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<li id="toc-Inclination_extremes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inclination_extremes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Inclination extremes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inclination_extremes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Declination_extremes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declination_extremes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Declination extremes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declination_extremes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_on_tides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_tides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Effect on tides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_tides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maanknoop" title="Maanknoop – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maanknoop" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodes_de_la_Lluna" title="Nodes de la Lluna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nodes de la Lluna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lun%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_uzel" title="Lunární uzel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lunární uzel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondknoten" title="Mondknoten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mondknoten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodos_de_la_Luna" title="Nodos de la Luna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nodos de la Luna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اشکال قمری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اشکال قمری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C5%93ud_lunaire" title="Nœud lunaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nœud lunaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%AC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%90%EC%A0%90" title="달의 교점 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="달의 교점" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="चंद्रपात – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चंद्रपात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjese%C4%8Devi_%C4%8Dvorovi" title="Mjesečevi čvorovi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mjesečevi čvorovi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodo_lunare" title="Nodo lunare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nodo lunare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moundknuet" title="Moundknuet – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Moundknuet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holdcsom%C3%B3pontok" title="Holdcsomópontok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Holdcsomópontok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Месечев јазол – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Месечев јазол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82" title="രാഹുവും കേതുവും – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാഹുവും കേതുവും" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%A4%E7%82%B9" title="月の交点 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="月の交点" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5neknute" title="Måneknute – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Måneknute" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99ze%C5%82_ksi%C4%99%C5%BCycowy" title="Węzeł księżycowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węzeł księżycowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodo_lunar" title="Nodo lunar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nodo lunar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nod_lunar" title="Nod lunar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nod lunar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Узлы Луны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Узлы Луны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Месечеви чворови – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Месечеви чворови" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjese%C4%8Devi_%C4%8Dvorovi" title="Mjesečevi čvorovi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mjesečevi čvorovi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5nnod" title="Månnod – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Månnod" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Where the orbit of the Moon intersects the Earth's ecliptic</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lunar_eclipse_diagram-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Lunar_eclipse_diagram-en.svg/320px-Lunar_eclipse_diagram-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Lunar_eclipse_diagram-en.svg/480px-Lunar_eclipse_diagram-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Lunar_eclipse_diagram-en.svg/640px-Lunar_eclipse_diagram-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>The lunar nodes are the two points where the <a href="/wiki/Orbit_of_the_Moon" title="Orbit of the Moon">Moon's orbital path</a> crosses the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>, the Sun's apparent yearly path on the <a href="/wiki/Celestial_sphere" title="Celestial sphere">celestial sphere</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>lunar node</b> is either of the two <a href="/wiki/Orbital_node" title="Orbital node">orbital nodes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>; that is, the two points at which the <a href="/wiki/Orbit_of_the_Moon" title="Orbit of the Moon">orbit of the