CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Li Maozhen - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5b6e571a-50f6-4442-8f50-774ff4f69a9d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Li_Maozhen","wgTitle":"Li Maozhen","wgCurRevisionId":1168672594,"wgRevisionId":1168672594,"wgArticleId":3897697,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template archiveis links","Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text","Articles containing Chinese-language text","856 births","924 deaths","Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers","Tang dynasty jiedushi of Wuding Circuit","Tang dynasty jiedushi of Fengxiang Circuit","Tang dynasty jiedushi of Shannan West Circuit","Fengxiang jiedushi","Later Tang jiedushi","Tang dynasty nonimperial princes","Tang dynasty jiedushi of Xichuan Circuit","Tang dynasty generals from Shaanxi","Qi (Li Maozhen's state) people","Founding monarchs","People from Hebei","Tang dynasty generals from Hebei","People from Baoding","Politicians from Baoding"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Li_Maozhen","wgRelevantArticleId":3897697,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q699647","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Li Maozhen - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Maozhen"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Maozhen"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Li_Maozhen rootpage-Li_Maozhen skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Li+Maozhen" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Li+Maozhen" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Li+Maozhen" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Li+Maozhen" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_reign_of_Emperor_Xizong_of_Tang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_reign_of_Emperor_Xizong_of_Tang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>During reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_reign_of_Emperor_Xizong_of_Tang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_reign_of_Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_reign_of_Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>During reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-During_reign_of_Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle During reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-During_reign_of_Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_expansion_of_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_expansion_of_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Initial expansion of power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_expansion_of_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confrontations_with_the_imperial_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confrontations_with_the_imperial_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Confrontations with the imperial government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confrontations_with_the_imperial_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confrontation_with_Li_Keyong_and_recovery_therefrom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confrontation_with_Li_Keyong_and_recovery_therefrom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Confrontation with Li Keyong and recovery therefrom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confrontation_with_Li_Keyong_and_recovery_therefrom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temporary_rapprochement_with_the_imperial_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temporary_rapprochement_with_the_imperial_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Temporary rapprochement with the imperial government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temporary_rapprochement_with_the_imperial_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confrontation_with_Zhu_Quanzhong_and_recovery_therefrom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confrontation_with_Zhu_Quanzhong_and_recovery_therefrom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Confrontation with Zhu Quanzhong and recovery therefrom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confrontation_with_Zhu_Quanzhong_and_recovery_therefrom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_reign_of_Emperor_Ai_of_Tang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_reign_of_Emperor_Ai_of_Tang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>During reign of Emperor Ai of Tang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_reign_of_Emperor_Ai_of_Tang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_independent_Prince_of_Qi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_independent_Prince_of_Qi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>As independent Prince of Qi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-As_independent_Prince_of_Qi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle As independent Prince of Qi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-As_independent_Prince_of_Qi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_confrontations_with_Later_Liang_and_subsequent_loss_of_northern_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_confrontations_with_Later_Liang_and_subsequent_loss_of_northern_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Initial confrontations with Later Liang and subsequent loss of northern territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_confrontations_with_Later_Liang_and_subsequent_loss_of_northern_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confrontation_with_Former_Shu_and_loss_of_Jingnan_and_Tianxiong_Circuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confrontation_with_Former_Shu_and_loss_of_Jingnan_and_Tianxiong_Circuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Confrontation with Former Shu and loss of Jingnan and Tianxiong Circuits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confrontation_with_Former_Shu_and_loss_of_Jingnan_and_Tianxiong_Circuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submission_to_Later_Tang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submission_to_Later_Tang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Submission to Later Tang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submission_to_Later_Tang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Li Maozhen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%8C%82%E8%B2%9E" title="李茂貞 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="李茂貞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Maozhen" title="Li Maozhen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Li Maozhen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_M%E1%BA%ADu_Trinh" title="Lý Mậu Trinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lý Mậu Trinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%8C%82%E8%B4%9E" title="李茂贞 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="李茂贞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%8C%82%E8%B2%9E" title="李茂貞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="李茂貞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q699647#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Li_Maozhen" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Li_Maozhen" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Li_Maozhen"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Li_Maozhen"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Li_Maozhen" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Li_Maozhen" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&oldid=1168672594" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Li_Maozhen&id=1168672594&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLi_Maozhen"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLi_Maozhen"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Li_Maozhen&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q699647" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Li_(surname_%E6%9D%8E)" title="Li (surname 李)">Li</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Li Maozhen<br />李茂貞</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">901<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ262-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or May 12, 907<sup id="cite_ref-AS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ266_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ266-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 924</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">856<sup id="cite_ref-HFD132_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD132-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 17, 924<sup id="cite_ref-AS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LMZTombstone_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMZTombstone-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Aged 67-68)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Full name</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">Family name</a>: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Originally <a href="/wiki/Song_(Chinese_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Song (Chinese name)">Sòng</a> (宋),<br />later Tian (田), then <a href="/wiki/Li_(%E6%9D%8E)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li (李)">Lǐ</a> (李) (changed ~886)</div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_given_name" title="Chinese given name">Given name</a>: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Originally Wéntōng (文通),<br />later Yànbīn (彥賓), then Màozhēn (茂貞) (changed ~886)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Zhōngjìng (忠敬) ("faithful and alert") (full)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Qi_(Five_Dynasties)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qi (Five Dynasties)">Qi</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Li Maozhen</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">李茂貞</span>; 856 – May 17, 924), born <b>Song Wentong</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宋文通</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> <b>Zhengchen</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">正臣</span></span>), formally <b>Prince Zhongjing of Qin</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">秦忠敬王</span></span>), was the only ruler of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a> state <a href="/wiki/Qi_(Five_Dynasties)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qi (Five Dynasties)">Qi</a> (901–924). He had become a powerful warlord during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhaozong of Tang">Emperor Zhaozong of Tang</a>, the penultimate emperor of the preceding <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, with his power centered on his capital Fengxiang (鳳翔, in modern <a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>), and at times had effective control of Emperor Zhaozong. However, his power gradually waned due to defeats at the hands of fellow warlords <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jian_(Former_Shu)" title="Wang Jian (Former Shu)">Wang Jian</a> (who would later found <a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Quanzhong</a> (who would later found <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a>). After Zhu usurped the Tang throne and established Later Liang, Li Maozhen refused to submit and continued to use the Tang-bestowed title of Prince of Qi as well as maintain the Tang <a href="/wiki/Era_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Era name">era name</a>, but his territory became even more reduced due to wars with Former Shu and Later Liang. After Later Liang was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhuangzong_of_Later_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang">Emperor Zhuangzong</a> claimed to be a legitimate successor of Tang, Li Maozhen submitted as a subject and was created the Prince of Qin in 924. He died soon thereafter, and was succeeded as by his son <a href="/wiki/Li_Congyan" title="Li Congyan">Li Jiyan</a> as the military governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">Jiedushi</a></i>) of Fengxiang, but as Li Jiyan was not made the Prince of Qi or Qin at that point (although he would receive both of those titles later in his life), this was typically viewed as the end of Qi as an independent state. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Song Wentong was born in 856, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xu%C4%81nzong_of_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Xuānzong of Tang">Emperor Xuānzong of Tang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HFD132_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD132-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was described as "from Boye" (博野, in modern <a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>) — but was clearly not born there, as his family had, for generations, belonged to the Boye Army, which originally belonged to Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>) that had its origins from Boye, but which had been stationed near the Tang imperial capital <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> ever since its commander Li Huan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李寰</span></span>) refused to submit to <a href="/wiki/Wang_Tingcou" title="Wang Tingcou">Wang Tingcou</a>, who had seized Chengde Circuit and rebelled against the imperial government, as Li Huan eventually fought his way out of attacks by Wang and took his army to the Chang'an region.