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injection</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: plastic injection"> <meta name="keywords" content="plastic injection"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="plastic injection"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1881</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: plastic injection</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1881</span> Effect of Injection Moulding Process Parameter on Tensile Strength of Using Taguchi Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurjeet%20Singh">Gurjeet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Pradhan"> M. K. Pradhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Verma"> Ajay Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The plastic industry plays very important role in the economy of any country. It is generally among the leading share of the economy of the country. Since metals and their alloys are very rarely available on the earth. So to produce plastic products and components, which finds application in many industrial as well as household consumer products is beneficial. Since 50% plastic products are manufactured by injection moulding process. For production of better quality product, we have to control quality characteristics and performance of the product. The process parameters plays a significant role in production of plastic, hence the control of process parameter is essential. In this paper the effect of the parameters selection on injection moulding process has been described. It is to define suitable parameters in producing plastic product. Selecting the process parameter by trial and error is neither desirable nor acceptable, as it is often tends to increase the cost and time. Hence optimization of processing parameter of injection moulding process is essential. The experiments were designed with Taguchi’s orthogonal array to achieve the result with least number of experiments. Here Plastic material polypropylene is studied. Tensile strength test of material is done on universal testing machine, which is produced by injection moulding machine. By using Taguchi technique with the help of MiniTab-14 software the best value of injection pressure, melt temperature, packing pressure and packing time is obtained. We found that process parameter packing pressure contribute more in production of good tensile plastic product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20moulding" title="injection moulding">injection moulding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly-propylene" title=" poly-propylene"> poly-propylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi" title=" Taguchi"> Taguchi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39417/effect-of-injection-moulding-process-parameter-on-tensile-strength-of-using-taguchi-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1880</span> Optimization of Plastic Injection Molding Parameters by Altering Gate and Runner of Feeding System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ramezani">Ali Ramezani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Balancing feeding system of plastic injection molding has overriding importance as it minimizes the process’s product defects such as weld line, shrinkage, sink marks and warpage. This article presents the difference between optimization of feeding system in identical multi-cavity molding and family molding using Moldflow Plastic Insight software. In this work, the effect of dimension, shape, position and type of gates and runners on the products quality was studied. The optimization was carried out by analyzing plastic injection molding process parameters, including melt temperature, mold temperature, cooling time, cooling temperature packing time and packing pressure. It was found that symmetrical feeding system is the most efficient shape for diminishing defects in identical multi-cavity molding. However, the same results were not concluded for family molding due to the differences between volume, mass, thickness and shape of cavities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balancing%20feeding%20system" title="balancing feeding system">balancing feeding system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20molding" title=" family molding"> family molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-cavity" title=" multi-cavity"> multi-cavity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moldflow" title=" Moldflow"> Moldflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20injection" title=" plastic injection "> plastic injection </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126876/optimization-of-plastic-injection-molding-parameters-by-altering-gate-and-runner-of-feeding-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1879</span> Experimental and Theoretical Study of Melt Viscosity in Injection Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Chih%20Lin">Chung-Chih Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Teng%20Wang"> Wen-Teng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Chiuan%20Kuo"> Chin-Chiuan Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chieh-Liang%20Wu"> Chieh-Liang Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The state of melt viscosity in injection process is significantly influenced by the setting parameters due to that the shear rate of injection process is higher than other processes. How to determine plastic melt viscosity during injection process is important to understand the influence of setting parameters on the melt viscosity. An apparatus named as pressure sensor bushing (PSB) module that is used to evaluate the melt viscosity during injection process is developed in this work. The formulations to coupling melt viscosity with fill time and injection pressure are derived and then the melt viscosity is determined. A test mold is prepared to evaluate the accuracy on viscosity calculations between the PSB module and the conventional approaches. The influence of melt viscosity on the tensile strength of molded part is proposed to study the consistency of injection quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title="injection molding">injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melt%20viscosity" title=" melt viscosity"> melt viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test" title=" tensile test"> tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20sensor%20bushing%20%28PSB%29" title=" pressure sensor bushing (PSB)"> pressure sensor bushing (PSB)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7574/experimental-and-theoretical-study-of-melt-viscosity-in-injection-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1878</span> PLA Plastic as Biodegradable Material for 3D Printers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Beniak">Juraj Beniak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%BDubom%C3%ADr%20%C5%A0oo%C5%A1"> Ľubomír Šooš</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Kri%C5%BEan"> Peter Križan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milo%C5%A1%20Mat%C3%BA%C5%A1"> Miloš Matúš</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within Rapid Prototyping technologies are used many types of materials. Many of them are recyclable but there are still as plastic like, so practically they do not degrade in the landfill. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the special plastic materials which are biodegradable and also available for 3D printing within Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology. The question is, if the mechanical properties of produced models are comparable to similar technical plastic materials which are usual for prototype production. Presented paper shows the experiments results for tensile strength measurements for specimens prepared with different 3D printer settings and model orientation. Paper contains also the comparison of tensile strength values with values measured on specimens produced by conventional technologies as injection moulding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20plastic" title=" biodegradable plastic"> biodegradable plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLA%20plastic" title=" PLA plastic"> PLA plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20prototyping" title=" rapid prototyping"> rapid prototyping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37301/pla-plastic-as-biodegradable-material-for-3d-printers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1877</span> Investigation on the Effect of Sugarcane Bagasse/HDPE Composition on the Screw Withdrawal Resistance of Injection Molded Parts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abdol%20Mohammad%20Rezavand">Seyed Abdol Mohammad Rezavand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Nikbakhsh"> Mohammad Nikbakhsh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Withdrawal resistance of screws driven into HDPE/Sugarcane Bagasse injection molded parts was investigated. After chemical treatment and drying, SCB was pre-mixed with HDPE using twin extruder. The resulting granules are used in producing samples in injection molding machine. SCB with the quantity of %10, %20, and %30 was used. By using a suitable fixture, screw heads can take with tensile test machine grips. Parts with screws in the center and edge were fasten together. Then, withdrawal resistance was measured with tensile test machine. Injection gate is at the one edge of the part. The results show that by increasing SCB content in composite, the withdrawal resistance is decreased. Furthermore, the withdrawal resistance at the edges (near injection gate and the end of the filling path of mold cavity) is more than that of the center. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title="polyethylene">polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane%20bagasse" title=" sugarcane bagasse"> sugarcane bagasse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20plastic" title=" wood plastic"> wood plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screw" title=" screw"> screw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=withdrawal%20resistance" title=" withdrawal resistance"> withdrawal resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32925/investigation-on-the-effect-of-sugarcane-bagassehdpe-composition-on-the-screw-withdrawal-resistance-of-injection-molded-parts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">583</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1876</span> A Criterion for Evaluating Plastic Loads: Plastic Work-Tangent Criterion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Zhang">Ying Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, the plastic load is defined by applying the twice elastic slope (TES) criterion of plastic collapse to a characteristic load-deformation curve for the vessel. Several other plastic criterion such as tangent intersection (TI) criterion, plastic work (PW) criterion have been proposed in the literature, but all exhibit a practical limitation: difficult to define the load parameter for vessels subject to several combined loads. An alternative criterion: plastic work-tangent (PWT) criterion for evaluating plastic load in pressure vessel design by analysis is presented in this paper. According to the plastic work-load curve, when the tangent variation is less than a given value in the plastic phase, the corresponding load is the plastic load. Application of the proposed criterion is illustrated by considering the elastic-plastic response of the lower head of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and nozzle intersection of (RPV). It is proposed that this is because the PWT criterion more fully represents the constraining effect of material strain hardening on the spread of plastic deformation and more efficiently ton evaluating the plastic load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20load" title="plastic load">plastic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20work" title=" plastic work"> plastic work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20hardening" title=" strain hardening"> strain hardening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20work-tangent%20criterion" title=" plastic work-tangent criterion"> plastic work-tangent criterion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59204/a-criterion-for-evaluating-plastic-loads-plastic-work-tangent-criterion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1875</span> Algorithms of ABS-Plastic Extrusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitrii%20Starikov">Dmitrii Starikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgeny%20Rybakov"> Evgeny Rybakov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Zhuravlev"> Denis Zhuravlev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastic for 3D printing is very necessary material part for printers. But plastic production is technological process, which implies application of different control algorithms. Possible algorithms of providing set diameter of plastic fiber are proposed and described in the article. Results of research were proved by existing unit of filament production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABS-plastic" title="ABS-plastic">ABS-plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title=" automation"> automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title=" control