CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: ultra-high cycle fatigue</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: ultra-high cycle fatigue"> <meta name="keywords" content="ultra-high cycle fatigue"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="ultra-high cycle fatigue" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="ultra-high cycle fatigue"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 894</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: ultra-high cycle fatigue</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">894</span> Assessment of Ultra-High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of EN-GJL-250 Cast Iron Using Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saeedeh%20Bakhtiari">Saeedeh Bakhtiari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Johannes%20Depessemier"> Johannes Depessemier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stijn%20Hertel%C3%A9"> Stijn Hertelé</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wim%20De%20Waele"> Wim De Waele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High cycle fatigue comprising up to 10<sup>7</sup> load cycles has been the subject of many studies, and the behavior of many materials was recorded adequately in this regime. However, many applications involve larger numbers of load cycles during the lifetime of machine components. In this ultra-high cycle regime, other failure mechanisms play, and the concept of a fatigue endurance limit (assumed for materials such as steel) is often an oversimplification of reality. When machine component design demands a high geometrical complexity, cast iron grades become interesting candidate materials. Grey cast iron is known for its low cost, high compressive strength, and good damping properties. However, the ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of cast iron is poorly documented. The current work focuses on the ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of EN-GJL-250 (GG25) grey cast iron by developing an ultrasonic (20 kHz) fatigue testing system. Moreover, the testing machine is instrumented to measure the temperature and the displacement of  the specimen, and to control the temperature. The high resonance frequency allowed to assess the  behavior of the cast iron of interest within a matter of days for ultra-high numbers of cycles, and repeat the tests to quantify the natural scatter in fatigue resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GG25" title="GG25">GG25</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cast%20iron" title=" cast iron"> cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue" title=" ultra-high cycle fatigue"> ultra-high cycle fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultrasonic%20test." title=" ultrasonic test."> ultrasonic test.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/assessment-of-ultra-high-cycle-fatigue-behavior-of-en-gjl-250-cast-iron-using-ultrasonic-fatigue-testing-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">804</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">893</span> Simulation of Low Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Nickel-Based Alloy at Elevated Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harish%20Ramesh%20Babu">Harish Ramesh Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marco%20B%C3%B6cker"> Marco Böcker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mario%20Raddatz"> Mario Raddatz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sebastian%20Henkel"> Sebastian Henkel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Horst%20Biermann"> Horst Biermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Uwe%20Gampe"> Uwe Gampe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal power machines are subjected to cyclic loading conditions under elevated temperatures. At these extreme conditions, the durability of the components has a significant influence. The material mechanical behaviour has to be known in detail for a failsafe construction. For this study a nickel-based alloy is considered, the deformation and fatigue behaviour of the material is analysed under cyclic loading. A viscoplastic model is used for calculating the deformation behaviour as well as to simulate the rate-dependent and cyclic plasticity effects. Finally, the cyclic deformation results of the finite element simulations are compared with low cycle fatigue (LCF) experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Complex%20low%20cycle%20fatigue" title="Complex low cycle fatigue">Complex low cycle fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=elevated%20temperatures" title=" elevated temperatures"> elevated temperatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IN718" title=" IN718"> IN718</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=viscoplastic." title=" viscoplastic. "> viscoplastic. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/simulation-of-low-cycle-fatigue-behaviour-of-nickel-based-alloy-at-elevated-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">710</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">892</span> Fatigue Life Prediction on Steel Beam Bridges under Variable Amplitude Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20F.%20V.%20Montezuma">M. F. V. Montezuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20P.%20Deus"> E. P. Deus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20C.%20Carvalho"> M. C. Carvalho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Steel bridges are normally subjected to random loads with different traffic frequencies. They are structures with dynamic behavior and are subject to fatigue failure process, where the nucleation of a crack, growth and failure can occur. After locating and determining the size of an existing fault, it is important to predict the crack propagation and the convenient time for repair. Therefore, fracture mechanics and fatigue concepts are essential to the right approach to the problem. To study the fatigue crack growth, a computational code was developed by using the root mean square (RMS) and the cycle-by-cycle models. One observes the variable amplitude loading influence on the life structural prediction. Different loads histories and initial crack length were considered as input variables. Thus, it was evaluated the dispersion of results of the expected structural life choosing different initial parameters.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue%20crack%20propagation" title="Fatigue crack propagation">Fatigue crack propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=life%20prediction" title=" life prediction"> life prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=variable%20loadings" title=" variable loadings"> variable loadings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steel%20bridges." title=" steel bridges."> steel bridges.