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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Schuyler Wheeler</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Wheeler – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Schuyler S. Wheeler" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuyler_S._Wheeler" title="Schuyler S. Wheeler – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schuyler S. Wheeler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuyler_Wheeler" title="Schuyler Wheeler – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Schuyler Wheeler" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="شویلر ویلر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شویلر ویلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuyler_Wheeler" title="Schuyler Wheeler – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Schuyler Wheeler" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%89%B4%EB%9F%AC_%ED%9C%A0%EB%9F%AC" title="쉴러 휠러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쉴러 휠러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuyler_Wheeler" title="Schuyler Wheeler – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Schuyler Wheeler" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1" title="شويلر ويلر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شويلر ويلر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuyler_S._Wheeler" title="Schuyler S. 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American electrical engineer and manufacturer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Schuyler Wheeler</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Schuyler_Skaats_Wheeler_(1860-1923)_in_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Schuyler_Skaats_Wheeler_%281860-1923%29_in_1914.jpg/220px-Schuyler_Skaats_Wheeler_%281860-1923%29_in_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Schuyler_Skaats_Wheeler_%281860-1923%29_in_1914.jpg/330px-Schuyler_Skaats_Wheeler_%281860-1923%29_in_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Schuyler_Skaats_Wheeler_%281860-1923%29_in_1914.jpg/440px-Schuyler_Skaats_Wheeler_%281860-1923%29_in_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="578" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Wheeler <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1914</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Schuyler Skaats Wheeler</div><br />May 17, 1860<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 20, 1923<span style="display:none">(1923-04-20)</span> (aged 62)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, New York, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical engineer">Electrical engineer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Amy Sutton</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Schuyler Skaats Wheeler</b> (May 17, 1860 – April 20, 1923) was an American <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical engineer">electrical engineer</a> and manufacturer who invented the <a href="/wiki/Electric_fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric fan">electric fan</a>, an electric <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevator</a> design, and the <a href="/wiki/Electric_fire_engine" title="Electric fire engine">electric fire engine</a>. He is associated with the early development of the electric motor industry, especially to do with training the blind in this industry for gainful employment. He helped develop and implement a <a href="/wiki/Code_of_ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of ethics">code of ethics</a> for electrical engineers and was associated with the electrical field in one way or another for over thirty years. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_genealogy">Early life and genealogy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schuyler_Wheeler&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and genealogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wheeler was born in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on May 17, 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of James Edwin and Ann Wood (Skaats) Wheeler. His father, a lawyer in New York city, was the son of Aaron Reed Wheeler, a land speculator of <a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_New_York" title="Waterloo, New York">Waterloo, New York</a>, who came originally from <a href="/wiki/Blackstone,_Massachusetts" title="Blackstone, Massachusetts">Blackstone, Massachusetts</a>. Wheeler's mother was the daughter of David Schuyler Skaats, the president of the First National Bank of Waterloo, New York. Skaats was an eighth generation descendant of Dominie Gideon Skaats, who had settled in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>, prior to 1650.{{sfn|White|1900|p=162} </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mid_life_and_career">Mid life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schuyler_Wheeler&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mid life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crocker-Wheeler_Electric,_Ampere_New_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Crocker-Wheeler_Electric%2C_Ampere_New_Jersey.jpg/440px-Crocker-Wheeler_Electric%2C_Ampere_New_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Crocker-Wheeler_Electric%2C_Ampere_New_Jersey.jpg/660px-Crocker-Wheeler_Electric%2C_Ampere_New_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Crocker-Wheeler_Electric%2C_Ampere_New_Jersey.jpg/880px-Crocker-Wheeler_Electric%2C_Ampere_New_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1341" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Crocker-Wheeler Electric Company in the Ampere District of East Orange, New Jersey, c. 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>Wheeler was educated at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Grammar_%26_Preparatory_School" title="Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School">Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School</a>. Leaving college in 1881, upon the death of his father, he became assistant electrician of the <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Yablochkov" title="Pavel Yablochkov">Jablochkov Electric Lighting Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColby1916585_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColby1916585-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheeler then joined the <a href="/w/index.php?title=United21_States_Electric_Lighting_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United21 States Electric Lighting Company (page does not exist)">United21 States Electric Lighting Company</a> in 1883 when Jablochkov went out of business with his electric company.