system"> control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extruder" title=" extruder"> extruder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filament" title=" filament"> filament</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID-algorithm" title=" PID-algorithm"> PID-algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17456/algorithms-of-abs-plastic-extrusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1874</span> Experimental Investigation of Bituminous Roads with Waste Plastic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjita%20Biswas">Arjita Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Potnis"> Sandeep Potnis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastic roads (bituminous roads using waste plastic in the wearing course ) have now become familiar in the Road Construction Sector in India. With the Indian Road Congress Code (IRC SP: 98 -2013), many agencies are coming forward to implement Plastic Roads in India. This paper discuss and compare about the various properties of bituminous mix with 8% waste plastic and normal bituminous mix. This paper also signifies the performance of both the types of roads after 4 months of age under loading conditions. Experiments were carried out to evaluate its performance. The result shows improved performance of plastic roads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bituminous%20roads" title="bituminous roads">bituminous roads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiments" title=" experiments"> experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20roads" title=" plastic roads"> plastic roads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86281/experimental-investigation-of-bituminous-roads-with-waste-plastic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1873</span> Complex Rigid-Plastic Deformation Model of Tow Degree of Freedom Mechanical System under Impulsive Force</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelouaheb%20Rouabhi">Abdelouaheb Rouabhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to study the plastic resource of structures, the elastic-plastic single degree of freedom model described by Prandtl diagram is widely used. The generalization of this model to tow degree of freedom beyond the scope of a simple rigid-plastic system allows investigating the plastic resource of structures under complex disproportionate by individual components of deformation (earthquake). This macro-model greatly increases the accuracy of the calculations carried out. At the same time, the implementation of the proposed macro-model calculations easier than the detailed dynamic elastic-plastic calculations existing software systems such as ANSYS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic-plastic" title="elastic-plastic">elastic-plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20degree%20of%20freedom%20model" title=" single degree of freedom model"> single degree of freedom model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rigid-plastic%20system" title=" rigid-plastic system"> rigid-plastic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20resource" title=" plastic resource"> plastic resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20plastic%20deformation" title=" complex plastic deformation"> complex plastic deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro-model" title=" macro-model"> macro-model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11998/complex-rigid-plastic-deformation-model-of-tow-degree-of-freedom-mechanical-system-under-impulsive-force" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1872</span> Field Scale Simulation Study of Miscible Water Alternating CO2 Injection Process in Fractured Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hooman%20Fallah">Hooman Fallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vast amounts of world oil reservoirs are in natural fractured reservoirs. There are different methods for increasing recovery from fractured reservoirs. Miscible injection of water alternating CO2 is a good choice among this methods. In this method, water and CO2 slugs are injected alternatively in reservoir as miscible agent into reservoir. This paper studies water injection scenario and miscible injection of water and CO2 in a two dimensional, inhomogeneous fractured reservoir. The results show that miscible water alternating CO2¬ gas injection leads to 3.95% increase in final oil recovery and total water production decrease of 3.89% comparing to water injection scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20study" title="simulation study">simulation study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2" title=" CO2"> CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20alternating%20gas%20injection" title=" water alternating gas injection"> water alternating gas injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractured%20reservoirs" title=" fractured reservoirs"> fractured reservoirs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27168/field-scale-simulation-study-of-miscible-water-alternating-co2-injection-process-in-fractured-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1871</span> Evaluating the effects of Gas Injection on Enhanced Gas-Condensate Recovery and Reservoir Pressure Maintenance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20S.%20Alavi">F. S. Alavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Mowla"> D. Mowla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Esmaeilzadeh"> F. Esmaeilzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the Eclipse 300 simulator was used to perform compositional modeling of gas injection process for enhanced condensate recovery of a real gas condensate well in south of Iran here referred to as SA4. Some experimental data were used to tune the Peng-Robinson equation of state for this case. Different scenarios of gas injection at current reservoir pressure and at abandonment reservoir pressure had been considered with different gas compositions. Methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and two other gases with specified compositions were considered as potential gases for injection. According to the obtained results, nitrogen leads to highest pressure maintenance in the reservoir but methane results in highest condensate recovery among the selected injection gases. At low injection rates, condensate recovery percent is strongly affected by gas injection rate but this dependency shifts to zero at high injection rates. Condensate recovery is higher in all cases of injection at current reservoir pressure than injection at abandonment pressure. Using a constant injection rate, increasing the production well bottom hole pressure results in increasing the condensate recovery percent and time of gas breakthrough. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-condensate%20reservoir" title="gas-condensate reservoir">gas-condensate reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case-study" title=" case-study"> case-study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compositional%20modelling" title=" compositional modelling"> compositional modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20condensate%20recovery" title=" enhanced condensate recovery"> enhanced condensate recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20injection" title=" gas injection"> gas injection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153670/evaluating-the-effects-of-gas-injection-on-enhanced-gas-condensate-recovery-and-reservoir-pressure-maintenance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1870</span> Levels of Plastic Waste and Fish Landed By Beach Seine Fishers in Coastal Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Gbogbo">Francis Gbogbo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelica%20Ama%20Essandoh"> Angelica Ama Essandoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wendy%20Teresa%20Baffoe"> Wendy Teresa Baffoe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Groos"> Henry Groos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Mario%20Boateng"> Charles Mario Boateng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Robert%20Blankson"> Emmanuel Robert Blankson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Baseline data on plastic landing by fishers and monitoring of this is important in evaluating the success of plastic waste management efforts. This study investigated plastic and fish landed by beach seine fishers in Ghana, together with the rate of plastic deposition on an adjoining beach. Plastic constituted 31.6% of the total catch, and 41.7% of the fish landed by weight. There were significant differences between the average weight of fish (139.58±53.6kg) and plastic (65.73±14.6kg) landed per fishing session and the catch per unit effort of fish (183.4±76.7 kg/day) and plastic (88.4±35.2 kg/day). The mean weight of plastic landed per fishing session was higher than the mean weight of each of the 26 species of fisheries. The rate of plastic deposition on the beach was 8.1±2.5 plastic items per m2 per tidal cycle or 0.35±0.11kg plastic per m2 per tidal cycle, with food packs and tableware dominating the deposited plastic. The results suggested that ongoing water sachets and plastic bottle recycling in Ghana are yielding results and calls for targeted efforts in plastic food packs and tableware management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fishig" title="fishig">fishig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landing" title=" landing"> landing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20waste" title=" plastic waste"> plastic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intertidal%20area" title=" intertidal area"> intertidal area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fishing%20effort" title=" fishing effort"> fishing effort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181875/levels-of-plastic-waste-and-fish-landed-by-beach-seine-fishers-in-coastal-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1869</span> Visco - Plastic Transition and Transfer of Plastic Material with SGF in case of Linear Dry Friction Contact on Steel Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucian%20Capitanu">Lucian Capitanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virgil%20Florescu"> Virgil Florescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Often for the laboratory studies, modeling of specific tribological processes raises special problems. One such problem is the modeling of some temperatures and extremely high contact pressures, allowing modeling of temperatures and pressures at which the injection or extrusion processing of thermoplastic materials takes place. Tribological problems occur mainly in thermoplastics materials reinforced with glass fibers. They produce an advanced wear to the barrels and screws of processing machines, in short time. Obtaining temperatures around 210 °C and higher, as well as pressures around 100 MPa is very difficult in the laboratory. This paper reports a simple and convenient solution to get these conditions, using friction sliding couples with linear contact, cylindrical liner plastic filled with glass fibers on plate steel samples, polished and super-finished. C120 steel, which is a steel for moulds and Rp3 steel, high speed steel for tools, were used. Obtaining the pressure was achieved by continuous request of the liner in rotational movement up to its elasticity limits, when the dry friction coefficient reaches or exceeds the hardness value of 0.5 HB. By dissipation of the power lost by friction on flat steel sample, are reached contact temperatures at the metal surface that reach and exceed 230 °C, being placed in the range temperature values of the injection. Contact pressures (in load and materials conditions used) ranging from 16.3-36.4 MPa were obtained depending on the plastic material used and the glass fibers content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastics%20with%20glass%20fibers" title="plastics with glass fibers">plastics with glass fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20friction" title=" dry friction"> dry friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20contact" title=" linear contact"> linear contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20temperature" title=" contact temperature"> contact temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20pressure" title=" contact pressure"> contact pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20simulation" title=" experimental simulation"> experimental simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17269/visco-plastic-transition-and-transfer-of-plastic-material-with-sgf-in-case-of-linear-dry-friction-contact-on-steel-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1868</span> Laboratory Investigation of Alkali-Surfactant-Alternate Gas (ASAG) Injection – a Novel EOR Process for a Light Oil Sandstone Reservoir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidit%20Mohan">Vidit Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwin%20P.