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/fatigue-life-prediction-on-steel-beam-bridges-under-variable-amplitude-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">891</span> Thermal Fatigue Behavior of 400 Series Ferritic Stainless Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seok%20Hong%20Min">Seok Hong Min</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, thermal fatigue properties of 400 series ferritic stainless steels have been evaluated in the temperature ranges of 200-800oC and 200-900oC. Systematic methods for control of temperatures within the predetermined range and measurement of load applied to specimens as a function of temperature during thermal cycles have been established. Thermal fatigue tests were conducted under fully constrained condition, where both ends of specimens were completely fixed. It has been revealed that load relaxation behavior at the temperatures of thermal cycle was closely related with the thermal fatigue property. Thermal fatigue resistance of 430J1L stainless steel is found to be superior to the other steels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ferritic%20stainless%20steel" title="Ferritic stainless steel">Ferritic stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=automotive%20exhaust" title=" automotive exhaust"> automotive exhaust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%0D%0Afatigue" title=" thermal fatigue"> thermal fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=load%20relaxation." title=" load relaxation."> load relaxation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/thermal-fatigue-behavior-of-400-series-ferritic-stainless-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">890</span> Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon">Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Continually increasing working temperature and growing need for greater efficiency and reliability of automotive exhaust require systematic investigation into the thermal fatigue properties especially of high temperature stainless steels. In this study, thermal fatigue properties of 300 series austenitic stainless steels have been evaluated in the temperature ranges of 200-800<sup>o</sup>C and 200-900<sup>o</sup>C. Systematic methods for control of temperatures within the predetermined range and measurement of load applied to specimens as a function of temperature during thermal cycles have been established. Thermal fatigue tests were conducted under fully constrained condition, where both ends of specimens were completely fixed. Load relaxation behavior at the temperatures of thermal cycle was closely related with the thermal fatigue property.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Austenitic%20stainless%20steel" title="Austenitic stainless steel">Austenitic stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=automotive%20exhaust" title=" automotive exhaust"> automotive exhaust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20fatigue" title=" thermal fatigue"> thermal fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=load%20relaxation." title=" load relaxation."> load relaxation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/thermal-fatigue-behavior-of-austenitic-stainless-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">889</span> Bi-Directional Evolutionary Topology Optimization Based on Critical Fatigue Constraint </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khodamorad%20Nabaki">Khodamorad Nabaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jianhu%20Shen"> Jianhu Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiaodong%20Huang"> Xiaodong Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper develops a method for considering the critical fatigue stress as a constraint in the Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) method. Our aim is to reach an optimal design in which high cycle fatigue failure does not occur for a specific life time. The critical fatigue stress is calculated based on modified Goodman criteria and used as a stress constraint in our topology optimization problem. Since fatigue generally does not occur for compressive stresses, we use the p-norm approach of the stress measurement that considers the highest tensile principal stress in each point as stress measure to calculate the sensitivity numbers. The BESO method has been extended to minimize volume an object subjected to the critical fatigue stress constraint. The optimization results are compared with the results from the compliance minimization problem which shows clearly the merits of our newly developed approach.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Topology%20optimization" title="Topology optimization">Topology optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BESO%20method" title=" BESO method"> BESO method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=p-norm" title=" p-norm"> p-norm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatigue%20constraint." title=" fatigue constraint. "> fatigue constraint. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/bi-directional-evolutionary-topology-optimization-based-on-critical-fatigue-constraint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1071</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">888</span> Influence of Silica Fume on Ultrahigh Performance Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vitoldas%20Vaitkevi%C4%8Dius">Vitoldas Vaitkevičius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Evaldas%20%C5%A0erelis"> Evaldas Šerelis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Silica fume, also known as microsilica (MS) or  condensed silica fume is a by-product of the production of silicon  metal or ferrosilicon alloys. Silica fume is one of the most effective  pozzolanic additives which could be used for ultrahigh performance  and other types of concrete. Despite the fact, however is not entirely  clear, which amount of silica fume is most optimal for UHPC. Main  objective of this experiment was to find optimal amount of silica  fume for UHPC with and without thermal treatment, when different  amount of quartz powder is substituted by silica fume. In this work  were investigated four different composition of UHPC with different  amount of silica fume. Silica fume were added 0, 10, 15 and 20% of  cement (by weight) to UHPC mixture. Optimal amount of silica fume  was determined by slump, viscosity, qualitative and quantitative  XRD analysis and compression strength tests methods.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Compressive%20strength" title="Compressive strength">Compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=silica%20fume" title=" silica fume"> silica fume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultrahigh%20%0D%0Aperformance%20concrete" title=" ultrahigh performance concrete"> ultrahigh performance concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=XRD." title=" XRD."> XRD.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/influence-of-silica-fume-on-ultrahigh-performance-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4607</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">887</span> Influence of Maximum Fatigue Load on Probabilistic Aspect of Fatigue Crack Propagation Life at Specified Grown Crack in Magnesium Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seon%20Soon%20Choi">Seon Soon Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The principal purpose of this paper is to find the influence of maximum fatigue load on the probabilistic aspect of fatigue crack propagation life at a specified grown crack in magnesium alloys. The experiments of fatigue crack propagation are carried out in laboratory air under different conditions of the maximum fatigue loads to obtain the fatigue crack propagation data for the statistical analysis. In order to analyze the probabilistic aspect of fatigue crack propagation life, the goodness-of fit test for probability distribution of the fatigue crack propagation life at a specified grown crack is implemented through Anderson-Darling test. The good probability distribution of the fatigue crack propagation life is also verified under the conditions of the maximum fatigue loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue%20crack%20propagation%20life" title="Fatigue crack propagation life">Fatigue crack propagation life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=magnesium%20alloys" title=" magnesium alloys"> magnesium alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=maximum%20fatigue%20load" title=" maximum fatigue load"> maximum fatigue load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=probability." title=" probability."