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the engineering staff of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Edison" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas A. Edison">Thomas A. Edison</a> and was part of the project when the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_Station" title="Pearl Street Station">Pearl Street Station</a> debuted the first <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" title="Incandescent light bulb">incandescent light bulbs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Popular_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalone193653_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone193653-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He acted as general manager of the underground distribution system at <a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_New_York" title="Newburgh, New York">Newburgh, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard1921816_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard1921816-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was afterwards in charge to lay the Edison underground systems in other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalone193653_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone193653-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wheeler worked for <a href="/wiki/Herzog_Teleseme_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Herzog Teleseme Company">Herzog Teleseme Company</a> as electrician for a short time between 1884 and 1885. Alongside <a href="/wiki/F._Benedict_Herzog" title="F. Benedict Herzog">F. Benedict Herzog</a>, Wheeler was granted a patent for an "Electric Signaling Apparatus" in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then in 1886 he was part of developing and organizing the C and C Electric Motor Company with Charles G. Curtis and Francis B. Crocker.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were pioneer manufacturers of small electric motors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamersly1914760_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamersly1914760-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheeler became their main technician and plant manager. Wheeler then left the firm as did Crocker in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-founded_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founded-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They organized the electrical engineering firms of Crocker-Wheeler Motor Company of New York state and the Crocker-Wheeler Company of the state of New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-blind_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blind-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheeler was president of both the firms from 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-president_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-president-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his tenure with Crocker-Wheeler, he was particularly important in development of the <a href="/wiki/Electric_motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric motors">electric motors</a> and applying it to <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tool</a> drives.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColby1924800_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColby1924800-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was for seven years (1888–1895) the electrical expert consultant specialist of the Board of Electrical Control of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalone193653-54_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone193653-54-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1900, he purchased the library of <a href="/wiki/Latimer_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Latimer Clark">Josiah Latimer Clark</a>, which contained the largest collection of rare electrical works then known.<sup id="cite_ref-Popular_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He donated the Latimer Clark Library collection and it became the foundation of the library housed in New York's <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Societies%27_Building" title="Engineering Societies' Building">Engineering Societies' Building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Popular_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a> (IEEE) recognized him as one those who had given outstanding service to the Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Worthington_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worthington-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his IEEE presidential address in 1906, he was the progenitor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of Ethics">Code of Ethics</a></i> for <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical engineers">electrical engineers</a>, which was adopted in 1912 by the Institute's Board of Directors.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crocker-Wheeler_electric_fan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Crocker-Wheeler_electric_fan.jpg/110px-Crocker-Wheeler_electric_fan.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Crocker-Wheeler_electric_fan.jpg/165px-Crocker-Wheeler_electric_fan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Crocker-Wheeler_electric_fan.jpg/220px-Crocker-Wheeler_electric_fan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>1882 electric fan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inventions">Inventions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schuyler_Wheeler&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wheeler invented many electrical devices. He specialized in power saving electrical tools. In 1882 he invented the electric fan by placing a two-bladed propeller on the shaft of an electric motor. It was known as the "buzz fan."<sup id="cite_ref-Popular_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Medal" title="John Scott Medal">John Scott Medal</a> for this invention in 1904 by the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Popular_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane1997290_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane1997290-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheeler's patent for his Electric Fire-engine System was filed May 23, 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Patent Office">United States Patent Office</a> officially approved his invention on February 24, 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wheeler invented the use of the electric motor in connection the <a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a> which reduced the work of the operator when firing to simply pressing a button. It is one of the earliest applications of electricity to <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He invented <a href="/wiki/Parallel_circuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel circuits">paralleling</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dynamo" title="Dynamo">dynamos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits#Series_circuits" title="Series and parallel circuits">series</a> multiple motor control.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1883 he patented an electric elevator design.