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Heelium-3 – Vikipeedia
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Saadaval 32 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-3" title="هيليوم-3 – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيليوم-3" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9-3" title="Хелий-3 – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хелий-3" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heli_3" title="Heli 3 – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Heli 3" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helio-3" title="Helio-3 – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Helio-3" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85-%DB%B3" title="هلیوم-۳ – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هلیوم-۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9lium_3" title="Hélium 3 – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hélium 3" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A5%A8-3" title="헬륨-3 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헬륨-3" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A5%A9" title="हिलियम-३ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिलियम-३" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elio-3" title="Elio-3 – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elio-3" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D-3" title="הליום-3 – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הליום-3" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%93lijs-3" title="Hēlijs-3 – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hēlijs-3" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_-3" title="ഹീലിയം -3 – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹീലിയം -3" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A03" title="ヘリウム3 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘリウム3" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geliy-3" title="Geliy-3 – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Geliy-3" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9lio-3" title="Hélio-3 – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hélio-3" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9-3" title="Гелий-3 – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гелий-3" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3 – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Helium-3" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helyum-3" title="Helyum-3 – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Helyum-3" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9-3" title="Гелій-3 – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гелій-3" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A6-3" title="氦-3 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氦-3" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-imageright{padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output 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#aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/35px-Emblem-important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/53px-Emblem-important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Emblem-important.svg/70px-Emblem-important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>See artikkel</b> <b>ootab <a href="/wiki/Keeletoimetamine" title="Keeletoimetamine">keeletoimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br /><small>Kui oskad, siis palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heelium-3&action=edit">artiklit keeleliselt parandada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Heelium-3</b> on kahe <a href="/wiki/Prooton" title="Prooton">prootoni</a> ja ühe <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroniga</a> <a href="/wiki/Stabiilne_isotoop" title="Stabiilne isotoop">stabiilne</a> <a href="/wiki/Heelium" title="Heelium">heeliumi</a> <a href="/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop">isotoop</a>. </p><p>Heelium-3 olemasolu avastasid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_%C3%81lvarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Álvarez (pole veel kirjutatud)">Luis Álvarez</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Cornog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Cornog (pole veel kirjutatud)">Robert Cornog</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>. aastal. </p><p>Heelium-3 peetakse potentsiaalseks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teise_p%C3%B5lvkonna_termotuumareaktor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teise põlvkonna termotuumareaktor (pole veel kirjutatud)">teise põlvkonna termotuumareaktori</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtus" title="Kütus">kütuseks</a>. Probleem on selle isotoobi haruldus <a href="/wiki/Maa_(planeet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maa (planeet)">Maal</a>. Heelium-3 tekib <a href="/wiki/Triitium" title="Triitium">triitiumi</a> <a href="/wiki/Beetalagunemine" title="Beetalagunemine">beetalagunemisel</a> ning seda protsessi tahetakse kasutada ka heelium-3 tootmiseks. </p><p>Heelium-3 on <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ike" title="Päike">Päikeses</a> toimuvate reaktsioonide kõrvalsaadus. Seda leidub mingil määral <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4ikesetuul" title="Päikesetuul">päikesetuules</a> ja planeetidevahelises keskkonnas. Planeetidevahelisest ruumist <a href="/wiki/Maa_atmosf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" class="mw-redirect" title="Maa atmosfäär">Maa atmosfääri</a> sisenev heelium-3 hajub kiiresti tagasi ja selle sisaldus atmosfääris on üliväike. Osa maapealses atmosfääris leiduvast heelium-3-st on ka atmosfääri- ja veealuste tuumarelvade katsetamise jäänused. </p><p>Et <a href="/wiki/Kuu" title="Kuu">Kuul</a> puudub atmosfäär, leidub sealses pinnakihis (<a href="/wiki/Regoliit" title="Regoliit">regoliit</a>) märkimisväärses koguses heelium-3. Kuu pinnases kogunes heelium-3 järk-järgult üle miljardite aastate päikesetuulega. Selle tulemusena sisaldab tonn Kuu pinnast (kõige õhemas pinnalähedases kihis) umbes 0,01 g heelium-3 (kuni 50 ppb) ja 28 g <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heelium-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heelium-4 (pole veel kirjutatud)">heelium-4</a>. See isotoopide suhe (umbes 0,043%) on oluliselt suurem kui Maa atmosfääris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Füüsikalised_omadused"><span id="F.C3.BC.C3.BCsikalised_omadused"></span>Füüsikalised omadused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heelium-3&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Füüsikalised omadused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heelium-3&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Füüsikalised omadused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tänu oma väikesele <a href="/wiki/Aatommass" title="Aatommass">aatommassile</a> 3,016 u on heelium-3-l mõned füüsikalised omadused, mis erinevad heelium-4 (aatommassiga 4,0026 u). Heelium-3 mikroomaduste tõttu on sellel suurem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nullpunkti_energia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nullpunkti energia (pole veel kirjutatud)">nullpunkti energia</a> kui heelium-4-l. See tähendab, et heelium-3 suudab ületada dipool-dipool-interaktsioonid väiksema soojusenergiaga kui heelium-4. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kvantmehaanika" title="Kvantmehaanika">Kvantmehaanilised</a> mõjud heelium-3-le ja heelium-4-le on oluliselt erinevad, sest kahe <a href="/wiki/Prooton" title="Prooton">prootoni</a>, kahe <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroni</a> ja kahe <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroniga</a> heelium-4 üldine <a href="/wiki/Spinn" title="Spinn">spinn</a> on null, muutes selle <a href="/wiki/Bosonid" title="Bosonid">bosoniks</a>, kuid ühe vähema <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutroniga</a> on heelium-3 üldine spinn üks pool, muutes selle <a href="/wiki/Fermionid" title="Fermionid">fermioniks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasutamine">Kasutamine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heelium-3&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasutamine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heelium-3&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Kasutamine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kvantarvuti" title="Kvantarvuti">Kvantarvutid</a> vajavad töötamiseks väga madalaid temperatuure. Mida madalam on selle keskkonna temperatuur, kus kvantarvuti komponendid asuvad, seda püsivam on arvuti ja seda vähem vigu esineb arvutustes. Heelium-3 on väga tõhus jahutusvedelik, vähendades kvantarvutite müra 1000 korda. </p><p>Heelium-3 on ka oletuslik <a href="/wiki/Termotuumas%C3%BCntees" title="Termotuumasüntees">termotuumasünteesi</a> kütus, mille täpsemaid kasutusvõimalusi uuritakse. </p><p>Heelium-3 loodetakse kasutada tulevase energiaallikana. Erinevalt enamikust tuumasünteesireaktsioonidest on heelium-3 aatomite sulandumine aneutrooniline (aneutronite termotuumasüntees). See vabastab suures koguses energiat, põhjustamata ümbritseva aine radioaktiivseks muutumist. Kuid heelium-3 termotuumareaktsioonide saavutamiseks on vaja palju kõrgemat temperatuuri kui traditsioonilistel termotuumareaktsioonide korral ning see <a href="/wiki/Protsess" title="Protsess">protsess</a> võib vältimatult tekitada ka selliseid reaktsioone, mis põhjustaksid ümbritseva aine radioaktiivseks muutumist. </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐64b6bb4699‐g2wnt Cached time: 20241106071539 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.073 seconds Real time usage: 0.099 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 98/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3275/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2784/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.044/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 817329/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 73.399 1 -total 100.00% 73.399 1 Mall:Keeletoimeta 78.80% 57.835 1 Mall:Ambox --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key etwiki:pcache:idhash:267065-0!canonical and timestamp 20241106071539 and revision id 6643009. 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