> probability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/influence-of-maximum-fatigue-load-on-probabilistic-aspect-of-fatigue-crack-propagation-life-at-specified-grown-crack-in-magnesium-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">974</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">886</span> Reliability Analysis for Cyclic Fatigue Life Prediction in Railroad Bolt Hole </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hasan%20Keshavarzian">Hasan Keshavarzian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tayebeh%20Nesari"> Tayebeh Nesari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bolted rail joint is one of the most vulnerable areas in railway track. A comprehensive approach was developed for studying the reliability of fatigue crack initiation of railroad bolt hole under random axle loads and random material properties. The operation condition was also considered as stochastic variables. In order to obtain the comprehensive probability model of fatigue crack initiation life prediction in railroad bolt hole, we used FEM, response surface method (RSM), and reliability analysis. Combined energy-density based and critical plane based fatigue concept is used for the fatigue crack prediction. The dynamic loads were calculated according to the axle load, speed, and track properties. The results show that axle load is most sensitive parameter compared to Poisson’s ratio in fatigue crack initiation life. Also, the reliability index decreases slowly due to high cycle fatigue regime in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rail-wheel%20tribology" title="Rail-wheel tribology">Rail-wheel tribology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rolling%20contact%20mechanic" title=" rolling contact mechanic"> rolling contact mechanic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20element%20modeling" title=" finite element modeling"> finite element modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reliability%20analysis." title=" reliability analysis."> reliability analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/reliability-analysis-for-cyclic-fatigue-life-prediction-in-railroad-bolt-hole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">885</span> Fatigue Properties of Steel Sheets Treated by Nitrooxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Maronek">M. Maronek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Barta"> J. Barta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Palcek"> P. Palcek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Ulrich"> K. Ulrich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Low carbon deep drawing steel DC 01 according to EN 10130-91 was nitrooxidized in dissociated ammonia at 580°C/45 min and consequently oxidised at 380°C/5 min in vapour of distilled water. Material after nitrooxidation had 54 % increase of yield point, 34 % increase of strength and 10-times increased resistance to atmospheric corrosion in comparison to the material before nitrooxidation. The microstructure of treated material consisted of thin ε-phase layer connected to layer containing precipitated massive needle shaped Fe4N - γ' nitrides. This layer passed to a diffusion layer consisting of fine irregular shaped Fe16N2 - α'' nitrides regularly dispersed in ferritic matrix. Fatigue properties were examined under bending load with frequency of 20 kHz and sinusoidal symmetric cycle. The results confirmed positive influence of nitrooxidation on fatigue properties as fatigue limit of treated material was double in comparison to untreated material.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steel%20sheet" title="steel sheet">steel sheet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nitrooxidation" title=" nitrooxidation"> nitrooxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S-N%20diagram" title=" S-N diagram"> S-N diagram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/fatigue-properties-of-steel-sheets-treated-by-nitrooxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1722</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">884</span> Failure Analysis and Fatigue Life Estimation of a Shaft of a Rotary Draw Bending Machine </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Engel">B. Engel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sara%20Salman%20Hassan%20Al-Maeeni"> Sara Salman Hassan Al-Maeeni </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Human consumption of the Earth's resources increases the need for a sustainable development as an important ecological, social, and economic theme. Re-engineering of machine tools, in terms of design and failure analysis, is defined as steps performed on an obsolete machine to return it to a new machine with the warranty that matches the customer requirement. To understand the future fatigue behavior of the used machine components, it is important to investigate the possible causes of machine parts failure through design, surface, and material inspections. In this study, the failure modes of the shaft of the rotary draw bending machine are inspected. Furthermore, stress and deflection analysis of the shaft subjected to combined torsion and bending loads are carried out by an analytical method and compared with a finite element analysis method. The theoretical fatigue strength, correction factors, and fatigue life sustained by the shaft before damaged are estimated by creating a stress-cycle (S-N) diagram. In conclusion, it is seen that the shaft can work in the second life, but it needs some surface treatments to increase the reliability and fatigue life.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Failure%20analysis" title="Failure analysis">Failure analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatigue%20life" title=" fatigue life"> fatigue life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FEM%20analysis" title=" FEM analysis"> FEM analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shaft" title=" shaft"> shaft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stress%20analysis." title=" stress analysis."> stress analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/failure-analysis-and-fatigue-life-estimation-of-a-shaft-of-a-rotary-draw-bending-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">883</span> Multiaxial Fatigue Analysis of a High Performance Nickel-Based Superalloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Selva">P. Selva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Lorrain"> B. Lorrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Alexis"> J. Alexis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Seror"> A. Seror</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Longuet"> A. Longuet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Mary"> C. Mary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Denard"> F. Denard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Over the past four decades, the fatigue behavior of nickel-based alloys has been widely studied. However, in recent years, significant advances in the fabrication process leading to grain size reduction have been made in order to improve fatigue properties of aircraft turbine discs. Indeed, a change in particle size affects the initiation mode of fatigue cracks as well as the fatigue life of the material. The present study aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of a newly developed nickel-based superalloy under biaxial-planar loading. Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) tests are performed at different stress ratios so as to study the influence of the multiaxial stress state on the fatigue life of the material. Full-field displacement and strain measurements as well as crack initiation detection are obtained using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques. The aim of this presentation is first to provide an in-depth description of both the experimental set-up and protocol: the multiaxial testing machine, the specific design of the cruciform specimen and performances of the DIC code are introduced. Second, results for sixteen specimens related to different load ratios are presented. Crack detection, strain amplitude and number of cycles to crack initiation vs. triaxial stress ratio for each loading case are given. Third, from fractographic investigations by scanning electron microscopy it is found that the mechanism of fatigue crack initiation does not depend on the triaxial stress ratio and that most fatigue cracks initiate from subsurface carbides.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cruciform%20specimen" title="Cruciform specimen">Cruciform specimen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiaxial%20fatigue" title=" multiaxial fatigue"> multiaxial fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nickelbased%0D%0Asuperalloy." title=" Nickelbased superalloy."> Nickelbased superalloy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/multiaxial-fatigue-analysis-of-a-high-performance-nickel-based-superalloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000948.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">882</span> The Mechanical Response of a Composite Propellant under Harsh Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xin%20Tong">Xin Tong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jin-sheng%20Xu"> Jin-sheng Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiong%20Chen"> Xiong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ya%20Zheng"> Ya Zheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The aim of this paper is to study the mechanical properties of HTPB (Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) composite propellant under harsh conditions. It describes two tests involving uniaxial tensile tests of various strain rates (ranging from 0.0005 s<sup>-1</sup> to 1.5 s<sup>-1</sup>), temperatures (ranging from 223 K to 343 K) and high-cycle fatigue tests under low-temperature (223 K, frequencies were set at 50, 100, 150 Hz) using DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer). To highlight the effect of small pre-strain on fatigue properties of HTPB propellant, quasi-static stretching was carried out before fatigue loading, and uniaxial tensile tests at constant strain rates were successively applied. The results reveal that flow stress of propellant increases with reduction in temperature and rise in strain rate, and the strain rate-temperature equivalence relationship could be described by TTSP (time-temperature superposition principle) incorporating a modified WLF equation. Moreover, the rate of performance degradations and damage accumulation of propellant during fatigue tests increased with increasing strain amplitude and loading frequencies, while initial quasi-static loading has a negative effect on fatigue properties by comparing stress-strain relations after fatigue tests.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue" title="Fatigue">Fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HTPB%20propellant" title=" HTPB propellant"> HTPB propellant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tensile%20properties" title=" tensile properties"> tensile properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time-temperature%20superposition%20principle." title=" time-temperature superposition principle."> time-temperature superposition principle.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/the-mechanical-response-of-a-composite-propellant-under-harsh-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1067</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">881</span> Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation through Residual Stress Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Benachour">M. Benachour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Benachour"> N. Benachour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Benguediab"> M. Benguediab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper fatigue crack initiation and propagation in notched plate under constant amplitude loading through tensile residual stress field of 2024 T351 Al-alloy plate were investigated. Residual stress field was generated by plastic deformation using finite element method (FEM) where isotropic hardening in Von Mises model was applied. Simulation of fatigue behavior was made on AFGROW code. It was shown that the fatigue crack initiation and propagation were affected by level of residual stress filed. In this investigation, the presence of tensile residual stresses at notch (hole) reduces considerably the total fatigue life. It was shown that the decreasing in stress reduces the fatigue crack growth rates.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Residual%20stress" title="Residual stress">Residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatigue%20crack%20initiation" title=" fatigue crack initiation"> fatigue crack initiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatigue%20crack%20growth" title=" fatigue crack growth"> fatigue crack growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Al-alloy." title=" Al-alloy."> Al-alloy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/fatigue-crack-initiation-and-propagation-through-residual-stress-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2718</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">880</span> Effect of Load Ratio on Probability Distribution of Fatigue Crack Propagation Life in Magnesium Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seon%20Soon%20Choi">Seon Soon Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is necessary to predict a fatigue crack propagation life for estimation of structural integrity. Because of an uncertainty and a randomness of a structural behavior, it is also required to analyze stochastic characteristics of the fatigue crack propagation life at a specified fatigue crack size. The essential purpose of this study is to find the effect of load ratio on probability distribution of the fatigue crack propagation life at a specified grown crack size and to confirm the good probability distribution in magnesium alloys under various fatigue load ratio conditions. To investigate a stochastic crack growth behavior, fatigue crack propagation experiments are performed in laboratory air under several conditions of fatigue load ratio using AZ31. By Anderson-Darling test, a goodness-of-fit test for probability distribution of the fatigue crack propagation life is performed. The effect of load ratio on variability of fatigue crack propagation life is also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Load%20ratio" title="Load ratio">Load ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatigue%20crack%20propagation%20life" title=" fatigue crack propagation life"> fatigue crack propagation life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magnesium%20alloys" title=" Magnesium alloys"> Magnesium alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=probability%20distribution." title=" probability distribution."