%20Ramesh"> Ashwin P. Ramesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anirudh%20Toshniwal"> Anirudh Toshniwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alkali-Surfactant-Alternate-Gas(ASAG) injection, a novel EOR process has the potential to improve displacement efficiency over Surfactant-Alternate-Gas(SAG) by addressing the problem of surfactant adsorption by clay minerals in rock matrix. A detailed laboratory investigation on ASAG injection process was carried out with encouraging results. To further enhance recovery over WAG injection process, SAG injection was investigated at laboratory scale. SAG injection yielded marginal incremental displacement efficiency over WAG process. On investigation, it was found that, clay minerals in rock matrix adsorbed the surfactants and were detrimental for SAG process. Hence, ASAG injection was conceptualized using alkali as a clay stabilizer. The experiment of ASAG injection with surfactant concentration of 5000 ppm and alkali concentration of 0.5 weight% yields incremental displacement efficiency of 5.42% over WAG process. The ASAG injection is a new process and has potential to enhance efficiency of WAG/SAG injection process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20surfactant%20alternate%20gas%20%28ASAG%29" title="alkali surfactant alternate gas (ASAG)">alkali surfactant alternate gas (ASAG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant%20alternate%20gas%20%28SAG%29" title=" surfactant alternate gas (SAG)"> surfactant alternate gas (SAG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20investigation" title=" laboratory investigation"> laboratory investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EOR%20process" title=" EOR process"> EOR process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21646/laboratory-investigation-of-alkali-surfactant-alternate-gas-asag-injection-a-novel-eor-process-for-a-light-oil-sandstone-reservoir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1867</span> The Analysis of Defects Prediction in Injection Molding </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Moayyedian">Mehdi Moayyedian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazem%20Abhary"> Kazem Abhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romeo%20Marian"> Romeo Marian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an evaluation of a plastic defect in injection molding before it occurs in the process; it is known as the short shot defect. The evaluation of different parameters which affect the possibility of short shot defect is the aim of this paper. The analysis of short shot possibility is conducted via SolidWorks Plastics and Taguchi method to determine the most significant parameters. Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to analyze two circular flat polypropylene plates of 1 mm thickness. Filling time, part cooling time, pressure holding time, melt temperature and gate type are chosen as process and geometric parameters, respectively. A methodology is presented herein to predict the possibility of the short-shot occurrence. The analysis determined melt temperature is the most influential parameter affecting the possibility of short shot defect with a contribution of 74.25%, and filling time with a contribution of 22%, followed by gate type with a contribution of 3.69%. It was also determined the optimum level of each parameter leading to a reduction in the possibility of short shot are gate type at level 1, filling time at level 3 and melt temperature at level 3. Finally, the most significant parameters affecting the possibility of short shot were determined to be melt temperature, filling time, and gate type. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title="injection molding">injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20defects" title=" plastic defects"> plastic defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20shot" title=" short shot"> short shot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method "> Taguchi method </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56717/the-analysis-of-defects-prediction-in-injection-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1866</span> Xiaflex (Collagenase) Impact on the Management of Dupuytren's Disease: Making the Case for Treatment in a Public Healthcare System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20Barker">Anthony Barker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roland%20Jiang"> Roland Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dupuytren’s contractures are a debilitating condition affecting the palmar fascia of the hand reducing its function. This case series looks at the minimally-invasive technique of Xiaflex injections and the outcome in a public health setting. 15 patients undertook collagenase injection (Xiaflex, C. histolyticum) injection over the period from September 2015 to May 2017 at Fairfield Hospital, NSW. Their reported outcome post injection and in follow-up was recorded as well as their satisfaction and likelihood to request the procedure in the future. Other treatment modalities include percutaneous needle aponeurotomy, limited palmar fasciotomy, and palmar fasciectomy. A literature review of cost-effectiveness was performed to compare Xiaflex suitability for waitlist reduction in a public setting given average waiting times in the public setting extend past 365 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dupuytrens%20Disease" title="Dupuytrens Disease">Dupuytrens Disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xiaflex" title=" xiaflex"> xiaflex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collagenase" title=" collagenase"> collagenase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20surgery" title=" plastic surgery"> plastic surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100347/xiaflex-collagenase-impact-on-the-management-of-dupuytrens-disease-making-the-case-for-treatment-in-a-public-healthcare-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1865</span> Effect of Intraperitoneal Administration of Ghrelin on Serum Glucose and Insulin Levels in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Aghdam%20Shahryar">Habib Aghdam Shahryar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study was investigation on the effect of intraperipheral (IP) injection of ghrelin on serum insulin and glucose levels in native turkey. Seventy-two 28 day (d)-old native turkey were assigned into three treatments and four replicate for 40 days experimental rearing period: group 1, intact without any injection, group 2, injected 50 ng ghrelin/kg body weight (BW), and group 3, injected 100 ng ghrelin/kg BW. Intraperitoneal injection of rat ghrelin was conducted on d 28 and before the onset of the experimental rearing period. Blood samples were taken 12 hr after injection and 40 days after injection. The result showed glucose concentrations have been affected by administered ghrelin and significant between groups (P<0.01). Injection of ghrelin at G 100 increased glucose level of serum in 12 hr after injection and 40 days after injection (276.6 and 260.0 mg/dl, respectively). Also, by increasing the dose of injected ghrelin, insulin levels than the control group showed an increase (P < 0.001). This study suggests roles of ghrelin in serum biochemical regulation may show a different effect of ghrelin on blood parameters in avian