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border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size:95%; margin-bottom:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="Vorlage_Begriffsklärungshinweis"><div class="noviewer noresize bksicon" style="display: table-cell; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/38px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/50px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="340" /></span></span></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div role="navigation"> Der Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Zur Standardvarietät des Chinesischen siehe <a href="/wiki/Hochchinesisch" title="Hochchinesisch">Hochchinesisch</a>.</div> </div></div> <table class="infobox wikitable float-right toptextcells" style="width:330px; font-size:95%; margin-top:0;" summary="Infobox Sprache"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#A9BEC7; color:#202122; font-size: 1.3em;"><big>Mandarin</big><br />官话 – Guānhuà<br />Nordchinesisch<br />北方话 – Běifānghuà </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F2F2F4; width:33%;"> <p>Gesprochen in </p> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="display:none;">China Volksrepublik</span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China">Volksrepublik China</a>,<br /><span style="display:none">Taiwan</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republik_China_(Taiwan)" title="Republik China (Taiwan)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republik_China_(Taiwan)" title="Republik China (Taiwan)">Taiwan</a>,<br /><span style="display:none">Malaysia</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>,<br /><span style="display:none">Singapur</span><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/20px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/30px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/40px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a>,<br />sowie weltweit in den <a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Diasporagemeinden</a><br />mit größeren Minderheiten in:<br /><span style="display:none">Australien</span><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a>,<br /><span style="display:none">Brunei</span><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>,<br /><span style="display:none">Indonesien</span><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien">Indonesien</a>,<br /><span style="display:none">Mongolei</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mongolei" title="Mongolei"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mongolei" title="Mongolei">Mongolei</a>,<br /><span style="display:none">Vereinigte Staaten</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">Vereinigte Staaten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="hintergrundfarbe5">Sprecher </td> <td colspan="2">898 Millionen <a href="/wiki/Muttersprache" title="Muttersprache">Muttersprachler</a><br />(geschätzt)<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="hintergrundfarbe5">Linguistische<br /><a href="/wiki/Sprachfamilie" title="Sprachfamilie">Klassifikation</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinotibetische_Sprachen" title="Sinotibetische Sprachen">Sinotibetisch</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chinesische_Sprachen" title="Chinesische Sprachen">Chinesische Sprachen</a> <dl><dd><dl><dd><div style="font-weight:bold;">Mandarin</div></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#A9BEC7; color:#202122;">Sprachcodes </th></tr> <tr> <td class="hintergrundfarbe5"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1 </td> <td colspan="2"> <p>zh (Chinesische Sprachen) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="hintergrundfarbe5"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-2 </td> <td style="width:33%;">(<a href="/wiki/ISO_639#Terminologische_und_bibliographische_Sprachcodes_(T/B)" title="ISO 639">B</a>) chi (Chinesische Sprachen) </td> <td style="width:33%;">(<a href="/wiki/ISO_639#Terminologische_und_bibliographische_Sprachcodes_(T/B)" title="ISO 639">T</a>) zho (Chinesische Sprachen) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="hintergrundfarbe5"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-3 </td> <td colspan="2"> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/cmn">cmn</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/zho">zho</a> (Makrosprache, Chinesische Sprachen) </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Mandarin</b> ist die verbreitetste <a href="/wiki/Chinesische_Sprachen" title="Chinesische Sprachen">chinesische Sprache</a> und die Muttersprache von etwa 70 % der <a href="/wiki/Han-Chinesen" class="mw-redirect" title="Han-Chinesen">Han-Chinesen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mit ca. 898 Millionen Sprechern ist es die Sprache mit den weltweit meisten <a href="/wiki/Muttersprache" title="Muttersprache">Muttersprachlern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Das Wort <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(Titel)#Etymologie" title="Mandarin (Titel)">„Mandarin“</a> ist nicht chinesischen, sondern malaiisch-portugiesischen Ursprungs und ist eine <a href="/wiki/Westliche_Welt" title="Westliche Welt">westliche</a> Bezeichnung der hohen Staatsbeamten im <a href="/wiki/Kaiserreich_China" title="Kaiserreich China">Kaiserreich China</a> während der <a href="/wiki/Ming-Dynastie" title="Ming-Dynastie">Ming-</a> und <a href="/wiki/Qing-Dynastie" title="Qing-Dynastie">Qing-Dynastie</a>. Die chinesische Bezeichnung der Sprache ist <b>Guānhuà</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinesische_Schrift" title="Chinesische Schrift">chinesisch</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r184932626">.mw-parser-output .Hant{font-size:110%}</style><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">官話</span> / <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r184932629">.mw-parser-output .Hans{font-size:110%}</style><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">官话</span>), was mit „Beamtensprache“ übersetzt werden kann. Alternativ wird auch von <b>Běifānghuà</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">北方話</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">北方话</span> – „Sprache des Nordens“, <span class="navigation-not-searchable" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e1\/Zh-Beifanghua.ogg\/Zh-Beifanghua.