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sexualization of women’s bodies</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sexualization of women’s bodies"> <meta name="keywords" content="sexualization of women’s bodies"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sexualization of women’s bodies"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3972</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sexualization of women’s bodies</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3972</span> Sexualization of Women in Nigerian Magazine Advertisements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kehinde%20Augustina%20Odukoya">Kehinde Augustina Odukoya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the portrayal of women in Nigerian magazine advertisements, with the aim to investigate whether there is sexualization of women in the advertisements. To achieve this aim, content analyses of 61 magazine advertisements from 5 different categories of magazines; a general interest magazine (Genevieve), fashion magazine (Hints Complete Fashion), men’s magazine (Mode), women’s magazine (Totally Whole) and a relationship magazine (Forever) were carried out. Erving Goffman’s 1979 frame analysis and Kang’s two additional coding categories were used to investigate the sexualization of women. Findings show that women are used for decorative purposes and objectified in over 70 per cent of the advertisements analyzed. Also, there is sexualization of women in magazine advertisements because women are nude 57.4 percent of the magazine advertisements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisements" title="advertisements">advertisements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magazine" title=" magazine"> magazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexualization" title=" sexualization"> sexualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62369/sexualization-of-women-in-nigerian-magazine-advertisements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3971</span> The Role of Capitalism, Society, and Media in the Rise of Plastic Surgeries in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Saleh">Rana Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the introduction and rise of plastic surgery in Egypt, tracing its historical roots and examining its growing prevalence in modern society. Through a qualitative review of existing literature, the research investigates how media, capitalism, and patriarchal societal structures contribute to the normalization of cosmetic surgeries, particularly among women. It delves into the consumer culture created by capitalism and the sexualization of women’s bodies, emphasizing how these factors influence women's perceptions of beauty and their decisions to undergo surgery. The paper also highlights the role of patriarchy in shaping these choices within Egypt’s collectivist society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20surgery" title="plastic surgery">plastic surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capitalism" title=" capitalism"> capitalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexualization%20of%20women%E2%80%99s%20bodies" title=" sexualization of women’s bodies"> sexualization of women’s bodies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193005/the-role-of-capitalism-society-and-media-in-the-rise-of-plastic-surgeries-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3970</span> Gender and Sexual Education in Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zouhair%20Gassim">Zouhair Gassim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The reconfiguration of representations of women's bodies as a "chest of pregnancies", the growing commitment of their bodies to the decision of pregnancies previously monopolized by men, the emergence of new practices of the bodies of men and women suggest that the borders between the masculine and the feminine in Morocco are moving. However, the persistence of sexual violence against girls/women indicates that these changes did not contribute to the lifting of the men's control over the bodies of women. This paper aims to analyze the lessons learned about sex education as a discourse related to the fabric of bodies in relation to sexuality in school in order to understand to what extent this institution contributes to the (re) production of gender inequalities. As a result, the educational discourse on sexuality still remains one of the spaces of resistance against gender equality and thus contributes to the (re) production of gender inequalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20education" title=" sexual education"> sexual education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morocco" title=" Morocco"> Morocco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20system" title=" educational system"> educational system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148078/gender-and-sexual-education-in-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3969</span> The Construction of Healthy Bodies in U.S. and China: A Comparative Analysis of Women's Health and Trends Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20L.%20Frances">Yang L. Frances</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Women's health and wellness has been becoming an increasingly important issue in mass media in the age of globalization. In this context, the current research focuses on comparing the construction of healthy bodies in women's health magazines of China and U.S. Trends Health in China and Women's Health in U.S are chosen. Textual analysis and in depth interviews are combined to examine how the healthy bodies are constructed in two magazines through discursive strategies. The interviews with the Deputy Editorial Director, Creative Director and Senior Visual Design of two magazines are undertaken to make the further comparisons. In both Trends Health and Women's Health, women's subjectivity is realized in the construction of ideal healthy body; nevertheless in the process of constructing healthy body, the disciplinary practices imposed on women's bodies are different in two magazines. This paper argues that women's health magazines in both China and America provide an alternative discourse to speak their voices on the one hand, but on the other hand, Women's Health and Trends Health construct the healthy body through disparate disciplinary practices because of the different socio-cultural contexts in two societies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20body" title="healthy body">healthy body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%27s%20health%20magazines" title=" women's health magazines"> women's health magazines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Foucault" title=" Foucault"> Foucault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textual%20analysis" title=" textual analysis "> textual analysis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6265/the-construction-of-healthy-bodies-in-us-and-china-a-comparative-analysis-of-womens-health-and-trends-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3968</span> Ethnographic Studies of the Choreographic Exploration Unveiling the Black Caribbean Female Body</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elle%20Nielsen">Elle Nielsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Festival time on the island of St. Croix is an annual celebration of a melting pot of rich culture and heritage. All your senses are amplified by the colorful bodies that paint the streets with swaying hips commemorating the ancestors who didn’t have the voice to express themselves, let alone the bodily authority through movement. Within this atmosphere of jubilee, you will become a witness to how the melodies of Calypso and Soca music take full control of the body. As a result, the waist and hips in a trance follow the polyrhythmic patterns birthing the shunned movement practices of whining and wukkin up. Spectators on the sidelines of the festival events will either frown upon this spectacle of the whining bodies or gaze in awe at the performative history in a public space. The historical value of the Caribbean Carnival is being defaced by the transnational spectatorship using body politics to push more of a Eurocentric-influenced atmosphere. The themes within this investigation are the stereotypes of over-sexualization and resistance to assimilation to how black female bodies are being viewed in Carnival. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20equity" title="women equity">women equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=West%20Indian%20movement%20vocabulary" title=" West Indian movement vocabulary"> West Indian movement vocabulary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20dance%20studies" title=" critical dance studies"> critical dance studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanitarianism%20in%20dance%20academia" title=" humanitarianism in dance academia"> humanitarianism in dance academia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157243/ethnographic-studies-of-the-choreographic-exploration-unveiling-the-black-caribbean-female-body" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3967</span> The Prostitute’s Body in Diasporic Space: Sexualized China and Chineseness in Yu Dafu’s Sinking and Yan Geling’s The Lost Daughter of Happiness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haizhi%20Wu">Haizhi Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sexualization brings together the interdependent experiences of prostitution and diaspora, establishing a masculine structure where a female’s body mediates the hegemony and sexuality of men from different races. Between eroticism and homesickness, writers of the Chinese diaspora develop sensual approaches to reflect on the diasporic experience and sexual frustration. Noticeably, Yu Dafu in Sinking and Yan Geling in The Lost Daughter of Happiness both take an interest in sexual encounters between an immature teen client and an erotically powerful prostitute in Japan or America, both countries considered colonizers in Chinese history. Both are utilizing the metaphor of body-space interplay to hint at the out-of-text transnational interactions, two writers, however, present distinct understandings of their bond with history and memory of the semi-colonial, semi-feudal China. Examining prostitutes’ bodies in multi-layer diasporic spaces, the central analysis of this essay works on the sexual, colonial, and historical representations of this bodily symbol and the prostitution’s engagement in negotiating with diaspora and “Chineseness”. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chineseness" title="Chineseness">Chineseness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diasporic%20spaces" title=" diasporic spaces"> diasporic spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostitutes%E2%80%99%20bodies" title=" prostitutes’ bodies"> prostitutes’ bodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexualization" title=" sexualization"> sexualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147847/the-prostitutes-body-in-diasporic-space-sexualized-china-and-chineseness-in-yu-dafus-sinking-and-yan-gelings-the-lost-daughter-of-happiness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3966</span> Black Bodies Matter: The Contemporary Manifestation of Saartjie Baartman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rokeshia%20Renn%C3%A9%20Ashley">Rokeshia Renné Ashley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of historical figure Saartjie 'Sara/Sarah' Baartman from a cross cultural perspective of black women in the United States and black women in South Africa. Semi-structured interviews (n = 30) uncover that many women in both countries did not have an accurate representation, recollection, or have been exposed to the story of Baartman. Nonetheless, those who were familiar with Baartman’s story, those participants compared her to modern examples of black women who are showcased in a contemporary familiarity. The women are described by participants as women who reveal their bodies in a sexualized manner and have the curves that are similar to Baartman’s historic figure. This comparison emphasized a connection to popular images of black women who represent the curvaceous ideal. Findings contribute to social comparison theory by providing a lens for examining black women’s body image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20women" title="black women">black women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20modification" title=" body modification"> body modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77461/black-bodies-matter-the-contemporary-manifestation-of-saartjie-baartman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3965</span> Faceless Women: The Blurred Image of Women in Film on and Off-Screen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Sofia%20Torres%20Pereira">Ana Sofia Torres Pereira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Till this day, women have been underrepresented and stereotyped both in TV and Cinema Screens all around the World. While women have been gaining a different status and finding their own voice in the work place and in society, what we see on-screen is still something different, something gender biased, something that does not show the multifaceted identities a woman might have. But why is this so? Why are we stuck on this shallow vision of women on-screen? According to several cinema industry studies, most film screenwriters in Hollywood are men. Women actually represent a very low percentage of screenwriters. So why is this relevant? Could the underrepresentation of women screenwriters in Hollywood be affecting the way women are written, and as a result, are depicted in film? Films are about stories, about people, and if these stories are continuously told through a man’s gaze, is that helping in the creation of a gender imbalance towards women? On the other hand, one of the reasons given for the low percentage of women screenwriters is: women are said to be better at writing specific genres, like dramas and comedies, and not as good writing thrillers and action films, so, as women seem to be limited in the genres they can write, they are undervalued and underrepresented as screenwriters. It seems the gender bias and stereotype isn’t saved exclusively for women on-screen, but also off-screen and behind the screen. So film appears to be a men’s world, on and off-screen, and since men seem to write the majority of scripts, it might be no wonder that women have been written in a specific way and depicted in a specific way on-screen. Also, since films are a mass communication medium, maybe this over-sexualization and stereotyping on-screen is indoctrinating our society into believing this bias is alive and well, and thus targeting women off-screen as well (ergo, screenwriters). What about at the very begging of film? In the Silent Movies and Early Talkies era, women dominated the screenwriting industry. They wrote every genre, and the majority of scripts were written by women, not men. So what about then? How were women depicted in films then? Did women screenwriters, in an era that was still very harsh on women, use their stories and their power to break stereotypes and show women in a different light, or did they carry on with the stereotype, did they continue it and standardize it? This papers aims to understand how important it is to have more working women screenwriters in order to break stereotypes regarding the image of women on and off-screen. How much can a screenwriter (male or female) influence our gaze on women (on and off-screen)? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cinema" title="cinema">cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20bias" title=" gender bias"> gender bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotype" title=" stereotype"> stereotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20on-screen" title=" women on-screen"> women on-screen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20screenwriters" title=" women screenwriters"> women screenwriters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30065/faceless-women-the-blurred-image-of-women-in-film-on-and-off-screen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3964</span> Beauty Representation and Body Politic of Women Writers in Magdalene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Putri%20Alya%20Ramadhani">Putri Alya Ramadhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research analysed how women writers represent their beauty in a platform called Magdalene. With the vision “Supporting diversity, empowering minds,” Magdalene is a new media that seeks to represent women's voices rarely heard in mainstream media. This research elaborates further on how women writers, through their writing, use their body politic to subvert patriarchal values. This research used a qualitative method with an explorative design by using text analysis based on the representation theory of Stuart Hall and in-dept-interview with Women Writers in Magdalene. The result illustrated that women writers represent their beauty in Magdalene to subvert body and beauty-representation in mainstream discourse. Furthermore, the authors have identified an identity negotiation as tension from inevitable oppression and power towards and from women’s bodies. In addition, Women Writers showed the power of their bodies through the redefinition of beauty practices and self. Hence, they subvert body dichotomy to redefine body values in society. In conclusion, this study shows various representations of beauty and body that are underrepresented in the mainstream media through the innovative new medium, Magdalena. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20writers" title="women writers">women writers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beauty-representation" title=" beauty-representation"> beauty-representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20politic" title=" body politic"> body politic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20media" title=" new media"> new media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20negotiation" title=" identity negotiation"> identity negotiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140948/beauty-representation-and-body-politic-of-women-writers-in-magdalene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3963</span> Formal Institutions and Women's Electoral Participation in Four European Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophia%20Francesca%20D.%20Lu">Sophia Francesca D. Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research tried to produce evidence that formal institutions, such as electoral and internal party quotas, can advance women’s active roles in the public sphere using the cases of four European countries: Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. The quantitative dataset was provided by the University of Chicago and the Inter-University Consortium of Political and Social Research based on a two-year study (2008-2010) of political parties. Belgium engages in constitutionally mandated electoral quotas. Germany, Italy and the Netherlands, on the other hand, have internal party quotas, which are voluntarily adopted by political parties. In analyzing each country’s chi-square and Pearson’s r correlation, Belgium, having an electoral quota, is the only country that was analyzed for electoral quotas. Germany, Italy and the Netherlands’ internal voluntary party quotas were correlated with women’s descriptive representations. Using chi-square analysis, this study showed that the presence of electoral quotas is correlated with an increase in the percentage of women in decision-making bodies as well as with an increase in the percentage of women in decision-making bodies. Likewise, using correlational analysis, a higher number of political parties employing internal party voluntary quotas is correlated with an increase in the percentage of women occupying seats in parliament as well as an increase in the percentage of women nominees in electoral lists of political parties. In conclusion, gender quotas, such as electoral quotas or internal party quotas, are an effective policy tool for greater women’s representation in political bodies. Political parties and governments should opt to have gender quotas, whether electoral or internal party quotas, to address the underrepresentation of women in parliament, decision-making bodies, and policy-formulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electoral%20quota" title="electoral quota">electoral quota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Europe" title=" Europe"> Europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20institutions" title=" formal institutions"> formal institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20feminism" title=" institutional feminism"> institutional feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20party%20quota" title=" internal party quota"> internal party quota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%E2%80%99s%20electoral%20participation" title=" women’s electoral participation"> women’s electoral participation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33957/formal-institutions-and-womens-electoral-participation-in-four-european-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3962</span> Sacred Spaces, Scarred Bodies: Understanding Forms of and Meanings Associated with Female Circumcision amongst Somali Women in Johannesburg</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Jinnah">Z. Jinnah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International migration is associated with a disruption of social environments and social control. At the same time, the reproduction of cultural and social norms in the Diaspora provides a space for the (re)negotiation of gender roles, rights, and practices. This paper explores the relationship between mobility and the practice of female circumcision amongst Somalis in Johannesburg. Based on 4 years of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper explores the social determinants of cultural norms and practices, the linkages between class and tradition, and argues that the new social environment in South Africa conditions the ways in which Somali women relate to their bodies, and therefore understand the meanings associated with and practices of female circumcision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somali%20women" title=" Somali women"> Somali women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20circumcision" title=" female circumcision"> female circumcision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannesburg" title=" Johannesburg"> Johannesburg</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9100/sacred-spaces-scarred-bodies-understanding-forms-of-and-meanings-associated-with-female-circumcision-amongst-somali-women-in-johannesburg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3961</span> Exploring Women’S Leadership in China’S Sport National Governing Bodies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Zheng">Han Zheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is being conducted to explore women's leadership in China's National Governing Bodies ( in order to identify the barriers to women's leadership and provide feasible solutions. Extensive research has been undertaken internationally, which has identified and acknowledged the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions across multiple industries and global contexts. According to these studies, leadership specifically within the sports industry was both historically and is still currently male-dominated. Within China, the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions is also evident, which women only occupy 16% of the leadership in business enterprises and 5.6% in scientific and technological research institutions, yet there is limited research that has looked to examine why this is the case regarding women's leadership in China, especially within in sports industry. Therefore, this research gap drives the purpose, which aims to explore the current situation of women's leadership in sports National Governing Bodies (NGBs) in China. By using both questionnaires and interviews, data from NGBs in China will be collected. This research will achieve the following three goals: 1, determine the representation level of women's leadership in the target organizations. 2, identify barriers to women's leadership and their causes. 