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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Powers and legislative process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers_and_legislative_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_current_senators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_current_senators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>List of current senators</span> 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_Chham-g%C4%AB-%C4%AB%E2%81%BF" title="Maryland Chham-gī-īⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Maryland Chham-gī-īⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senat_von_Maryland" title="Senat von Maryland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Senat von Maryland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_du_Maryland" title="Sénat du Maryland – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sénat du Maryland" data-language-autonym="Français" 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border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Maryland Senate</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland General Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Maryland_(reverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Seal_of_Maryland_%28reverse%29.svg/170px-Seal_of_Maryland_%28reverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Seal_of_Maryland_%28reverse%29.svg/255px-Seal_of_Maryland_%28reverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Seal_of_Maryland_%28reverse%29.svg/340px-Seal_of_Maryland_%28reverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Term limits</div></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">New session started</div></th><td class="infobox-data">January 11, 2023</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Maryland_Senate" title="President of the Maryland Senate">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Bill Ferguson (politician)">Bill Ferguson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) <br />since January 8, 2020 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">President Pro Tempore</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Augustine" title="Malcolm Augustine">Malcolm Augustine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) <br />since January 11, 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Majority Leader</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_J._King" title="Nancy J. King">Nancy J. King</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) <br />since January 8, 2020 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Minority Leader</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Hershey_Jr." title="Stephen S. Hershey Jr.">Stephen S. Hershey Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>) <br />since January 11, 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">47</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maryland_Senate_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Maryland_Senate_2023.svg/250px-Maryland_Senate_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Maryland_Senate_2023.svg/375px-Maryland_Senate_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Maryland_Senate_2023.svg/500px-Maryland_Senate_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Majority</b> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000FF; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Democratic</a> (34)</div></li></ul> <p><b>Minority</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Republican_Party" title="Maryland Republican Party">Republican</a> (13)</div></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authority</th><td class="infobox-data">Article III, Section 2, <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Constitution">Maryland Constitution</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">$50,330/year<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2022_Maryland_Senate_election" title="2022 Maryland Senate election">November 8, 2022</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2026_Maryland_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2026 Maryland Senate election (page does not exist)">November 3, 2026</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Redistricting</th><td class="infobox-data">Legislative Control</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MDSenate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/MDSenate.jpg/220px-MDSenate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/MDSenate.jpg/330px-MDSenate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/MDSenate.jpg/440px-MDSenate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">State Senate Chamber<br /><a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_House" title="Maryland State House">Maryland State House</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_MD" class="mw-redirect" title="Annapolis, MD">Annapolis, MD</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Members/Index/senate">Maryland Senate</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom: 2px solid #3333FF">Rules</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/pubs/Other/2024%20Senate%20of%20Maryland%20Rules%20-%20Plain%20Language.pdf">2024 Senate of Maryland Rules</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Maryland Senate</b>, sometimes referred to as the <b>Maryland State Senate</b>, is the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">General Assembly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">state legislature</a> of the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>. Composed of 47 <a href="/wiki/Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator">senators</a> elected from an equal number of constituent single-member districts, the Senate is responsible, along with the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a>, for passage of laws in Maryland, and for confirming executive appointments made by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor of Maryland</a>. </p><p>It evolved from the upper house of the colonial assembly created in 1650 when Maryland was a <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">proprietary colony</a> controlled by <a href="/wiki/Cecilius_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore">Cecilius Calvert</a>. It consisted of the Governor and members of the Governor's appointed council. With slight variation, the body to meet in that form until 1776, when Maryland, now a state independent of British rule, passed a <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Constitution_of_1776" title="Maryland Constitution of 1776">new constitution</a> that created an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">electoral college</a> to appoint members of the Senate. This electoral college was abolished in 1838 and members began to be directly elected from each county and <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore City</a>. In 1972, because of a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> decision, the number of districts was increased to 47, and the districts were balanced by population rather than being geographically determined. </p><p>To serve in the Maryland Senate, a person must be a citizen of Maryland 25 years of age or older. Elections for the 47 Senate seats are held every four years coincident with the federal election in which the President of the United States is not elected. Vacancies are filled through appointment by the Governor. The Senate meets for three months every year; the rest of the year the work of the Senate is light and most members hold another job during this time. It has been controlled by <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> since 1900. In the 2018 election, more than two-thirds of the Senate seats were won by Democrats. </p><p>Senators elect a <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Maryland_Senate" title="President of the Maryland Senate">President</a> to serve as <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">presiding officer</a> of the legislative body, as well as a <a href="/wiki/President_Pro_Tempore" class="mw-redirect" title="President Pro Tempore">President Pro Tempore</a>. The President appoints chairs and membership of six standing committees, four legislative committees as well as the Executive Nominations and Rules Committees. Senators are also organized into caucuses, including party- and demographically-based caucuses. They are assisted in their work by paid staff of the non-partisan Department of Legislative Services and by partisan office staff. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_of_St._Thomas_Jenifer_by_John_Hesselius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An eighteenth-century painting shows a middle aged man dressed in red clothing leaning on two books that are resting on a table, with a Roman-style column in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Daniel_of_St._Thomas_Jenifer_by_John_Hesselius.jpg/220px-Daniel_of_St._Thomas_Jenifer_by_John_Hesselius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Daniel_of_St._Thomas_Jenifer_by_John_Hesselius.jpg/330px-Daniel_of_St._Thomas_Jenifer_by_John_Hesselius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Daniel_of_St._Thomas_Jenifer_by_John_Hesselius.jpg/440px-Daniel_of_St._Thomas_Jenifer_by_John_Hesselius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1392" /></a><figcaption>Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, the first President of the Maryland Senate</figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of the Maryland Senate lie in the creation of an assembly during the early days of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland colony.</a> This assembly first met in 1637, making it the longest continuously operating legislative body in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, the assembly was <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a>, but in 1650, the Governor and his appointed council began serving as the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of a now <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> legislature. These appointees had close political and economic ties to the proprietors of the Maryland colony, <a href="/wiki/Cecilius_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore">Cecilius Calvert</a> and his descendants. Thus, the upper house in colonial times often disagreed with the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>, which was elected, tended to be more populist, and pushed for greater legislative power in the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-of_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-of-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The upper house was briefly abolished during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> governors attempted to consolidate control and prevent the return of any proprietary influence. It was again abolished by Governor <a href="/wiki/Josias_Fendall" title="Josias Fendall">Josias Fendall</a> in 1660, who sought to create a colonial government based on an elected unicameral legislature like that of the Virginia colony. The position of Governor was removed from the legislature in 1675, but for the following century, its function and powers largely remained the same.<sup id="cite_ref-of_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-of-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1776, following the signing of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> and the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, Maryland threw off proprietary control and established a new constitution. Under this <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Constitution_of_1776" title="Maryland Constitution of 1776">new constitution</a>, the upper house of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">General Assembly</a> first became known as the Maryland Senate. The new body consisted of fifteen senators appointed to five-year terms by an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">electoral college</a>. The college, made up of two electors from each county and one each from the cities of <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a>, was required to select nine senators from the western shore and six from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shore_of_Maryland" title="Eastern Shore of Maryland">eastern shore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-of_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-of-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first election under the 1776 constitution took place in 1781, and the system would not change again until 1838. In the interim, a number of problems had cropped up in the appointment process. Under the 1776 constitution, the electoral college selected all of the State Senators, and faced no restrictions, other than the geographic requirement, in how they were selected. As a result, it was commonplace for the electoral college to select a State Senate entirely composed of one political party.