<sup id="cite_ref-LMZTombstone_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMZTombstone-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Song Wentong's grandfather was named Song Duo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宋鐸</span></span>); his grandmother was a Lady Zhang; his father was named Song Duan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宋端</span></span>); his mother was a Lady Lu, who later received the title of Lady Dowager of Yan.<sup id="cite_ref-HFD132_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD132-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LMZTombstone_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMZTombstone-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_reign_of_Emperor_Xizong_of_Tang">During reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: During reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Song Wentong apparently became an officer in the Boye Army, which was then stationed at Fengtian (奉天, in modern <a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>), in his youth. When the major agrarian rebel <a href="/wiki/Huang_Chao" title="Huang Chao">Huang Chao</a> captured Chang'an around the new year 881 and forced then-reigning <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xizong of Tang">Emperor Xizong</a> (Emperor Xuānzong's grandson) to flee to <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, the Boye Army moved to Fengxiang Circuit and followed the orders of Fengxiang's military governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">Jiedushi</a></i>), the former <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Tang_dynasty" title="Chancellor of the Tang dynasty">chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Tian" title="Zheng Tian">Zheng Tian</a>. When Huang sent his major general <a href="/wiki/Shang_Rang" title="Shang Rang">Shang Rang</a> to attack Zheng, Zheng repelled Shang; in that battle, Song distinguished himself, and thereafter was made a commander in the imperial <a href="/wiki/Shence_Army" title="Shence Army">Shence Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HFD132_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD132-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his service there, he was once favored by the powerful eunuch <a href="/wiki/Tian_Lingzi" title="Tian Lingzi">Tian Lingzi</a> who adopted him as his son with the name <b>Tian Yanbin</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">田彥賓</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 886, Emperor Xizong, who had returned to Chang'an after Huang's defeat, was again forced to flee Chang'an, to Xingyuan (興元, in modern <a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>) after his trusted <a href="/wiki/Eunuch_(court_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunuch (court official)">eunuch</a> advisor <a href="/wiki/Tian_Lingzi" title="Tian Lingzi">Tian Lingzi</a> got into a confrontation with the warlords <a href="/wiki/Wang_Chongrong" title="Wang Chongrong">Wang Chongrong</a> the military governor of Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a> the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>) and was subsequently defeated by Wang Chongrong and Li Keyong. Two other warlords, <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Mei" title="Zhu Mei">Zhu Mei</a> the military governor of Jingnan Circuit (靜難, headquartered in modern Xianyang) and <a href="/wiki/Li_Changfu" title="Li Changfu">Li Changfu</a> the military governor of Fengxiang, who had previously been allied with Tian, turned against Emperor Xizong as well and supported his distant relative <a href="/wiki/Li_Yun_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Li Yun (Tang dynasty)">Li Yun</a> the Prince of Xiang as a rival emperor at Chang'an. Zhu subsequently sent his general <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xingyu" title="Wang Xingyu">Wang Xingyu</a> to advance on Xingyuan to try to capture Emperor Xizong, and Wang Xingyu initially defeated the imperial guard general Yang Sheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">楊晟</span></span>). In response, Emperor Xizong sent Song, Li Chan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李鋋</span></span>), and Chen Pei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">陳佩</span></span>) to station themselves at Mount Datang (大唐峰, in modern Hanzhong) to defend against Wang Xingyu. Wang Xingyu was unable to advance and later, after enticement by Tian's successor and the leading eunuch <a href="/wiki/Yang_Fugong" title="Yang Fugong">Yang Fugong</a>, turned against Zhu and killed him. Li Yun fled to Wang Chongrong's territory but was killed by Wang Chongrong.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ256_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ256-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Song's accomplishments, Emperor Xizong bestowed the imperial surname of <a href="/wiki/Li_(%E6%9D%8E)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li (李)">Li</a> on him and gave him a new personal name of Maozhen ("prosperous and faithful") as well as a <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> of Zhengchen ("rightful subject").<sup id="cite_ref-HFD132_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFD132-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spring 887, Emperor Xizong made him the military governor of Wuding Circuit (武定, headquartered in modern Hanzhong).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ256_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ256-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 887, when Emperor Xizong stopped at Fengxiang on his way back to Chang'an at the request of Li Changfu (who had also turned against Zhu), the imperial guards got into a confrontation with Li Changfu's troops, which turned into a full battle at Fengxiang. The imperial guards defeated Li Changfu's troops, and Li Changfu fled to Long Prefecture (隴州, in modern Baoji), which was part of Fengxiang Circuit. Emperor Xizong put Li Maozhen in command of an army attacking Long. Later in the year, under Li Maozhen's attack, Li Maozhen's subordinate Xue Zhichou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">薛知籌</span></span>) the prefect of Long slaughtered Li Changfu and his family and then surrendered. Subsequently, Emperor Xizong made Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang and gave him the honorary chancellor title of <i>Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">同中書門下平章事</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ257_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ257-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_reign_of_Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang">During reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: During reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_expansion_of_power">Initial expansion of power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Initial expansion of power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 888, Emperor Xizong died. His younger brother <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhaozong of Tang">Li Jie</a> the Prince of Shou, supported by Yang Fugong, became emperor (as Emperor Zhaozong). Emperor Zhaozong bestowed a number of honors on military governors, including the greater honorary chancellor title of <i>Shizhong</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">侍中</span></span>) on Li Maozhen.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ257_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ257-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Yang's having supported him to be emperor, Emperor Zhaozong eventually had a fallout with him. In 891, after Emperor Zhaozong suspected Yang of plotting a coup with his adoptive nephew Yang Shouxin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">楊守信</span></span>) and attacked his mansion, Yang fled to Shannan West Circuit (山南西道, headquartered at Xingyuan), which was then governed by his adoptive nephew <a href="/wiki/Yang_Shouliang" title="Yang Shouliang">Yang Shouliang</a>. There he declared a rebellion against Emperor Zhaozong with Yang Shouliang, Yang Shouxin, and other adoptive sons and adoptive nephews including Yang Shouzhong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">楊守忠</span></span>) the military governor of Jinshang Circuit (金商, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>), Yang Shouzhen the military governor of Longjian Circuit (龍劍, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>), and Yang Shouhou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">楊守厚</span></span>) the prefect of Mian Prefecture (綿州, in modern Mianyang).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ258_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ258-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spring 892, Li Maozhen reacted by submitting a joint petition with his older brother Li Maozhuang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李茂莊</span></span>) the military governor of Tianxiong Circuit (天雄, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>) and allies <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xingyu" title="Wang Xingyu">Wang Xingyu</a> (who had been made the military governor of Jingnan), <a href="/wiki/Han_Jian_(Zhenguo_warlord)" title="Han Jian (Zhenguo warlord)">Han Jian</a> the military governor of Zhenguo Circuit (鎮國, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>), and Wang Xingyu's brother Wang Xingyue (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王行約</span></span>) the military governor of Kuangguo Circuit (匡國, headquartered in modern Weinan as well), requesting that a campaign be launched against the Yangs and that Li Maozhen be made the commander of the operations. Emperor Zhaozong, concerned that if Li Maozhen defeated the Yangs, he would be even more difficult to control, initially ordered that the sides negotiate. However, Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu, ignoring the edict, launched the campaign, and Li Maozhen wrote disrespectful letters to the chancellor <a href="/wiki/Du_Rangneng" title="Du Rangneng">Du Rangneng</a> and the leading eunuch Ximen Junsui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">西門君遂</span></span>). Emperor Zhaozong, concerned that Li Maozhen may slaughter the people of Shannan West without imperial sanction, made Li Maozhen the commander of the operations against the Yangs. Subsequently, when Emperor Zhaozong killed the imperial guard officer Li Shunjie (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李順節</span></span>) — who had previously been an adoptive son of Yang Fugong's but who had revealed much of Yang Fugong's secrets to Emperor Zhaozong — and Li Shunjie's ally Jia Desheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">賈德晟</span></span>), Jia's troops fled to Fengxiang and joined Li Maozhen, greatly strengthening Li Maozhen's army.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ259_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ259-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fall 892, Li Maozhen captured Feng Prefecture (鳳州, in modern Baoji), forcing Yang Fugong's follower Man Cun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">滿存</span></span>) the military governor of Ganyi Circuit (感義, headquartered at Feng Prefecture) to flee to Xingyuan. Li Maozhen then also captured Xing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">興州</span></span>) and Yang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洋州</span></span>) Prefectures (both in modern Hanzhong), and had his relatives take over as prefects of those prefectures. Soon thereafter, he captured Xingyuan, forcing Yang Fugong, Yang Shouliang, Yang Shouxin, Yang Shouzhen, Yang Shouzhong, and Man to flee to Lang Prefecture (閬州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>). He had his adoptive son Li Jimi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼密</span></span>) take over as the acting mayor of Xingyuan. Meanwhile, seeing an opening to further expand his influence when <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jian_(Former_Shu)" title="Wang Jian (Former Shu)">Wang Jian</a> the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Gu_Yanhui" title="Gu Yanhui">Gu Yanhui</a> the acting military governor of Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang), who were previously allies, had a break (over Wang's apparent attempt to take over Dongchuan), Li Maozhen also recommended to Emperor Zhaozong that Gu be made full military governor; Emperor Zhaozong followed that recommendation. Thereafter, he sent Li Jimi to try to aid Gu, but after Xichuan troops defeated the joint Dongchuan/Fengxiang troops at Li Prefecture (利州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>), Gu sought peace with Wang under the term that he agreed to cut off relations with Li Maozhen; Wang agreed.