> probability distribution.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/effect-of-load-ratio-on-probability-distribution-of-fatigue-crack-propagation-life-in-magnesium-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1721</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">879</span> Fatigue Properties and Strength Degradation of Carbon Fibber Reinforced Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pasquale%20Verde">Pasquale Verde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Giuseppe%20Lamanna"> Giuseppe Lamanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A two-parameter fatigue model explicitly accounting for the cyclic as well as the mean stress was used to fit static and fatigue data available in literature concerning carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates subjected tension-tension fatigue. The model confirms the strength–life equal rank assumption and predicts reasonably the probability of failure under cyclic loading. The model parameters were found by best fitting procedures and required a minimum of experimental tests.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue%20life" title="Fatigue life">Fatigue life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=composites" title=" composites"> composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weibull%20distribution." title=" Weibull distribution."> Weibull distribution.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/fatigue-properties-and-strength-degradation-of-carbon-fibber-reinforced-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1989</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">878</span> Fatigue Failure of Structural Steel – Analysis Using Fracture Mechanics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shine%20U%20P">Shine U P</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EMS%20Nair"> EMS Nair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fatigue is the major threat in service of steel structure subjected to fluctuating loads. With the additional effect of corrosion and presence of weld joints the fatigue failure may become more critical in structural steel. One of the apt examples of such structural is the sailing ship. This is experiencing a constant stress due to floating and a pulsating bending load due to the waves. This paper describes an attempt to verify theory of fatigue in fracture mechanics approach with experimentation to determine the constants of crack growth curve. For this, specimen is prepared from the ship building steel and it is subjected to a pulsating bending load with a known defect. Fatigue crack and its nature is observed in this experiment. Application of fracture mechanics approach in fatigue with a simple practical experiment is conducted and constants of crack growth equation are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatigue" title="fatigue">fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fracture%20mechanics" title=" fracture mechanics"> fracture mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatigue%20testing%20machine" title=" fatigue testing machine"> fatigue testing machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/fatigue-failure-of-structural-steel-analysis-using-fracture-mechanics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">877</span> Effect of Mode Loading on FCRG Plate with Double Through Crack at Hole</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Benachour">M. Benachour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Benachour"> N. Benachour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Benguediab"> M. Benguediab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Hadjoui"> A. Hadjoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The knowledge of the nature of loading is very important in order to hold account on the total behavior such as vibration, shock, fatigue, etc. Fatigue present 90% of failure when loadings fatigues are very complex. In this paper a study of double through crack at hole for plate subjected to fatigue loading is presented. Various modes loading are studied where the applied load is the same one. The fatigue life is given where the effect of stress ratio is highlighted. This work is conducted on aluminum alloy 2024 T351 used for much aerospace and aeronautics applications. The fatigue crack growth behavior with constant amplitude is studied using the AFGROW code when Forman model is applied. The fatigue crack growth rate and fatigue life for different loading modes are compared with variation of others geometrical parameter such as thickness and dimensions of notch hole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue%20crack" title="Fatigue crack">Fatigue crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mode%20loading" title=" mode loading"> mode loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=aluminum%20alloy" title=" aluminum alloy"> aluminum alloy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/effect-of-mode-loading-on-fcrg-plate-with-double-through-crack-at-hole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">876</span> The Effect of Maximum Strain on Fatigue Life Prediction for Natural Rubber Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chang%20S.%20Woo">Chang S. Woo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyun%20S.%20Park"> Hyun S. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wan%20D.%20Kim"> Wan D. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fatigue life prediction and evaluation are the key technologies to assure the safety and reliability of automotive rubber components. The objective of this study is to develop the fatigue analysis process for vulcanized rubber components, which is applicable to predict fatigue life at initial product design step. Fatigue life prediction methodology of vulcanized natural rubber was proposed by incorporating the finite element analysis and fatigue damage parameter of maximum strain appearing at the critical location determined from fatigue test. In order to develop an appropriate fatigue damage parameter of the rubber material, a series of displacement controlled fatigue test was conducted using threedimensional dumbbell specimen with different levels of mean displacement. It was shown that the maximum strain was a proper damage parameter, taking the mean displacement effects into account. Nonlinear finite element analyses of three-dimensional dumbbell specimens were performed based on a hyper-elastic material model determined from the uni-axial tension, equi-biaxial tension and planar test. Fatigue analysis procedure employed in this study could be used approximately for the fatigue design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rubber" title="Rubber">Rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Material%20test" title=" Material test"> Material test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20element%20analysis" title=" Finite element analysis"> Finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Strain" title=" Strain"> Strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue%20test" title=" Fatigue test"> Fatigue test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue%20life%20prediction." title=" Fatigue life prediction."