<sup id="cite_ref-legal_history_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legal_history-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only in 1826, when <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republicans</a> won a majority on the electoral college with a pledge to elect a balanced Senate, was more than one party represented. That year, the electoral college selected 11 National Republicans and four <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, all vacancies in the State Senate were filled by the Senate itself, which frequently resulted in a disproportionately high share of the Senate having been appointed to fill vacancies. During one session, fourteen out of fifteen senators had been selected to fill vacancies.<sup id="cite_ref-legal_history_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legal_history-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1836, tensions rose over the State Senate's composition. That year, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> won 53% of the statewide vote for the electoral college, but ended up with only nineteen of forty electors. When the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> electors planned to elect an all-Whig State Senate, the Democratic electors absconded, denying the electoral college a quorum. The refusal to elect a State Senate also prevented the election of a <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor</a>, as Maryland's governors were elected by the legislature. Ultimately, however, the Democrats' position weakened following the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">State House</a> elections the following month, when the Whigs won an overwhelming majority. The electors returned, providing a quorum, and an all-Whig Senate was elected.<sup id="cite_ref-legal_history_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legal_history-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The controversy ultimately resulted in long-term changes to the body in 1838. The electoral college was abolished, terms were lengthened to six years with rotating elections such that a third of the senate would be elected every two years, a single Senator was chosen by direct election from each county and the City of Baltimore, and vacancies were filled by special elections. The Senate no longer acted as the Governor's Council, although they would continue to confirm the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor</a>'s appointments. Constitutional changes altered this new system slightly in <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Constitution_of_1851" title="Maryland Constitution of 1851">1851</a>, when terms were shortened to four years, and <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Constitution_of_1864" title="Maryland Constitution of 1864">1864</a>, when Baltimore City was given three Senate districts rather than one, but substantial change to the structure of the Senate did not come again until 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-of_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-of-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> ruled in <i><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_v._Sims" title="Reynolds v. Sims">Reynolds v. Sims</a></i> that state legislative seats must be apportioned on the principle of one man, one vote. A number of state legislatures, including Maryland, had systems based on geography rather than population, and the court rules that this violated the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a>. Disproportionate population growth across Maryland since 1838 meant that the principle of one seat per county gave the voters of some counties, such as those on the eastern shore, disproportionate representation. Other counties, especially those in suburban areas, were underrepresented.<sup id="cite_ref-of_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-of-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A special session of the legislature in 1965 changed the Senate to represent 16 districts and reapportioned the seats, again by county, but did so in such a way as to make the representation more proportional to population than it had been. Thus, the eastern shore, which had previously elected nine senators, elected only four after 1965. This was done to preserve the ideal of having whole counties represented by a single Senator, rather than breaking counties up into multiple districts. A constitutional amendment in 1972 expanded the Senate to 47 members, elected from districts proportional to the population. These districts are reapportioned every ten years based on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">United States Census</a> to ensure they remain proportional.<sup id="cite_ref-of_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-of-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers_and_legislative_process">Powers and legislative process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Powers and legislative process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maryland Senate, as the upper house of the bicameral Maryland General Assembly, shares with the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a> the responsibility for making laws in the state of Maryland. Bills are often developed in the period between sessions of the General Assembly by the Senate's standing committees or by individual senators. They are then submitted by senators to the Maryland Department of Legislative Services for drafting of legislative language. Between 2000 and 2005, an average of 907 bills were introduced in the Senate annually during the three-month legislative session. The bill is submitted, and receives the first of three constitutionally mandated readings on the floor of the Senate, before being assigned to a committee.<sup id="cite_ref-tlp_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision about whether legislation passes is often made in the committees. Committees can hold legislation and prevent it from reaching the Senate floor. The recommendations of committees on bills carry tremendous weight; it is rare for the Senate as a whole to approve legislation that has received a negative committee report.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once a committee has weighed in on a piece of legislation, the bill returns to the floor for second hearing, called the "consideration of committee" report, and a third hearing, which happens just before the floor vote on it.<sup id="cite_ref-tlp_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once passed by the Senate, a bill is sent to the House of Delegates for consideration. If the House also approves the bill without amendment, it is sent to the Governor. If there is amendment, however, the Senate may either reconsider the bill with amendments or ask for the establishment of a conference committee to work out differences in the versions of the bill passed by each chamber. Once a piece of legislation approved by both houses is forwarded to the Governor, it may either be signed or vetoed. If it is signed, it takes effect on the effective date of the legislation, usually October 1 of that year. If it is vetoed, both the Senate and the House of Delegates must vote by a three-fifths majority to overturn the veto. They may not, however, overturn a veto in the first year of a new term, since the bill would have been passed during the previous session. Additionally, joint resolutions and the budget bill may not be vetoed, although the General Assembly is constitutionally limited in the extent to which it may influence the latter; it may only decrease the Governor's budget proposal, not increase it.<sup id="cite_ref-tlp_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tlp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the House of Delegates, the Senate has the sole responsibility in the state's legislative branch for confirming gubernatorial appointees to positions that require confirmation. After the Governor forwards his nomination to the Senate, the Executive Nominations Committee reviews the nominee and makes a recommendation for confirmation or rejection to the Senate as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only one <a href="/wiki/Gubernatorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Gubernatorial">gubernatorial</a> nominee in recent history has been rejected; Lynn Buhl, nominated as Maryland Secretary of the Environment by Governor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ehrlich" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Ehrlich">Robert Ehrlich</a>, was rejected over concerns about her qualifications.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Senate also has sole responsibility for trying any persons that have been <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment in the United States">impeached</a> by the House of Delegates. They must be sworn in before such a trial takes place, and a two-thirds majority is required for conviction of the impeached person.<sup id="cite_ref-const_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-const-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maryland_Senate_Map_January_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Maryland_Senate_Map_January_2023.svg/440px-Maryland_Senate_Map_January_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Maryland_Senate_Map_January_2023.svg/660px-Maryland_Senate_Map_January_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Maryland_Senate_Map_January_2023.svg/880px-Maryland_Senate_Map_January_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Current partisan composition: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3333ff; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> senator</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e81b23; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> senator</div> </figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th rowspan="3">Affiliation </th> <th colspan="3">Party <div style="font-size:80%">(Shading indicates majority caucus)</div> </th> <th rowspan="3">Total </th></tr> <tr style="height:5px"> <td style="background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"> </td> <td style="background: black"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Republican_Party" title="Maryland Republican Party">Republican</a> </th> <th>Vacant </th></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">2007–2010 Session </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">33 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0 </td> <th>47 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">2011–2014 Session </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">35 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>0 </td> <th>47 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">2015–2018 Session<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">33 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0 </td> <th>47 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">2019–2022 Session<sup id="cite_ref-The_Baltimore_Sun_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Baltimore_Sun-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">32 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>0 </td> <th>47 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap="" style="font-size:80%">2023–2026 Session </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">34 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>0 </td> <th>47 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Latest voting share </th> <th style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><span data-sort-value="7001723404255319148♠" style="display:none"></span>72.3% </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001276595744680851♠" style="display:none"></span>27.7% </th> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_current_senators">List of current senators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of current senators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Maryland_Senate" title="List of current members of the Maryland Senate">List of current members of the Maryland Senate</a></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District</th> <th>Senator</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Since</th> <th>Residence</th> <th>Counties represented </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_1" title="Maryland Legislative District 1">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mike_McKay_(politician)" title="Mike McKay (politician)">Mike McKay</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Maryland" title="Cumberland, Maryland">Cumberland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allegany_County,_Maryland" title="Allegany County, Maryland">Allegany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garrett_County,_Maryland" title="Garrett County, Maryland">Garrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Maryland" title="Washington County, Maryland">Washington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_2" title="Maryland Legislative District 2">2</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Corderman, Paul D."