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elevator_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elevator-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electrical_balloting_apparatus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Electrical_balloting_apparatus.jpg/90px-Electrical_balloting_apparatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Electrical_balloting_apparatus.jpg/135px-Electrical_balloting_apparatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Electrical_balloting_apparatus.jpg/180px-Electrical_balloting_apparatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>ACA ballot box </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electrical_balloting_apparatus">Electrical balloting apparatus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schuyler_Wheeler&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electrical balloting apparatus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wheeler devised an electrical voting device in 1907. This came about through the <a href="/wiki/American_Automobile_Association" title="American Automobile Association">Automobile Club of America</a> membership application process of the time. Formerly the board of governors made use of an old-fashioned method of dropping a small colored ball into a ballot box to determine their approval or disapproval of the applicant. The black and white ball plan of indicating a yes or no vote was good as long as there were not many applicants for membership. The balloting became very time consuming when the list of applicants became large. This was due to the mechanical handling of the little balls and the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/repository" class="extiw" title="wikt:repository">repository</a> <a href="/wiki/Ballot_box" title="Ballot box">ballot box</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FR10_25_1907_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FR10_25_1907-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new technology was invented by Wheeler that used electricity for instantaneous voting and immediate results. He was the club's first vice president and the consulting engineer. His innovation was to have each club member just sit in his chair and press a button for their vote. This would transmit their vote electrically to the central ballot box. Each voter had in his hand a small block of wood in which were two push buttons, one black and the other white. If the member had no objection to the applicant becoming an official member he pressed the white button. Their vote was recorded instantly then at the central location ballot box that received all the member votes electrically. If they thought the club would be better off without the applicant, the voting member pressed the black button for an instant tabulation. These votes, in either case, were in secret and securely tabulated an immediate result.<sup id="cite_ref-FR10_25_1907_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FR10_25_1907-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schuyler_Wheeler&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Crocker-Wheeler company of New Jersey was located in the now defunct town of <a href="/wiki/Ampere_station" title="Ampere station">Ampere</a>. Wheeler innovated a way after World War I to have disabled veterans that became visually impaired from war injuries to become productively employed as self-supporting citizens. Wheeler established an auxiliary factory of the Double-Duty Finger Guild on May 11, 1917. It was a separate training center and furnished work for the blind. The building was a few blocks away from the main factory and suitable material from the main factory was brought over to this auxiliary facility for the blind to assemble.<sup id="cite_ref-TGR7_8_1920_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGR7_8_1920-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These blind workers were paid a minimum wage during training and afterwards promoted to full-time positions to earn a normal income.<sup id="cite_ref-SeaPower_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeaPower-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of their duties at first was the taping of wire coils which were on the armatures of electric motors. This was easily learned and advanced work was soon taught of winding wire coils for electric motors and transformers. The trainees were given a minimum wage at the beginning and then promoted to the regular wage earned by sighted employees.<sup id="cite_ref-TGR7_8_1920_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TGR7_8_1920-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheeler traveled to Europe in 1918 to explain to the French and British governments this system he used for the blind.<sup id="cite_ref-SADM5_17_1918_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SADM5_17_1918-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The superintendent of the main factory suggested that some of the more talented blind trainees could work at the main factory. The result of that idea was that these blind people were given the opportunity to work side by side with the regular employees in the main factory. This plan proved satisfactory and resulted in the testing of processes not known to the normal electrical trade. Special drills and punch presses were used in Wheeler's experiments. He allowed his main factory to be used as a workshop and research facilities in which the blind could test these various unconventional manufacturing techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-NewOutlook_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewOutlook-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px; height: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crocker-Wheeler_blind_coil_winders.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crocker-Wheeler main plant blind coil winders for electrical motors"><img alt="Crocker-Wheeler main plant blind coil winders for electrical motors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Crocker-Wheeler_blind_coil_winders.jpg/172px-Crocker-Wheeler_blind_coil_winders.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Crocker-Wheeler_blind_coil_winders.jpg/258px-Crocker-Wheeler_blind_coil_winders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Crocker-Wheeler_blind_coil_winders.jpg/344px-Crocker-Wheeler_blind_coil_winders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="639" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crocker-Wheeler main plant blind coil winders for electrical motors</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px; height: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_transformer_parts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crocker-Wheeler main plant blind workers making transformers"><img alt="Crocker-Wheeler main plant blind workers making transformers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_transformer_parts.jpg/172px-Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_transformer_parts.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_transformer_parts.jpg/258px-Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_transformer_parts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_transformer_parts.jpg/344px-Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_transformer_parts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="871" data-file-height="573" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crocker-Wheeler main plant blind workers making transformers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px; height: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_notching_machines.