> Fatigue life prediction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/the-effect-of-maximum-strain-on-fatigue-life-prediction-for-natural-rubber-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4663</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">875</span> Effect of Electric Field Amplitude on Electrical Fatigue Behavior of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Kampoosiri">S. Kampoosiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Pojprapai"> S. Pojprapai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Yimnirunand"> R. Yimnirunand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Marungsri"> B. Marungsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fatigue behaviors of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) ceramics under different amplitude of bipolar electrical loads have been investigated. Fatigue behavior is represented by the change of hysteresis loops and remnant polarization. Three levels of electrical load amplitudes (1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 kV /mm) were applied in this experimental. It was found that the remnant polarization decreased significantly with the number of loading cycles. The degree of fatigue degradation depends on the amplitude of electric field. The higher amplitude exhibits the greater fatigue degradation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lead%20Zirconate%20Titanate%20%28PZT%29" title="Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)">Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hysteresis%20loop" title="hysteresis loop">hysteresis loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sawyer-Tower%20circuit" title=" Sawyer-Tower circuit"> Sawyer-Tower circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polarization." title=" polarization."> polarization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/effect-of-electric-field-amplitude-on-electrical-fatigue-behavior-of-lead-zirconate-titanate-ceramic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1897</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">874</span> Mechanical Characteristics on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Aluminium Plate </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Chellil">A. Chellil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Nour"> A. Nour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Lecheb"> S. Lecheb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Mechakra"> H. Mechakra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Addar"> L. Addar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Kebir"> H. Kebir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper present a mechanical characteristics on fatigue crack propagation in Aluminium Plate based on strain and stress distribution using the abaqus software. The changes in shear strain and stress distribution during the fatigue cycle with crack growth is identified. In progressive crack in the strain distribution and the stress is increase in the critical zone. Numerical Modal analysis of the model developed, prove that the Eigen frequencies of aluminium plate were decreased after cracking, and this reduce is nonlinear. These results can provide a reference for analysts and designers of aluminium alloys in aeronautical systems.</p> <p>Therefore, the modal analysis is an important factor for monitoring the aeronautic structures.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aluminium%20alloys" title="Aluminium alloys">Aluminium alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=plate" title=" plate"> plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=crack" title=" crack"> crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=failure." title=" failure. "> failure. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/mechanical-characteristics-on-fatigue-crack-propagation-in-aluminium-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">873</span> Structure-Phase States of Al-Si Alloy after Electron-Beam Treatment and Multicycle Fatigue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Krestina%20V.%20Alsaraeva">Krestina V. Alsaraeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Victor%20E.%20Gromov"> Victor E. Gromov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sergey%20V.%20Konovalov"> Sergey V. Konovalov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anna%20A.%20Atroshkina"> Anna A. Atroshkina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Processing of Al-19.4Si alloy by high intensive electron beam has been carried out and multiple increases in fatigue life of the material have been revealed. Investigations of structure and surface modified layer destruction of Al-19.4Si alloy subjected to multicycle fatigue tests to fracture have been carried out by methods of scanning electron microscopy. The factors responsible for the increase of fatigue life of Al-19.4Si alloy have been revealed and analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Al-19.4Si%20alloy" title="Al-19.4Si alloy">Al-19.4Si alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high%20intensive%20electron%20beam" title=" high intensive electron beam"> high intensive electron beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multicycle%20fatigue" title=" multicycle fatigue"> multicycle fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=structure." title=" structure."> structure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/structure-phase-states-of-al-si-alloy-after-electron-beam-treatment-and-multicycle-fatigue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2026</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">872</span> Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth of Aeronautical Aluminum Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Benachour">M. Benachour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Benguediab"> M. Benguediab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Hadjoui"> A. Hadjoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Benachour"> N. Benachour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper fatigue crack growth behavior of aeronautical aluminum alloy 2024 T351 was studied. Effects of various loading and geometrical parameters are studied such as stress ratio, amplitude loading, etc. The fatigue crack growth with constant amplitude is studied using the AFGROW code when NASGRO model is used. The effect of the stress ratio is highlighted, where one notices a shift of the curves of crack growth. The comparative study between two orientations L-T and T-L on fatigue behavior are presented and shows the variation on the fatigue life. L-T orientation presents a good fatigue crack growth resistance. Effects of crack closure are shown in Paris domain and that no crack closure phenomenons are present at high stress intensity factor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue%20crack" title="Fatigue crack">Fatigue crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=orientation%20effect" title=" orientation effect"> orientation effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=crack%20closure" title=" crack closure"> crack closure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=aluminum%20alloy." title="aluminum alloy.">aluminum alloy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/prediction-of-fatigue-crack-growth-of-aeronautical-aluminum-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">871</span> Fretting