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emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv" class=""><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр" class=""><span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кӗр</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ман хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кӗр</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Системӑна кӗменнисем валли хатӗрленӗ страницӑсем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83:%D0%9F%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%91%D1%88" aria-label="Тӳрлетесси пирки тӗплӗнрех"><span>ытларах пӗл</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ку IP адресран тунӑ тӳрлетӳсем [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Хывнӑ тӳпе</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Тупмалли" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тупмалли</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пуҫламӑш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Нимĕç_халăхĕ_сарăлнă_вырăнсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Нимĕç_халăхĕ_сарăлнă_вырăнсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Нимĕç халăхĕ сарăлнă вырăнсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Нимĕç_халăхĕ_сарăлнă_вырăнсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Нимĕç_халăхĕн_кун-çулĕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Нимĕç_халăхĕн_кун-çулĕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Нимĕç халăхĕн кун-çулĕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Нимĕç_халăхĕн_кун-çулĕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хуçалăх_йăла-йĕркисем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хуçалăх_йăла-йĕркисем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Хуçалăх йăла-йĕркисем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хуçалăх_йăла-йĕркисем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Уявсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Уявсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Уявсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Уявсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тĕнĕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тĕнĕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Тĕнĕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тĕнĕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Нимĕçсен_суб-этнос_ушкăнĕсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Нимĕçсен_суб-этнос_ушкăнĕсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Нимĕçсен суб-этнос ушкăнĕсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Нимĕçсен_суб-этнос_ушкăнĕсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Раççей_нимĕçĕсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Раççей_нимĕçĕсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Раççей нимĕçĕсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Раççей_нимĕçĕсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вуламалли" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вуламалли"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Вуламалли</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вуламалли-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Çавăн пекех пăхăр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Каçăсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Каçăсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Каçăсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Каçăсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Нимĕçсем</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 99 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsers" title="Duitsers — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duitsers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemans" title="Alemans — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alemans" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ألمان — арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="المان — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanes" title="Alemanes — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alemanes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Германал — аварский" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Германал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanlar" title="Almanlar — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Almanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آلمانلار — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلمانلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Немецтар — башкирский" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Немецтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitsche" title="Deitsche — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Deitsche" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuok%C4%ABt%C4%93" title="Vuokītē — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vuokītē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Немцы — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Немцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Немцы — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Немцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германци — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Германци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="জার্মান জাতি — бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মান জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nijemci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Германшууд — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Германшууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemanys" title="Alemanys — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alemanys" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Девтой — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Девтой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%A8%E1%8E%B9%E1%8F%82" title="ᎠᏂᏨᎹᏂ — чероки" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏨᎹᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="чероки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەڵمانییەکان — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەڵمانییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmci" title="Němci — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Němci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaenwyr" title="Almaenwyr — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Almaenwyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskere" title="Tyskere — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyskere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche" title="Deutsche — нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutsche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman" title="Alman — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alman" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimc" title="Nimc — нижнелужицкий" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nimc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="нижнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF" title="Γερμανοί — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανοί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans" title="Germans — акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Germans" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanoj" title="Germanoj — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_alem%C3%A1n" title="Pueblo alemán — испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo alemán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakslased" title="Sakslased — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sakslased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemaniar" title="Alemaniar — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alemaniar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="آلمانی‌ها — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلمانی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksalaiset" title="Saksalaiset — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemands" title="Allemands — франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allemands" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAtsers" title="Dútsers — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dútsers" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearm%C3%A1naigh" title="Gearmánaigh — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gearmánaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_alem%C3%A1n" title="Pobo alemán — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo alemán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet-koet-ng%C3%ACn" title="Tet-koet-ngìn — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tet-koet-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="גרמנים — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nijemci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman" title="Alman — гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9metek" title="Németek — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Németek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գերմանացիներ — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմանացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Jerman" title="Orang Jerman — индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Немций — ингушский" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Немций" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингушский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedeschi" title="Tedeschi — итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tedeschi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E4%BA%BA" title="ドイツ人 — япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გერმანელები — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Jerman" title="Jolma Jerman — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Jerman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Немістер — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Немістер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8" title="독일인 — корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman" title="Alman — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Немистер — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Немистер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duutsjers" title="Duutsjers — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Duutsjers" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokie%C4%8Diai" title="Vokiečiai — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81cie%C5%A1i" title="Vācieši — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vācieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem%C3%A0na_(vahoaka)" title="Alemàna (vahoaka) — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alemàna (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Немыч — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Немыч" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германци — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitsers" title="Duitsers — голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duitsers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskarar" title="Tyskarar — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyskarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskere" title="Tyskere — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyskere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Немыцаг адæм — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Немыцаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਜਰਮਨ ਲੋਕ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮਨ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemcy_(nar%C3%B3d)" title="Niemcy (naród) — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niemcy (naród)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="جرمن لوک — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمن لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem%C3%A3es" title="Alemães — португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alemães" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germani" title="Germani — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Germani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Немцы — вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Немцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%96" title="Німці — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Німці" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abadage" title="Abadage — киньяруанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Abadage" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киньяруанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Ньиэмэстэр — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ньиэмэстэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedescos" title="Tedescos — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tedescos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans" title="Germans — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Germans" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nijemci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germans" title="Germans — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Germans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemci" title="Nemci — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemci" title="Nemci — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjerman%C3%ABt" title="Gjermanët — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjermanët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Нијемци — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нијемци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyskar" title="Tyskar — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyskar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miymce" title="Miymce — силезский" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Miymce" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силезский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Олмониҳо — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Олмониҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวเยอรมัน — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวเยอรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanlar" title="Almanlar — турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алманнар — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алманнар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="نېمىسلار — уйгурский" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نېمىسلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%96" title="Німці — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemislar" title="Nemislar — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nemislar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Người Đức — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="德意志人 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德意志人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="გერმანალეფი — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_ar%C3%A1_J%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Àwọn ará Jẹ́mánì — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn ará Jẹ́mánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="德意志人 — китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德意志人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-kok-l%C3%A2ng" title="Tek-kok-lâng — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-kok-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="德國人 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德國人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42884#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Статьяна пăх [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Страница</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Статьяна сӳтсе явасси (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Сӳтсе яв</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Чӗлхе вариантне улӑштар" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">чӑвашла</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Пурĕ пăхнă"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=history" title="Страницӑна улӑштарнин журналӗ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хатӗрсем</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ӗҫсем </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пӗтӗмӗшле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Кунта куҫаракан мӗнпур страницӑн ят-йышӗ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Кунта каҫараканнисем</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" rel="nofollow" title="Ку страницӑра кӑтартнӑ каҫӑсенче вырнаҫнӑ страницӑсенчи юлашки улшӑнусем [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Ҫыхӑннӑ улшӑнусем</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv" title="Файлсене тиесси [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл тие</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Ятарлӑ страницӑсен йышӗ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Ятарлă страницăсем</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&oldid=779308" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&id=779308&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницăна цитатăла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25C4%2595%25C3%25A7%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259D%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25C4%2595%25C3%25A7%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичет версийĕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Germans" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42884" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">пытар</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">«Википеди» ирĕклĕ энциклопединчи материал</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Pre_Migration_Age_Germanic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pre_Migration_Age_Germanic.png/250px-Pre_Migration_Age_Germanic.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pre_Migration_Age_Germanic.png/375px-Pre_Migration_Age_Germanic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pre_Migration_Age_Germanic.png/500px-Pre_Migration_Age_Germanic.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Герман йăхĕсем <a href="/wiki/100" class="mw-redirect" title="100">100</a> — <a href="/wiki/400" class="mw-redirect" title="400">400</a> çулсем тапхăрĕнче. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пшевори этеплĕхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Пшевори этеплĕхĕ</a> саралнă вырăнĕ: кăнтăр Польша, кунта сĕм ĕлĕк герман тата славян йăхĕсем пурăннă.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Нимĕçсем</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Нимĕç чĕлхи">ним.</a> <i>Deutsche</i>), — <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Германи">Германире</a> пурăнакан, нимĕçле калаçакан <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Халăх">халăх</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Нимĕç_халăхĕ_сарăлнă_вырăнсем"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B8.D0.BC.C4.95.C3.A7_.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.BB.C4.83.D1.85.C4.95_.D1.81.D0.B0.D1.80.C4.83.D0.BB.D0.BD.C4.83_.D0.B2.D1.8B.D1.80.C4.83.