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crocker-Wheeler main plant blind workers on notching machines"><img alt="Crocker-Wheeler main plant blind workers on notching machines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_notching_machines.jpg/172px-Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_notching_machines.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_notching_machines.jpg/258px-Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_notching_machines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_notching_machines.jpg/344px-Crocker-Wheeler_blind_employees_on_notching_machines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="607" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crocker-Wheeler main plant blind workers on notching machines</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px; height: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finger_Guild.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Double-Duty Finger Guild of Crocker-Wheeler Company, department for the blind auxiliary factory and training center."><img alt="Double-Duty Finger Guild of Crocker-Wheeler Company, department for the blind auxiliary factory and training center." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Finger_Guild.jpg/172px-Finger_Guild.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Finger_Guild.jpg/258px-Finger_Guild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Finger_Guild.jpg/344px-Finger_Guild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="659" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Double-Duty Finger Guild of Crocker-Wheeler Company, department for the blind auxiliary factory and training center.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px; height: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blind_workers_taping_armature_coils.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crocker-Wheeler blind workers training to tape electric motor armature coils at the Double-Duty Finger Guild."><img alt="Crocker-Wheeler blind workers training to tape electric motor armature coils at the Double-Duty Finger Guild." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Blind_workers_taping_armature_coils.jpg/172px-Blind_workers_taping_armature_coils.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Blind_workers_taping_armature_coils.jpg/258px-Blind_workers_taping_armature_coils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Blind_workers_taping_armature_coils.jpg/344px-Blind_workers_taping_armature_coils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="663" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crocker-Wheeler blind workers training to tape electric motor armature coils at the Double-Duty Finger Guild.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schuyler_Wheeler&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wheeler was married in 1898 to Ella Adams Peterson, daughter of Richard N. Peterson of New York City. She died in 1900 and he married again in 1901 to Amy Sutton, daughter of John Joseph Sutton of <a href="/wiki/Rye,_New_York" title="Rye, New York">Rye, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScannell1917540_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScannell1917540-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a>; the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="American Society of Mechanical Engineers">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</a>; the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Electrical_Engineers" title="American Institute of Electrical Engineers">American Institute of Electrical Engineers</a> (President, 1905–1906;<sup id="cite_ref-Worthington_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worthington-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vice President for three years);<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/University_Club_of_New_York" title="University Club of New York">University Club</a>; the Lotus Club; the Lawyers' Club; and the Automobile Club.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-efficiency_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efficiency-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wheeler was one of nine incorporators of the <a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">United Engineering Society</a> formed in May 1904 and was one of three representatives of the IEEE.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Efficiency_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Efficiency Movement">Efficiency Society</a> with other millionaires.<sup id="cite_ref-efficiency_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efficiency-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote several technical articles related to electricity in various journals.<sup id="cite_ref-articles_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-articles-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote articles for <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a> under the title, "The Cheap John in Electrical Engineering."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1894 he joint authored a book titled "The Practical Management of Dynamos and Motors" with Professor Francis B. Crocker.<sup id="cite_ref-Popular_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wheeler was awarded the honorary degree of <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hobart_and_William_Smith_Colleges" title="Hobart and William Smith Colleges">Hobart College</a> (1894); and a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia College</a> (1912).<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Popular_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popular-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His papers are archived primarily with the IEEE.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died of <a href="/wiki/Angina_pectoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Angina pectoris">angina pectoris</a> at his home in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> on April 20, 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of his death, he chaired the IEEE committee on "code of principles of professional conduct."<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schuyler_Wheeler&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IEEE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethw.org/w/images/e/e5/Wheeler_-_member_bio.pdf">"Schuyler Scatts Wheeler, President 1905-1906. Member biography for Wheeler, New York"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Electrical Engineering 50th Anniversary Number</i>. Piscataway, NJ: American Institute of Electrical Engineers. May 1934<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrical+Engineering+50th+Anniversary+Number&rft.atitle=Schuyler+Scatts+Wheeler%2C+President+1905-1906.+Member+biography+for+Wheeler%2C+New+York&rft.date=1934-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethw.org%2Fw%2Fimages%2Fe%2Fe5%2FWheeler_-_member_bio.