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ259_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ259-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confrontations_with_the_imperial_government">Confrontations with the imperial government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Confrontations with the imperial government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spring 893, Li Maozhen submitted a petition to Emperor Zhaozong stating that he was willing to be the military governor of Shannan West — apparently believing that Emperor Zhaozong would allow him to govern both Fengxiang and Shannan West. Instead, Emperor Zhaozong, who wanted to take Fengxiang back under imperial control, issued an edict making Li Maozhen the military governor of Shannan West and Wuding Circuits while making the chancellor <a href="/wiki/Xu_Yanruo" title="Xu Yanruo">Xu Yanruo</a> the military governor of Fengxiang. Apparently to placate Li Maozhen, as part of the edict, two prefectures (Lang and Guo (果州, in modern Nanchong)) were made part of Wuding. Still, Li Maozhen, disappointed at being stripped of Fengxiang, refused to comply. He further sent arrogant petitions to Emperor Zhaozong deriding him for being unable to defeat the Yangs and unable to control the warlords, and harshly-worded letters to Du Rangneng. Emperor Zhaozong, in anger, decided to prepare a campaign against Li Maozhen, disregarding Du's analysis that the imperial government had insufficient strength to defeat Li Maozhen at that time and further putting Du in charge of planning the operations. Li Maozhen, however, found out what Emperor Zhaozong was planning, as Du's fellow chancellor, <a href="/wiki/Cui_Zhaowei" title="Cui Zhaowei">Cui Zhaowei</a>, was an ally of both Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu and was secretly revealing the events at court to them. Li Maozhen tried to ward of Emperor Zhaozong's plans by mobilizing supporters at Chang'an to protest the campaign, but Emperor Zhaozong was not swayed.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ259_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ259-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fall 893, Emperor Zhaozong launched his campaign, putting Li Sizhou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李嗣周</span></span>) the Prince of Qin in command of a 30,000-men army to escort Xu to Fengxiang. Li Maozhen and Wang, however, gathered 60,000 well-seasoned veterans of their own to defend against the attack. Before the armies could engage each other, Li Sizhou's army, made of new soldiers with no combat experience, collapsed. Li Maozhen approached Chang'an to threaten Emperor Zhaozong, who claimed that the campaign was Ximen Junsui's idea and executed him and fellow eunuchs Li Zhoutong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李周潼</span></span>) and Duan Xu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">段詡</span></span>). As Cui had falsely informed Li Maozhen that Du was a <i>proponent</i> of the campaign, Li Maozhen insisted that Du must be executed as well before he would withdraw. Emperor Zhaozong was forced to order Du to commit suicide. It was said that from this point on, Emperor Zhaozong could no longer independently govern — that both imperial officials and eunuchs were ingratiating themselves with Li Maozhen and Wang, such that they were able to force Emperor Zhaozong's actions by requesting Li Maozhen and Wang to demand Emperor Zhaozong to carry them out. Emperor Zhaozong also formally made Li Maozhen the military governor of both Fengxiang and Shannan West, as well as acting <i>Zhongshu Ling</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">中書令</span></span>). Li Maozhen thus controlled four circuits (Fengxiang, Shannan West, Wuding, and Tianxiong (through Li Maozhuang)), containing 15 prefectures. In spring 894, he went to Chang'an, ostensibly to pay tribute to Emperor Zhaozong, but used the chance to put on a demonstration of the grandeur of his guard troops. He stayed at Chang'an for a few days before returning to Fengxiang.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ259_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ259-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fall 894, Li Maozhen attacked Lang Prefecture and captured it. Yang Fugong, Yang Shouliang, and Yang Shouxin were forced to flee. Eventually, in their attempt to flee to Li Keyong's Hedong Circuit, they were intercepted by Han Jian's troops and delivered to Chang'an to be executed.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ259_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ259-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 895, Cui informed Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu that newly commissioned chancellor <a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Li Xi (Tang dynasty)">Li Xi</a> and another chancellor, <a href="/wiki/Wei_Zhaodu" title="Wei Zhaodu">Wei Zhaodu</a> (who had earlier persuaded Emperor Zhaozong not to bestow the honorary title of <i>Shangshu Ling</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">尚書令</span></span>) on Wang), were planning a campaign against them. Wang and Li Maozhen thus submitted repeated petitions insisting on Li Xi's removal, and Emperor Zhaozong was forced to agree.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ260-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in the year, however, another flareup would occur in the relationship between the imperial government and the Li Maozhen/Wang Xingyu/Han alliance. After the recent death of <a href="/wiki/Wang_Chongying" title="Wang Chongying">Wang Chongying</a> (Wang Chongrong's brother and successor) the military governor of Huguo Circuit, the Huguo soldiers had supported Wang Chongying's nephew <a href="/wiki/Wang_Ke_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Wang Ke (Tang dynasty)">Wang Ke</a> (the son of his brother Wang Chongjian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王重簡</span></span>), but who had been adopted by Wang Chongrong) as Wang Chongying's successor, but Wang Chongying's son <a href="/wiki/Wang_Gong" title="Wang Gong">Wang Gong</a> the military governor of Baoyi Circuit (保義, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>), who had coveted Huguo, persuaded Wang Xingyu, Li Maozhen, and Han to submit a petition recommending that Wang Gong be given Huguo and Wang Ke be given Baoyi. Emperor Zhaozong, citing Li Keyong's support for Wang Ke's succession (as Wang Ke was his son-in-law), refused. Thereafter, Li Maozhen, Wang Xingyu, and Han marched on the capital and put, against Emperor Zhaozong's orders, Li Xi and Wei to death. They then considered deposing Emperor Zhaozong and replacing him with his brother Li Bao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李保</span></span>) the Prince of Ji. However, at this point, they heard that Li Keyong had mobilized his army and was preparing to march against them, so they, after leaving 2,000 soldiers each at Chang'an to watch over the emperor, returned to their circuits to prepare to defend against Li Keyong.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ260-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confrontation_with_Li_Keyong_and_recovery_therefrom">Confrontation with Li Keyong and recovery therefrom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Confrontation with Li Keyong and recovery therefrom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meanwhile, Li Keyong launched his army and issued a harshly-worded declaration against Li Maozhen, Wang Xingyu, and Han Jian, accusing them of wrongly killing Wei Zhaodu and Li Xi. He quickly defeated and killed Wang Gong's brother Wang Yao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王瑤</span></span>) the prefect of Jiang Prefecture (絳州, in modern Yuncheng), who was allied with Wang Gong in the Wang Gong/Wang Ke dispute. He then crossed the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> and attacked Kuangguo; Wang Xingyue abandoned the circuit and fled to Chang'an. He then put Han's capital Hua Prefecture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">華州</span></span>) under siege.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ260-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the armies that Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu left at Chang'an got into a fight between themselves, as both Li Maozhen's adoptive son Li Jipeng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼鵬</span></span>), who commanded the Fengxiang soldiers, and Wang Xingyue and another brother, Wang Xingshi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王行實</span></span>), who commanded the Jingnan soldiers, wanted to seize the emperor and take him to their circuit. Emperor Zhaozong, as the two armies were engaging themselves, fled into the <a href="/wiki/Qin_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin Mountains">Qin Mountains</a> to avoid being captured. Meanwhile, Li Keyong, hearing that the two circuits were fighting to control the emperor, quickly advanced on Chang'an and forced the two circuits' soldiers to flee back to their own circuits.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ260-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Keyong then advanced to Jingnan's Liyuan Camp (黎園寨, in modern Xianyang). Hearing of Li Keyong's victory there, Li Maozhen, fearful, executed Li Jipeng and presented his head to Emperor Zhaozong to beg for forgiveness, and also wrote Li Keyong to seek peace. Emperor Zhaozong thus ordered Li Keyong to concentrate on attacking Wang Xingyu. Emperor Zhaozong then declared a general campaign against Wang Xingyu and stripped him of all of his titles. Li Maozhen, despite sending the emissaries to the emperor and Li Keyong, sent troops to aid Wang. Li Keyong thus asked Emperor Zhaozong to extend the campaign to Li Maozhen as well. Emperor Zhaozong disagreed, but issued an edict ordering Li Maozhen to withdraw. By winter 895, Wang Xingyu abandoned his capital Bin Prefecture and fled; he was killed in flight by his own officers; his head was delivered to Chang'an and presented to Emperor Zhaozong. At Li Keyong's recommendations, Emperor Zhaozong commissioned the imperial guard general Su Wenjian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蘇文建</span></span>) to be the new military governor of Jingnan.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ260-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Keyong then secretly suggested to Emperor Zhaozong that a campaign be launched against Li Maozhen, warning the emperor that without Li Maozhen's destruction, the imperial government would not be safe. However, Emperor Zhaozong and the imperial officials were concerned that Li Maozhen's destruction would destroy a power balance and made it impossible to control Li Keyong. Therefore, while Emperor Zhaozong bestowed a number of honors on Li Keyong and his subordinates, including the title of Prince of Jin on Li Keyong, he denied Li Keyong permission to attack Li Maozhen. Li Keyong subsequently withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/Guanzhong" title="Guanzhong">Guanzhong</a> region (i.e., Chang'an's environs) and returned to Hedong. It was said that while Li Keyong was in the region, Li Maozhen and Han were respectful to the emperor in their words, but that as soon as Li Keyong withdrew, they returned to arrogance. Li Maozhen also captured some territory in the <a href="/wiki/Hexi_Corridor" title="Hexi Corridor">Hexi Corridor</a> region and made his subordinate Hu Jingzhang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">胡敬璋</span></span>) the military governor of Hexi Circuit.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ260-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 896, Li Maozhen, apprehensive that Emperor Zhaozong was rebuilding the imperial guards and putting the imperial princes in command of them, submitted a number of petitions against doing so, to no avail. Li Maozhen thus launched his army and approached the capital, defeating the army that Emperor Zhaozong sent under Li Sizhou's command to defend against the attack. Emperor Zhaozong thus fled the capital with the imperial princes and officials, initially planning to flee to Hedong, and he sent Li Jiepi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李戒丕</span></span>) the Prince of Yan to arrange the affairs with Li Keyong. However, as Hedong was far from Chang'an, and Han was then inviting Emperor Zhaozong to head to Hua Prefecture, Emperor Zhaozong decided to accept the invitation and head for Hua Prefecture instead, making it the location of his temporary palace. Li Maozhen entered Chang'an and burned the palace and other office buildings, although he subsequently submitted an apologetic petition and offered to repair the palaces and the offices.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ260-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While at Hua Prefecture, Emperor Zhaozong considered a counterattack against Li Maozhen. However, as Han gained great influence over the affairs of the court by virtue of his own army's presence at Hua and had long been an ally of Li Maozhen's, he dissuaded Emperor Zhaozong from launching such a campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ260-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Wang Jian resumed his attacks on Dongchuan, and when Li Maozhen sent his adoptive son <a href="/wiki/Li_Jihui" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Jihui">Li Jihui</a> to assist Gu Yanhui, Li Jihui was repelled by Wang Jian's adoptive son Wang Zongjin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王宗謹</span></span>). In 897, Li Maozhen's adoptive son Li Jitang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼瑭</span></span>) was made the military governor of Kuangguo, allowing Li Maozhen's further expansion toward the east.