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Corderman" title="Paul D. Corderman">Paul D. Corderman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hagerstown,_Maryland" title="Hagerstown, Maryland">Hagerstown</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland" title="Frederick County, Maryland">Frederick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Maryland" title="Washington County, Maryland">Washington</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_3" title="Maryland Legislative District 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_Lewis_Young" title="Karen Lewis Young">Karen Lewis Young</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Maryland" title="Frederick, Maryland">Frederick</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland" title="Frederick County, Maryland">Frederick</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_4" title="Maryland Legislative District 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Folden" title="William Folden">William Folden</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Myersville,_Maryland" title="Myersville, Maryland">Myersville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland" title="Frederick County, Maryland">Frederick</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_5" title="Maryland Legislative District 5">5</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Ready, Justin"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Ready" title="Justin Ready">Justin Ready</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Maryland" title="Manchester, Maryland">Manchester</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Maryland" title="Carroll County, Maryland">Carroll</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_6" title="Maryland Legislative District 6">6</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Salling, Johnny Ray"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Ray_Salling" title="Johnny Ray Salling">Johnny Ray Salling</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dundalk,_Maryland" title="Dundalk, Maryland">Dundalk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_7" title="Maryland Legislative District 7">7</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Jennings, J. B."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/J._B._Jennings" title="J. B. Jennings">J. B. Jennings</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joppa,_Maryland" title="Joppa, Maryland">Joppa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harford_County,_Maryland" title="Harford County, Maryland">Harford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_8" title="Maryland Legislative District 8">8</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Klausmeier, Katherine A."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_A._Klausmeier" title="Katherine A. Klausmeier">Katherine A. Klausmeier</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perry_Hall,_Maryland" title="Perry Hall, Maryland">Perry Hall</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_9" title="Maryland Legislative District 9">9</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Fry Hester, Katie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Katie_Fry_Hester" title="Katie Fry Hester">Katie Fry Hester</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellicott_City,_Maryland" title="Ellicott City, Maryland">Ellicott City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Maryland" title="Howard County, Maryland">Howard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_10" title="Maryland Legislative District 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Brooks_(politician)" title="Benjamin Brooks (politician)">Benjamin Brooks</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milford_Mill,_Maryland" title="Milford Mill, Maryland">Milford Mill</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_11" title="Maryland Legislative District 11">11</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Hettleman, Shelly L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Shelly_L._Hettleman" title="Shelly L. Hettleman">Shelly L. Hettleman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pikesville,_Maryland" title="Pikesville, Maryland">Pikesville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_12" title="Maryland Legislative District 12">12</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Lam, Clarence"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Lam" title="Clarence Lam">Clarence Lam</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Maryland" title="Columbia, Maryland">Columbia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Maryland" title="Howard County, Maryland">Howard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_13" title="Maryland Legislative District 13">13</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Guzzone, Guy"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Guzzone" title="Guy Guzzone">Guy Guzzone</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Maryland" title="Columbia, Maryland">Columbia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Maryland" title="Howard County, Maryland">Howard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_14" title="Maryland Legislative District 14">14</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Zucker, Craig"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Zucker" title="Craig Zucker">Craig Zucker</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brookeville,_Maryland" title="Brookeville, Maryland">Brookeville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_15" title="Maryland Legislative District 15">15</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Feldman, Brian"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Feldman_(politician)" title="Brian Feldman (politician)">Brian Feldman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Potomac,_Maryland" title="Potomac, Maryland">Potomac</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_16" title="Maryland Legislative District 16">16</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Love, Sara N."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sara_N._Love" title="Sara N. Love">Sara N. Love</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_17" title="Maryland Legislative District 17">17</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kagan, Cheryl"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Kagan" title="Cheryl Kagan">Cheryl Kagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_18" title="Maryland Legislative District 18">18</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Waldstreicher, Jeff"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Waldstreicher" title="Jeff Waldstreicher">Jeff Waldstreicher</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Maryland" title="Kensington, Maryland">Kensington</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_19" title="Maryland Legislative District 19">19</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kramer, Benjamin F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Kramer" title="Benjamin F. Kramer">Benjamin F. Kramer</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Derwood,_Maryland" title="Derwood, Maryland">Derwood</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_20" title="Maryland Legislative District 20">20</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Smith Jr., William C."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_C._Smith_Jr." title="William C. Smith Jr.">William C. Smith Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_21" title="Maryland Legislative District 21">21</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Rosapepe, James"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Rosapepe" title="James Rosapepe">James Rosapepe</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2007 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/College_Park,_Maryland" title="College Park, Maryland">College Park</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George's County">Prince George's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_22" title="Maryland Legislative District 22">22</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_T._Washington" title="Alonzo T. Washington">Alonzo T. Washington</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenbelt,_Maryland" title="Greenbelt, Maryland">Greenbelt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George's County">Prince George's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_23" title="Maryland Legislative District 23">23</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Watson, Ron"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Watson_(politician)" title="Ron Watson (politician)">Ron Watson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Marlboro,_Maryland" title="Upper Marlboro, Maryland">Upper Marlboro</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George's County">Prince George's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_24" title="Maryland Legislative District 24">24</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Benson, Joanne C."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joanne_C._Benson" title="Joanne C. Benson">Joanne C. Benson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Landover,_Maryland" title="Landover, Maryland">Landover</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George's County">Prince George's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_25" title="Maryland Legislative District 25">25</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Charles, Nick"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Charles_(politician)" title="Nick Charles (politician)">Nick Charles</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forestville,_Maryland" title="Forestville, Maryland">Forestville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George's County">Prince George's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_26" title="Maryland Legislative District 26">26</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/C._Anthony_Muse" title="C. Anthony Muse">C. Anthony Muse</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Accokeek,_Maryland" title="Accokeek, Maryland">Accokeek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George's County">Prince George's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_27" title="Maryland Legislative District 27">27</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Jackson, Michael A."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Jackson_(politician)" title="Michael A. Jackson (politician)">Michael A. Jackson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brandywine,_Maryland" title="Brandywine, Maryland">Brandywine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calvert_County,_Maryland" title="Calvert County, Maryland">Calvert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_County,_Maryland" title="Charles County, Maryland">Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince George's County">Prince George's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_28" title="Maryland Legislative District 28">28</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Ellis, Arthur"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ellis_(Maryland_politician)" title="Arthur Ellis (Maryland politician)">Arthur Ellis</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head,_Maryland" title="Indian Head, Maryland">Indian Head</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_County,_Maryland" title="Charles County, Maryland">Charles</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_29" title="Maryland Legislative District 29">29</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Bailey, Jack"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Bailey_(Maryland_politician)" title="Jack Bailey (Maryland politician)">Jack Bailey</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mechanicsville,_Maryland" title="Mechanicsville, Maryland">Mechanicsville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calvert_County,_Maryland" title="Calvert County, Maryland">Calvert</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_County,_Maryland" title="St. Mary's County, Maryland">St. Mary's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_30" title="Maryland Legislative District 30">30</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Elfreth, Sarah K."