species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ghrelin%20injection" title="ghrelin injection">ghrelin injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin" title=" insulin"> insulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title=" glucose"> glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turkey" title=" turkey "> turkey </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34466/effect-of-intraperitoneal-administration-of-ghrelin-on-serum-glucose-and-insulin-levels-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1864</span> Water Injection in One of the Southern Iranian Oil Field, a Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hooman%20Fallah">Hooman Fallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seawater injection and produced water re-injection are presently the most commonly used approach to enhanced recovery. The dominant factors for total oil recovery are the reservoir temperature, reservoir pressure, crude oil and water composition. In this study, the production under water injection in Soroosh, one of the southern Iranian heavy oil field has been simulated (the fluid properties are focused). In order to reveal the dominant factors in this production process, the sensitivity analysis has been done for the following effective factors, fluid viscosity, initial water saturation, gravity force and injection well strategy. It is crystal clear that the study of the dominant factors in production processes will help the engineers to design the best production mechanisms in our numerous hydrocarbon reservoirs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20injection" title="water injection">water injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20water%20saturation" title=" initial water saturation"> initial water saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20viscosity" title=" oil viscosity"> oil viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20force" title=" gravity force"> gravity force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20well%20strategy" title=" injection well strategy"> injection well strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27169/water-injection-in-one-of-the-southern-iranian-oil-field-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1863</span> Novel Framework for MIMO-Enhanced Robust Selection of Critical Control Factors in Auto Plastic Injection Moulding Quality Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Esmail%20Seyedi%20Bariran">Seyed Esmail Seyedi Bariran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairul%20Salleh%20Mohamed%20Sahari"> Khairul Salleh Mohamed Sahari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Apparent quality defects such as warpage, shrinkage, weld line, etc. are such an irresistible phenomenon in mass production of auto plastic appearance parts. These frequently occurred manufacturing defects should be satisfied concurrently so as to achieve a final product with acceptable quality standards. Determining the significant control factors that simultaneously affect multiple quality characteristics can significantly improve the optimization results by eliminating the deviating effect of the so-called ineffective outliers. Hence, a robust quantitative approach needs to be developed upon which major control factors and their level can be effectively determined to help improve the reliability of the optimal processing parameter design. Hence, the primary objective of current study was to develop a systematic methodology for selection of significant control factors (SCF) relevant to multiple quality optimization of auto plastic appearance part. Auto bumper was used as a specimen with the most identical quality and production characteristics to APAP group. A preliminary failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) was conducted to nominate a database of pseudo significant significant control factors prior to the optimization phase. Later, CAE simulation Moldflow analysis was implemented to manipulate four rampant plastic injection quality defects concerned with APAP group including warpage deflection, volumetric shrinkage, sink mark and weld line. Furthermore, a step-backward elimination searching method (SESME) has been developed for systematic pre-optimization selection of SCF based on hierarchical orthogonal array design and priority-based one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The development of robust parameter design in the second phase was based on DOE module powered by Minitab v.16 statistical software. Based on the F-test (F 0.05, 2, 14) one-way ANOVA results, it was concluded that for warpage deflection, material mixture percentage was the most significant control factor yielding a 58.34% of contribution while for the other three quality defects, melt temperature was the most significant control factor with a 25.32%, 84.25%, and 34.57% contribution for sin mark, shrinkage and weld line strength control. Also, the results on the he least significant control factors meaningfully revealed injection fill time as the least significant factor for both warpage and sink mark with respective 1.69% and 6.12% contribution. On the other hand, for shrinkage and weld line defects, the least significant control factors were holding pressure and mold temperature with a 0.23% and 4.05% overall contribution accordingly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20injection%20moulding" title="plastic injection moulding">plastic injection moulding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20optimization" title=" quality optimization"> quality optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FMEA" title=" FMEA"> FMEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title=" ANOVA"> ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SESME" title=" SESME"> SESME</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=APAP" title=" APAP"> APAP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13177/novel-framework-for-mimo-enhanced-robust-selection-of-critical-control-factors-in-auto-plastic-injection-moulding-quality-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1862</span> Influence of Plastic Waste Reinforcement on Compaction and Consolidation Behavior of Silty Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Meftahi">Maryam Meftahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yashar%20Hamidzadeh"> Yashar Hamidzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, the amount of solid waste production has been rising. In the meantime, plastic waste is one of the major parts of urban solid waste, so, recycling plastic waste from water bottles has become a serious challenge in the whole world. The experimental program includes the study of the effect of waste plastic fibers on maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC) with different sizes and contents. Also, one dimensional consolidation tests were carried out to evaluate the benefit of utilizing randomly distributed waste plastics fiber to improve the engineering behavior of a tested soils. Silty soil specimens were prepared and tested at five different percentages of plastic waste content (i.e. 