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColby1916585-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColby1916585_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColby1916">Colby 1916</a>, p. 585.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1900162_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite1900">White 1900</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Popular-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Popular_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Popular_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Popular_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Popular_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Popular_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Popular_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Popular_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1_HNAAAAMAAJ&dq=Schuyler+S+Wheeler+President+of+the+Crocker+Wheeler+Company+who+for+over+thirty+has+been+prominently+connected+with&pg=PA286">"Electrical Men of the Times: Doctor Schuyler Skaats Wheeler"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Electrician_and_Mechanic" title="Electrician and Mechanic">World's Advance</a></i>. <b>29</b>: 286–287. 1914<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World%27s+Advance&rft.atitle=Electrical+Men+of+the+Times%3A+Doctor+Schuyler+Skaats+Wheeler&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=286-287&rft.date=1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1_HNAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3DSchuyler%2BS%2BWheeler%2BPresident%2Bof%2Bthe%2BCrocker%2BWheeler%2BCompany%2Bwho%2Bfor%2Bover%2Bthirty%2Bhas%2Bbeen%2Bprominently%2Bconnected%2Bwith%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone193653-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalone193653_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalone193653_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalone1936">Malone 1936</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard1921816-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard1921816_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBernhard1921">Bernhard 1921</a>, p. 816.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xa4iAQAAMAAJ&dq=Schuyler+Wheeler+herzog&pg=RA3-PA380">"Electrical Patent Record"</a>. <i>Electricity: A Popular Electrical Journal</i>. <b>11</b> (24). Electricity Newspaper Company: 380. December 1896.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electricity%3A+A+Popular+Electrical+Journal&rft.atitle=Electrical+Patent+Record&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=380&rft.date=1896-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxa4iAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3DSchuyler%2BWheeler%2Bherzog%26pg%3DRA3-PA380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamersly1914760-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamersly1914760_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamersly1914">Hamersly 1914</a>, p. 760.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-founded-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-founded_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vintagemachinery.org/mfgindex/detail.aspx?id=3098">"Crocker-Wheeler Electric Co"</a>. <i>Manufacturers Index</i>. VintageMachinery.org. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manufacturers+Index&rft.atitle=Crocker-Wheeler+Electric+Co.&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvintagemachinery.org%2Fmfgindex%2Fdetail.aspx%3Fid%3D3098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blind-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blind_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9737767//">"Electrical Shops for Ambitious Blind"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sandusky_Register" title="Sandusky Register">Sandusky Register</a></i>. Sandusky, Ohio. June 29, 1919 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sandusky+Register&rft.atitle=Electrical+Shops+for+Ambitious+Blind&rft.date=1919-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F9737767%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-president-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-president_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9738063//">"Electrical Terms Defined and Explained"</a>. <i>Evening News</i>. Ada, Oklahoma. April 16, 1912 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+News&rft.atitle=Electrical+Terms+Defined+and+Explained&rft.date=1912-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F9738063%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColby1924800-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColby1924800_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColby1924">Colby 1924</a>, p. 800.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalone193653-54-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalone193653-54_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalone1936">Malone 1936</a>, p. 53-54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytobit-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff report (April 21, 1923). Dr. S. S. Wheeler, Inventor, Dead; President of Crocker-Wheeler Co. Dies Suddenly at His Park Av. Home at 63. Engineer and physicist, founder of United Engineering Society. Presented Latimer-Clark Library to American Institute. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Worthington-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Worthington_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worthington_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorthington1911" class="citation journal cs1">Worthington, George (March 11, 1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O4ofAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA470">"Presentation of Badges to Past Presidents, Institute of American Electrical Engineers"</a>. <i>Electrical Review and Western Electrician</i>. <b>58</b> (10): 470<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrical+Review+and+Western+Electrician&rft.atitle=Presentation+of+Badges+to+Past+Presidents%2C+Institute+of+American+Electrical+Engineers&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=470&rft.date=1911-03-11&rft.aulast=Worthington&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO4ofAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane1997290-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane1997290_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKane1997">Kane 1997</a>, p. 