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_K._Elfreth" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarah K. Elfreth">Sarah K. Elfreth</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_31" title="Maryland Legislative District 31">31</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Simonaire, Bryan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Simonaire" title="Bryan Simonaire">Bryan Simonaire</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2007 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glen_Burnie,_Maryland" title="Glen Burnie, Maryland">Glen Burnie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_32" title="Maryland Legislative District 32">32</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Beidle, Pamela"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Beidle" title="Pamela Beidle">Pamela Beidle</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linthicum,_Maryland" title="Linthicum, Maryland">Linthicum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_33" title="Maryland Legislative District 33">33</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Gile, Dawn"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Gile" title="Dawn Gile">Dawn Gile</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Severna_Park,_Maryland" title="Severna Park, Maryland">Severna Park</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_34" title="Maryland Legislative District 34">34</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="James, Mary-Dulany"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mary-Dulany_James" title="Mary-Dulany James">Mary-Dulany James</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Havre_de_Grace,_Maryland" title="Havre de Grace, Maryland">Havre de Grace</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harford_County,_Maryland" title="Harford County, Maryland">Harford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_35" title="Maryland Legislative District 35">35</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Gallion, Jason C."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jason_C._Gallion" title="Jason C. Gallion">Jason C. Gallion</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Churchville,_Maryland" title="Churchville, Maryland">Churchville</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cecil_County,_Maryland" title="Cecil County, Maryland">Cecil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harford_County,_Maryland" title="Harford County, Maryland">Harford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_36" title="Maryland Legislative District 36">36</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Hershey Jr., Stephen S."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Hershey_Jr." title="Stephen S. Hershey Jr.">Stephen S. Hershey Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_Maryland" title="Queenstown, Maryland">Queenstown</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caroline_County,_Maryland" title="Caroline County, Maryland">Caroline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_County,_Maryland" title="Cecil County, Maryland">Cecil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Maryland" title="Kent County, Maryland">Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Queen Anne's County, Maryland">Queen Anne's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_37" title="Maryland Legislative District 37">37</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mautz" title="Johnny Mautz">Johnny Mautz</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Michaels,_Maryland" title="Saint Michaels, Maryland">Saint Michaels</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caroline_County,_Maryland" title="Caroline County, Maryland">Caroline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorchester_County,_Maryland" title="Dorchester County, Maryland">Dorchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talbot_County,_Maryland" title="Talbot County, Maryland">Talbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wicomico_County,_Maryland" title="Wicomico County, Maryland">Wicomico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_38" title="Maryland Legislative District 38">38</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carozza, Mary Beth"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beth_Carozza" title="Mary Beth Carozza">Mary Beth Carozza</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_City,_Maryland" title="Ocean City, Maryland">Ocean City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_Maryland" title="Somerset County, Maryland">Somerset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wicomico_County,_Maryland" title="Wicomico County, Maryland">Wicomico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester_County,_Maryland" title="Worcester County, Maryland">Worcester</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_39" title="Maryland Legislative District 39">39</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="King, Nancy J."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_J._King" title="Nancy J. King">Nancy J. King</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2007 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Village,_Maryland" title="Montgomery Village, Maryland">Montgomery Village</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_40" title="Maryland Legislative District 40">40</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Hayes, Antonio"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Hayes" title="Antonio Hayes">Antonio Hayes</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore City</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_41" title="Maryland Legislative District 41">41</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter, Jill P."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jill_P._Carter" title="Jill P. Carter">Jill P. Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore City</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_42" title="Maryland Legislative District 42">42</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="West, Chris"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Chris_West_(politician)" title="Chris West (politician)">Chris West</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Republican </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Towson,_Maryland" title="Towson, Maryland">Towson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Maryland" title="Carroll County, Maryland">Carroll County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_43" title="Maryland Legislative District 43">43</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Washington, Mary L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Washington" title="Mary L. Washington">Mary L. Washington</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_44" title="Maryland Legislative District 44">44</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Sydnor III, Charles E."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Sydnor_III" title="Charles E. Sydnor III">Charles E. Sydnor III</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland" title="Baltimore County, Maryland">Baltimore County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_45" title="Maryland Legislative District 45">45</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="McCray, Cory V."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Cory_V._McCray" class="mw-redirect" title="Cory V. McCray">Cory V. McCray</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore City</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_46" title="Maryland Legislative District 46">46</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Ferguson, Bill"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Bill Ferguson (politician)">Bill Ferguson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore City</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislative_District_47" title="Maryland Legislative District 47">47</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Augustine, Malcolm L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_L._Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm L. Augustine">Malcolm L. Augustine</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Democratic </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheverly,_Maryland" title="Cheverly, Maryland">Cheverly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_V._Mike_Miller_at_Franchot_inauguration_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A well-dressed man with white hair sitting before a marble-panelled wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Thomas_V._Mike_Miller_at_Franchot_inauguration_-_cropped.jpg/220px-Thomas_V._Mike_Miller_at_Franchot_inauguration_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Thomas_V._Mike_Miller_at_Franchot_inauguration_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="268" /></a><figcaption>Thomas V. Mike Miller Jr., President of the Maryland Senate 1987 to 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Maryland's Senate consists of senators elected from 47 Senate districts. While each senator has the power to introduce and vote on bills and make motions on the floor, various <a href="/wiki/Committee" title="Committee">committees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">caucuses</a>, and leadership positions help to organize the work of the Senate. Senators elect a <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Maryland_Senate" title="President of the Maryland Senate">President</a> of the Senate, who serves as the <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">presiding officer</a> of the chamber. They also elect a <a href="/wiki/President_Pro_Tempore" class="mw-redirect" title="President Pro Tempore">President Pro Tempore</a>, who presides over the chamber when the President is absent.<sup id="cite_ref-os_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-os-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The President of the Maryland Senate has significant influence over legislation that passes through the body through both formal means, such as his ability to appoint committee chairs and leaders of the majority party, and informal means that are less easily defined.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sc_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These powers place the President of the Maryland Senate among the strongest state legislature presiding officers in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once legislation is introduced, it is passed to one of the standing committees of the Senate. There are six such committees.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a whole, the Maryland General Assembly has fewer standing committees than any other state legislature in the United States. Each committee has between 10 and 15 members.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four of the standing committees deal primarily with legislation; the Budget and Taxation Committee, the Education, Energy, and Environment Committee, the Finance Committee, and the Judicial Proceedings Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chairs of these legislative committees have the power to determine whether their committees will hear a bill, and they therefore have significant influence over legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Executive Nominations Committee manages the Senate's responsibility to confirm gubernatorial appointments and makes recommendations of approval and disapproval to the body as a whole. Lastly, the Rules Committee sets the rules and procedures of the body. It also has the power to review legislation that has been introduced by a member of the Senate after the deadline for submission, and decide whether to refer it to a standing committee or let it die.