Moon</a> <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(Euclidean_geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersection (Euclidean geometry)">intersects</a> the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>. The <i>ascending</i> (or <i>north</i>) node is where the Moon moves into the northern <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic_coordinate_system" title="Ecliptic coordinate system">ecliptic hemisphere</a>, while the <i>descending</i> (or <i>south</i>) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motion">Motion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_node&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Motion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Line_of_nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of nodes">line of nodes</a>, which is also the intersection between the two respective planes, rotates (precesses) with a period of 18.6 years or 19.5°year-1. When viewed from the celestial north, the nodes move clockwise around Earth, I.e. with a <a href="/wiki/Retrograde_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrograde motion">retrograde motion</a> (opposite to Earth's own spin and its revolution around the Sun). So the time from one node crossing to the next (see <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_season" title="Eclipse season">eclipse season</a>) is approximately a half-year minus half of 19.1 days -- or about 173 days. </p><p>Because the <a href="/wiki/Orbital_plane" title="Orbital plane">orbital plane</a> of the Moon <a href="/wiki/Lunar_precession" title="Lunar precession">precesses</a> in space, the lunar nodes <a href="/wiki/Nodal_precession" title="Nodal precession">also precess</a> around the ecliptic, completing one revolution (called a <i>draconic period</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Nodal_period" title="Nodal period">nodal period</a></i>) in 18.612958 years (6,798.383 days). (This is not the same as a <a href="/wiki/Saros_(astronomy)" title="Saros (astronomy)">saros</a> of 18.03 years) The same cycle measured against an inertial frame of reference, such as <a href="/wiki/International_Celestial_Reference_System" class="mw-redirect" title="International Celestial Reference System">International Celestial Reference System</a> (ICRS), a <a href="/wiki/Coordinate_system" title="Coordinate system">coordinate system</a> relative to the <a href="/wiki/Fixed_stars" title="Fixed stars">fixed stars</a>, is 18.599525 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eclipses">Eclipses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_node&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Eclipses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eclipse_vs_new_or_full_moons,_annotated.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Eclipse_vs_new_or_full_moons%2C_annotated.svg/220px-Eclipse_vs_new_or_full_moons%2C_annotated.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Eclipse_vs_new_or_full_moons%2C_annotated.svg/330px-Eclipse_vs_new_or_full_moons%2C_annotated.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Eclipse_vs_new_or_full_moons%2C_annotated.svg/440px-Eclipse_vs_new_or_full_moons%2C_annotated.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nodal_precession" title="Nodal precession">Nodal precession</a> of the lunar nodes as the Earth revolves around the Sun causes an <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_season" title="Eclipse season">eclipse season</a> approximately every six months</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Lunar_eclipse" title="Lunar eclipse">lunar eclipse</a> can occur only when the <a href="/wiki/Full_moon" title="Full moon">full Moon</a> is near either lunar node (within 11° 38' ecliptic longitude), while a <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipse</a> can occur only when the <a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">new Moon</a> is near either lunar node (within 17° 25'). </p><p>Both solar eclipses of July 2000 (on the <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_July_1,_2000" title="Solar eclipse of July 1, 2000">1st</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_July_31,_2000" title="Solar eclipse of July 31, 2000">31st</a> days) occurred around the time when the Moon was at its ascending node. Ascending-node eclipses recur after one <a href="/wiki/Draconic_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Draconic year">draconic year</a> on average, which is about 0.94901 <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian year">Gregorian year</a>, as do descending-node eclipses. </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Eclipse" title="Eclipse">Eclipse</a> of the Moon or Sun can occur when the nodes align with the Sun, roughly every 173.3 days. Lunar orbit inclination also determines eclipses; shadows cross when nodes coincide with full and new moon when the Sun, Earth, and Moon align in three dimensions. </p><p>In effect, this means that the "<a href="/wiki/Tropical_year" title="Tropical year">tropical year</a>" on the Moon is only 347 days long. This is called the <i><a href="/wiki/Draconic_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Draconic year">draconic year</a></i> (or <i>eclipse year</i>). The "seasons" on the Moon fit into this period. For about half of this draconic year, the Sun is north of the lunar equator (but at most 1.543°), and for the other half, it is south of the lunar equator. Obviously, the effect of these seasons is minor compared to the difference between lunar night and lunar day. At the lunar poles, instead of usual lunar days and nights of about 15 Earth days, the Sun will be "up" for 173 days as it will be "down"; polar sunrise and sunset takes 18 days each year. "Up" here means that the centre of the Sun is above the horizon. Lunar polar sunrises and sunsets occur around the time of eclipses (solar or lunar). For example, at the <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_March_9,_2016" title="Solar eclipse of March 9, 2016">Solar eclipse of March 9, 2016</a>, the Moon was near its descending node, and the Sun was near the point in the sky where the equator of the Moon crosses the ecliptic. When the Sun reaches that point, the center of the Sun sets at the lunar north pole and rises at the lunar south pole. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_and_symbols">Names and symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_node&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Names and symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astronomicum_Caesareum_(1540).f18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Astronomicum_Caesareum_%281540%29.f18.jpg/150px-Astronomicum_Caesareum_%281540%29.f18.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Astronomicum_Caesareum_%281540%29.f18.jpg/225px-Astronomicum_Caesareum_%281540%29.f18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Astronomicum_Caesareum_%281540%29.f18.jpg/300px-Astronomicum_Caesareum_%281540%29.f18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The dragon in <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Apianus" title="Petrus Apianus">Peter Apian</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Astronomicum_Caesareum" title="Astronomicum Caesareum">Astronomicum Caesareum</a></i>, 1540</figcaption></figure> <p>The nodes are called by different names in different cultures of the world. </p><p>In medieval <a href="/wiki/Arabic_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic (language)">Arabic</a> texts, alongside the seven <a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">classical planets</a>, it was believed that an eighth pseudo-planet was the cause of solar and lunar eclipses, termed <i>al-Tinnīn</i> (the Dragon) or <i>al-Jawzahr</i> (from <a href="/wiki/New_Persian" title="New Persian">Classical Persian</a> <i>Gawzahr</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The planet was split into two parts representing the lunar nodes, termed the Head (<i>ra’s</i>) and Tail (<i>dhanab</i>) of the mythological dragon.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the nodes are termed <i>rosh ha-teli u-zenavo</i> (ראש ה<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:תלי">תלי</a> וזנבו)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (January 2022)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, and <i>caput draconis</i> (head of the dragon) or <i>cauda draconis</i> (tail of the dragon) in <a href="/wiki/Latin_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin (language)">Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ascending node is referred to as the <b>dragon's head</b> with the <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrological</a> symbol of ☊ and the descending node is known as the <b>dragon's tail</b> with the symbol ☋. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Hindu_astronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu astronomy">Hindu astronomy</a>, the nodes are considered with the <a href="/wiki/Classical_planet#Indian_astrology" title="Classical planet">seven planets</a> to form the nine <a href="/wiki/Navagrahas" class="mw-redirect" title="Navagrahas">Navagrahas</a>; the ascending node ☊ is called <i><a href="/wiki/Rahu" title="Rahu">Rahu</a></i> and the descending node ☋ is called <i><a href="/wiki/Ketu_(mythology)" title="Ketu (mythology)">Ketu</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Rāhu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: राहु, ) is one of the nine major celestial bodies (<a href="/wiki/Navagraha" title="Navagraha">navagraha</a>) in Hindu texts and the king of meteors. It represents the ascension of the Moon in its precessional orbit around the Earth, also referred as the north lunar node, and along with <a href="/wiki/Ketu_(mythology)" title="Ketu (mythology)">Ketu</a>, is a "shadow planet" that causes eclipses. Despite having no physical existence, Rahu has been allocated the status of the planet by ancient seers owing to its strong influence in astrology. Rahu is usually paired with <a href="/wiki/Ketu_(mythology)" title="Ketu (mythology)">Ketu</a>, another shadow planet. The time of day considered to be under the influence of Rahu is called <i><a href="/wiki/Rahu_kala" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahu kala">Rāhu kāla</a></i> and is considered inauspicious. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_astrology" title="Tibetan astrology">Tibetan astrology</a> (partially based on the <a href="/wiki/Kalachakra#Astrology" title="Kalachakra">Kalachakra Tantra</a>) these nodes are respectively named <i>Rahu</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kalagni_Rudra_Upanishad#Name" title="Kalagni Rudra Upanishad">Kalagni</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extremes">Extremes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_node&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Extremes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inclination_extremes">Inclination extremes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_node&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Inclination extremes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every 18.6 years, the angle between the Moon's orbit and Earth's <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> reaches a maximum of 28°36′, the sum of Earth's <a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">equatorial tilt</a> (23°27′) and the Moon's <a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">orbital inclination</a> (5°09′) to the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>. This is called <i>major <a href="/wiki/Lunar_standstill" title="Lunar standstill">lunar standstill</a></i>. Around this time, the Moon's <a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">declination</a> will vary from −28°36′ to +28°36′. Conversely, 9.3 years later, the angle between the Moon's orbit and Earth's equator reaches its minimum of 18°20′. This is called a <i>minor lunar standstill</i>. The last lunar standstill was a minor standstill in October 2015. At that time the descending node was lined up with the equinox (the point in the sky having <a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">right ascension</a> zero and <a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">declination</a> zero). The nodes are moving west by about 19° per year. The Sun crosses a given node about 20 days earlier each year. </p><p>When the inclination of the Moon's orbit to the Earth's equator is at its minimum of 18°20′, the centre of the Moon's disk will be above the <a href="/wiki/Horizon" title="Horizon">horizon</a> every day from latitudes less than 70°43' (90° − 18°20' – 57' parallax) north or south. When the inclination is at its maximum of 28°36', the centre of the Moon's disk will be above the horizon every day only from latitudes less than 60°27' (90° − 28°36' – 57' parallax) north or south. </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Polar_regions_of_Earth" title="Polar regions of Earth">higher latitudes</a>, there will be a period of at least one day each month when the Moon does not rise, but there will also be a period of at least one day each month when the Moon does not set. This is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Season" title="Season">seasonal</a> behaviour of the Sun, but with a period of 27.2 days instead of 365 days. Note that a point on the Moon can actually be visible when it is about 34 <a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc" title="Minute and second of arc">arc minutes</a> below the horizon, due to <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_refraction" title="Atmospheric refraction">atmospheric refraction</a>. </p><p>Because of the inclination of the Moon's orbit with respect to the Earth's equator, the Moon is above the horizon at the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a> for almost two weeks every month, even though the Sun is below the horizon for six months at a time. The period from moonrise to moonrise at the poles is a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_month" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical month">tropical month</a>, about 27.3 days, quite close to the sidereal period. When the Sun is the furthest below the horizon (<a href="/wiki/Winter_Solstice" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Solstice">winter solstice</a>), the Moon will be full when it is at its highest point. When the Moon is in <a href="/wiki/Gemini_(constellation)" title="Gemini (constellation)">Gemini</a> it will be above the horizon at the North Pole, and when it is in <a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(constellation)" title="Sagittarius (constellation)">Sagittarius</a> it will be up at the South Pole. </p><p>The Moon's light is used by <a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a> in the Arctic when the Sun is below the horizon for months and must have been helpful to the animals that lived in Arctic and Antarctic regions when the climate was warmer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declination_extremes">Declination extremes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_node&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Declination extremes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lunar_standstill" title="Lunar standstill">Lunar standstill</a></div> <p>The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5.14° to the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>; hence, the Moon can be up to about 5° north or south of the ecliptic. The ecliptic is inclined about 23.44° to the <a href="/wiki/Celestial_equator" title="Celestial equator">celestial equator</a>, whose plane is <a href="/wiki/Perpendicular" title="Perpendicular">perpendicular</a> to the rotational axis of Earth. As a result, once during the 18.6-year nodal period (when the ascending node of the Moon's orbit coincides with the <a href="/wiki/Equinox_(celestial_coordinates)" title="Equinox (celestial coordinates)">vernal equinox</a>), the Moon's <a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">declination</a> reaches a maximum and minimum (northern and southern extremes): about 28.6° from the celestial equator. Therefore, the moonrise or moonset <a href="/wiki/Azimuth" title="Azimuth">azimuth</a> has its northern- and southernmost points on the horizon; the Moon at <a href="/wiki/Culmination" title="Culmination">culmination</a> has its lowest and highest <a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">altitude</a> (when the body transits the <a href="/wiki/Meridian_(astronomy)" title="Meridian (astronomy)">meridian</a>); and first sightings of the <a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">new moon</a> potentially have their latest times. Furthermore, <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occultations</a> by the Moon of the <a href="/wiki/Pleiades" title="Pleiades">Pleiades</a> star cluster, which is over 4° north of the ecliptic, occur during a comparatively brief period