CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136f7113fa15cd6',cH: '6qMrSU45I6jffaXA0z2s5SaZ3LfjjsnK1G_DIiOabE8-1739807762-1.2.1.1-dcYqfBUzNWjPYdEmbSuGhvGvumE7R32tTL9CdqIrLjukm6k9umgBCfwDHH5lo9MZ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=consumption%20inequality&__cf_chl_tk=XNHE9RalLn_T8.NhC9rr4hHOsHqcGOwDz7RcflUgMnY-1739807762-1.0.1.1-crM20mt_K6sGwnuDfoHpmIFi5pdfpKxBnzOdfDAORPE",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739807762',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=consumption%20inequality&__cf_chl_f_tk=XNHE9RalLn_T8.NhC9rr4hHOsHqcGOwDz7RcflUgMnY-1739807762-1.0.1.1-crM20mt_K6sGwnuDfoHpmIFi5pdfpKxBnzOdfDAORPE",md: "vBX0Gxwu584x3RBf8eO26.0yIq_VDjCH6MO4DH6DPY0-1739807762-1.2.1.1-ibxJ3E_FfigaL6udwaDtORxmNzSKcADPKxxuIhlR0qjDHJHCXGudh5rSmheaOfQksMT79Ee1ZF6_qu1swlC_ky6i3_05Cy6k8_6au0pFfhDiBsFSvoO14HyinBF7811lxGztXScEWBuesoScF8qlat0tb7WA6bLTBodIysdhhOu5RlL6Zjnmq7qoqNjpahAR58EECV3E8L3E_l8aOJpQZ4sFG44.DS2meTl67pcqEA0H8uHHzOkfJS7zOo04hhsLEUMbL1ux2Ajnnpctn9_Fm2HwuTe1eqXZFgMHEcrQ2bcOW5.vPbYOaSNHb6JimAwVQxnNnD3rBvoiA_9qHI.RGw6VAeBuf7JEMTwMSx6HlqXchvBlI1NuZAU2GOZtFwQ_VCnkvyUPQHFcpyA_VEyt6xx2qEll_qpu5I9bQiSeX1cIEAnMXJULhfo_pCN3oA22mzwNy3kZFB0IVQF_3q3EWq0epvmAV..m981DOK4aWVQPH19n9qGZOUw5xafz.WshsmY31gnOHt1Yu8Fn_Gmrgw._LYGTVDy.K8lEdn0l8EfCjy0mSLX7XiuMCzTh2XeyJJDY6v_CeIVJkHewzl.CffU7SoyNuKXmYJm9if_KfMACIpMBJxlmwCACHGw8xqZL.upBz90jfLr9bIZYrXoAOnERrtThB6KVWjpsZ_x2jS6D2KfIF0qkQEeUgTNT1a9tutXY3UFYczk18MW8wd8MUP3AubtVKFC2MIGlTURFZeQJnD3R_rq3M3N.zcKrztEZlyculhMdcSQC7Bme17FmPgidoUapqCV94FEtwwjhTz5nOVbH9SEUEkauykrXbS_gCF1EtJbU4suNeq0LSZWh5l0IIVsK4UjR9FbpC5cQOBTPxuvZFLueW6.iWluLKwAATyWEw86XpsXAMx5jCuxo6fX8TgvFxbt8pABdjQ5VfTZFFNt8.6X1MLyMsmZkM_Q15yiSqHFvEYGT97B5caK96.R1Em32j1S7mG6OuZziiM55EtW4y64UEICZhjhFhFqmlF7PCfQmdYqOHyfF45WBPvVnvn0ihpjSAWx03cO4x0GKKTm17FExOhobQ2iHpU_cZIChova2gD36b4U9cjDNM7jVVzgr53tteuUdTPYiDmWI_X7h9bMDW1DQF5DbKTb_jX.fnmKu_096R5QjlQQHVfj8DfLfdn.8fVANjbZ1BCUzV5.QtuDRQje_OrNxuQ.5q1juS7axZ_J__ldhuHWIbk7eYdNmKqrvRlqOHIS9Mwcs5E1erPjtlUgde24OsiEpJvH20.UjgCifjJyOd2UQSxLI0W0NqlddrBs.3QWlaS6eLDWbbdBbVwg3rLsPBt6UuqZ0EvDODx6GHX7AE6.1EwlW.mY_d.xYSUOyoxlE0mL2Tm2ovUW8DAfUvDNOplO7qRVm_1R_yqxw2meAgMDVjZarjy5xnifZuSwNcjIdZCvrv_uujUR4G5alMJsl67on8URzFo5NfrNfWc9_CUGPwjKwsbuj3Ttp0EHtACu9kmgx2uzbv8cjy7EdtRbDQssab51PHUpPXlgV3OEzKY4TqR5V0oJY01OSzwZXthDU9gaD7EjqpB.f6hGMO9ir8AXNMvW6wW6bs6v3krntmv5j8FTWwXZjBddYXZW0yPxmr8MdmJEIb1BURq_asMw7LjsH.XwDHWKLUpI1JRHsAGQ8_OjhALCJ0rUFrcuwJ2jHNyda9qRXgqjjANLCQE5dGropY2SmklVgifq9G7V.X0vKOXEAoWOFcIFCve2UiIwlPS_TnYg2Pv6GR9XPzo3ilrnFOtpFIUiXpEhiiytpYZqQ9.bMoCEjOk6_l5W7lZFBctn8nAFsaU5DcyOTLkr1goAqOn9wzuLTf3QTQITNbxh6zKmfwNxRVlkHGIz3RTkK1Jqd9VsVmXekUmNZb77r3WU7zsWniucQaAOcSXa4B6kSIQ2qHg8AHEjmM2zPgPSlY7UTfq5bKlzQsFalcCpd8vtY",mdrd: "fuCGcJVy9r8ocj_sExyWMQyEI85Kxb8T7WtOfxQv9SU-1739807762-1.2.1.1-GUKgUdmvnDX3nYZrcdJWChzYGy6DOojUERabvdEF8RvyjG2BBO64kCNKTGNyM2TGVP2Ou.4u.C8coanuT4LIhSAtCNOM8LFLoUD61xsECSQacNGokgVbtsk9y73I5BkXYYGjED.rjltPBIyCNNCNEZoWW0J4PJtWFH0nJPEEDZSOD7fzzW_zxSagTvQmVfZvmG3xDW6sqmZVlGqsrsFsfjUdsz19qnP8RffOCRVJBaWYVy6Ox1Achcfl_Ny4MOzRSXftvGSt8D7QTKbnznMXfyS1mX1XRd5Whr32Sa1Uo3ZJ7nK_KqmWEegLsiCJ13.3rlok6Rp8O3VtguxUFpaOIy_Uw7HcRwfowOeoCkda045qsbhfW.ltYGrTjqrmMu7uPgEUIU70QRPeznwzmyS3cKdE0qF4RbqkgMoP.Ljc.NpT6ZBGIm6LRRw0qtymrXc.lP70NHQe7JQ1MDUehx02gCVisewh0RoC7yA2KBLBAtAWdanCawIAzM1NlTYd3PdAeq9HgXTSO_G_N1UZrL0trTcBeE_Oa4N0r4ywg.ZH1jAGQg6sr15_p6BTGSRg6ChJSVUfQ3n4VHsKA8BdJJcByF4I28BWgjcLjt_sPDRt7bPNR92HWpYq.FKLdv0z8aFnhPDHRVEnobEQH28g5G694ftTM4ecHmfEo5q3vSa1DwT4GHGCZ7DWosGyNeN9EXNnBYR6SIjvudNscBQVc63KggMcpShMGNxMe0I5HOGvwYxlFnXgdqUF7.NetCc1ZQco1uaIo.kbRXKOfDCzj34wcyQ0T_TsT47p9Gh7Oxyf93R65YY2yM6UJZv72QRMjKkbcqDGzwqh0xjbZNaMlHV7HxBQ9ketEhT.UkY_sTtkm4ej7M9BrA6q89CzWYohZ_5hLBng7j7wCMbQAs3RooGqHMxmvm2I6Rk2EDmIWKnGefQ7M3tS0XSExbdvdyxWyODQ39qhKEBiQYPYra9rd.qBMrGnGdRpQD0ZwlLDUeeVqlsrh6Dbldv.RW4Qaswf6LtjgCnc_0NiXaidu31f5R3Zv4zqsmKxmQ6ORYbPM_QMPvLowtN6H1944Idhb1TPUYAGNA5XT6bhO9YsRYfEfH9_QbLohnW0R5cPEIQNouadoxFRvXyWAgieBPg6Ok4SD5exiXFNw1UdIXXlqUJ5Ds4YMRvjC_8px9_nXH3l3gJ.1KHYUWHV.IZAp2JhkCLXY2wqBBc7lmehPAyUOIb7JznVDmCUqJJTmix7uBUC5pMKExGSvrG8Zy.tB8.5MQcJS8PQRafnD6fQKxZ2gRYqCXtiFz4LOHDEJrVwnNeIsqpC2nw5D0jwmAN7UWQylMPtHemJaOA05C46AHXLW9wRwvjPeDu2tkI6EXb8JoA99Sv6fr30EH3F_27vGiUyjyQUQFj9N.4v3HP6EpeqwgYrjGXYAF2Q4A.cLxMS0TckLoM9rDmPK3X1dzeP9QWxvuWOsXnqw1r9A64drRu_ISPBNZAli7fK8w0M26jfNJMRtX30HMj7WGb7mW.gfSnirLvmjoKmmk88FIv1.sNc8Sf3pdiNmVwMY6FIepZX4tJj6JMChg1JV5P6LA.3ekZ._LNfCoY4D9iaYSgiS4pgQyy77murA69DSb1K7gv.1DUkosPHijFy8S4clUF7b18c2djAII0Hv6uEvdylfoeehQ8yTA5AETIsKB1lSSKlSspIbUwt0uGoBU0UHNX8QfTf4doq7pqAd6iVb90W8ROm2gKdFygDr18y1RaZ1Ez0h88z9Vam8n6dc8dtxEmo8zOdjq.Wy8bHGGHlrCoPyJUZ0PkeSclSqelVEf3vPRgBCNtZ4lYCLmfYGc7EzriKmHe0rjTiOVS.gpA21V95vK8.KiOMoe4S1ntV9G_jViruduxc3CCPhSNV8puiweb5s8nU.QHCrRkJWEIZhqIJNHkZhkKYlFaMtjopDV3ar4peqCIzFXAtaIeZGgkEC8ss36aajg5.0hf5gfn2F7FjsSPBO0Xop_QcCQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136f7113fa15cd6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=consumption%20inequality&__cf_chl_rt_tk=XNHE9RalLn_T8.NhC9rr4hHOsHqcGOwDz7RcflUgMnY-1739807762-1.0.1.1-crM20mt_K6sGwnuDfoHpmIFi5pdfpKxBnzOdfDAORPE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>