3, provide feasible solutions. Based on the multi-level framework, this study develops a "barrier matrix" framework: according to the analysis of the previous literature, it concludes that there are eight main barriers that hinder the development of women's leadership. The research combines qualitative and quantitative analysis, using questionnaires and interviews. Key findings according to the analysis of the primary data collected: 1. The average proportion of female occupational leadership in China's sports NGBs is less than 17.5%. 2. 50.8% of China's sports NGBs have no equal employment opportunity policy. 3. According to the preliminary qualitative analysis of the interviews, it is found that the core barriers affecting women's leadership development are mainly in the following areas: male-dominated culture and gender stereotyping (macro-level), biased organizational policies and procedures (meso-level), work-family conflicts and self-limiting behaviors (micro-level). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20leadership" title="women leadership">women leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20management" title=" sport management"> sport management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20equality" title=" gender equality"> gender equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20leadership" title=" sport leadership"> sport leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20NGBs" title=" sport NGBs"> sport NGBs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138489/exploring-womens-leadership-in-chinas-sport-national-governing-bodies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3960</span> Post-Conflict; The Shift of Social Values of Women in Aceh Indonesia Islamic Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairul%20Hasni">Khairul Hasni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the cessation of hostilities was signed by Aceh's longstanding adversaries (the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) in August 2005. The Government of Indonesia has given the autonomy to Aceh Province of Indonesia, the Law Number 11 of 2006 the authority of the Aceh government to the implementation of the Islamic Sharia. The implementation of Islamic Sharia, Aceh can be a role model of Islam that glorifies women, the implementation of Islamic law in Aceh when enacted and got legality because it supported the socio-cultural and historical community. The value of the value of women's lives is shifted under the pressure of applying Islamic law, with this argument, the importance of justice and equality of policy enforcement in women's lives. Based on interviews conducted in 2016 and 2017 with women's activists, government officials, women non-governmental organizations in Aceh, this paper finds that there is lack of gender balance because of the many problems involving women in the enactment of regional regulations and control policies on women's bodies. The research points to ensure the implementation of Islamic Sharia practitioners have only directed to women and discrimination against women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title="women">women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20law" title=" Islamic law"> Islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social" title=" social"> social</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84552/post-conflict-the-shift-of-social-values-of-women-in-aceh-indonesia-islamic-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3959</span> Bodies in Transit: The African Woman and Migration Ordeals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okikiola%20Olusanu">Okikiola Olusanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The us/other relationship between the colonizer and the colonized, which continues to inform the oppression of Africans and highlights the intersectional oppression of postcolonial African women because of the colonialization of the identity of African women, inspired this poem. It reflects 'the body' and the 'embodied' as it journeys through the constructed distance between the white feminine body and colonized bodies in the context of travel. Through vivid imagery, repetition, and powerful language, this poem analyzes the effect of otherness on African women as they struggle with their internalized otherness and a poor sense of belonging, which hinges on the politics of difference which makes it impossible to complement the sameness of another within the liminal space of transition. This poem examines the discourse on the complexities of migration for the African woman by critically examining bodies, space, mobility, and how they interact. Our focus is on their relationship and how it affects African women's place and pace when moving to and through the First World. Through literary and feminist perspectives, this study aims to represent the portrait of the African woman and to decolonize the concept of border. It seeks to address the uniqueness of the African woman’s body, not as the same or different, but as distinct and wholesome to foster fairness, friendship, belonging, and equity in travel. To develop our argument and to establish our findings, we look at the dynamics of the oppression of the postcolonial African woman's body and her resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body" title="body">body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20woman" title=" African woman"> African woman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decolonization" title=" decolonization"> decolonization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192565/bodies-in-transit-the-african-woman-and-migration-ordeals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3958</span> Negotiating Autonomy in Women’s Political Participation: The Case of Elected Women’s Representatives from Jharkhand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeshwari%20Balasubramanian">Rajeshwari Balasubramanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margit%20Van%20Wessel"> Margit Van Wessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandini%20Deo"> Nandini Deo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The participation of women in local bodies witnessed a rise after the implementation of 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Indian Constitution which created quotas for women representatives. However, even when participation increased, it did not translate into meaningful contributions by women in local bodies. This led some civil society organisations (CSOs) to begin working with women panchayat representatives in various states to build their capacity for political participation. The focus of this paper is to study capacity building training by CSOs in Jharkhand. The paper maps how the training helps women elected representatives to negotiate their autonomy at multiple levels. The paper describes the capacity building program conducted by an international feminist organisation along with its seven local partners in Jharkhand. The central question that the study asks is: How does capacity building training by CSOs in Jharkhand impact the autonomy of elected women representatives? It uses a qualitative research methodology based on empirical data gathered through field visits in four districts of Jharkhand (Chatra, Hazaribagh, East Singhbum and Ranchi) where the program was implemented for three years. The study found that women elected representatives had to develop strategies to negotiate their choice to move out of their homes and attend the training conducted by CSOs. The ability to participate in the training programs itself was a significant achievement of personal autonomy for many women. The training provided them a platform to voice their opinion and appreciate their own value as panchayat leaders. This realization allowed them to negotiate their presence and a space for themselves in Gram panchayats. A Foucauldian approach to analyze capacity building workshops might lead us to see them as systems in which CSOs impose a form of governmentality on rural elected representatives. Instead, what we see here is a much more complex negotiation of agency in which the CSO creates spaces and practices that allow women to achieve their own forms of autonomy. The study concludes that the impact of the training on the autonomy of these women is based on their everyday negotiations of