Fatigue behavior of Bolted Single Lap Joints of Aluminum Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hadi%20Rezghi%20Maleki">Hadi Rezghi Maleki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Babak%20Abazadeh"> Babak Abazadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, the effect of bolt clamping force on the fatigue behavior of bolted single lap joints of aluminum alloy 2024- T3 have been studied using numerical finite element method. To do so, a three dimensional model according to the bolted single lap joint has been created and numerical analysis has been carried out using finite element based package. Then the stress distribution and also the slip amplitudes have been calculated in the critical regions and the outcome have been compared with the available experimental fatigue tests results. The numerical results show that in low applied clamping force, the fatigue failure of the specimens occur around the stress concentration location (the bolted hole edge) due to the tensile stresses and thus fatigue crack propagation, but with increase of the clamping force, the fatigue life increases and the cracks nucleate and propagate far from the hole edge because of fretting fatigue. In other words, with the further increase of clamping force value of the joint, the fatigue life reduces due to occurrence of the fretting fatigue in the critical location where the slip amplitude is within its critical occurs earlier.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fretting%20fatigue" title="Fretting fatigue">Fretting fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bolted%20single%20lap%20joint" title=" bolted single lap joint"> bolted single lap joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=torque%20tightening" title=" torque tightening"> torque tightening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finite%20element%20method." title=" finite element method."> finite element method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/fretting-fatigue-behavior-of-bolted-single-lap-joints-of-aluminum-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">870</span> Vibration Induced Fatigue Assessment in Vehicle Development Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatih%20Kagnici">Fatih Kagnici</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Improvement in CAE methods has an important role for shortening of the vehicle product development time. It is provided that validation of the design and improvements in terms of durability can be done without hardware prototype production. In recent years, several different methods have been developed in order to investigate fatigue damage of the vehicle. The intended goal among these methods is prediction of fatigue damage in a short time with reduced costs. This study developed a new fatigue damage prediction method in the automotive sector using power spectrum densities of accelerations. This study also confirmed that the weak region in vehicle can be easily detected with the method developed in this study which results were compared with conventional method.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue%20damage" title="Fatigue damage">Fatigue damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20spectrum%20density" title=" Power spectrum density"> Power spectrum density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vibration%0D%0Ainduced%20fatigue" title=" Vibration induced fatigue"> Vibration induced fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vehicle%20development" title=" Vehicle development"> Vehicle development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/vibration-induced-fatigue-assessment-in-vehicle-development-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">869</span> Fatigue Crack Initiation of Al-Alloys “Effect of Heat Treatment Condition”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Benachour">M. Benachour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Benachour"> N. Benachour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Benguediab"> M. Benguediab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this investigation an empirical study was made on fatigue crack initiation on 7075 T6 and 7075 T71 Al-alloys under constant amplitude loading. In initiation stage, local strain approach at the notch was applied. Single Edge Notch Tensile specimen with semi circular notch is used. Based on experimental results, effect of mean stress, is highlights on fatigue initiation life. Results show that fatigue life initiation is affected by notch geometry and mean stress. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue%20crack%20initiation" title="Fatigue crack initiation">Fatigue crack initiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Al-Alloy" title=" Al-Alloy"> Al-Alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mean%20stress" title=" mean stress"> mean stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20treatment%20state." title=" heat treatment state. "> heat treatment state. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/fatigue-crack-initiation-of-al-alloys-effect-of-heat-treatment-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2970</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">868</span> Driver Fatigue State Recognition with Pixel Based Caveat Scheme Using Eye-Tracking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Thulasimani">K. Thulasimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20G.%20Srinivasagan"> K. G. Srinivasagan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Driver fatigue is an important factor in the increasing number of road accidents. Dynamic template matching method was proposed to address the problem of real-time driver fatigue detection system based on eye-tracking. An effective vision based approach was used to analyze the driver’s eye state to detect fatigue. The driver fatigue system consists of Face detection, Eye detection, Eye tracking, and Fatigue detection. Initially frames are captured from a color video in a car dashboard and transformed from RGB into YCbCr color space to detect the driver’s face. Canny edge operator was used to estimating the eye region and the locations of eyes are extracted. The extracted eyes were considered as a template matching for eye tracking. Edge Map Overlapping (EMO) and Edge Pixel Count (EPC) matching function were used for eye tracking which is used to improve the matching accuracy. The pixel of eyeball was tracked from the eye regions which are used to determine the fatigue state of the driver. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Driver%20fatigue%20detection" title="Driver fatigue detection">Driver fatigue detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Driving%20safety" title=" Driving safety"> Driving safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eye%0D%0Atracking" title=" Eye tracking"> Eye tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Intelligent%20transportation%20system" title=" Intelligent transportation system"> Intelligent transportation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Template%20matching." title=" Template matching."> Template matching.