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Нимĕç халăхĕ сарăлнă вырăнсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Нимĕç халăхĕ сарăлнă вырăнсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Нимĕç халăхĕ сарăлнă вырăнсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">нимĕç чĕлхиллĕ чылай халăх çĕршывсем </th></tr> <tr> <th>Нимĕçле калаçакансем </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Австри">Австри</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Швейцари">Швейцари</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Бельги">Бельги</a> (70,000 яхăн)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Итали">Итали</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша">Польша</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Чехи">Чехи</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Словаки">Словаки</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Раççей">Раççей</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Франци">Франци</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан">Казахстан</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Венгри">Венгри</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Бразили">Бразили</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Румыни">Румыни</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Намиби">Намиби</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="АПШ">АПШ</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Парагвай">Парагвай</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Уругвай">Уругвай</a> (ххх)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Нидерландсем">Нидерландсем</a> (ххх)</li></ol> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Нимĕç_халăхĕн_кун-çулĕ"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B8.D0.BC.C4.95.C3.A7_.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.BB.C4.83.D1.85.C4.95.D0.BD_.D0.BA.D1.83.D0.BD-.C3.A7.D1.83.D0.BB.C4.95"></span>Нимĕç халăхĕн кун-çулĕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Нимĕç халăхĕн кун-çулĕ пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Нимĕç халăхĕн кун-çулĕ»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Map_of_the_Imperial_Circles_(1512)-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Map_of_the_Imperial_Circles_%281512%29-en.png/220px-Map_of_the_Imperial_Circles_%281512%29-en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Map_of_the_Imperial_Circles_%281512%29-en.png/330px-Map_of_the_Imperial_Circles_%281512%29-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Map_of_the_Imperial_Circles_%281512%29-en.png/440px-Map_of_the_Imperial_Circles_%281512%29-en.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Таса Рим империйĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Таса Рим империйĕ</a>, 1512 çул.</figcaption></figure> <p>Нимĕç этносĕн нĕсĕлĕсен шутне <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Алемансем">алемансем</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Баварсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">баварсем</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Франксем">франксем</a>, <i>саксы</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Лангобардсем">лангобардсем</a>, <i>маркомансем</i>, <i>готсем</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Неметсем">неметсем</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Швабсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">швабсем</a> тата ытти герман йăхĕсем тата также <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Кельтсем">кельтсемпе</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ретсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">ретсем</a> кĕреççĕ. Вăтам ĕмĕрсенче çак йăхсем хальхи Германи территорине йышăнса пурăннă пулнă. Герман наци аталанăвĕн ĕçне <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Славянсем">славянсем</a> те хутшăннă. Германин пысăк пайĕнче славянсем (ободритсем, вагрсем) пурăннă. </p><p>Франксен империне <a href="/wiki/843" title="843">843</a> çулта аркатсан, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%85%C4%83%C3%A7-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тухăç-Франк патшалăхĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тухăç-Франк патшалăхĕ</a>, <a href="/wiki/X_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="X ĕмĕр">X ĕмĕрте</a> вăл Тевтон герман йăхĕ ячĕпе палăрнă). Нимĕçсен хăйсен ячĕ deutsch (дойч), teutā индоевропă сăмахĕнчен тухать, «халăх» тени пулать. Халĕ французсем, италисемпе испансем вĕсене алеманнсем (алеман йăхĕ), финнсем — саксем, славянсемпе венгрсем — нимĕçсем (немет йăхĕ), акăлчансем — германсем (german) тесе чĕнеççĕ. </p><p>Вăрах вăхăт Германи хăй тĕллĕ феодал çĕрĕсене пайланса тăнă, çавăнпа та паянкуна çитиех кунта швабсем, баварсем, саксонсем, франконсем тата ытти ятсем те сыхланса юлнă. Германи çĕрĕсене пуçтарас ĕçре тĕп ĕç-пуçа <a href="/wiki/XIX_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XIX ĕмĕр">XIX ĕмĕрĕн</a> иккĕмĕш пайĕнче хăватлă Прусси патшалăхĕ вылянă. </p><p>Нимĕç йăхĕсем пĕтĕмпех <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a> çулта çĕрĕсене пĕрлештернĕ хыççăн пĕр наци пулса тăраççĕ. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Индустриализаци (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Индустриализаци</a> тата унпа çыхăннă халăх хуласене куçăнни те тĕрлĕ çĕрсенчи этноссен уйрăмлăхĕсене якатнă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Хуçалăх_йăла-йĕркисем"><span id=".D0.A5.D1.83.C3.A7.D0.B0.D0.BB.C4.83.D1.85_.D0.B9.C4.83.D0.BB.D0.B0-.D0.B9.C4.95.D1.80.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Хуçалăх йăла-йĕркисем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Хуçалăх йăла-йĕркисем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Хуçалăх йăла-йĕркисем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Çурт-йĕр тăвасси енĕпе классикă каркаслă(фахверк çурчĕ) çуртсем, готикă соборĕсем. Фахверкăллă пӳртсем хуласенче те тĕл пулаççĕ. </p><p>4 тĕслĕ ял пӳрчĕсем: </p> <ul><li>Анат нимĕç пӳрчĕ — пĕр хутлă, каркаслă, пӳлĕмĕсем — пĕр тăрă айĕнче, ăшăтма вучахпа усă курнă, 19 ĕмĕрте кăмакапа (каминпа) ăшăннă.</li> <li>Вăтам нимĕç пӳрчĕ — икĕ хутлă, каркаслă, пĕрремĕш хутĕнче — пурăну пайĕ, çӳлти — хушма хуçалăх пӳлĕмĕсем, хуçалăх çурчĕсем — кил картинче. Пӳртре — вучахпа кăмака.</li> <li>Германин кăнтăрĕнче <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Австрисем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">австрисенпек</a>, альпи пӳрчĕ.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг">Баден-Вюртемберг</a> çĕрĕнче — шварцвальд пӳрчĕ, вăтам нимĕçпе альпи варринчи евĕр.</li></ul> <p>Вырăнти уйрăлусем сĕтел-тенкелре те курăнаççĕ: çурçĕрте илмлетӳре ытларах касса туни пулать пулсан, кăнтăрта — çырса тунисем чылайрах. </p><p>Нимĕç йăлиллĕ тум-тир тĕсĕ 16-17 ĕмĕрсенче çирĕпленнĕ, кайран вара 19 ĕмĕрте усă курма пăрахнă. Хĕрарăмсем корсажсем, кофтăсем, тĕрлĕ вăрăммăшлĕ юбкăсем, передники, хул çинчи тутăрсем, Çӳлти Баварире — платье. Арçынсем кĕпесем (рубахи), кĕске тата тăсăл йĕмсем, кĕске хул кĕпесем, жилетсем тăхăнса çӳренĕ, мăй тутăрĕсем çыхнă. Ура пушмакĕсем — сăран пушмакĕсем пряжками, атăсем, сайра — йывăç пушмаксем пулнă. Каярахпа кăнтăр енче тироль тумĕ хисепе тухать — кĕске йĕмсем на подтяжках, шурă кĕпе, хĕрлĕ тĕслĕ кĕске хуллă кĕпе, чĕркуççи тарин чăлха, туфльă, кайăк тĕкĕллĕ шлепке. </p><p>Апат-çимĕçĕ — хуçалăх тĕсĕнчен килет. Çурçĕр енче — <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Çĕрулми">çĕрулми</a>, ыраш çăкăрĕ, кăнтăр енче — çăнăхран пĕçернĕ çимĕçсем, лапша, клецки, тулă çăкăрĕ. Сосискăсемпе тултармăшсем (кăлпассисем) нимĕçсен пĕрлĕх апат-çимĕçĕсем. Халăх ĕçекен классикăллă шĕвекĕ — сăра. Уяв çимĕçĕ — сысна пуçĕ, сысна какайĕ, хур какайĕ, карп, йӳçетнĕ купăста, çăнăхран пĕçернĕ нумай çимĕçсем — тортсем, пĕренĕксем, печенисем. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Уявсем"><span id=".D0.A3.D1.8F.D0.B2.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Уявсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уявсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Уявсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тĕп уявĕсем — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2" class="mw-disambig" title="Раштав">Раштавпа</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB_(%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%B2)" title="Çĕнĕ Çул (уяв)">Çĕнĕ Çул</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Кăрлач">Кăрлачра</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%83%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Нарăс">нарăсра</a> карнавалсем (тĕслĕхрен, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кёльн карнавалĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Кёльн карнавалĕ</a>) иртереççĕ. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Вальпурги каçĕ">Вальпурги каçĕ</a> — чи паллă авалхи уяв, çĕр пуянлăхне халалласа тăваççĕ. Вальпурги каçне ешерекен çуркуннене асăнса <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0,_30" title="Ака, 30">ака, 30</a> çĕрле уявлаççĕ. </p><p>Вальпурги каçĕн ячĕ таса Вальпурги, Уимбурнă монахини ятĕнчен куçнă. Монахиньă Англирен Германие <a href="/wiki/748" title="748">748</a> çулта мăнастыре никĕслеме, уçма килнĕ. Вăл <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%83%D1%81,_25" title="Нарăс, 25">нарăс, 25</a> <a href="/wiki/777" title="777">777</a> çулта <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хайденхайм (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хайденхаймра</a> çĕре кĕнĕ. Пурнăçĕнче ăна хисепленĕ, вилнĕ хыççăн таса вырăнне хума тытăннă. Рим тĕнĕн таса çыннисен шутĕнчи уяв кунĕ — <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83,_1" title="Çу, 1">çу, 1</a>. </p><p>Вăтам ĕмĕрсенче тĕшмĕш ĕненĕвĕпе, Вальпурги каçĕнчи тухатмăш карчăкĕсен ĕçкĕ-çикĕ иртĕхĕсене пĕтĕм Германире, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Скандинави">Скандинавире</a> пуçтарăннă. Çав тухатмăш карчăксем шăпăрсем çине утланса ларса ту тăррисем çине вĕçсе çитнĕ, унта вĕсем демонсемпе, мурсемпе ĕçнĕ-çинĕ, ташланă, аскăннă. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Вальпурги каçĕ">Вальпурги каçĕ</a> пекки Америкăра <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хеллоуин (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хеллоуин</a> шутланать. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тĕнĕ"><span id=".D0.A2.C4.95.D0.BD.C4.95"></span>Тĕнĕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Тĕнĕ пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="Редактировать код раздела «Тĕнĕ»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Германири халăхсем Христос тĕнĕпе пурăнаççĕ: </p> <ul><li>31,47 % — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рим-католици чиркĕвĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Рим-католици чиркĕвĕ</a> шутне кĕреççĕ: кăнтăр тата анăç Германи</li> <li>30,84 % — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Евангели христианĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Евангели христианĕсем</a>,</li> <li>3 % —православипе тухăç чиркĕвĕсен шутĕнче.</li> <li>0,46 % <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çĕнĕ апостăлсен чиркĕвĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çĕнĕ апостăлсен чиркĕвĕ</a>.</li> <li>ирĕклĕ чиркӳсенчи, тĕн сектанчĕсем.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Нимĕçсен_суб-этнос_ушкăнĕсем"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B8.D0.BC.C4.95.C3.A7.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D1.81.D1.83.D0.B1-.D1.8D.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81_.D1.83.D1.88.D0.BA.C4.83.D0.BD.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Нимĕçсен суб-этнос ушкăнĕсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Нимĕçсен суб-этнос ушкăнĕсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="Редактировать код раздела «Нимĕçсен суб-этнос ушкăнĕсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Баварсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Баварсем</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%C4%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Саксăсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Саксăсем</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Швабсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Швабсем</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Прусаксем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Прусаксем</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Раççей_нимĕçĕсем"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B0.C3.A7.C3.A7.D0.B5.D0.B9_.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.C4.95.C3.A7.C4.95.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Раççей нимĕçĕсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Раççей нимĕçĕсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="Редактировать код раздела «Раççей нимĕçĕсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Нимĕçсем раççей ăслăлăхĕпе этеплĕхне чылай ӳсĕм кӳнĕ. Нумайăшĕсем патшалăх тата çар-вăрçă хĕсметĕсенче тăнă. </p><p>Тĕп статья: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Раççей нимĕçĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Раççей нимĕçĕсем</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вуламалли"><span id=".D0.92.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Вуламалли</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Вуламалли пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="Редактировать код раздела «Вуламалли»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Энциклопедия «Народы и религии мира», Мускав, 1998.</li> <li>История зарубежной литературы, М.-1987.