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323143035/http://www.sirenworld.com/misc/patents/firefighting-patents/electric-fire-engine-system-patent-artwork">"Electric Fire Engine Patent art work"</a>. Siren World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sirenworld.com/misc/patents/firefighting-patents/electric-fire-engine-system-patent-artwork">the original</a> on 2017-03-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electric+Fire+Engine+Patent+art+work&rft.pub=Siren+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sirenworld.com%2Fmisc%2Fpatents%2Ffirefighting-patents%2Felectric-fire-engine-system-patent-artwork&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1883" class="citation web cs1">Wheeler, Schuyler (27 February 1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/pdfs/28af9c2b1ad151d0bc72/US273208.pdf">"SCHUYLER S. WHEELER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. – Electric Elevator Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 273,208"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Patent Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Wichita, Kansas. May 17, 1915 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wichita+Beacon&rft.atitle=Notable+Birthdays+Today&rft.date=1915-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F9737437%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FR10_25_1907-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FR10_25_1907_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FR10_25_1907_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63438291/fairview-republican/">"Balloting in Large Clubs Made Easy by New Device"</a>. <i>Fairview Republican</i>. Fairview, Oklahoma. October 25, 1907 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fairview+Republican&rft.atitle=Balloting+in+Large+Clubs+Made+Easy+by+New+Device&rft.date=1907-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F63438291%2Ffairview-republican%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TGR7_8_1920-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TGR7_8_1920_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGR7_8_1920_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63470147/">"Give Sightless Equal Chance"</a>. <i>The Gage Record</i>. Gages, Oklahoma. July 8, 1920 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gage+Record&rft.atitle=Give+Sightless+Equal+Chance&rft.date=1920-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F63470147%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SeaPower-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SeaPower_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1919" class="citation journal cs1">Wheeler, Schuyler Skaats (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/economicindepend00schu/page/46/mode/2up">"Economic Independence for the Blinded"</a>. <i>Sea Power</i>: 45–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sea+Power&rft.atitle=Economic+Independence+for+the+Blinded&rft.pages=45-47&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Schuyler+Skaats&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feconomicindepend00schu%2Fpage%2F46%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SADM5_17_1918-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SADM5_17_1918_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/63453021/">"Notable Birthdays to-day May 17"</a>. <i>St. Albans Daily Messenger</i>. Saint Albans, Vermont. May 17, 1918 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Albans+Daily+Messenger&rft.atitle=Notable+Birthdays+to-day+May+17&rft.date=1918-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F63453021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewOutlook-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NewOutlook_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dZdGAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22double+duty+finger+guild%22+%22Charles+F.F.+Campbell%22&pg=PA13">"Employment of the blind at the Crocker-Wheeler factory, Ampere, N.J."</a> <i>The New Outlook for the Blind</i>. <b>13</b>: 13–19. 1919.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Outlook+for+the+Blind&rft.atitle=Employment+of+the+blind+at+the+Crocker-Wheeler+factory%2C+Ampere%2C+N.J.&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=13-19&rft.date=1919&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdZdGAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522double%2Bduty%2Bfinger%2Bguild%2522%2B%2522Charles%2BF.F.%2BCampbell%2522%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScannell1917540-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScannell1917540_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScannell1917">Scannell 1917</a>, p. 540.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-efficiency-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-efficiency_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-efficiency_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9738364//">"Millionaires Who have new Industrial System"</a>. <i>Palladium-Item</i>. January 25, 1913. p. 3 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palladium-Item&rft.atitle=Millionaires+Who+have+new+Industrial+System&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1913-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F9738364%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-articles-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-articles_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9738727/daily_herald/">"The Mystery of the Kilowatt"</a>. <i>Daily Herald</i>. Fort Smith, Arkansas. March 13, 1913 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Herald&rft.atitle=The+Mystery+of+the+Kilowatt&rft.date=1913-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F9738727%2Fdaily_herald%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethw.org/Archives:Papers_of_Schuyler_Skaats_Wheeler">"Archives: Papers of Schuyler Skaats Wheeler"</a>. Industry and Technology History. July 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archives%3A+Papers+of+Schuyler+Skaats+Wheeler&rft.pub=Industry+and+Technology+History&rft.date=2014-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethw.org%2FArchives%3APapers_of_Schuyler_Skaats_Wheeler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schuyler_Wheeler&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Schuyler_Wheeler" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Schuyler Wheeler"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Schuyler Wheeler</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernhard1921" class="citation book cs1">Bernhard, Frank H. (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pf5MAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22electric+elevator%22+Schuyler+Skaats+Wheeler&pg=PA816"><i>EMF Electrical Year Book</i></a>. Electrical Trade Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42337519">42337519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=EMF+Electrical+Year+Book&rft.pub=Electrical+Trade+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1921&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42337519&rft.aulast=Bernhard&rft.aufirst=Frank+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpf5MAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522electric%2Belevator%2522%2BSchuyler%2BSkaats%2BWheeler%26pg%3DPA816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColby1916" class="citation book cs1">Colby, Frank Moore (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jAcoAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22electric+elevator%22+Schuyler+Skaats+Wheeler&pg=PA585"><i>The New International Encyclopedia</i></a>. Dodd, Mead and Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19425466">19425466</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+and+Company&rft.date=1916&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19425466&rft.aulast=Colby&rft.aufirst=Frank+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjAcoAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3D%2522electric%2Belevator%2522%2BSchuyler%2BSkaats%2BWheeler%26pg%3DPA585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColby1924" class="citation book cs1">Colby, Frank Moore (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aaYYAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22electric+elevator%22+Schuyler+Skaats+Wheeler&pg=PA800"><i>The New International Encyclopedia</i></a>. Dodd, Mead and Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/320991580">320991580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+and+Company&rft.date=1924&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F320991580&rft.aulast=Colby&rft.aufirst=Frank+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaaYYAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3D%2522electric%2Belevator%2522%2BSchuyler%2BSkaats%2BWheeler%26pg%3DPA800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamersly1914" class="citation book cs1">Hamersly, L. R. (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5exHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA760"><i>Who's who in New York City and State</i></a>. L.R. Hamersly Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1081072058">1081072058</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+in+New+York+City+and+State&rft.pub=L.R.+Hamersly+Company&rft.date=1914&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1081072058&rft.aulast=Hamersly&rft.aufirst=L.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5exHAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane1997" class="citation book cs1">Kane, Joseph Nathan (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/famousfirstfacts00kane_0"><i>Famous first facts</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/H._W._Wilson_Company" title="H. W. Wilson Company">H. W. Wilson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8242-0930-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8242-0930-8"><bdi>978-0-8242-0930-8</bdi></a>. <q>4332. The first electric fan was invented by Dr. Schuyler Skaats Wheeler, who in 1882 placed a fan or propeller on the shaft of an electric motor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famous+first+facts&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8242-0930-8&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffamousfirstfacts00kane_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalone1936" class="citation book cs1">Malone, Dumas (1936). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_American_Biography" title="Dictionary of American Biography">Dictionary of American Biography</a> ... Volume XIX</i>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/769913141">769913141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+American+Biography+...+Volume+XIX&rft.date=1936&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F769913141&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=Dumas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScannell1917" class="citation book cs1">Scannell, John James (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EZVQAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22electric+elevator%22+Schuyler+Skaats+Wheeler&pg=PA540"><i>Scannell's New Jersey First Citizens State</i></a>. J.J. Scannell Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/312901815">312901815</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scannell%27s+New+Jersey+First+Citizens+State&rft.pub=J.J.+Scannell+Company&rft.date=1917&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F312901815&rft.aulast=Scannell&rft.aufirst=John+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEZVQAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3D%2522electric%2Belevator%2522%2BSchuyler%2BSkaats%2BWheeler%26pg%3DPA540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1900" class="citation book cs1">White, J. T. (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r9k-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA162"><i>National Cyclopedia of American Biography</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7685559">7685559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Cyclopedia+of+American+Biography&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7685559&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=J.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr9k-AAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASchuyler+Wheeler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schuyler_Wheeler&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323143035/http://www.sirenworld.com/misc/patents/firefighting-patents/electric-fire-engine-system-patent-artwork">Electric Fire Engine Patent art work</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20Schuyler%20Skaats%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20Schuyler%20S%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20S%2E%20S%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Schuyler%20Skaats%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Schuyler%20S%2E%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22S%2E%20S%2E%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20Schuyler%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Schuyler%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Schuyler%20Skaats%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Schuyler%20S%2E%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22S%2E%20S%2E%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22S%2E%20Skaats%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20Schuyler%20Skaats%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20Schuyler%20S%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20S%2E%20S%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20S%2E%20Skaats%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Schuyler%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20Schuyler%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Schuyler%20Skaats%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Schuyler%20S%2E%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20title%3A%22S%2E%20S%2E%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Schuyler%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Schuyler%20Skaats%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Schuyler%20S%2E%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20description%3A%22S%2E%20S%2E%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20Schuyler%20Skaats%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20Schuyler%20S%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Schuyler%20Wheeler%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Wheeler%2C%20Schuyler%22%29%20OR%20%28%221860-1923%22%20AND%20Wheeler%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Schuyler Wheeler</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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