once every nodal period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effect_on_tides">Effect on tides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_node&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Effect on tides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lunar_precession" title="Lunar precession">precession</a> of the lunar nodes has a small effect on Earth's <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_tides" title="Theory of tides">tides</a> – <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_tide" title="Atmospheric tide">atmospheric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_tide" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean tide">oceanic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Crustal_tide" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustal tide">crustal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KayeStuckey1973_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KayeStuckey1973-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA) determines <a href="/wiki/Mean_lower_low_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean lower low water">mean lower low water</a> (MLLW) at a location by averaging the height of the lowest tide recorded at that location each day during a 19-year recording period, known as the National Tidal Datum Epoch.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 19-year recording period is the nearest full-year count to the 18.6-year cycle of the lunar nodes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">global warming</a>, lunar nodal precession is predicted to contribute to a rapid rise in the frequency of <a href="/wiki/Coastal_flooding" title="Coastal flooding">coastal flooding</a> throughout the 2030s.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_node&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse" title="Eclipse">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_standstill" title="Lunar standstill">Lunar standstill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_of_the_Moon" title="Orbit of the Moon">Orbit of the Moon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_node&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAzarpayKilmer1978" class="citation journal cs1">Azarpay, G.; Kilmer, A. 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"The Eclipse Dragon on an Arabic Frontispiece-Miniature". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>98</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">363–</span>374. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F599748">10.2307/599748</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/599748">599748</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=The+Eclipse+Dragon+on+an+Arabic+Frontispiece-Miniature&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E363-%3C%2Fspan%3E374&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F599748&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F599748%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Azarpay&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Kilmer%2C+A.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+node" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarboni1997" class="citation book cs1">Carboni, Stefano (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Following_the_Stars_Images_of_the_Zodiac_in_Islamic_Art"><i>Following the Stars: Images of the Zodiac in Islamic Art</i></a>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Following+the+Stars%3A+Images+of+the+Zodiac+in+Islamic+Art&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Carboni&rft.aufirst=Stefano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fmetpublications%2FFollowing_the_Stars_Images_of_the_Zodiac_in_Islamic_Art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+node" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSela2003" class="citation cs2">Sela, Shlomo (2003), <i>Abraham Ibn Ezra and the Rise of Medieval Hebrew Science</i>, Brill's Series in Jewish Studies, vol. 32, Leiden / Boston: Brill, pp. <span class="nowrap">124–</span>126, <span class="nowrap">244–</span>245, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004129733" title="Special:BookSources/9789004129733"><bdi>9789004129733</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abraham+Ibn+Ezra+and+the+Rise+of+Medieval+Hebrew+Science&rft.place=Leiden+%2F+Boston&rft.series=Brill%27s+Series+in+Jewish+Studies&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E124-%3C%2Fspan%3E126%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E244-%3C%2Fspan%3E245&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789004129733&rft.aulast=Sela&rft.aufirst=Shlomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+node" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHartner1938" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Hartner" title="Willy Hartner">Hartner, Willy</a> (1938), "The Pseudoplanetary Nodes of the Moon's Orbit in Hindu and Islamic Iconographies: A Contribution to the History of Ancient and Medieval Astrology", <i>Ars Islamica</i>, <b>5</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">112–</span>154, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4520926">4520926</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Islamica&rft.atitle=The+Pseudoplanetary+Nodes+of+the+Moon%27s+Orbit+in+Hindu+and+Islamic+Iconographies%3A+A+Contribution+to+the+History+of+Ancient+and+Medieval+Astrology&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E112-%3C%2Fspan%3E154&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4520926%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hartner&rft.aufirst=Willy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+node" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerzin1987" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berzin_(scholar)" title="Alexander