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ261_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ261-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in the year, Emperor Zhaozong made another attempt to take back Fengxiang. Li Maozhen had submitted a petition accusing Wang Jian of attacking Dongchuan against imperial orders. Emperor Zhaozong reacted by issuing an edict demoting Wang to be the prefect of Nan Prefecture (南州, in modern <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>), making Li Maozhen the military governor of Xichuan to replace Wang, and making Li Sizhou the military governor of Fengxiang to replace Li Maozhen. Both Wang and Li Maozhen refused to follow the edict, and Li Maozhen further refused to let Li Sizhou to reach Fengxiang by putting Li Sizhou under siege at Fengtian. Only after Han wrote Li Maozhen did Li Maozhen lift the siege on Fengtian to allow Li Sizhou to return to Hua. (Li Sizhou — and 10 other princes — however, did not escape death. Soon after Li Sizhou's return to Hua, Li Jiepi returned from Hedong, thus exposing the fact that Li Keyong was in no shape to aid the emperor. With that possibility gone, Han slaughtered the imperial princes, including Li Sizhou, Li Jiepi, and Emperor Zhaozong's uncle <a href="/wiki/Li_Zi" title="Li Zi">Li Zi</a> the Prince of Tong, and then claimed to Emperor Zhaozong that they were plotting treason.) Emperor Zhaozong did make Zhang Lian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張璉</span></span>) the military governor of Zhangyi Circuit (彰義, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>) the commander of the operations against Li Maozhen, but it appeared that Zhang was either unable or unwilling to attack Li Maozhen, for there was no further record of what Zhang did in the campaign. Emperor Zhaozong also stripped Li Maozhen of his titles and his imperially-bestowed name of Li Maozhen, referring to him as Song Wentong again. (After Emperor Zhaozong's declaration of the campaign against Li Maozhen, Li Jitang abandoned Kuangguo and fled back to Fengxiang; Han thereafter took over Kuangguo as well.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ261_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ261-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temporary_rapprochement_with_the_imperial_government">Temporary rapprochement with the imperial government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Temporary rapprochement with the imperial government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meanwhile, though, at this point, with Wang Jian continuing to pressure Gu Yanhui and Li Maozhen's being unable to face Wang on one side and the imperial government on the other, and with <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Quanzhong</a> the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>) repairing the palace at <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> and repeatedly requesting Emperor Zhaozong to move the capital there, he and Han Jian decided to have their soldiers jointly repair the palace and the imperial offices at Chang'an to beg Emperor Zhaozong for forgiveness. Emperor Zhaozong, in response, issued an edict ending the campaign against Li Maozhen in spring 898 and restoring his imperially-bestowed name of Li Maozhen and his title as military governor of Fengxiang, and later in the year making him additionally the military governor of Zhangyi. Emperor Zhaozong subsequently returned to Chang'an.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ261_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ261-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 900, there was an incident where Emperor Zhaozong, after becoming drunk, personally killed a few eunuchs and <a href="/wiki/Ladies_in_waiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladies in waiting">ladies in waiting</a>. The eunuch commanders of the imperial <a href="/wiki/Shence_Army" title="Shence Army">Shence Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Jishu" title="Liu Jishu">Liu Jishu</a> and Wang Zhongxian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王仲先</span></span>), as well as the eunuch directors of palace communications Wang Yanfan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王彥範</span></span>) and Xue Qiwo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">薛齊偓</span></span>), jointly deposed him and declared his son <a href="/wiki/Li_Yu,_Prince_of_De" title="Li Yu, Prince of De">Li Yu, Prince of De</a> the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince">Crown Prince</a> the new emperor. However, in 901, the Shence Army officers Sun Dezhao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">孫德昭</span></span>), Zhou Chenghui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周承誨</span></span>), and Dong Yanbi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">董彥弼</span></span>) carried out a countercoup, killing the four top eunuchs and restoring Emperor Zhaozong to the throne. After this incident, Li Maozhen went to Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Zhaozong. Emperor Zhaozong thereafter bestowed the titles of acting <i>Shangshu Ling</i> and <i>Shizhong</i> on him, and also created him the Prince of Qi. At the request of the chancellor <a href="/wiki/Cui_Yin" title="Cui Yin">Cui Yin</a>, who was fearful that surviving eunuchs would make a comeback, Li Maozhen left 3,000 Fengxiang soldiers at Chang'an to counteract the Shence Army, which remained under the command of eunuchs <a href="/wiki/Han_Quanhui" title="Han Quanhui">Han Quanhui</a> and Zhang Yanhong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">張彥弘</span></span>) (who was formerly the eunuch monitor of the Fengxiang army). Meanwhile, when Zhu attacked Huguo Circuit around the same time, and Wang Ke sought aid from both Li Keyong and Li Maozhen, Li Keyong was unable to save him because his path was cut off by another army of Zhu's, and Li Maozhen did not act at all. Zhu was able to force Wang Ke to surrender, adding Huguo to the territory he controlled.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ262-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, to reduce the financial independence of the Shence Army, Cui issued an order that the Shence Army, along with the nearby circuits, no longer be given monopolies on the sale of yeast. Li Maozhen, however, was unwilling to give up the yeast monopoly, and requested to go to Chang'an to explain his reasons to Emperor Zhaozong. At Han Quanhui's request, Emperor Zhaozong permitted him to do so. When Li Maozhen got to Chang'an, Han entered into an alliance with him. Cui, realizing this, began to see Li Maozhen as an enemy and began to ally with Zhu, particularly since Li Maozhen was also displeased at Cui's attempt to have the chancellors take over the Shence Army under the argument that doing so would curb the warlords' power.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ262-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By fall 901, the situation had become tense at Chang'an, as Cui and Emperor Zhaozong had been planning a general slaughter of the eunuchs, but Han and Zhang had become aware of the plan, and thereafter had the soldiers surround the palace and claim that Cui was unduly reducing the clothing stipends of the Shence Army. Emperor Zhaozong, while not removing Cui from his chancellor position, removed him from his secondary post as the director of the salt and iron monopolies. This incident, however, made Cui aware that the eunuchs knew what it was up to, and he thus sent a secret letter to Zhu requesting him to come with an army to Chang'an to slaughter the eunuchs. When Han and Zhang became aware that Zhu was coming to Chang'an, they forcibly seized Emperor Zhaozong and took him to Fengxiang.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ262-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confrontation_with_Zhu_Quanzhong_and_recovery_therefrom">Confrontation with Zhu Quanzhong and recovery therefrom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Confrontation with Zhu Quanzhong and recovery therefrom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zhu Quanzhong quickly arrived at Chang'an, took the imperial officials who remained there under his protection, and then headed for Fengxiang. Li Maozhen had Emperor Zhaozong issue an edict ordering Zhu to return to Xuanwu; Zhu initially reacted by leaving Fengxiang, but then instead headed north to attack Jingnan (which was then governed by Li Jihui). Li Jihui surrendered to Zhu, changed his name back to his birth name of Yang Chongben, and was allowed to remain at Jingnan. Yang sent his wife as a hostage to Zhu.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ262-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Li Maozhen and Han Quanhui sent out various calls for help in Emperor Zhaozong's name. A number of eunuchs that Han sent to southeastern circuits were intercepted and executed by Zhu's ally <a href="/wiki/Feng_Xingxi" title="Feng Xingxi">Feng Xingxi</a> the military governor of Rongzhao Circuit (戎昭, i.e., Jinshang). Wang Jian, meanwhile, tried to play both sides, as he publicly denounced Li Maozhen and offered assistance to Zhu, while secretly sending messengers to Fengxiang to encourage Li Maozhen to hold out — yet sent his adoptive sons Wang Zongji (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王宗佶</span></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Wang_Zongdi" title="Wang Zongdi">Wang Zongdi</a> (i.e., Hua Hong, whom Wang had adopted as a son by that point) toward Fengxiang, claiming to want to welcome the emperor to his realm, but instead was intending to capture Shannan West from Li Maozhen.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ262-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li Keyong did have his nephew <a href="/wiki/Li_Sizhao" title="Li Sizhao">Li Sizhao</a> and officer <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Dewei" title="Zhou Dewei">Zhou Dewei</a> launch an attack on Huguo, to try to divert Zhu's attention, but Zhu reacted by having his officer Shi Shucong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">氏叔琮</span></span>) and nephew Zhu Youning (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱友寧</span></span>) make a major counterattack that reached all the way to Li Keyong's capital <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> Municipality and had it under siege, with the situation being so desperate that Li Keyong even considered abandoning Taiyuan and fleeing; eventually, Taiyuan's defenses held, but the damage to Li Keyong's army was so severe that it was said for several years Li Keyong did not dare to seriously consider engaging Zhu again.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ262-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zhu subsequently approached Fengxiang again. In summer 902, Li Maozhen tried to take back the initiative by gathering his own troops and exiting the city, to engage Zhu at Guo County (虢縣, in modern Baoji), but was defeated at the loss of thousands of his men. Zhu, after having his officer Kong Qing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">孔勍</span></span>) capture Feng Prefecture, arrived at Fengxiang. He built five camps and had Fengxiang surrounded. Li Maozhen's cousin Li Maoxun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李茂勳</span></span>), who was then the military governor of Baoda Circuit (保大, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>) tried to aid Fengxiang, but was defeated by Kong and another Xuanwu officer, Kang Huaizhen (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">康懷貞</span></span>), and forced to withdraw. Meanwhile, Li Jimi, under attack by Xichuan forces, was forced to surrender to Wang Jian, and Shannan West and Wuding (which surrendered soon thereafter) became Wang's territory.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fall 902, Zhu, with his army troubled by rains and illnesses, considered withdrawing, but was dissuaded by his officers <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhijun_(Later_Liang)" title="Liu Zhijun (Later Liang)">Liu Zhijun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gao_Jichang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gao Jichang">Gao Jichang</a>. Gao further suggested that a decisive victory against Li Maozhen could be had by laying a trap for Li Maozhen. Zhu had his camps go quiet, and then had the soldier Ma Jing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">馬景</span></span>) falsely surrender to Fengxiang forces and claim that the Xuanwu forces were so stricken by illness that they had secretly withdrawn. Li Maozhen, believing Ma's false information, exited the city to try to chase after Zhu to attack him — and fell into the trap that Zhu had set with his hidden armies. The Fengxiang forces suffered great losses. It was said that it was after this point that Li Maozhen became fearful and began to consider surrendering the emperor to Zhu.