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/driver-fatigue-state-recognition-with-pixel-based-caveat-scheme-using-eye-tracking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1728</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">867</span> Effect of Welding Processes on Fatigue Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Joints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.S.Balasubramanian">T.S.Balasubramanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.Balasubramanian">V.Balasubramanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.A.Muthumanikkam"> M.A.Muthumanikkam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports the fatigue crack growth behaviour of gas tungsten arc, electron beam and laser beam welded Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Centre cracked tensile specimens were prepared to evaluate the fatigue crack growth behaviour. A 100kN servo hydraulic controlled fatigue testing machine was used under constant amplitude uniaxial tensile load (stress ratio of 0.1 and frequency of 10 Hz). Crack growth curves were plotted and crack growth parameters (exponent and intercept) were evaluated. Critical and threshold stress intensity factor ranges were also evaluated. Fatigue crack growth behaviour of welds was correlated with mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of welds. Of the three joints, the joint fabricated by laser beam welding exhibited higher fatigue crack growth resistance due to the presence of fine lamellar microstructure in the weld metal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue" title="Fatigue">Fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Non%20ferrous%20metals%20and%20alloys" title=" Non ferrous metals and alloys"> Non ferrous metals and alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=welding" title=" welding"> welding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/effect-of-welding-processes-on-fatigue-properties-of-ti-6al-4v-alloy-joints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">866</span> Scatter Analysis of Fatigue Life and Pore Size Data of Die-Cast AM60B Magnesium Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Mohd">S. Mohd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Mutoh"> Y. Mutoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Otsuka"> Y. Otsuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Miyashita"> Y. Miyashita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Koike"> T. Koike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Suzuki"> T. Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scatter behavior of fatigue life in die-cast AM60B alloy was investigated. For comparison, those in rolled AM60B alloy and die-cast A365-T5 aluminum alloy were also studied. Scatter behavior of pore size was also investigated to discuss dominant factors for fatigue life scatter in die-cast materials. Three-parameter Weibull function was suitable to explain the scatter behavior of both fatigue life and pore size. The scatter of fatigue life in die-cast AM60B alloy was almost comparable to that in die-cast A365-T5 alloy, while it was significantly large compared to that in the rolled AM60B alloy. Scatter behavior of pore size observed at fracture nucleation site on the fracture surface was comparable to that observed on the specimen cross-section and also to that of fatigue life. Therefore, the dominant factor for large scatter of fatigue life in die-cast alloys would be the large scatter of pore size. This speculation was confirmed by the fracture mechanics fatigue life prediction, where the pore observed at fatigue crack nucleation site was assumed as the pre-existing crack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatigue%20life" title="Fatigue life">Fatigue life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pore%20size" title=" Pore size"> Pore size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Scatter" title=" Scatter"> Scatter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weibull%20distribution" title=" Weibull distribution"> Weibull distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Die-cast%20magnesium%20alloy" title="Die-cast magnesium alloy">Die-cast magnesium alloy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/scatter-analysis-of-fatigue-life-and-pore-size-data-of-die-cast-am60b-magnesium-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">865</span> Investigation of Different Stimulation Patterns to Reduce Muscle Fatigue during Functional Electrical Stimulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Ruslee">R. Ruslee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Gollee"> H. Gollee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a commonly used technique in rehabilitation and often associated with rapid muscle fatigue which becomes the limiting factor in its applications. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects on the onset of fatigue of conventional synchronous stimulation, as well as asynchronous stimulation that mimic voluntary muscle activation targeting different motor units which are activated sequentially or randomly via multiple pairs of stimulation electrodes. We investigate three different approaches with various electrode configurations, as well as different patterns of stimulation applied to the gastrocnemius muscle: Conventional Synchronous Stimulation (CSS), Asynchronous Sequential Stimulation (ASS) and Asynchronous Random Stimulation (ARS). Stimulation was applied repeatedly for 300 ms followed by 700 ms of no-stimulation with 40 Hz effective frequency for all protocols. Ten able-bodied volunteers (28±3 years old) participated in this study. As fatigue indicators, we focused on the analysis of Normalized Fatigue Index (NFI), Fatigue Time Interval (FTI) and pre-post Twitch-Tetanus Ratio (ΔTTR). The results demonstrated that ASS and ARS give higher NFI and longer FTI confirming less fatigue for asynchronous stimulation. In addition, ASS and ARS resulted in higher ΔTTR than conventional CSS. In this study, we proposed a randomly distributed stimulation method for the application of FES and investigated its suitability for reducing muscle fatigue compared to previously applied methods. The results validated that asynchronous stimulation reduces fatigue, and indicates that random stimulation may improve fatigue resistance in some conditions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asynchronous%20stimulation" title="Asynchronous stimulation">Asynchronous stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=electrode%20configuration" title=" electrode configuration"> electrode configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=functional%20electrical%20stimulation" title=" functional electrical stimulation"> functional electrical stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle%20fatigue" title=" muscle fatigue"> muscle fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pattern%20stimulation" title=" pattern stimulation"> pattern stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=random%20stimulation" title=" random stimulation"> random stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sequential%20stimulation" title=" sequential stimulation"> sequential stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=synchronous%20stimulation." title=" synchronous stimulation."> synchronous stimulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/investigation-of-different-stimulation-patterns-to-reduce-muscle-fatigue-during-functional-electrical-stimulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1245</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=29">29</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=30">30</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ultra-high%20cycle%20fatigue&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>