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with serving on the Senate committees, members of the Senate also serve on a number of joint committees with members of the House of Delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-os_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-os-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the committees are established by formal Senate rules, there are a number of caucuses that exercise significant influence over the legislative process. The most powerful of these are the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Democratic</a> Caucus and the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Republican_Party" title="Maryland Republican Party">Republican</a> Caucus, each of which has a leader and a whip, referred to as a majority and minority leader and whip.<sup id="cite_ref-os_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-os-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Democrats currently control a majority of seats in the Senate, their leader is referred to as the Majority Leader, and their caucus is able to influence legislation to a greater extent than the Republican caucus. The Majority Leader and Minority leader are responsible for managing their party's participation in debate on the floor. Party caucuses also raise and distribute campaign money to assist their candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland and Women Legislators of Maryland, caucuses of African-American and female Senators respectively, also play prominent roles in the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook-30_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-30-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Professional services for members of the Senate and the House of Delegates are provided by the Department of Legislative Services, which is non-partisan. Individual members are also assisted by partisan staff members, and those in leadership positions have additional partisan staff.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These staff members help to manage the offices of the senators. Each senator has one year-round administrative assistant, as well as a secretary who assists them during the legislative session. There is also an allowance given to help pay for district offices.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook-39-41_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-39-41-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Maryland_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Maryland State Senate">President of the Maryland State Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Maryland_Senate" title="List of current members of the Maryland Senate">List of current members of the Maryland Senate</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qualifications">Qualifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To be eligible to run for the Maryland Senate, a person must be a citizen and be at least 25 years old. They must also have lived in the state for at least one year, and must have lived in the district in which they are to run for at least six months, assuming the district has existed with its current boundaries for at least that long. No elected or appointed official of the United States government, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="United States armed forces">military</a>, may serve in the Senate, excluding those serving in the military reserves and <a href="/wiki/Maryland_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland National Guard">National Guard</a>. Similarly, no employees of the state government may serve, except for law enforcement officers, firefighters, and rescue workers.<sup id="cite_ref-const_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-const-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections_and_vacancies">Elections and vacancies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Elections and vacancies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the Maryland Senate are elected every four years, in off-year elections in the middle of terms for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">Presidents of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-const_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-const-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Party nominations are determined by primary elections.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general election for Senate seats and all other state and federal elections in the normal cycle is held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Should a Senate seat become vacant in the middle of a term, because of death, illness, incapacitation, disqualification, resignation, or expulsion of a member of the Senate, that seat is filled by appointment. The Central Committee of the previous Senator's party in the county or counties in which the Senate district lies makes a recommendation to the Governor on whom to appoint to the seat. Within fifteen days of the Central Committee's recommendation being selected, the Governor must appoint that person to the vacant seat.<sup id="cite_ref-const_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-const-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 47 districts from which senators are elected are apportioned every ten years on the basis of population. Maryland's constitution explicitly defines the process for the drawing of these districts, requiring that the Governor make a recommendation of a new electoral map and submit it for legislative approval. As of 2005, there were approximately 112,000 people in each district. Each Senate district also elects three Delegates, and incumbent senators and delegates will often run jointly as members of incumbent slates in their districts. It is rare, however, for an incumbent to be challenged.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salaries_and_benefits">Salaries and benefits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Salaries and benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the State Senate and the House of Delegates, besides the Senate President and Speaker of the House of Delegates (referred to as the "Presiding Officers"), earn the same salary. These salaries are determined by the General Assembly Compensation Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After two terms, 2007-2010 and 2011-2014, during which the salary for members of the General Assembly was $43,500 per year ($56,500 for the Presiding Officers), members began receiving annual raises in 2015 such that, at the start of the 2018 General Assembly Session, they will be earning $50,330 per year, an increase of about 16 percent over four years.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The salaries of the Presiding Officers will be increased to $65,371 annually.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increase is being phased in the amounts of approximately $1,707 per year for rank-and-file legislators and $2,218 per year for the Presiding Officers.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Senators can also seek reimbursement for expenses related to meals and lodging during the legislative session, and for certain travel expenses related to their duties at any point during the year. They also have access to benefits received by state employees, including health and life insurance as well as retirement savings plans. Maryland has a voluntary legislator pension plan to which both senators and delegates have access. Besides receiving their own benefits, Senators can award up to $138,000 each year in scholarships to students of their choosing if those students meet requirements set by Senate rules.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook-39-41_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-39-41-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_makeup">Current makeup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Current makeup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of January 2023, a majority of seats in the Maryland Senate are held by members of the Democratic Party, with 34 Democrats and 13 Republicans, greater than a two-thirds majority.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This dominance is nothing new, as Democrats have had strong majorities in the chamber for decades. Democrats tend to control seats in the large population centers such as Baltimore City, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's County</a>, while Republicans control most seats on the Eastern Shore and in western Maryland. The chamber has also had significant numbers of women and African-Americans serve, with women averaging around 36% of the seats and African-Americans around 31%.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Baltimore_Sun_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Baltimore_Sun-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 8, 2020, Democratic senator <a href="/wiki/Bill_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Bill Ferguson (politician)">Bill Ferguson</a>, from the 46th district, was elected to the position of Senate president following the retirement of the longest-serving Senate president in both Maryland and American history, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_V._Mike_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas V. Mike Miller">Thomas V. Mike Miller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Melony_G._Griffith" title="Melony G. Griffith">Melony G. Griffith</a>, from the 25th District in Prince George's County, is the President Pro Tempore. The Democratic caucus is led by Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Nancy_J._King" title="Nancy J. King">Nancy J. King</a> of the 39th District in Montgomery County.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Hershey_Jr." title="Stephen S. Hershey Jr.">Stephen S. Hershey Jr.</a> of the 36th District, which covers Caroline, Cecil, Kent, and Queen Anne's counties, was elected as the minority leader by the Senate's Republican Caucus in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules_and_procedures">Rules and procedures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rules and procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many rules and procedures in the Maryland Senate are set by the state constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-const_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-const-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond the constitutional mandates, rules in the Senate are developed by the Rules Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Senate and House of Delegates both meet for ninety days following the second Wednesday in January, although these sessions may be extended for up to thirty days by majority votes in both houses, and special sessions may be called by the Governor.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Senate meets in the Senate Chamber of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_House" title="Maryland State House">Maryland State House</a>, which has both gallery seating and a door open to the State House lobby, the latter being mandated by the state constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-const_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-const-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seating in the Senate is by party, with the leaders of each party choosing the exact seating assignments.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each Senator has offices in Annapolis, in the Miller or James Senate Office Buildings. </p><p>A typical session of the Senate begins with a call to order by the President of the Senate. After the call to order, the previous day's journal is approved, petitions are heard, and orders involving committee and leadership appointments or changes to the rules are presented. First, readings of legislation take place. Senators are then given leeway to introduce any visitors, often people observing its deliberations from the gallery above the Senate chamber. Then the Senators consider legislation. They begin with unfinished business from the previous session, then consider legislation and special orders with accompanying reports from committees. At the discretion of the presiding officer, the Senate may adjourn at any time, unless a majority of members present object to adjournment.