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span style=\"white-space:initial;\">anh\u00f6ren<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"de","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Beifanghua.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Zh-Beifanghua.ogg/Zh-Beifanghua.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Audio abspielen" title="Audio abspielen" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span style="white-space:initial;">anhören</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Zh-Beifanghua.ogg" title="Datei:Zh-Beifanghua.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span><sup class="noprint">/<a href="/wiki/Hilfe:Audio" title="Hilfe:Audio"><span title="Hilfe – Audio">?</span></a></sup></span>) gesprochen, was etwa als „<b>Nordchinesisch</b>“ übersetzt werden kann, obwohl das Verbreitungsgebiet weit über den Norden Chinas hinausgeht. Mandarin ist ein Oberbegriff der Dialekte <a href="/wiki/Nordchina_und_S%C3%BCdchina" title="Nordchina und Südchina">nordchinesischen</a> Ursprungs; es können <a href="/wiki/Linguistik" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistik">linguistisch</a> acht untergeordnete Dialektgruppen unterschieden werden. </p><p>Als Muttersprache verbreitet ist Mandarin in China nördlich des <a href="/wiki/Jangtse" class="mw-redirect" title="Jangtse">Jangtse</a> sowie in einem Gürtel südlich des Flusses von Qiujiang (<a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>) bis <a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>), in der Provinz <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> mit Ausnahme des südöstlichen Zipfels, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, dem Nordwesten von <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> und dem Nordwesten von <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>. </p><p>Der <a href="/wiki/Peking-Dialekt" title="Peking-Dialekt">Peking-Dialekt</a> des Mandarin bildet die Grundlage für das standardisierte <a href="/wiki/Hochchinesisch" title="Hochchinesisch">Hochchinesisch</a>, welches man gewöhnlich in Peking mit <i>Putonghua</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">普通話</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">普通话</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">pǔtōnghuà</span></i> – „allgemeine Sprache“<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) bezeichnet. Jeder Teil Chinas hat einen lokalen Dialekt und spricht Mandarin mit einem lokalen Akzent. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Hauptdialekte"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Hauptdialekte</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Literatur"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Literatur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hauptdialekte">Hauptdialekte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_(Sprache)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Hauptdialekte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_(Sprache)&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Hauptdialekte"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Dialekte_des_Mandarin_und_Jin_in_China.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Dialekte_des_Mandarin_und_Jin_in_China.png/320px-Dialekte_des_Mandarin_und_Jin_in_China.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Dialekte_des_Mandarin_und_Jin_in_China.png/480px-Dialekte_des_Mandarin_und_Jin_in_China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Dialekte_des_Mandarin_und_Jin_in_China.png/640px-Dialekte_des_Mandarin_und_Jin_in_China.png 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Dialekte des Mandarin und <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Sprache)" title="Jin (Sprache)">Jin</a> in China.</figcaption></figure> <p>Der <i>Sprachatlas Chinas</i> gliedert die Mandarin-Großgruppe entsprechend der maßgeblich von dem Linguisten und Dialektforscher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Rong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Rong (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Li Rong</a> (1920–2002) entwickelten Klassifikation in acht untergeordnete Dialektgruppen, die wiederum aus mehreren Untergruppen und Clustern bestehen:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Nordöstlicher Dialekt</b>, auch <i>Dongbei-Dialekt</i> genannt (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">東北方言</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">东北方言</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Dōngběi Fāngyán</span></i>, auch <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">東北話</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">东北话</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Dōngběihuà</span></i>) – gesprochen in der <a href="/wiki/Mandschurei" title="Mandschurei">Mandschurei</a>, in den Provinzen <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>, großen Teilen der Provinz <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>, Osten der <a href="/wiki/Innere_Mongolei" title="Innere Mongolei">Inneren Mongolei</a></li> <li><b>Pekinger Dialekt</b>, auch <i>Beijing-Dialekt</i> genannt (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">北京方言</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">北京方言</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Běijīng Fāngyán</span></i>, auch <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">北京話</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">北京话</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Běijīnghuà</span></i>) – gesprochen in <a href="/wiki/Peking" title="Peking">Peking</a> (Beijing), <a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a> (Chengde), Teile von <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, östlicher Teil der Provinz <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>, der Westen von Liaoning, kleiner Teil im Osten der Inneren Mongolei und der Norden von <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>. Das Moderne Standardchinesisch beruht auf der Aussprache dieses Dialekts, die Grammatik des Dialekts entspricht aber nicht der Hochsprache.