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çавăн_пекех_пăхăр"><span id=".C3.87.D0.B0.D0.B2.C4.83.D0.BD_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.85_.D0.BF.C4.83.D1.85.C4.83.D1.80"></span>Çавăн пекех пăхăр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Çавăн пекех пăхăр пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=9" title="Редактировать код раздела «Çавăн пекех пăхăр»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фольксдойче (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Фольксдойче</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Каçăсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.C3.A7.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Каçăсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Каçăсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&section=10" title="Редактировать код раздела «Каçăсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.destatis.de/">Statistisches Bundesamt</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://german.about.com/library/blfamous1.htm">Famous Germans</a> <small>2007 ҫулхи Юпа уйӑхӗн 16-мӗшӗнче <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016072650/http://german.about.com/library/blfamous1.htm">архивланӑ</a>.</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://german.about.com/library/blerfinder.htm">German, Austrian and Swiss inventors</a> <small>2007 ҫулхи Юпа уйӑхӗн 26-мӗшӗнче <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026070527/http://german.about.com/library/blerfinder.htm">архивланӑ</a>.</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://german.about.com/library/blfamger100-01.htm">Top 100 Germans</a> <small>2007 ҫулхи Чӳк уйӑхӗн 20-мӗшӗнче <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071120170056/http://german.about.com/library/blfamger100-01.htm">архивланӑ</a>.</small></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible collapsed nowraplinks hlist" style="margin:auto;;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Шаблон:Нимĕçсем"><span title="Шаблоне пăх" style="">п</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаблона сӳтсе явмалли:Нимĕçсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)"><span title="Шаблоне сӳтсе явни" style="">с</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit"><span title="Шаблоне тӳрлет" style=";">т</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Нимĕçсем</a></span></th> </tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Германи культури (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Культура</a></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нимĕç литератури (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Литература</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BA%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нимĕç мусăкĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Мусăк</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нимĕç кухни (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Кухня</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D1%81%D3%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%C4%95_%D3%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нимĕç сӳретлĕ ӳнерĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Сӳретлĕ ӳнер</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Германи кинематографĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Кинематограф</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Германи театрĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Театр</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нимĕç архитектури (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Архитектура</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D1%8F%D1%87%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нимĕç ячĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Ятсем</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Трахт (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Костюм</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бавар наци костюмĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Бавар</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Германири тĕн (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Тĕне тытни</a></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Католицизм Германире (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Католицизм</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Православи Германире (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Православи</a>  • <a 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hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Беларус нимĕçĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Беларуç</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Раççей нимĕçĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Раççей</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Литвари нимĕçсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Литва</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Казахстан нимĕçĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Казахстан</a>  • <a 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хатӗрлемен-ха)">Наци юхăмĕ</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Германи историйĕ">Истори</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Райхсдойче (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Райхсдойче</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фольксдойче (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Фольксдойче</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нимĕçсен этнографи ушкăнĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Этнографи ушкăнĕсем</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="toccolours" style="border-width:2px 0 0 0"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="40" valign="top"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:M_Puzzle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/M_Puzzle.png/30px-M_Puzzle.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/M_Puzzle.png/45px-M_Puzzle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/M_Puzzle.png/60px-M_Puzzle.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><i>Ку <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Википеди:Статья хатĕрĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">вĕçлемен статья</a>. Эсир статьяна <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%99%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Википеди:Йĕркесемпе кăтартусем">тӳрлетсе тата хушса</a> проекта пулăшма пултаратăр.</i><br /><small>Çак асăрхаттарнине май пулсан тĕрĕсреххипе улăштармалла.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Çăлкуç — «<a dir="ltr" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Нимĕçсем&oldid=779308">https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Нимĕçсем&oldid=779308</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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