time, space and mobility. Autonomy for these elected women representatives is also contextual and relative, as they seem to realize it during the training process. The training allows the women to not only negotiate their participation in panchayats but also challenge everyday practices that are rooted in patriarchy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomy" title="autonomy">autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminist%20organization" title=" feminist organization"> feminist organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20bodies" title=" local bodies"> local bodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20participation" title=" political participation"> political participation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103770/negotiating-autonomy-in-womens-political-participation-the-case-of-elected-womens-representatives-from-jharkhand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3957</span> Developing Mathematical Relationships to Evaluate the Amount of Added Ease to the Basic Pattern of Weft Knitting Fabrics and Its Fitting to the Upper Part of Egyptian Women's Bodies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hebatullah%20Ali%20Abdel-Aleem%20Abdel-Hamid">Hebatullah Ali Abdel-Aleem Abdel-Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camellia%20Mousa%20Mohamed%20Elzean"> Camellia Mousa Mohamed Elzean</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knitted garments recently became a key component in wardrobes of the Egyptian woman. Many Egyptian women depend on garments made of knitted fabrics in their outer appearance because of its specific properties including flexibility. Through observation and application, it was noticed that knitwear blocks that used for knitted fabrics somehow does not fit the figures of the Egyptian women. Moreover, the pattern makers are usually confused and unable to choose the suitable blocks for different knitting fabrics taking into consideration its physical and mechanical properties. This study seeks to develop mathematical relationships for evaluation of the amount of added- or subtracted ease to Aldrich’s basic fitting blocks for some weft knitting fabrics and its fitting to the upper part of Egyptian women's bodies. To achieve this goal, 12 samples were used to evaluate fitting of Aldrich’s Basic Fitting Block to the upper part of Egyptian women's bodies. The samples were evaluated before and after alterations, through wear trials on the standard mannequins of size 48 and 56, and judged by experienced assessors using fit evaluation scale. The data obtained were statistically analyzed to identify the efficiency of the adjustments. The Aldrich’s Basic Fitting Block was selected because his method is known internationally and easy to use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldrich%20basic%20fitting%20block" title="Aldrich basic fitting block">Aldrich basic fitting block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clothing%20industry" title=" clothing industry"> clothing industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knitted%20fabrics" title=" knitted fabrics"> knitted fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20construction" title=" pattern construction"> pattern construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73581/developing-mathematical-relationships-to-evaluate-the-amount-of-added-ease-to-the-basic-pattern-of-weft-knitting-fabrics-and-its-fitting-to-the-upper-part-of-egyptian-womens-bodies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3956</span> Female Victimization and Capitalist Patriarchy in Literature: An Eco-Feminist Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uzma%20Imtiaz">Uzma Imtiaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ecological feminism adheres to the basic philosophy that patriarchy is the wellspring of natural and gender domination. It explores the relationship between women and nature in a patriarchal society. Eco-feminism argues that women and nature have an intrinsic association and exploitation of women is the exploitation of nature itself. It further views the world as a holistic institution that offers equal opportunities for men and women. Eco-feminism rejects male domination in a patriarchal society where men and women do not get equal rights to survival. Furthermore, it investigates modern capitalist practices that exert unjust male dominance over nature and women. Cultural eco-feminist theorists argue that industrialization and modern science are male-centered and exhibit male chauvinistic views in attempts to control females’ ability to reproduce. This research intends to analyze an eco-feminist novel by Laila Halaby from the eco-feminism theoretical framework of Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva. The feminist dystopian novel throws light on the double-faced processes of capitalism and housewifization that destroy the autonomy of women over their bodies and life. Moreover, this study aims to highlight the unjust capitalistic processes and policies that turn other countries and women into colonies to exploit them by white men in the name of progress and civilization. The novel brings the patriarchal ways of dominance over women into question. This research paper concludes that women and men should get equal opportunities to survive in society, and women should have given rights over their bodies to decide their future. The research is qualitative in nature, so the method of close reading is selected to analyze the hypodermic effect of patriarchy in society. This study is valuable in highlighting the exploitative ways of men to subjugate women and nature and helps to give awareness to women against gender exploitation in society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housewifization" title="housewifization">housewifization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploitation" title=" exploitation"> exploitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capitalist%20patriarchy" title=" capitalist patriarchy"> capitalist patriarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20victimization" title=" female victimization"> female victimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162620/female-victimization-and-capitalist-patriarchy-in-literature-an-eco-feminist-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3955</span> Exploring Women's Embodied Experiences of 'the Gaze' in Fitness Cultures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amy%20Clark">Amy Clark</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To date, the focus of feminist research surrounding men looking at women, with the analysis of how women make sense of looks between women remains limited and scattered. Drawing upon ethnographic data obtained from an on-going research project, this presentation delves into the embodied experiences of female exercisers within a UK ‘working-class’ gym. By exploring the women’s own accounts of their living, breathing and sensing bodies as they exercise, the researcher attempts to understand how they make sense of the gym space, their embodied selves as well as broader constructions of the gendered body. Utilising a feminist phenomenological approach, this research examines the social-structural position of women in a patriarchal system of gender relations, whilst simultaneously acknowledging and analysing the structural, cultural, and historical forces and location, upon individual lived body experiences and gendered embodiment. The discussion is provided on how the gym can be identified as a sexually objectifying environment, and how women make sense and interpret specific ‘gazes’ encountered within the gym. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodiment" title="embodiment">embodiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminism" title=" feminism"> feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gazes" title=" gazes"> gazes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociology" title=" sociology"> sociology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63670/exploring-womens-embodied-experiences-of-the-gaze-in-fitness-cultures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3954</span> A Three Step Approach Analysis of the Portrayal of Images of Women in Three Ghanaian Newspapers: Newsone, Ebony and the Mirror </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20K.