</li> <li><b>Ji-Lu-Dialekt</b>, auch Hebei-Shandong-Dialekt (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">冀魯方言</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">冀鲁方言</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Jìlǔ Fāngyán</span></i>, auch <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">冀魯話</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">冀鲁话</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Jìlǔhuà</span></i>) – gesprochen in Hebei („<b>Ji</b>“, 冀) und <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> („<b>Lu</b>“, 鲁) sowie dem größten Teil von Tianjin</li> <li><b>Jiao-Liao-Dialekt</b>, auch Jiaozhou-Liaoning-Dialekt (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">膠遼方言</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">胶辽方言</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Jiāo Liáo Fāngyán</span></i>, auch <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">膠遼話</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">胶辽话</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Jiāoliáohuà</span></i>) – gesprochen auf der Shandong- und <a href="/wiki/Liaodong" title="Liaodong">Liaodong</a>-Halbinsel, abgeleitet von <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_(Qingdao)" title="Jiaozhou (Qingdao)"><b>Jiao</b>zhou</a> und <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning"><b>Liao</b>ning</a></li> <li><b>Dialekt der Zentralchinesischen Ebene</b> oder <i>Zhongyuan-Dialekt</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">中原方言</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">中原方言</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Zhōngyuán Fāngyán</span></i>, auch <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">中原話</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">中原话</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Zhōngyuánhuà</span></i>) – gesprochen in den Provinzen <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> und <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, im Süden der Provinz Shandong, am westlichen Zipfel von <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, im Westen von <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>, Süden von <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>, Süden von <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>, am östlichsten Teil von <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, ein kleines Gebiet im westlichen <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>, im zentralen und südlichen Teilen Xinjiangs, abgeleitet vom geografischen Begriff <a href="/wiki/Zentralchinesische_Ebene" title="Zentralchinesische Ebene">Zhongyuan</a>, eine Region Chinas</li> <li><b>Lan-Yin-Dialekt</b>, auch Lanzhou-Yinchuan-Dialekt (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">蘭銀方言</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">兰银方言</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Lányín Fāngyán</span></i>, auch <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">蘭銀話</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">兰银话</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Lányínhuà</span></i>) – gesprochen rund um <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lan</b>zhou</a> und <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yin</b>chuan</a>, also in großen Teilen der Autonomen Region Ningxia und der Provinz Gansu, zentrale und östliche Teile von Xinjiang</li> <li><b>Südwestlicher Dialekt</b>, auch <i>Xinan-Dialekt</i> genannt (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">西南方言</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">西南方言</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Xīnán Fāngyán</span></i>, auch <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">西南話</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">西南话</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Xīnánhuà</span></i>) – gesprochen in den südwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, also in <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, großen Teilen von <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, im Westen von <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, Nordwesten von <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>, Nordwesten von <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> und in kleinen Teilen im südlichen Shaanxi – mit ca. 260 Millionen Sprechern – die größte Mandarin-Dialektgruppe</li> <li><b>Jiang-Huai-Dialekt</b>, auch Jangtse-Huaihe-Dialekt, Dialekt der Flussregion Jangtse-Huaihe (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">江淮方言</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">江淮方言</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Jiānghuái Fāngyán</span></i>, auch <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">江淮話</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">江淮话</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Jiānghuáihuà</span></i>) – gesprochen speziell am Unterlauf des <a href="/wiki/Jangtsekiang" title="Jangtsekiang">Jangtsekiang</a> („<b>Jiang</b>“, 江) und <a href="/wiki/Huai_He" title="Huai He">Huai He</a> („<b>Huai</b>“, 淮), verbreitet in Teilen der Provinzen Hubei, Anhui und <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></li> <li>Einige kleinere Mandarin-Dialekte können keiner dieser acht Gruppen zugeordnet werden.</li></ul> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable noprint Vorlage_Belege_fehlen hatnote" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="noviewer noresize" style="display: table-cell; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Belege" title="Belege"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Qsicon_Quelle.svg/24px-Qsicon_Quelle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Qsicon_Quelle.svg/36px-Qsicon_Quelle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Qsicon_Quelle.svg/48px-Qsicon_Quelle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Der nachfolgende Abschnitt ist nicht hinreichend mit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Belege" title="Wikipedia:Belege">Belegen</a> (beispielsweise <a href="/wiki/Hilfe:Einzelnachweise" title="Hilfe:Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweisen</a>) ausgestattet. Angaben ohne ausreichenden Beleg könnten demnächst entfernt werden. Bitte hilf Wikipedia, indem du die Angaben recherchierst und <span style="white-space:nowrap">gute Belege einfügst.