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By winter 902, Fengxiang had nearly completely exhausted its food supplies, such that the people resorted to cannibalism. Li Maozhen's further attempts to fight out of the siege were repelled. Further, when Li Maoxun made another attempt to aid Fengxiang, Zhu counterattacked and captured Baoda, forcing Li Maoxun to surrender. With his northern territories lost to Zhu and southern territories lost to Wang Jian, Li Maozhen saw no other alternative but to negotiate with Zhu, and he began secret negotiations. In spring 903, Li Maozhen secretly met with Emperor Zhaozong alone (i.e., without eunuchs in attendance) and proposed to slaughter Han and the other leading eunuchs to seek peace with Zhu. Li Maozhen subsequently carried out the slaughter and delivered the heads to Zhu. After negotiating marriages between his son Li Jikan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼侃</span></span>) and Emperor Zhaozong's daughter Princess Pingyuan and between Emperor Zhaozong's son Li Mi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李秘</span></span>) the Prince of Jing and the daughter of the chancellor <a href="/wiki/Su_Jian" title="Su Jian">Su Jian</a> (an ally of Li Maozhen's), Li Maozhen opened the city gates and surrendered the emperor to Zhu, who escorted the emperor back to Chang'an. (Thereafter, Zhu and Cui Yin carried out a general slaughter of <i>all</i> eunuchs.) Thereafter, Emperor Zhaozong had Zhu send a letter to Li Maozhen demanding the return of Princess Pingyuan; Li Maozhen did not dare another confrontation, and returned her to Emperor Zhaozong. Li Maozhen also offered to be relieved of the title of <i>Shangshu Ling</i>, and was again made <i>Zhongshu Ling</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spring 904, Zhu, suspecting Cui of planning to reorganize the imperial guards in order to oppose him, killed Cui. Hearing this news, Yang Chongben, who had been angry that Zhu had raped his wife during the time that his wife was a hostage of Zhu's, resubmitted to Li Maozhen and changed his name back to Li Jihui. Their joint forces, claiming that Zhu was about to usurp the Tang throne, then headed toward Chang'an. Zhu, believing that his own hold on Chang'an was tenuous, reacted by destroying the palace and most buildings in Chang'an, and forcing Emperor Zhaozong and the people of Chang'an to relocate east, making Luoyang the new capital. Meanwhile, Wang joined Li Maozhen's call for return of the emperor to Chang'an and entered into a peace agreement with Li Maozhen, and Wang gave a daughter in marriage to Li Maozhen's nephew Li Jichong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼崇</span></span>) the military governor of Tianxiong Circuit to cement the alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ264_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ264-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By this point, Zhu had concluded that Emperor Zhaozong was a liability to him — as the warlords opposing him all made the public announcement that the emperor should be rescued and returned to Chang'an, and he was fearful that the emperor might secretly coordinate his actions with theirs to oppose Zhu. Believing that a new and younger emperor would be easier to control, in summer 904, Zhu had Shi and his adoptive son Zhu Yougong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">朱友恭</span></span>) assassinate Emperor Zhaozong, and then, blaming the assassination on them, forced them to commit suicide. He had Emperor Zhaozong's son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ai_of_Tang" title="Emperor Ai of Tang">Li Zuo</a> the Prince of Hui declared emperor (as Emperor Ai).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ265_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ265-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="During_reign_of_Emperor_Ai_of_Tang">During reign of Emperor Ai of Tang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: During reign of Emperor Ai of Tang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 906, Li Maozhen sent Li Jikan to Xichuan as a hostage. Wang Jian made Li Jikan the prefect of Peng Prefecture (彭州, in modern Chengdu).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ265_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ265-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 907, Zhu Quanzhong had Emperor Ai yield the throne to him, ending Tang and founding a new <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a> (as its Emperor Taizu). Li Maozhen, Li Keyong, <a href="/wiki/Yang_Wo" title="Yang Wo">Yang Wo</a> the military governor of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>) the Prince of Hongnong, and Wang Jian refused to acknowledge the Later Liang emperor, but after Wang judged it impossible for Tang to be rebuilt, he declared himself the emperor of a new state of <a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ266_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ266-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_independent_Prince_of_Qi">As independent Prince of Qi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: As independent Prince of Qi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_confrontations_with_Later_Liang_and_subsequent_loss_of_northern_territories">Initial confrontations with Later Liang and subsequent loss of northern territories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Initial confrontations with Later Liang and subsequent loss of northern territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Maozhen, knowing that his state of Qi was weak, did not dare to declare himself emperor. Nevertheless, he took on many trappings of an emperor, including establishing an Office of the Prince of Qi that had a large number of officials bearing titles akin to imperial officials, referring to his residence as "palace," and having his <a href="/wiki/Empress_Liu_(Li_Maozhen%27s_wife)" title="Empress Liu (Li Maozhen's wife)">wife</a> referred to as "empress." It was said that he continued to have the support of his soldiers by being lenient and open with them, but as a result his army lacked military discipline. Indeed, it was said that his army was so weakened by this point that, in 908, when Li Keyong's son and successor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhuangzong_of_Later_Tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang">Li Cunxu</a> the Prince of Jin tried to lift the siege that Later Liang forces were laying on Li Sizhao at Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>), Li Maozhen was not able to send any aid at all. (Li Cunxu was subsequently able to defeat Later Liang forces and lift the siege without Qi aid.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ266_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ266-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in 908, Qi and Former Shu forces jointly tried to capture Chang'an, and Jin also sent an army commanded by the eunuch general <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chengye" title="Zhang Chengye">Zhang Chengye</a>. However, after Qi forces were defeated by Liu Zhijun at Mu Valley (幕谷, in modern Xianyang), all three states withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ266_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ266-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the year, Qi's military governor of Baosai Circuit (保塞, headquartered in modern Yan'an), Hu Jingzhang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">胡敬璋</span></span>), tried to attack Later Liang's Shangping Pass (上平關, in modern <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>), but was repelled by Liu as well.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ267-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, with Yang Wo having been assassinated by his officers <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Hao_(general)" title="Zhang Hao (general)">Zhang Hao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xu_Wen" title="Xu Wen">Xu Wen</a> in 908 and replaced by his brother <a href="/wiki/Yang_Longyan" title="Yang Longyan">Yang Longyan</a>, Yang Longyan sent the officer Wan Quangan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">萬全感</span></span>) to Jin and Qi to inform them of the succession. Li Maozhen, thereafter, acting as the representative of the Tang emperor, bestowed on Yang Longyan the titles of <i>Zhongshu Ling</i> and Prince of Wu (a title previously held by Yang Wo's and Yang Longyan's father <a href="/wiki/Yang_Xingmi" title="Yang Xingmi">Yang Xingmi</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ267-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Hu's death in late 908, Li Jihui initially commissioned Hu's officer Liu Wanzi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">劉萬子</span></span>) the new military governor of Baosai. However, hearing that Liu Wanzi was plotting to surrender to Later Liang, he had his officer Li Yantu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李延圖</span></span>) attack Liu Wanzi and take over Baosai. Soon thereafter, the Baosai officer Gao Wanxing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">高萬興</span></span>) and the Qi military governor of Baoda, Li Yanbo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李彥博</span></span>), both surrendered to Later Liang, and it appeared that Later Liang took over both Baosai and Baoda.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ267-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through these years, Later Liang's Emperor Taizu had been reliant on Liu Zhijun, who was then the military governor of Zhongwu Circuit (忠武, i.e., formerly Kuangguo), to defend against these Qi and Jin incursions; he had thus bestowed many honors on Liu. Nevertheless, Liu had become apprehensive of the increasing volatility in Emperor Taizu's temper, particularly after, in summer 909, after the false report by Liu Han (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">劉捍</span></span>) the military governor of Youguo Circuit (佑國, headquartered at Chang'an) that the former military governor of Youguo, Wang Chongshi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王重師</span></span>), was in secret communications with Qi, Emperor Taizu ordered Wang to commit suicide and slaughtered Wang's family. When Emperor Taizu subsequently summoned Liu Zhijun so that he could discuss a campaign against Jin with Liu Zhijun, Liu Zhijun became convinced that he would be executed. He therefore surrendered to Qi and made a surprise attack on Chang'an, capturing it and delivering Liu Han to Fengxiang to be executed. Liu Zhijun's subsequent optimistic goal of joining Qi and Jin forces to attack Luoyang, however, was dashed when the Later Liang general <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xun_(Later_Liang)" title="Liu Xun (Later Liang)">Liu Xun</a> quickly arrived at Chang'an and recaptured it from the Qi forces that had taken up defensive positions there. Liu Zhijun was forced to flee to Fengxiang, with his own territory falling back into Later Liang control. Li Maozhen honored Liu Zhijun greatly, but as Qi territories were greatly reduced already, he felt he had no territory to allow Liu Zhijun to govern, and therefore only gave Liu Zhijun the title of <i>Zhongshu Ling</i> and awarded him money.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ267-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In winter 908, Li Maozhen sent Liu Zhijun to attack Later Liang's Shuofang Circuit (朔方, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>), with the intention of using it to accommodate Liu and to serve as the supplier of horses and other livestock for the Qi army. When Han Xun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">韓遜</span></span>) the military governor of Shuofang sought aid from Later Liang, Emperor Taizu sent Kang Huaizhen to attack Jingnan in order to force Liu to stop the attack. Kang quickly captured three of Jingnan's prefectures, but when Liu returned, he fell into a trap laid by Liu and suffered great losses. After the battle, despite the limited territory he held, Li Maozhen made Liu the military governor of Zhangyi.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ267-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 910, Li Maozhen (with Liu and Li Jihui) all sent forces, joined by Jin forces, to attack <a href="/wiki/Li_Renfu" title="Li Renfu">Li Renfu</a> the military governor of Later Liang's Dingnan Circuit (定難, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>). After Emperor Taizu sent the officers Li Yu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李遇</span></span>) and Liu Wan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">劉綰</span></span>) to aid Li Renfu, however, the Qi and Jin forces withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ267-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confrontation_with_Former_Shu_and_loss_of_Jingnan_and_Tianxiong_Circuits">Confrontation with Former Shu and loss of Jingnan and Tianxiong Circuits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Confrontation with Former Shu and loss of Jingnan and Tianxiong Circuits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 911, Wang Jian's daughter, who had married Li Jichong and who had been bestowed the title of Princess Puci, sent messengers to Wang, accusing Li Jichong of being arrogant and drunk. Wang thereafter sent a summons to Princess Puci, ostensibly asking her to come home just for a visit. After she arrived in Chengdu, however, Wang kept her at Chengdu and did not send her back to Li Jichong. Li Maozhen, in anger, ended his alliance with Former Shu.