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook-47-51_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-47-51-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">Lobbying</a> is common in Annapolis; there are more than 700 lobbyists registered with the state. While lobbyists may spend freely on advocacy, they are limited in gifts to legislators and in their ability to contribute to campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-little_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-little-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ethics issues related to lobbyists and other matters are handled by the Joint Committee on Legislative Ethics, a twelve-member committee that includes six senators. Members of the Senate may turn to either this committee or an ethics counsel to help them resolve questions of potential ethical conflict. Members are encouraged to avoid conflicts of interest, and are required to submit public financial disclosures to the state. In addition to employment prohibitions laid out in the state constitution, members are barred from advocating for any paying client before any part of the state government.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook-47-51_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-47-51-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Past_composition">Past composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Past composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Maryland" title="Political party strength in Maryland">Political party strength in Maryland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Legislature">Maryland Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_state_senate_delegations" title="Maryland state senate delegations">Maryland state senate delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maryland_General_Assemblies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Maryland General Assemblies">List of Maryland General Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maryland" title="Government of Maryland">Government of Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Maryland#United_States_Senate" title="United States congressional delegations from Maryland">United States congressional delegations from Maryland#United States Senate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/pubs/commtfworkgrp/2018rs-general-assembly-compensation-january-report.pdf">"Report of the General Assembly Compensation Commission"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+General+Assembly+Compensation+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmgaleg.maryland.gov%2Fpubs%2Fcommtfworkgrp%2F2018rs-general-assembly-compensation-january-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-little-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-little_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittle,_Thomas_H.Ogle,_David_B.2006" class="citation book cs1">Little, Thomas H. & Ogle, David B. (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legislativebranc0000litt"><i>The legislative branch of state government: people, process, and politics</i></a></span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General+Assembly+of+Maryland&rft.atitle=Report+of+the+General+Assembly+Compensation+Commission&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmgaleg.maryland.gov%2FPubs%2FCommTFWorkgrp%2F2014rs-General-Assembly-Compensation-January-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025073535/https://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/05sen/html/sendem.html">"Maryland Senators — Democrats"</a>. <i>Maryland Manual Online</i>. Maryland State Archives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/05sen/html/sendem.html">the original</a> on October 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maryland+Manual+Online&rft.atitle=Maryland+Senators+%E2%80%94+Democrats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msa.md.gov%2Fmsa%2Fmdmanual%2F05sen%2Fhtml%2Fsendem.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025082331/https://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/05sen/html/senrep.html">"Maryland Senators — Republicans"</a>. <i>Maryland Manual Online</i>. Maryland State Archives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/mdmanual/05sen/html/senrep.html">the original</a> on October 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maryland+Manual+Online&rft.atitle=Maryland+Senators+%E2%80%94+Republicans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msa.md.gov%2Fmsa%2Fmdmanual%2F05sen%2Fhtml%2Fsenrep.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/07leg/html/caucus/black.html">"Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland, Inc"</a>. <i>Maryland Manual Online</i>. Maryland State Archives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maryland+Manual+Online&rft.atitle=Legislative+Black+Caucus+of+Maryland%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmsa%2Fmdmanual%2F07leg%2Fhtml%2Fcaucus%2Fblack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPamela_Wood,_Luke_Broadwater2019" class="citation web cs1">Pamela Wood, Luke Broadwater (October 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/politics/bs-md-pol-miller-future-20191024-v7etikpg4zauboesibtwprg5xm-story.html">"Miller says he'll step down as Maryland senate president; Democrats pick Baltimore's Bill Ferguson to replace him"</a>. <i>The Baltimore Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Miller+says+he%27ll+step+down+as+Maryland+senate+president%3B+Democrats+pick+Baltimore%27s+Bill+Ferguson+to+replace+him&rft.date=2019-10-24&rft.au=Pamela+Wood%2C+Luke+Broadwater&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fpolitics%2Fbs-md-pol-miller-future-20191024-v7etikpg4zauboesibtwprg5xm-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Members/Index/senate">"Current Senate Members"</a>. <i>General Assembly of Maryland</i>. January 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General+Assembly+of+Maryland&rft.atitle=Current+Senate+Members&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmgaleg.maryland.gov%2Fmgawebsite%2FMembers%2FIndex%2Fsenate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSears2022" class="citation news cs1">Sears, Bryan P. (November 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thedailyrecord.com/2022/11/28/maryland-senate-republicans-choose-new-leadership/">"Maryland Senate Republicans choose Hershey as new leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Record_(Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Record (Maryland)">The Daily Record</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Record&rft.atitle=Maryland+Senate+Republicans+choose+Hershey+as+new+leader&rft.date=2022-11-28&rft.aulast=Sears&rft.aufirst=Bryan+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthedailyrecord.com%2F2022%2F11%2F28%2Fmaryland-senate-republicans-choose-new-leadership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook-47-51-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-handbook-47-51_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook-47-51_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_Department_of_Legislative_Services2006" class="citation web cs1">Maryland Department of Legislative Services (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110318055205/http://mlis.state.md.us/2006rs/misc/Legislative_Handbooks/Volume_I.pdf">"Maryland Legislator's Handbook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 47–51. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlis.state.md.us/2006rs/misc/Legislative_Handbooks/Volume_I.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maryland+Legislator%27s+Handbook&rft.pages=47-51&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Maryland+Department+of+Legislative+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlis.state.md.us%2F2006rs%2Fmisc%2FLegislative_Handbooks%2FVolume_I.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Senate&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mgaleg.maryland.gov">Maryland General Assembly</a> <i>official government website</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110521030623/http://www.vote-smart.org/official_state_legislator.php?type=office&state_id=MD&criteria=upper">State Senate of Maryland</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Vote_Smart" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Vote Smart">Project Vote Smart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Maryland_State_Senate">Maryland Senate</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ballotpedia" title="Ballotpedia">Ballotpedia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maryland_State_Senators" title="Template:Maryland State Senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maryland_State_Senators" title="Template talk:Maryland State Senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maryland_State_Senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maryland State Senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Maryland_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maryland Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><b>446th Maryland General Assembly</b> (2024) <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Maryland_Senate" title="President of the Maryland Senate">President of the Senate</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Bill Ferguson (politician)">Bill Ferguson</a> (D)</dd> <dt>President <i>pro tempore</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Augustine" title="Malcolm Augustine">Malcolm Augustine</a> (D)</dd> <dt>Majority Leader</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nancy_J._King" title="Nancy J. King">Nancy J. King</a> (D)</dd> <dt>Minority Leader</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Hershey_Jr." title="Stephen S. Hershey Jr.">Stephen S. Hershey Jr.</a> (R)</dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col numbered nowrap" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_McKay_(politician)" title="Mike McKay (politician)">Mike McKay</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Corderman" title="Paul D. Corderman">Paul D. Corderman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Karen_Lewis_Young" title="Karen Lewis Young">Karen Lewis Young</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Folden" title="William Folden">William Folden</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Justin_Ready" title="Justin Ready">Justin Ready</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Ray_Salling" title="Johnny Ray Salling">Johnny Ray Salling</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/J._B._Jennings" title="J. B. Jennings">J. B. Jennings</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katherine_A._Klausmeier" title="Katherine A. Klausmeier">Katherine A. Klausmeier</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Katie_Fry_Hester" title="Katie Fry Hester">Katie Fry Hester</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Brooks_(politician)" title="Benjamin Brooks (politician)">Benjamin Brooks</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Shelly_L._Hettleman" title="Shelly L. Hettleman">Shelly L. Hettleman</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Lam" title="Clarence Lam">Clarence Lam</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Guy_Guzzone" title="Guy Guzzone">Guy Guzzone</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Craig_Zucker" title="Craig Zucker">Craig Zucker</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Brian_Feldman_(politician)" title="Brian Feldman (politician)">Brian Feldman</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sara_N._Love" title="Sara N. Love">Sara N. Love</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Kagan" title="Cheryl Kagan">Cheryl Kagan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Waldstreicher" title="Jeff Waldstreicher">Jeff Waldstreicher</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Kramer" title="Benjamin F. Kramer">Benjamin F. Kramer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_C._Smith_Jr." title="William C. Smith Jr.">William C. Smith Jr.