</span><br /> <span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></div> </div></div> <p>Wenn man das Hochchinesische zu den nördlichen Dialekten hinzuzählt, vergrößert sich das Verbreitungsgebiet noch weiter, da die Standardsprache überall im chinesischen Raum in der Schule gelehrt wird und als Verkehrssprache dient. Alteingesessene <a href="/wiki/Auslandschinesen" title="Auslandschinesen">auslandschinesische</a> Gemeinden sprechen meist südchinesische Dialekte, Auswanderer jüngerer Zeit aus der Volksrepublik benutzen dagegen häufiger die nördlichen Dialekte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_(Sprache)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Literatur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_(Sprache)&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Literatur"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jerry Norman: <i>Chinese.</i> Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1988. Abschnitt 8.6 <i>The Mandarin dialects</i>, S. 190–197.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_(Sprache)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_(Sprache)&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/24px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/32px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mandarin" class="extiw" title="wikt:Mandarin">Wiktionary: Mandarin</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_(Sprache)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_(Sprache)&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size">Summary by language size. Table 3</a> auf ethnologue.com. Abgerufen am 26. Januar 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaofen Sun: <i>Chinese. A Linguistic Introduction.</i> Cambridge University Press, 2006, S. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Susanne Günthner: <i>Diskursstrategien in der interkulturellen Kommunikation. Analysen deutsch-chinesischer Gespräche.</i> Niemeyer, Tübingen 1993, S. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maria Kurpaska: <i>Chinese Language(s). A Look Through the Prism of The Great Dictionary of </i>The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects. 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Sprachen</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Mandarin" title="Bahsa Mandarin – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaryns" title="Mandaryns – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mandaryns" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordchinesische_Dialekte" title="Nordchinesische Dialekte – Schweizerdeutsch" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nordchinesische Dialekte" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Schweizerdeutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin%C3%A9s_mandar%C3%ADn" title="Chinés mandarín – Aragonesisch" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chinés mandarín" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="मंदारिन चीनी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मंदारिन चीनी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ماندراين الصينية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماندراين الصينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%95%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܡܢܕܪܝܢܝܐ – Aramäisch" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܡܢܕܪܝܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramäisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinu_mandar%C3%ADn" title="Chinu mandarín – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chinu mandarín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_%C3%A7inc%C9%99si" title="Mandarin çincəsi – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mandarin çincəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Mandarin" title="Basa Mandarin – Balinesisch" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intsik_na_Mandarin" title="Intsik na Mandarin – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Intsik na Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Паўночнакітайская мова – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўночнакітайская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Мандарин – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мандарин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ম্যান্ডারিন চীনা ভাষা – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যান্ডারিন চীনা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarineg" title="Mandarineg – Bretonisch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mandarineg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandar%C3%AD" title="Mandarí – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mandarí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_Gu%C4%83ng-u%C3%A2" title="Háng-ngṳ̄ Guăng-uâ – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háng-ngṳ̄ Guăng-uâ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minandarin" title="Minandarin – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Minandarin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چینیی ماندارین – Zentralkurdisch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چینیی ماندارین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentralkurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severo%C4%8D%C3%ADnsk%C3%A9_dialekty" title="Severočínské dialekty – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severočínské dialekty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsieineeg_Mandarin" title="Tsieineeg Mandarin – Walisisch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsieineeg Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Walisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(sprog)" title="Mandarin (sprog) – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mandarin (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarinki" title="Mandarinki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mandarinki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Mandarin" title="Boros Mandarin – Zentral-Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Zentral-Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Μανδαρινικά κινέζικα – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μανδαρινικά κινέζικα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9%C5%9B_mandar%C3%A8in" title="Cinéś mandarèin – Emilianisch" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Cinéś mandarèin" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emilianisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mandarin Chinese" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord%C4%89ina_dialektaro" title="Nordĉina dialektaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nordĉina dialektaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino_mandar%C3%ADn" title="Chino mandarín – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chino mandarín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarinera" title="Mandarinera – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mandarinera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چینی ماندارین – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چینی ماندارین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandariinikiina" title="Mandariinikiina – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mandariinikiina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(langue)" title="Mandarin (langue) – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mandarin (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarynsk" title="Mandarynsk – Westfriesisch" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mandarynsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Westfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mhandair%C3%ADnis" title="An Mhandairínis – Irisch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mhandairínis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandar%C3%ADn" title="Mandarín – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mandarín" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA" title="𐌺𐌹𐌸𐌹𐍃𐌺 – Gotisch" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌹𐌸𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin" title="Mandarin – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese – Haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mandarin Chinese" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מנדרינית – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנדרינית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मन्दारिन भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मन्दारिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mandarin Chinese" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarinski_kineski_jezik" title="Mandarinski kineski jezik – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mandarinski kineski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_nyelv" title="Mandarin nyelv – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mandarin nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_chinese_mandarin" title="Lingua chinese mandarin – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua chinese mandarin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin" title="Bahasa Mandarin – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insik_a_Mandarin" title="Insik a Mandarin – Ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Insik a Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandar%C3%ADn" title="Mandarín – Isländisch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mandarín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Isländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinese_mandarino_(variet%C3%A0_linguistica)" title="Cinese mandarino (varietà linguistica) – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cinese mandarino (varietà linguistica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" title="官話 – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="官話" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Mandharin" title="Basa Mandharin – Javanisch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Mandharin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandar%C9%9B%C9%9B_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mandarɛɛ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಮ್ಯಾಂಡರಿನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮ್ಯಾಂಡರಿನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%ED%99%94" title="관화 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandar%C3%AEn" title="Mandarîn – Kurdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mandarîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Mandarina" title="Lingua Mandarina – Latein" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Mandarina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_shino_mandarin" title="Idioma shino mandarin – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Idioma shino mandarin" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_mandarinn-a" title="Lengua mandarinn-a – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua mandarinn-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%B3_mandarin%C5%B3_kalba" title="Kinų mandarinų kalba – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinų mandarinų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandar%C4%ABnu_valoda" title="Mandarīnu valoda – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mandarīnu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_mandarina" title="Fiteny mandarina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny mandarina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Mandarin" title="Bahaso Mandarin – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мандарински јазик – Mazedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мандарински јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="മാൻഡറിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാൻഡറിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मँडरिन भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मँडरिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin" title="Bahasa Mandarin – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_mandarin" title="Lhéngua mandarin – Mirandesisch" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhéngua mandarin" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8(%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8)" title="မန်ဒရင်း(ဘာသာစကား) – Birmanisch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မန်ဒရင်း(ဘာသာစကား)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ماندارین – Masanderanisch" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماندارین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin" title="Mandarin – Niederdeutsch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Niederdeutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="मन्डारिन चिनियाँ – Nepalesisch" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मन्डारिन चिनियाँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मन्दारिन भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मन्दारिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarijn_(taal)" title="Mandarijn (taal) – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mandarijn (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarinspr%C3%A5k" title="Mandarinspråk – Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mandarinspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Mandarin (språk) – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mandarin (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin" title="Mandarin – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੈਂਡਰਿਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਂਡਰਿਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chines_mandarin" title="Chines mandarin – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Chines mandarin" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_mandary%C5%84skie" title="Języki mandaryńskie – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki mandaryńskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_cin%C3%A8isa_mandarin-a" title="Lenga cinèisa mandarin-a – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga cinèisa mandarin-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مینڈارن چینی – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مینڈارن چینی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_mandarim" title="Língua mandarim – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua mandarim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinchay_Han_simi" title="Chinchay Han simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chinchay Han simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_mandarin%C4%83" title="Limba mandarină – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba mandarină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Севернокитайский язык – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Севернокитайский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मन्दारिनभाषा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मन्दारिनभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarinu" title="Mandarinu – Sizilianisch" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mandarinu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sizilianisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Cheenese" title="Mandarin Cheenese – Schottisch" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mandarin Cheenese" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schottisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarinski_jezik" title="Mandarinski jezik – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mandarinski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mandarin Chinese" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_Mandarin" title="Gjuha Mandarin – Albanisch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мандарински језик – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мандарински језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Mandarin (språk) – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mandarin (språk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimandarini" title="Kimandarini – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kimandarini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="மாண்டரின் மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாண்டரின் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ภาษาจีนกลาง – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาจีนกลาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Mandarin" title="Wikang Mandarin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin" title="Mandarin – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Мандарин кытай теле – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мандарин кытай теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мандаринська мова – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мандаринська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مینڈارن چینی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مینڈارن چینی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quan_tho%E1%BA%A1i" title="Quan thoại – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quan thoại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin" title="Mandarin – Wallonisch" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Wallonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yinaknan_Mandarin" title="Yinaknan Mandarin – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yinaknan Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%AF%AD" title="北语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bujdunghva" title="Bujdunghva – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bujdunghva" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="官话" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" title="官話 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="官話" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n-g%C3%AD_Koa%E2%81%BF-%C5%8De" title="Hàn-gí Koaⁿ-ōe – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hàn-gí Koaⁿ-ōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" title="官話 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="官話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" 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