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ267-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Maozhen thereafter gathered his troops, posturing a potential attack against Former Shu. Wang Jian reacted by gathering 120,000 men and putting them under the commands of his adoptive sons Wang Zongyou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王宗祐</span></span>) and Wang Zonghe (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王宗賀</span></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Tang_Daoxi" title="Tang Daoxi">Tang Daoxi</a> the military governor of Shannan Circuit (i.e., formerly Shannan West), to attack Qi. The Former Shu forces quickly achieved several victories over Qi forces. However, a counterattack by Liu Zhijun and Li Jichong subsequently defeated Former Shu forces; they then approached Xingyuan. The Former Shu forces, in panic, considered abandoning Xingyuan, but Tang refused to do so. Subsequent counterattacks by Former Shu forces repelled the Qi attack, forcing Qi forces to withdraw. Thereafter, due to the false accusations of Li Maozhen's attendant Shi Jianyong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">石簡顒</span></span>), Li Maozhen stripped Liu of his command for some time, but subsequently at Li Jichong's urging, Li Maozhen executed Shi to comfort Liu. Thereafter, at Li Jichong's invitation, Liu relocated his family to Tianxiong's capital Qin Prefecture (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">秦州</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ268_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ268-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next few years, continued battles were waged between Former Shu and Qi, with Former Shu repeatedly having success and gradually gaining Qi territory.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ268_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ268-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ269_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ269-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 914, Li Jihui was poisoned to death by his son <a href="/wiki/Li_Yanlu_(Qi)" title="Li Yanlu (Qi)">Li Yanlu</a>, who claimed the title of acting military governor. Subsequently, in 915, Li Jihui's adoptive son Li Baoheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李保衡</span></span>) killed Li Yanlu and surrendered Jingnan Circuit to Later Liang. Later Liang's emperor <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Youzhen" title="Zhu Youzhen">Zhu Zhen</a> (Emperor Taizu's son and successor) thereafter transferred Li Baoheng away and made his general <a href="/wiki/Huo_Yanwei" title="Huo Yanwei">Huo Yanwei</a> the new military governor of Jingnan; Qi was unable to regain Jingnan thereafter, as an attempt by Liu to recapture it initially resulted in a stalemate. Subsequently, when the Former Shu general Wang Zonghan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王宗翰</span></span>) attacked Qin Prefecture, Li Jichong surrendered; Liu, hearing that Tianxiong had fallen, and that his family had been taken to Chengdu, lifted the siege on Bin Prefecture and fled to Former Shu. Meanwhile, Qi's military governor of Yisheng Circuit (義勝, headquartered in modern <a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wen_Tao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wen Tao (page does not exist)">Li Yantao</a>, seeing Qi's weakened state, also surrendered to Later Liang; Zhu Zhen had him restored to his birth family name of Wen and gave him a new name of Zhaotu.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ269_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ269-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fall 916, Wang Jian launched another major attack on Fengxiang, this time putting Fengxiang under siege. The Qi forces defended the city and refused to engage Former Shu forces. When a snowstorm hampered the Former Shu attack, Former Shu forces withdrew, but by this point, in effect, Qi's territory was limited to Fengxiang Municipality and its immediate surroundings.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ269_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ269-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 918, Li Maozhen sent emissaries to again seek peace with Former Shu. It is not clear how Wang Jian received the peace proposal. However, after Wang Jian's death later that year, his son and successor <a href="/wiki/Wang_Zongyan" title="Wang Zongyan">Wang Zongyan</a> launched another attack on Fengxiang in spring 919. When the Former Shu army ran into rainstorms, however, it withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ270_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ270-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 920, Former Shu launched another attack on Qi and initially achieved victories. However, when the Former Shu army's food supplies ran out, it withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ271_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ271-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Submission_to_Later_Tang">Submission to Later Tang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Submission to Later Tang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 923, Li Cunxu, who by that point had claimed to be the legitimate successor to Tang and declared a new <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a> as its Emperor Zhuangzong, finally achieved total victory against Later Liang, capturing its capital Daliang; Zhu Zhen committed suicide before Later Tang forces could capture him, ending Later Liang. Upon hearing the news, Li Maozhen sent emissaries to congratulate Emperor Zhuangzong, but in the letter used an arrogant tone, considering himself an uncle. (That was because when both Li Maozhen and Li Keyong were granted the Tang imperial clan name of Li, they were both adopted into Tang imperial prince heritages in the same generation, and therefore were technically cousins.)<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ272_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ272-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after Emperor Zhuangzong subsequently entered Luoyang and made it his capital, Li Maozhen became apprehensive that he might become the Later Tang emperor's next target. In spring 924, he thus sent his son <a href="/wiki/Li_Congyan" title="Li Congyan">Li Jiyan</a> to submit tributes to Emperor Zhuangzong and to submit a petition in which he referred to himself as a Later Tang subject. Emperor Zhuangzong received Li Jiyan warmly and granted the title of <i>Zhongshu Ling</i> on him, while he honored Li Maozhen by referring him only by his formal title of Prince of Qi, not by his name, in edicts. After Li Jiyan returned to Fengxiang, he relayed to Li Maozhen what he saw — that the Later Tang army was great in its strength. Li Maozhen, in fear, submitted another petition in which he requested that he be allowed to be a simple subject — in other words, that Emperor Zhuangzong no longer omit his name in edicts. Emperor Zhuangzong declined. He subsequently created Li Maozhen the Prince of Qin, still not referring to him by name and still not requiring him to bow to the imperial emissaries sent to declare this new creation.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ273_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ273-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in the year, Li Maozhen died. In his final petition to Emperor Zhuangzong, he requested that Li Jiyan be allowed to retain Fengxiang. Emperor Zhuangzong subsequently confirmed Li Jiyan as the military governor of Fengxiang.<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ273_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ273-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_information">Personal information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Personal information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Father <ul><li>Song Duan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宋端</span></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Mother <ul><li>Lady Lu, Lady Dowager of Yan</li></ul></li> <li>Wife <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Liu_(Li_Maozhen%27s_wife)" title="Empress Liu (Li Maozhen's wife)">Empress Liu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mother of Li Jiyan, Li Jichang, Li Jizhao, Li Jiwei, and three daughters, later known as Lady Dowager Xiande of Qin<sup id="cite_ref-LLTombstone_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LLTombstone-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Children<sup id="cite_ref-LMZTombstone_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMZTombstone-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LLTombstone_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LLTombstone-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Li Jiyan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼曮</span></span>), name later changed to <a href="/wiki/Li_Congyan" title="Li Congyan">Li Congyan</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">李從曮</span></span>) (changed 926)</li> <li>Li Jichang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼昶</span></span>), name later changed to Li Congchang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">李從昶</span></span>) (changed 926)</li> <li>Li Jizhao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼昭</span></span>), name later changed to Li Congzhao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">李從昭</span></span>) (apparently different than adoptive son Fu Daozhao) (changed 926)</li> <li>Li Jiwei (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼暐</span></span>)</li> <li>Li Jikan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼侃</span></span>) or Li Kan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李侃</span></span>), name briefly changed to Song Kan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">宋侃</span></span>) in 902<sup id="cite_ref-ZZTJ264_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZZTJ264-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>One other son</li> <li>Four daughters</li></ul></li> <li>Adoptive children <ul><li>Li Jizhen (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼臻</span></span>)</li> <li>Li Jimi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼密</span></span>), né Wang Wanhong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王萬弘</span></span>), surrendered to <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jian_(Former_Shu)" title="Wang Jian (Former Shu)">Wang Jian</a> 902 and changed name back to Wang Wanhong, later committed suicide</li> <li>Li Jipeng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼鵬</span></span>), né Yan Gui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">閻珪</span></span>), executed by Li Maozhen 895</li> <li>Li Jiyóng (李繼顒, note different tone than his adoptive brother), killed by Wang Zongkan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王宗侃</span></span>) 895</li> <li>Li Jiyōng (李繼雍, note different tone than his adoptive brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jihui" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Jihui">Li Jihui</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼徽</span></span>), né Yang Chongben (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">楊崇本</span></span>), surrendered to <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Quanzhong" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Quanzhong">Zhu Quanzhong</a> 901 and changed name back to Yang Chongben, changed name back to Li Jihui and resubmitted to Li Maozhen 904, poisoned to death in 914 by his son <a href="/wiki/Li_Yanlu_(Qi)" title="Li Yanlu (Qi)">Li Yanlu</a></li> <li>Li Jizhao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼昭</span></span>), né Fu Daozhao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">符道昭</span></span>) (apparently different than biological son Li Congzhao), surrendered to Zhu Quanzhong 902</li> <li>Li Jitang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼瑭</span></span>)</li> <li>Li Jining (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼寧</span></span>), captured by Wang Jian 897</li> <li>Li Jipo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼溥</span></span>), surrendered to Wang Jian 897</li> <li>Li Jiyun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼筠</span></span>), executed by Li Maozhen 903</li> <li>Li Jizhong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼忠</span></span>)</li> <li>Li Jiliao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼鐐</span></span>), captured by Zhu Quanzhong 902</li> <li>Li Jiqin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼欽</span></span>)</li> <li>Li Jizhi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼直</span></span>), killed by Han Xun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">韓遜</span></span>) 909</li> <li>Li Jikui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼虁</span></span>)</li> <li>Li Jiji (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼岌</span></span>), né Sang Hongzhi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">桑弘志</span></span>), surrendered to Wang Jian 916 and changed name back to Sang Hongzhi</li> <li>Li Jizhi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李繼陟</span></span>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ262-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ262_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7262" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷262">vol. 262</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw/">Chinese-Western Calendar Converter</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ266-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ266_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ266_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ266_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ266_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7266" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷266">vol. 266</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The start of Li Maozhen's reign as the Prince of Qi depends on one's view of what constitutes "reigning." Li Maozhen was created the Prince of Qi by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhaozong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhaozong of Tang">Emperor Zhaozong of Tang</a> in 901, but the title was a Tang vassal title. In 907, Tang ended by virtue of <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Quanzhong</a>'s seizure of the throne from Emperor Zhaozong's son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ai_of_Tang" title="Emperor Ai of Tang">Emperor Ai</a>, but Li Maozhen, along with several other Tang vassals, refused to recognize Zhu's <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a>. Therefore, he could be regarded to be an independent ruler starting from that date.