができなかったと、振り返る。世界・地域・国の各レベルの裁判所や人権機関は、人権侵害の一つの原因は環境破壊にあるということをますます認識し、環境保護に対する国の責任を明確にしてきた。しかし、リオ+20の議論は、健全な環境への権利を無視してしまった。</p> <p>「環境保護は、あらゆる人権の享受には不可欠である」と人権、国際環境法センターの人権環境部長、マルコス・オレリャーナは述べている。「リオ+20の宣言は、健全な環境への権利をはっきり認めておらず、これでは人類と地球が直面する世界の生態系と貧困の危機に対処できない。」</p> <p>将来の持続可能な開発に向けた行動計画を盛り込んだ1992年の<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172046/http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=78&articleid=1163"><u>リオ宣言</u></a>は、開発への権利と国際法に言及し、人びとが環境に関わる情報にアクセスし、議論の意思決定に参加できるようにすべきであると明言している。</p> <p>「採択宣言には結局、いくつかの進展はあった。一方、私たちが人権を盛り込むように訴えなければならないということを考えるだけで、情けなく感じてしまう」とカルバリョは述べた。 </p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_en first"><a href="/web/20130122172046/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/06/22/rio-20-outcome-document-undermined-rights-opponents" title="Rio + 20: Outcome Document Undermined by Rights Opponents" class="translation-link">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_fr"><a href="/web/20130122172046/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2012/06/22/rio-20-le-document-final-amoindri-par-les-opposants-aux-droits-humains" title="Rio + 20: Le document final amoindri par les opposants aux droits humains" class="translation-link">Français</a></li> <li class="node_translation_pt-br"><a href="/web/20130122172046/http://www.hrw.org/node/108326" title="Rio+20: Documento Final Prejudicado por Adversários dos Direitos Humanos" class="translation-link">Portuguese, Brazil</a></li> <li class="node_translation_es last"><a href="/web/20130122172046/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2012/06/22/r-o20-opositores-los-derechos-debilitaron-documento-final-0" title="Río+20: Opositores a los derechos debilitaron documento final" 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