</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_Rosapepe" title="James Rosapepe">James Rosapepe</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_T._Washington" title="Alonzo T. Washington">Alonzo T. Washington</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ron_Watson_(politician)" title="Ron Watson (politician)">Ron Watson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joanne_C._Benson" title="Joanne C. Benson">Joanne C. Benson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nick_Charles_(politician)" title="Nick Charles (politician)">Nick Charles</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/C._Anthony_Muse" title="C. Anthony Muse">C. Anthony Muse</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Jackson_(politician)" title="Michael A. Jackson (politician)">Michael A. Jackson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ellis_(Maryland_politician)" title="Arthur Ellis (Maryland politician)">Arthur Ellis</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jack_Bailey_(Maryland_politician)" title="Jack Bailey (Maryland politician)">Jack Bailey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Elfreth" title="Sarah Elfreth">Sarah Elfreth</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Simonaire" title="Bryan Simonaire">Bryan Simonaire</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Beidle" title="Pamela Beidle">Pamela Beidle</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Gile" title="Dawn Gile">Dawn Gile</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mary-Dulany_James" title="Mary-Dulany James">Mary-Dulany James</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jason_C._Gallion" title="Jason C. Gallion">Jason C. Gallion</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Hershey_Jr." title="Stephen S. Hershey Jr.">Stephen S. Hershey Jr.</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mautz" title="Johnny Mautz">Johnny Mautz</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beth_Carozza" title="Mary Beth Carozza">Mary Beth Carozza</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nancy_J._King" title="Nancy J. King">Nancy J. King</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Hayes" title="Antonio Hayes">Antonio Hayes</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jill_P._Carter" title="Jill P. Carter">Jill P. Carter</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chris_West_(politician)" title="Chris West (politician)">Chris West</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Washington" title="Mary L. Washington">Mary L. Washington</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Sydnor_III" title="Charles E. Sydnor III">Charles E. Sydnor III</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Cory_McCray" title="Cory McCray">Cory McCray</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Bill Ferguson (politician)">Bill Ferguson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Augustine" title="Malcolm Augustine">Malcolm Augustine</a> (D)</li></ol> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Democratic</a> (34)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Republican_Party" title="Maryland Republican Party">Republican</a> (13)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maryland Senate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_Maryland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MD_Gov_branches" title="Template:MD Gov branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MD_Gov_branches" title="Template talk:MD Gov branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MD_Gov_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MD Gov branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_Maryland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maryland" title="Government of Maryland">Government of Maryland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Maryland" title="List of governors of Maryland">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Maryland" title="Lieutenant Governor of Maryland">Lt. Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Maryland" title="Secretary of State of Maryland">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_Archives" title="Maryland State Archives">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Aging" title="Maryland Department of Aging">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Agriculture" title="Maryland Department of Agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Department_of_Commerce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maryland Department of Commerce (page does not exist)">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_Department_of_Education" title="Maryland State Department of Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_the_Environment" title="Maryland Department of the Environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_General_Services" title="Maryland Department of General Services">General Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Health" title="Maryland Department of Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Housing_and_Community_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development">Housing & Community Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Labor" title="Maryland Department of Labor">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Maryland Department of Natural Resources">Natural Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Planning" title="Maryland Department of Planning">Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Transportation" title="Maryland Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Maryland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Maryland"><img alt="Flag of Maryland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/90px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/135px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/180px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Senate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Maryland_Senate" title="List of current members of the Maryland Senate">Members</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Maryland_Senate" title="President of the Maryland Senate">President</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">House of Delegates</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="List of current members of the Maryland House of Delegates">Members</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="List of speakers of the Maryland House of Delegates">Speaker</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Maryland_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of judges of the Maryland Court of Appeals">Justices</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appellate_Court_of_Maryland" title="Appellate Court of Maryland">Appellate Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Circuit_Courts" title="Maryland Circuit Courts">Circuit Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_District_Court" title="Maryland District Court">District Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitutional offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_of_Maryland" title="Comptroller of Maryland">Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_Maryland" title="Treasurer of Maryland">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Maryland" title="Attorney General of Maryland">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Board_of_Public_Works" title="Maryland Board of Public Works">Board of Public Works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Commission_on_Human_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Commission on Human Relations">Commission on Human Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Higher_Education_Commission" title="Maryland Higher Education Commission">Maryland Higher Education Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Insurance_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Insurance Administration">Insurance Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Lottery" title="Maryland Lottery">Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Office_of_Administrative_Hearings" title="Maryland Office of Administrative Hearings">Office of Administrative Hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Public_Service_Commission" title="Maryland Public Service Commission">Public Service Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_Commission_on_Criminal_Sentencing_Policy" title="Maryland State Commission on Criminal Sentencing Policy">State Commission on Criminal Sentencing Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Legislatures_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_legislatures" title="Template:United States legislatures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_legislatures" title="Template talk:United States legislatures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_legislatures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States legislatures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Legislatures_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">Legislatures of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">State legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Legislature" title="Alabama Legislature">Alabama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alabama_House_of_Representatives" title="Alabama House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Senate" title="Alabama Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Legislature" title="Alaska State Legislature">Alaska</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Senate" title="Alaska State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_Legislature" title="Arizona State Legislature">Arizona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arizona_House_of_Representatives" title="Arizona House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Senate" title="Arizona Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_General_Assembly" title="Arkansas General Assembly">Arkansas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arkansas_House_of_Representatives" title="Arkansas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Senate" title="Arkansas Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_General_Assembly" title="Colorado General Assembly">Colorado</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colorado_House_of_Representatives" title="Colorado House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Senate" title="Colorado Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_General_Assembly" title="Connecticut General Assembly">Connecticut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Connecticut_House_of_Representatives" title="Connecticut House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_State_Senate" title="Connecticut State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Delaware_General_Assembly" title="Delaware General Assembly">Delaware</a> (<a href="/wiki/Delaware_House_of_Representatives" title="Delaware House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Senate" title="Delaware Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Legislature" title="Florida Legislature">Florida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Florida_House_of_Representatives" title="Florida House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida_Senate" title="Florida Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_General_Assembly" title="Georgia General Assembly">Georgia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_State_Legislature" title="Hawaii State Legislature">Hawaii</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hawaii_House_of_Representatives" title="Hawaii House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Senate" title="Hawaii Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Legislature" title="Idaho Legislature">Idaho</a> (<a href="/wiki/Idaho_House_of_Representatives" title="Idaho House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Senate" title="Idaho Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_General_Assembly" title="Indiana General Assembly">Indiana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Indiana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Senate" title="Indiana Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_General_Assembly" title="Iowa General Assembly">Iowa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iowa_House_of_Representatives" title="Iowa House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Senate" title="Iowa Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Legislature" title="Kansas Legislature">Kansas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kansas_House_of_Representatives" title="Kansas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Senate" title="Kansas Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_General_Assembly" title="Kentucky General Assembly">Kentucky</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kentucky_House_of_Representatives" title="Kentucky