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HFD132-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HFD132_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFD132_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFD132_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFD132_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFD132_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Old_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties" title="Old History of the Five Dynasties">History of the Five Dynasties</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7132" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊五代史/卷132">vol. 132</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LMZTombstone-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LMZTombstone_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LMZTombstone_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LMZTombstone_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LMZTombstone_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zhangxincaiyuan.blog.hexun.com.tw/7017055_d.html"><i>Short Explanation of the Newly Discovered Tombstone of Li Maozhen, Tang's Prince of Qin</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121222101206/http://zhangxincaiyuan.blog.hexun.com.tw/7017055_d.html">Archived</a> 2012-12-22 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7242" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷242">vol. 242</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/New_Book_of_Tang" title="New Book of Tang">New Book of Tang</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7208" class="extiw" title="zh:s:新唐書/卷208">vol. 208</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ256-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ256_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ256_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7256" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷256">vol. 256</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ257-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ257_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ257_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7257" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷257">vol. 257</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ258-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ258_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7258" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷258">vol. 258</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ259-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ259_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ259_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ259_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ259_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ259_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7259" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷259">vol. 259</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ260-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ260_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7260" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷260">vol. 260</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ261-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ261_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ261_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ261_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7261" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷261">vol. 261</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ263-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ263_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7263" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷263">vol. 263</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ264-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ264_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ264_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7264" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷264">vol. 264</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ265-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ265_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ265_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7265" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷265">vol. 265</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ267-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ267_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7267" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷267">vol. 267</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ268-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ268_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ268_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7268" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷268">vol. 268</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ269-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ269_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ269_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ269_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7269" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷269">vol. 269</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ270-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ270_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7270" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷270">vol. 270</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ271-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ271_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7271" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷271">vol. 271</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ272-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ272_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7272" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷272">vol. 272</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZZTJ273-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ273_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZZTJ273_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7273" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷273">vol. 273</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is not completely clear that Lady Liu was indeed Li Maozhen's wife and therefore his empress, as the historical accounts indicating that Li Maozhen created his wife empress did not mention her name. See <i>Zizhi Tongjian</i>, vol. 266. However, as she bore his oldest son Li Jiyan and three other sons, it appeared very likely that she was in fact Li Maozhen's wife and empress, particularly given that Li Maozhen's tombstone referred to her as wife.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LLTombstone-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LLTombstone_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LLTombstone_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zhangxincaiyuan.blog.hexun.com/7895365_d.html"><i>Examination and Explanation of the Tombstone Text of Lady Liu, Wife of Li Maozhen, Wife of Tang's Prince of Qin</i></a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties" title="Old History of the Five Dynasties">History of the Five Dynasties</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7132" class="extiw" title="zh:s:舊五代史/卷132">vol. 132</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_History_of_the_Five_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="New History of the Five Dynasties">New History of the Five Dynasties</a></i>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B740" class="extiw" title="zh:s:新五代史/卷40">vol. 40</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, vols. <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7256" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷256">256</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7257" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷257">257</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7258" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷258">258</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7259" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷259">259</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7260" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷260">260</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7261" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷261">261</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7262" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷262">262</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7263" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷263">263</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7264" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷264">264</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7265" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷265">265</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7266" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷266">266</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7267" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷267">267</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7268" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷268">268</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7269" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷269">269</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7270" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷270">270</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7271" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷271">271</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7272" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷272">272</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7273" class="extiw" title="zh:s:資治通鑑/卷273">273</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nobility" title="Chinese nobility">Chinese nobility</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Qi_(Five_Dynasties)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qi (Five Dynasties)">Prince of Qi</a>/Qin </b><br />901–924 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Submitted to <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ai_of_Tang" title="Emperor Ai of Tang">Emperor Ai of Tang</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ruler of China (Western <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>) (<i>de jure</i>) </b><br />907–924 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Li_Changfu" title="Li Changfu">Li Changfu</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ruler of China (<a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a> region) (<i>de facto</i>) </b><br />887–924 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Li_Congyan" title="Li Congyan">Li Jiyan</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period_rulers1121" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Template talk:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period_rulers1121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a> rulers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Five Dynasties<br />(and other northern states)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wen" title="Zhu Wen">Zhu Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yougui" title="Zhu Yougui">Zhu Yougui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Youzhen" title="Zhu Youzhen">Zhu Youzhen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concurrent warlords</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shouguang" title="Liu Shouguang">Liu Shouguang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yan_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Yan (Five Dynasties period)">Yan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Rong_(warlord)" title="Wang Rong (warlord)">Wang Rong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhao_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Zhao (Five Dynasties period)">Zhao</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li Maozhen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qi_(Li_Maozhen%27s_state)" title="Qi (Li Maozhen's state)">Qi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Jin34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jin_(Later_Tang_precursor)" title="Jin (Later Tang precursor)">Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keyong" title="Li Keyong">Li Keyong</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Li Siyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Conghou" title="Li Conghou">Li Conghou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Congke" title="Li Congke">Li