Berzin (scholar)">Berzin, Alexander</a> (1987), "An Introduction to Tibetan Astronomy and Astrology", <i>The Tibet Journal</i>, <b>12</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">17–</span>28, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43300228">43300228</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tibet+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+Tibetan+Astronomy+and+Astrology&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43300228%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Berzin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+node" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Godin, G. (2015). The Use of Nodal Corrections in the Calculation of Harmonic Constants. The International Hydrographic Review, 63(2). Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/view/23428">https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/view/23428</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KayeStuckey1973-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KayeStuckey1973_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKayeStuckey1973" class="citation journal cs1">Kaye, Clifford A.; Stuckey, Gary W. (1973). "Nodal Tidal Cycle of 18.6 Yr.: Its Importance in Sea-Level Curves of the East Coast of the United States and Its Value in Explaining Long-Term Sea-Level Changes". <i>Geology</i>. <b>1</b> (3): 141. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973Geo.....1..141K">1973Geo.....1..141K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281973%291%3C141%3ANTCOYI%3E2.0.CO%3B2">10.1130/0091-7613(1973)1<141:NTCOYI>2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0091-7613">0091-7613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology&rft.atitle=Nodal+Tidal+Cycle+of+18.6+Yr.%3A+Its+Importance+in+Sea-Level+Curves+of+the+East+Coast+of+the+United+States+and+Its+Value+in+Explaining+Long-Term+Sea-Level+Changes&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=141&rft.date=1973&rft.issn=0091-7613&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0091-7613%281973%291%3C141%3ANTCOYI%3E2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973Geo.....1..141K&rft.aulast=Kaye&rft.aufirst=Clifford+A.&rft.au=Stuckey%2C+Gary+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+node" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/datum_options.html">"Tidal Datums"</a>. <i>Tides and Currents</i>. <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tides+and+Currents&rft.atitle=Tidal+Datums&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftidesandcurrents.noaa.gov%2Fdatum_options.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+node" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/tidal_datums_and_their_applications.pdf">"Tidal Datums and Their Applications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tides and Currents</i>. <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (Special Publication NOS CO-OPS 1). June 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tides+and+Currents&rft.atitle=Tidal+Datums+and+Their+Applications&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftidesandcurrents.noaa.gov%2Fpublications%2Ftidal_datums_and_their_applications.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+node" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThompsonWidlanskyHamlingtonMerrifield2021" class="citation journal cs1">Thompson, Philip R.; Widlansky, Matthew J.; Hamlington, Benjamin D.; Merrifield, Mark A.; Marra, John J.; Mitchum, Gary T.; Sweet, William (July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-021-01077-8">"Rapid increases and extreme months in projections of United States high-tide flooding"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Climate_Change" title="Nature Climate Change">Nature Climate Change</a></i>. <b>11</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">584–</span>590. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021NatCC..11..584T">2021NatCC..11..584T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41558-021-01077-8">10.1038/s41558-021-01077-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1758-678X">1758-678X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235497055">235497055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Rapid+increases+and+extreme+months+in+projections+of+United+States+high-tide+flooding&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E584-%3C%2Fspan%3E590&rft.date=2021-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41558-021-01077-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235497055%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1758-678X&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021NatCC..11..584T&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Philip+R.&rft.au=Widlansky%2C+Matthew+J.&rft.au=Hamlington%2C+Benjamin+D.&rft.au=Merrifield%2C+Mark+A.&rft.au=Marra%2C+John+J.&rft.au=Mitchum%2C+Gary+T.&rft.au=Sweet%2C+William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41558-021-01077-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+node" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_node&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jgiesen.de/sunmoonpolar/">Sun and Moon Polar Applet</a>, showing moonrise/moonset azimuths</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614150005/http://www.astro.uu.nl/~strous/AA/en/antwoorden/hemel.html#v320">Astronomy Answers</a>: What are the standstills of the Moon? 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