%20Bonsu-Owu">H. K. Bonsu-Owu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Media portrayal of women in traditional stereotypical roles such as mothers, or seductress has been the norm for years. However, the changing socioeconomic and political environment and advancement of women in today’s society have given rise to questions on the appropriate portrayal of women in the media today. The purpose of the study is to analyze the portrayal of women in Ghanaian newspapers and find women’s perception on the issue. The study uses a three step approach in gathering data for analysis. Using the stratified sampling method, it analyzes front page images of women from 210 issues of the selected newspapers. Further, it administers questionnaires to 100 female students to find out how they relate to the images of women in the selected newspapers. Finally, editors of the newspapers are interviewed to find their rational for portraying women as seen on their front pages. The findings suggest that the newspapers portray women for varied reasons such as promoting sales and influencing the public agenda. Further, the female students claim that in spite of women’s vast contribution to the growth of society, the media continue to marginalize them. They add that such portrayals promote and reinforce social construct, however, refuse to see themselves through the male gaze concept. The study concludes that the stereotyped portrayal of women is likely to continue if the government, regulatory bodies, the media and society do not make a conscious effort to address this problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title="women">women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newspaper" title=" newspaper"> newspaper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portrayal" title=" portrayal"> portrayal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20construct" title=" social construct"> social construct</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98943/a-three-step-approach-analysis-of-the-portrayal-of-images-of-women-in-three-ghanaian-newspapers-newsone-ebony-and-the-mirror" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3953</span> Becoming a Shakti: An Analysis of Western Women's Experiences of Tantra Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Jones">Caroline Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research over the last decade suggests that there have been distinct changes in both women’s sexual behaviour and attitudes towards female sexuality in the UK. Areas such as discussing sex, participating in sexual activity outside of traditional monogamous relationships, and engaging in boudoir photography have all been explored by researchers. Women’s participation in tantric practices, however, is a relatively unexplored area of sexuality, despite an increasing number of Tantra schools opening in the UK. Tantra is a practice in which women are considered to have a higher consciousness than men, where the sexual role of women is deemed to be very different to a traditional Western sexually passive role. This research looks at this area, and is based on in-depth, semi-structured, thematically analysed interviews with women who have participated in tantric workshops and/or retreats across the country. The interviews investigate why women engage with such practices, what they feel they gain from the experience, and how shifting notions of appropriate sexual roles for women impact on their sexuality and life generally. While Tantra is still a minority activity in the UK, the findings shed light on not only these areas but also on women’s constructions of their sexuality, their relationships with their bodies and sexualities, and ways in which they express and engage with changing notions of female sexuality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexuality" title="sexuality">sexuality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tantra" title=" Tantra"> Tantra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakti" title=" Shakti"> Shakti</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75626/becoming-a-shakti-an-analysis-of-western-womens-experiences-of-tantra-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3952</span> Menopause Cultural Research: A Comparative Study of National and Diasporic Chinese Menopausal Women’s Perceptions and Lived Experience of Menopause</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yilin%20Wang">Yilin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayumi%20Goto"> Ayumi Goto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although most females will experience menopause due to social value habits of cultural factors, some Chinese women may lack the confidence to talk about the problems they are experiencing while going through menopause. Also, sometimes the inappropriateness of medical terminology leads to panic when women face the symptoms associated with menopause. On top of that, when women avoid discussing menopause as a topic, others are less likely to pay attention to the needs of menopausal women as their bodies change. This research will compare the experience of Chinese menopausal women and diasporic Chinese women's perceptions of menopause. A qualitative study will be conducted by collecting and analyzing experiences and perceptions to compare differences in women's perceptions of menopause, considering cultural and social factors. In addition, the study will gather information on the differences in the conceptualization of menopause between the Chinese and Canadian medical fields. Co-design sessions will be held to establish how to bring menopause to the attention of people other than women. Furthermore, a support network for menopause women will be created through these co-design sessions. It is hoped that this research will contribute to a proper understanding of menopause and provide support for Chinese women. This research is built upon feminist standpoint theory and inclusive design theory. The results of this study will be presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=menopause" title="menopause">menopause</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminist%20standpoint%20theory" title=" feminist standpoint theory"> feminist standpoint theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20national%20%26%20diasporic%20women" title=" Chinese national & diasporic women"> Chinese national & diasporic women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20design" title=" inclusive design"> inclusive design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155273/menopause-cultural-research-a-comparative-study-of-national-and-diasporic-chinese-menopausal-womens-perceptions-and-lived-experience-of-menopause" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3951</span> 'Wandering Uterus': An Analogy of Perception of Women in Hippocratic Corpus and Post-Modern Times</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Sharma">Ankita Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study proposes to review the perception of women in the Classical Age (500-336 BC) when Greek Philosophy was in bloom. It was observed that women had very few rights and were still under the control of men. One of the possible reasons for this exclusion was woman’s biology that had a huge influence on her being seen as inferior to men. The text ‘Hippocratic Corpus’ focuses on the biological construct of the female body in classical Greek science that perpetuated the idea of women as second-class citizens and were considered inherently weaker than men. The research highlights the significance of the text that was used to encourage women of that time to get married and produce children and how till today the perception remains the same. The Greek belief of need for confinement and control of 'wandering uterus' has led to superior understanding of men. The pivotal emphasis of this research is to women and their bodies that are depicted in a misogynistic way which paved the way for Hippocratic writers to influence the society’s attitude towards women in their writings. It is intended to draw attention to the prevailing cultural assumptions and preconceived notions about female anatomy that had a pervasive influence in the following centuries with its roots being in ancient science. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20Greek%20theory" title="classical Greek theory">classical Greek theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wandering%20womb" title=" wandering womb"> wandering womb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20ideology" title=" modern ideology"> modern ideology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81374/wandering-uterus-an-analogy-of-perception-of-women-in-hippocratic-corpus-and-post-modern-times" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3950</span> Feminist Revolution and the Quest for Women Emancipation in Public Life in Nigeria: The African Dimension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adekunle%20Saheed%20Ajisebiyawo">Adekunle Saheed Ajisebiyawo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christie%20Omoduwa%20Achime"> Christie Omoduwa Achime</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Nigerian society, women have very little or no involvement in the decision-making process and this is large because women are objectified as effective means of reproduction and provision of emotional support to the society. Despite the movements and awareness by international, national and local bodies to promote and encourage women's empowerment, there are still many factors daunting to the efforts of women in society. This paper examined the critical role of feminism in the quest for women's emancipation in public life. Guided by African feminism theory, this paper utilizes both historical and descriptive methods to examine these factors. The paper argues that gender bias in Nigeria's public life is often traced to the onset of colonialism in Nigeria. Thus the Western cultural notion of colonialism woven around male superiority is reflected in their relations with Nigerians. The study outlines how women have strategized pathways through patriarchal structures by deploying their femininity. The paper concludes that women are strong, courageous, natural leaders and indeed have a major strategic role to play in public life; thus, women's movements and groups remain an important and necessary means of social cohesion and strength, especially in a country such as Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20feminism" title="African feminism">African feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic%20governance" title=" democratic governance"> democratic governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminism" title=" feminism"> feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patriarchy" title=" patriarchy"> patriarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20emancipation." title=" women emancipation."> women emancipation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165613/feminist-revolution-and-the-quest-for-women-emancipation-in-public-life-in-nigeria-the-african-dimension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3949</span> The Impact of Breast Cancer Diagnosis on Omani Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Al-Awaisi">H. Al-Awaisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Al-Azri"> M. H. Al-Azri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Al-Rasbi"> S. Al-Rasbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Al-Moundhri"> M. Al-Moundhri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females worldwide. It is also the most common cancer among females in Oman with 100 new breast cancer cases diagnosed every year. It has been found that breast cancer have a devastating effect on women’s life. Women diagnosed with breast cancer might develop negative attitudes towards the illness and their bodies. They might also suffer from psychological ailments such as depression. Despite the evidence on the impact of breast cancer diagnosis on women, there was no study found to explore the impact of breast cancer diagnosis among women in Oman. A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted to explore the impact of breast cancer diagnosis on Omani women. Data was collected through semi-structured individual interviews with 11 Omani women diagnosed with breast cancer. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data were analyzed thematically. From the data, there are four main themes identified in relation to the impact of cancer diagnosis on Omani women. These are 'shock and disbelieve', 'a death sentence', “uncertain future” and “social stigma”. At the time of interviews, all participants had advanced breast cancer with some participants having metastatic disease. The impact of the word “cancer” had a profound and catastrophic effect on the women and their close relatives. In conclusion, breast cancer diagnosis was shocking and mainly perceived as a death sentence by Omani women with uncertain future and social stigma. Regardless of age, maternal status and education level, it is evident that Omani women participated in this study lacked awareness about breast cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping" title=" coping"> coping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oman" title=" Oman"> Oman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8037/the-impact-of-breast-cancer-diagnosis-on-omani-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3948</span> From Pink to Ink: Understanding the Decision-Making Process of Post-mastectomy Women Who Have Covered Their Scars with Decorative Tattoos</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernanda%20Rodriguez">Fernanda Rodriguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer is pervasive among women, and an increasing number of women are opting for a mastectomy: a medical operation in which one or both breasts are removed with the intention of treating or averting breast cancer. However, there is an emerging population of cancer survivors in European nations that, rather than attempting to reconstruct their breasts to resemble as much as possible ‘normal’ breasts, have turned to dress their scars with decorative tattoos. At a practical level, this study hopes to improve the support systems of these women by possibly providing professionals in the medical field, tattoo artists, and family members of cancer survivors with a deeper understanding of their motivations and decision-making processes for choosing an alternative restorative route - such as decorative tattoos - after their mastectomy. At an intellectual level, however, this study aims to narrow a gap in the academic field concerning the relationship between mastectomies and alternative methods of healing, such as decorative tattoos, as well as to broaden the understanding regarding meaning-making and the ‘normal’ feminine body. Thus, by means of semi-structured interviews and a phenomenological standpoint, this research set itself the goal to understand why do women who have undergone a mastectomy choose to dress their scars with decorative tattoos instead of attempting to regain ‘normalcy’ through breast reconstruction or 3D areola tattoos? The results obtained from the interviews with fifteen women showed that the disillusionment with one part of the other of breast restoration techniques had led these women to find an alternative form of healing that allows them not only to close a painful chapter of their life but also to regain control over their bodies after a period of time in which agency was taking away from them. Decorative post-mastectomy tattoos allow these women to grant their bodies with new meanings and produce their own interpretation of their feminine body and identity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20femininity" title="alternative femininity">alternative femininity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decorative%20mastectomy%20tattoos" title=" decorative mastectomy tattoos"> decorative mastectomy tattoos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20embodiment" title=" gender embodiment"> gender embodiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20stigmatization" title=" social stigmatization"> social