Congke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Jingtang" title="Shi Jingtang">Shi Jingtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Chonggui" title="Shi Chonggui">Shi Chonggui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interregnum<br />(<a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a> occupation)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Taizong of Liao">Emperor Taizong of Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shizong_of_Liao" title="Emperor Shizong of Liao">Emperor Shizong of Liao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhiyuan" title="Liu Zhiyuan">Liu Zhiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chengyou" title="Liu Chengyou">Liu Chengyou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Han" title="Northern Han">Northern Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chong" title="Liu Chong">Liu Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jun_(Northern_Han)" title="Liu Jun (Northern Han)">Liu Chengjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Ji%27en" title="Liu Ji'en">Liu Ji'en</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jiyuan" title="Liu Jiyuan">Liu Jiyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Wei" title="Guo Wei">Guo Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chai_Rong" title="Chai Rong">Chai Rong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Zongxun" title="Guo Zongxun">Guo Zongxun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ten Kingdoms<br />(other than Northern Han)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Former_Shu" title="Former Shu">Former Shu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jian_(Former_Shu)" title="Wang Jian (Former Shu)">Wang Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zongyan" title="Wang Zongyan">Wang Zongyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Later_Shu" title="Later Shu">Later Shu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Zhixiang" title="Meng Zhixiang">Meng Zhixiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Chang" title="Meng Chang">Meng Chang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jingnan" title="Jingnan">Jingnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Jixing" title="Gao Jixing">Gao Jixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Conghui" title="Gao Conghui">Gao Conghui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Baorong" title="Gao Baorong">Gao Baorong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Baoxu" title="Gao Baoxu">Gao Baoxu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Jichong" title="Gao Jichong">Gao Jichong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ma_Chu" title="Ma Chu">Chu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Yin" title="Ma Yin">Ma Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xisheng" title="Ma Xisheng">Ma Xisheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xifan" title="Ma Xifan">Ma Xifan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiguang" title="Ma Xiguang">Ma Xiguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xi%27e" title="Ma Xi'e">Ma Xi'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xichong" title="Ma Xichong">Ma Xichong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Han" title="Southern Han">Southern Han</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(Southern_Han)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Yan (Southern Han)">Liu Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bin_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Bin (Southern Han)">Liu Bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Sheng_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Sheng (Southern Han)">Liu Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chang_(Southern_Han)" title="Liu Chang (Southern Han)">Liu Chang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wu" title="Yang Wu">Wu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xingmi" title="Yang Xingmi">Yang Xingmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Wo" title="Yang Wo">Yang Wo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Longyan" title="Yang Longyan">Yang Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Pu" title="Yang Pu">Yang Pu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Bian" title="Li Bian">Li Bian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jing_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Jing (Southern Tang)">Li Jing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yu_(Southern_Tang)" title="Li Yu (Southern Tang)">Li Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Min_(Ten_Kingdoms)" title="Min (Ten Kingdoms)">Min</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chao_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Wang Chao (Tang dynasty)">Wang Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shenzhi" title="Wang Shenzhi">Wang Shenzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanhan" title="Wang Yanhan">Wang Yanhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanjun" title="Wang Yanjun">Wang Yanjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jipeng" title="Wang Jipeng">Wang Jipeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanxi" title="Wang Yanxi">Wang Yanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Wenjin" title="Zhu Wenjin">Zhu Wenjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yin_(Five_Dynasties_period)" title="Yin (Five Dynasties period)">Yin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanzheng" title="Wang Yanzheng">Wang Yanzheng</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Qian Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Yuanguan" title="Qian Yuanguan">Qian Yuanguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzuo" title="Qian Hongzuo">Qian Hongzuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Hongzong" title="Qian Hongzong">Qian Hongzong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Chu" title="Qian Chu">Qian Chu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Xia" title="Template:Kings of Xia">Xia</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Shang" title="Template:Kings of Shang">Shang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Zhou" title="Template:Kings of Zhou">Zhou</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Qin" title="Template:Monarchs of Qin">Qin</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Han_emperors" title="Template:Han emperors">Han</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Kingdoms_emperors" title="Template:Three Kingdoms emperors">3 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Template:Jin emperors (266–420)">Jìn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Sixteen_Kingdoms_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sixteen Kingdoms rulers">16 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Southern dynasties emperors">S. Dynasties</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_dynasties_emperors" title="Template:Northern dynasties emperors">N. Dynasties</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Sui_emperors" title="Template:Sui emperors">Sui</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Tang_emperors" title="Template:Tang emperors">Tang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Template:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers">5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Liao_emperors" title="Template:Liao emperors">Liao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Song_emperors" title="Template:Song emperors">Song</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Xia_emperors" title="Template:Western Xia emperors">W. Xia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_emperors_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Template:Jin emperors (1115–1234)">Jīn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Yuan_emperors" title="Template:Yuan emperors">Yuan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Ming_emperors" title="Template:Ming emperors">Ming</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Qing_emperors" title="Template:Qing emperors">Qing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Presidents of the Republic of China">ROC</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Paramount_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China">PRC</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699647#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata683" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699647#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata683" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699647#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/101393843">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1958849/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkD364X6PWWJc8P8QCfbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2009065280">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&oldid=1168672594">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&oldid=1168672594</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:856_births" title="Category:856 births">856 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:924_deaths" title="Category:924 deaths">924 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers" title="Category:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms rulers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_jiedushi_of_Wuding_Circuit" title="Category:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Wuding Circuit">Tang dynasty jiedushi of Wuding Circuit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_jiedushi_of_Fengxiang_Circuit" title="Category:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Fengxiang Circuit">Tang dynasty jiedushi of Fengxiang Circuit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_jiedushi_of_Shannan_West_Circuit" title="Category:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Shannan West Circuit">Tang dynasty jiedushi of Shannan West Circuit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fengxiang_jiedushi" title="Category:Fengxiang jiedushi">Fengxiang jiedushi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Later_Tang_jiedushi" title="Category:Later Tang jiedushi">Later Tang jiedushi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_nonimperial_princes" title="Category:Tang dynasty nonimperial princes">Tang dynasty nonimperial princes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_jiedushi_of_Xichuan_Circuit" title="Category:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Xichuan Circuit">Tang dynasty jiedushi of Xichuan Circuit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_generals_from_Shaanxi" title="Category:Tang dynasty generals from Shaanxi">Tang dynasty generals from Shaanxi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Qi_(Li_Maozhen%27s_state)_people" title="Category:Qi (Li Maozhen's state) people">Qi (Li Maozhen's state) people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Founding_monarchs" title="Category:Founding monarchs">Founding monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Hebei" title="Category:People from Hebei">People from Hebei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tang_dynasty_generals_from_Hebei" title="Category:Tang dynasty generals from Hebei">Tang dynasty generals from Hebei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Baoding" title="Category:People from Baoding">People from Baoding</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Baoding" title="Category:Politicians from Baoding">Politicians from Baoding</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links" title="Category:Webarchive template archiveis links">Webarchive template archiveis links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text">Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 August 2023, at 07:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Li_Maozhen&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Li Maozhen</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>5 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-56b45f5767-tclgs","wgBackendResponseTime":191,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.713","walltime":"0.936","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4714,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":93572,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3374,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":38779,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 801.620 1 -total"," 37.12% 297.544 111 Template:Lang"," 20.28% 162.556 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 14.45% 115.806 2 Template:Infobox"," 12.40% 99.397 6 Template:Navbox"," 11.59% 92.938 1 Template:Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_rulers"," 5.97% 47.843 8 Template:Main_other"," 5.62% 45.082 1 Template:Authority_control"," 5.43% 43.554 1 Template:Family_name_hatnote"," 3.81% 30.507 1 Template:Infobox_royalty/short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.411","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17598896,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-d6f4c4464-xnzgd","timestamp":"20250325214319","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Li Maozhen","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Maozhen","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q699647","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q699647","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-01-30T18:25:07Z","dateModified":"2023-08-04T07:26:47Z","headline":"Chinese Prince (856-924)"}</script> </body> </html>