House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Senate" title="Kentucky Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Legislature" title="Louisiana State Legislature">Louisiana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Louisiana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Senate" title="Louisiana State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maine_Legislature" title="Maine Legislature">Maine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine_House_of_Representatives" title="Maine House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine_Senate" title="Maine Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maryland_General_Assembly" title="Maryland General Assembly">Maryland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">H</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Legislature" title="Michigan Legislature">Michigan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michigan_House_of_Representatives" title="Michigan House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Senate" title="Michigan Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Legislature" title="Minnesota Legislature">Minnesota</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minnesota_House_of_Representatives" title="Minnesota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Senate" title="Minnesota Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Legislature" title="Mississippi Legislature">Mississippi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mississippi_House_of_Representatives" title="Mississippi House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Senate" title="Mississippi State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_General_Assembly" title="Missouri General Assembly">Missouri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Missouri_House_of_Representatives" title="Missouri House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Senate" title="Missouri Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Montana_Legislature" title="Montana Legislature">Montana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Montana_House_of_Representatives" title="Montana House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana_Senate" title="Montana Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Legislature" title="Nebraska Legislature">Nebraska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Legislature" title="Nevada Legislature">Nevada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nevada_Assembly" title="Nevada Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Senate" title="Nevada Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_General_Court" title="New Hampshire General Court">New Hampshire</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Senate" title="New Hampshire Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislature" title="New Jersey Legislature">New Jersey</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly" title="New Jersey General Assembly">GA</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Senate" title="New Jersey Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Legislature" title="New Mexico Legislature">New Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_House_of_Representatives" title="New Mexico House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Senate" title="New Mexico Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="North Carolina General Assembly">North Carolina</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="North Carolina House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Senate" title="North Carolina Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Legislative_Assembly" title="North Dakota Legislative Assembly">North Dakota</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="North Dakota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Senate" title="North Dakota Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Senate" title="Ohio Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Legislature" title="Oklahoma Legislature">Oklahoma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_House_of_Representatives" title="Oklahoma House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Senate" title="Oklahoma Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Legislative_Assembly" title="Oregon Legislative Assembly">Oregon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oregon_House_of_Representatives" title="Oregon House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Senate" title="Oregon State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">Pennsylvania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives" title="Pennsylvania House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_Senate" title="Pennsylvania State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_General_Assembly" title="Rhode Island General Assembly">Rhode Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives" title="Rhode Island House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Senate" title="Rhode Island Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="South Carolina General Assembly">South Carolina</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="South Carolina House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Senate" title="South Carolina Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Legislature" title="South Dakota Legislature">South Dakota</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="South Dakota House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Senate" title="South Dakota Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_General_Assembly" title="Tennessee General Assembly">Tennessee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tennessee_House_of_Representatives" title="Tennessee House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Senate" title="Tennessee Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Legislature" title="Texas Legislature">Texas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives" title="Texas House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Senate" title="Texas Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Utah_State_Legislature" title="Utah State Legislature">Utah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Utah_House_of_Representatives" title="Utah House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah_State_Senate" title="Utah State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vermont_General_Assembly" title="Vermont General Assembly">Vermont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Senate" title="Vermont Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Senate" title="Virginia Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Legislature" title="Washington State Legislature">Washington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Washington_House_of_Representatives" title="Washington House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Senate" title="Washington State Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Legislature" title="West Virginia Legislature">West Virginia</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="West Virginia House of Delegates">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Senate" title="West Virginia Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Legislature" title="Wisconsin Legislature">Wisconsin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_State_Assembly" title="Wisconsin State Assembly">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Senate" title="Wisconsin Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Legislature" title="Wyoming Legislature">Wyoming</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wyoming_House_of_Representatives" title="Wyoming House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Senate" title="Wyoming Senate">S</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures#Territorial_and_Federal_District_Legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">Other legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Fono" title="American Samoa Fono">American Samoa</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_House_of_Representatives" title="American Samoa House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Senate" title="American Samoa Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Guam" title="Legislature of Guam">Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Commonwealth_Legislature" title="Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Legislature">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_House_of_Representatives" title="Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Senate" title="Northern Mariana Islands Senate">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Puerto_Rico" title="House of Representatives of Puerto Rico">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Senate of Puerto Rico">S</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Legislature of the Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:State_legislature_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:State legislature elections in the United States">Legislative elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2000 United States state legislative elections">2000</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2001 United States state legislative elections">2001</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2002 United States state legislative elections">2002</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2003 United States state legislative elections">2003</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2004 United States state legislative elections">2004</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2005 United States state legislative elections">2005</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2006 United States state legislative elections">2006</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2007 United States state legislative elections">2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2008 United States state legislative elections">2008</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2009 United States state legislative elections">2009</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2010 United States state legislative elections">2010</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2011 United States state legislative elections">2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2012 United States state legislative elections">2012</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2013 United States state legislative elections">2013</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2014 United States state legislative elections">2014</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2015 United States state legislative elections">2015</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2016 United States state legislative elections">2016</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2017 United States state legislative elections">2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2018 United States state legislative elections">2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2019 United States state legislative elections">2019</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2020 United States state legislative elections">2020</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2021 United States state legislative elections">2021</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2022 United States state legislative elections">2022</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2023 United States state legislative elections">2023</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_state_legislative_elections" title="2024 United States state legislative elections">2024</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of U.S. state legislators</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_legislative_sessions" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of United States state legislative sessions">Lists of past U.S. state legislatures</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1494656#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1494656#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1494656#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/126601-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80046012">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007379080005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69w5639">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" 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