stigmatization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127694/from-pink-to-ink-understanding-the-decision-making-process-of-post-mastectomy-women-who-have-covered-their-scars-with-decorative-tattoos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3947</span> The Monitoring of Surface Water Bodies from Tisa Catchment Area, Maramureş County in 2014</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriela-Andreea%20Despescu">Gabriela-Andreea Despescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C4%83d%C4%83lina%20Mavrodin"> Mădălina Mavrodin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gheorghe%20L%C4%83z%C4%83roiu"> Gheorghe Lăzăroiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nacu"> S. Nacu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20B%C4%83stina%C5%9F"> R. Băstinaş</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Monitoring of Surface Water Bodies (Rivers) from Tisa Catchment Area - Maramureş County in 2014. This study is focused on the monitoring and evaluation of river’s water bodies from Maramureş County, using the methodology associated with the EU Water Framework Directive 60/2000. Thus, in the first part are defined the theoretical terms of monitoring activities related to the water bodies’ quality and the specific features of those we can find in the studied area. There are presented the water bodies’ features, quality indicators and the monitoring frequencies for the rivers situated in the Tisa catchment area. The results have shown the actual ecological and chemical state of those water bodies, in relation with the standard values mentioned through the Water Framework Directive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title="monitoring">monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveillance" title=" surveillance"> surveillance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20bodies" title=" water bodies"> water bodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50140/the-monitoring-of-surface-water-bodies-from-tisa-catchment-area-maramures-county-in-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3946</span> Political Empowerment of Japanese Women: Roles and Strategies of Social Movements and Feminist Groups</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soliman%20Rosemary">Soliman Rosemary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the widespread movements towards democratization in most countries, women are still largely underrepresented at most levels of governments, especially in ministerial and other executive bodies. This paper is going to focus on the status quo of women political marginalization in Japan and the role social movements, feminist groups and campaigns play in raising the number of female politicians in administrative decision making process. The paper will raise some Japanese feminist groups such as ‘WIN WIN’ and ‘Q no Kai’ and other feminist groups as case studies. The study will help in furthering the understanding of women political empowerment in Japan and the strategies of contemporary social movements in raising the awareness of the importance of gender quota in the electoral system to be able to place new items on the political agenda that reflect and address women's gender-specific concerns, values and experiences, and providing new perspectives on mainstream political issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminist" title="feminist">feminist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20empowerment" title=" political empowerment"> political empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quota" title=" quota"> quota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20movements" title=" social movements"> social movements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63381/political-empowerment-of-japanese-women-roles-and-strategies-of-social-movements-and-feminist-groups" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3945</span> Exploring the Representations of the Moroccan Female Body on Social Media: YouTube as a Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadir%20Akrachi">Nadir Akrachi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> YouTube is one of the social media platforms that has gained popularity over the last decade. With the use of YouTube channels, young girls are able to post videos about their opinions of the ideal body and beauty and connect to their audience through likes, comments, and shares. In addition, it has become apparent that these young women associate their bodies with the ideal body image. They relate their body to the ideal body aspects that are produced by YouTubers, which causes differences between their body shape and the ideal body. Thus, this has led many researchers to explore whether these social media outlets are influencing the ways women look at their bodies and whether these social media associations cause a negative body image. The purpose of the study is to examine body image perceptions of Moroccan YouTubers. In other words, the study will explore the ways Moroccan YouTubers perceive their body and whether they follow a pattern of objectification or not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20image" title="body image">body image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation" title=" representation"> representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20body" title=" female body"> female body</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193128/exploring-the-representations-of-the-moroccan-female-body-on-social-media-youtube-as-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3944</span> Crime against Women behind Closed Doors in Indian Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Kumari%20Panda">Rasha Kumari Panda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The crime against women in closed door is an important burning issue in day to day life. Domestic violence has become daily part of women’s life. It affects the millions of the women throughout the India as it violates their human rights. Crime against women behind closed door is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women, discrimination against women moreover, when the world is approaching towards modernization, worse the condition of women and girls in our society. This paper examines how the rights of women are being violated and suggests the remedial measures to empower women. Powerlessness of women is the root cause of violence has been specifically addressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20violence" title="domestic violence">domestic violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cruelty" title=" cruelty"> cruelty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dowry" title=" dowry"> dowry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statutes" title=" statutes"> statutes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86592/crime-against-women-behind-closed-doors-in-indian-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3943</span> Gastric Foreign Bodies in Dogs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naglaa%20A.%20Abd%20Elkader">Naglaa A. Abd Elkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haithem%20A.%20Farghali"> Haithem A. Farghali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study carried out on fifteen clinical cases of different species of dogs which admitted to surgical clinic of veterinary medicine with different symptoms (Acute vomiting, hematemesis and anorexia). There was diagnostic march which including plain radiograph and endoscopic examination. Treatment was including surgical interference and endoscopic retrieval followed by medicinal treatment. This study was aimed the detection of different foreign bodies by the most suitable method according to the type of the foreign bodies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stomach" title="stomach">stomach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoscopy" title=" endoscopy"> endoscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20bodies" title=" foreign bodies"> foreign bodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dogs" title=" dogs"> dogs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48940/gastric-foreign-bodies-in-dogs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul 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