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1% and 1.25% by weight of the parent soil). The size of plastic chips used, are 4 mm, 8 mm and 12 mm long and 4 mm in width. The results show that with the addition of waste plastic fibers, the MDD and OMC and also the compressibility of soil decrease significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silty%20soil" title="silty soil">silty soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20plastic" title=" waste plastic"> waste plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title=" compaction"> compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation" title=" consolidation"> consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement" title=" reinforcement"> reinforcement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108863/influence-of-plastic-waste-reinforcement-on-compaction-and-consolidation-behavior-of-silty-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1861</span> Pressure Drop Study in Moving and Stationary Beds with Lateral Gas Injection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinci%20Mojamdar">Vinci Mojamdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Govind%20S.%20Gupta"> Govind S. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moving beds in the presence of gas flow are widely used in metallurgical and chemical industries like blast furnaces, catalyst reforming, drying, etc. Pressure drop studies in co- and counter – current conditions have been done by a few researchers. However, to the best of authours knowledge, proper pressure drop study with lateral gas injection lacks especially in the presence of cavity and nozzle protrusion inside the packed bed. The latter study is more useful for metallurgical industries for the processes such as blast furnaces, shaft reduction and, COREX. In this experimental work, a two dimensional cold model with slot type nozzle for lateral gas injection along with the plastic beads as packing material and dry air as gas have been used. The variation of pressure drop is recorded at various horizontal and vertical directions in the presence of cavity and nozzle protrusion. The study has been performed in both moving and stationary beds. Also, the experiments have been carried out in both increasing as well as decreasing gas flow conditions. Experiments have been performed at various gas flow rates and packed bed heights. Some interesting results have been reported such as there is no pressure variation in the moving bed for both the increasing and decreasing gas flow condition that is different from the stationary bed. Pressure hysteresis loop has been observed in a stationary bed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20gas%20injection" title="lateral gas injection">lateral gas injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20bed" title=" moving bed"> moving bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20drop" title=" pressure drop"> pressure drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20hysteresis" title=" pressure hysteresis"> pressure hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationary%20bed" title=" stationary bed"> stationary bed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78931/pressure-drop-study-in-moving-and-stationary-beds-with-lateral-gas-injection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1860</span> Effects of Injector Nozzle Geometry on Spray Atomization Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arya%20Pirooz">Arya Pirooz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air and fuel must be mixed correctly so that there is perfect combustion, which calls for fuel atomization by injection. In this study, the effects of different parameters such as number of orifices, length and diameter of orifices, diameter of nozzle sac and the angle of needle seat in injectors were investigated with the use of rate of injection and sac pressure. The unit pump of the OM-457 diesel engine was modelled on Avl-Hydsim. The results illustrate that the sac pressure decreased by 46% when the number of holes were doubled, although the rate of injection had an immense change. Also, the sac pressure increased up to 60% when the diameter of orifices decreased by 40% in spite of the semi-constant injection rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection" title="injection">injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OM-457%20engine" title=" OM-457 engine"> OM-457 engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle%20geometry" title=" nozzle geometry"> nozzle geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomization" title=" atomization"> atomization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7020/effects-of-injector-nozzle-geometry-on-spray-atomization-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1859</span> Experimental Investigation of Compressed Natural Gas Injector for Direct Injection System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafal%20Sochaczewski">Rafal Sochaczewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grzegorz%20Baranski"> Grzegorz Baranski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Majczak"> Adam Majczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the bench research results on a CNG injector at steady state. The quantities measured included voltage and current in a solenoid, pressure of gas behind an injector and injector’s flow rate. Accordingly, injector’s operation parameters were determined according to needle’s lift and injection pressure. The discrepancies between the theoretical (electric) and actual time of injection were defined to specify injector’s opening and closing lag times and the uniqueness of these values in successive cycles of gas injection. It has been demonstrated that needle’s lift has got a stronger impact on injector’s operating parameters than injection pressure. With increasing injection pressure, the force increases and closes an injection valve, which adversely affects uniqueness of injector’s operation. The paper also describes the concept of an injector dedicated to direct CNG injection into a combustion chamber in a dual-fuel engine. The injector’s design enables us to replace 80% of diesel fuel in a dual-fuel engine with a maximum power of 85 kW. Minimum injection pressure is 1,4 MPa then. Simultaneously, injector’s characteristics for varied needle’s lifts and injector’s nonlinear operating points were developed. Acknowledgement: This work has been ﬁnanced by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, under Grant Agreement No. PBS1/A6/4/2012. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNG%20injector" title="CNG injector">CNG injector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title=" diesel engine"> diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20injection" title=" direct injection"> direct injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20fuel" title=" dual fuel"> dual fuel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50146/experimental-investigation-of-compressed-natural-gas-injector-for-direct-injection-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1858</span> Design Consideration of a Plastic Shredder in Recycling Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolulope%20A.%20Olukunle">Tolulope A. Olukunle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastic waste management has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing developing countries. This paper describes the design of various components of a plastic shredder. This machine is widely used in industries and recycling plants. The introduction of plastic shredder machine will promote reduction of post-consumer plastic waste accumulation and serves as a system for wealth creation and empowerment through conversion of waste into economically viable products. In this design research, a 10 kW electric motor with a rotational speed of 500 rpm was chosen to drive the shredder. A pulley size of 400 mm is mounted on the electric motor at a distance of 1000 mm away from the shredder pulley. The shredder rotational speed is 300 rpm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title="design">design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine" title=" machine"> machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20waste" title=" plastic waste"> plastic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53521/design-consideration-of-a-plastic-shredder-in-recycling-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1857</span> Effect of Fuel Injection Discharge Curve and Injection Pressure on Upgrading Power and Combustion Parameters in HD Diesel Engine with CFD Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Chamehsara">Saeed Chamehsara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mostafa%20Mirsalim"> Seyed Mostafa Mirsalim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Tajdari"> Mehdi Tajdari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effect of fuel injection discharge curve and injection pressure simultaneously for upgrading power of heavy duty diesel engine by simulation of combustion process in AVL-Fire software are discussed. Hence, the fuel injection discharge curve was changed from semi-triangular to rectangular which is usual in common rail fuel injection system. Injection pressure with respect to amount of injected fuel and nozzle hole diameter are changed. Injection pressure is calculated by an experimental equation which is for heavy duty diesel engines with common rail fuel injection system. Upgrading power for 1000 and 2000 bar injection pressure are discussed. For 1000 bar injection pressure with 188 mg injected fuel and 3 mm nozzle hole diameter in compare with first state which is semi-triangular discharge curve with 139 mg injected fuel and 3 mm nozzle hole diameter, upgrading power is about 19% whereas the special change has not been observed in cylinder pressure. On the other hand, both the NOX emission and the Soot emission decreased about 30% and 6% respectively. Compared with first state, for 2000 bar injection pressure that injected fuel and nozzle diameter are 196 mg and 2.6 mm respectively, upgrading power is about 22% whereas cylinder pressure has been fixed and NOX emission and the Soot emissions are decreased 36% and 20%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20simulation" title="CFD simulation">CFD simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HD%20diesel%20engine" title=" HD diesel engine"> HD diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upgrading%20power" title=" upgrading power"> upgrading power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20pressure" title=" injection pressure"> injection pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20injection%20discharge%20curve" title=" fuel injection discharge curve"> fuel injection discharge curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20process" title=" combustion process"> combustion process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14565/effect-of-fuel-injection-discharge-curve-and-injection-pressure-on-upgrading-power-and-combustion-parameters-in-hd-diesel-engine-with-cfd-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1856</span> Plastic Degradation Activity of Bacillus Sp. Isolated from the Gut of Plastic-Fed Yellow Mealworm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najat%20El-Kurdi">Najat El-Kurdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Hammad"> Sherif Hammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ghazi"> Mohamed Ghazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20El-Shatoury"> Sahar El-Shatoury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Zakaria"> Khaled Zakaria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing number of plastic production and its importance to humanity in daily life made it a headache to the planet earth. The persistence of plastic wastes in the environment formed a serious problem. They are prominent with their capability to resist microbial degradation for decades. Thus, it was crucial to find ways to eliminate the plastics without depending on conventional recycling methods, which causes the formation of more hazardous compounds and doubles the problem. In this paper, mealworms were fed with a mixture of plastic wastes such as plastic bags, Styrofoam, PE foam, and plastic tarpaulins film as the sole food source for a month. Frass was collected at the end of the test and examined using FTIR analysis. Also, the gut bacteria were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA. The results show the mineralization of plastic in the frass of plastic-fed worms when compared to control. The 16S rRNA and the BLAST analysis showed that the obtained isolate belongs to the genus Bacillus Sp especially Bacillus subtilis. Phylogenetic analysis showed their relatedness to the other Bacillus species in the NCBI database. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mealworm" title="mealworm">mealworm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic-degrading%20bacteria" title=" plastic-degrading bacteria"> plastic-degrading bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut%20microbiome" title=" gut microbiome"> gut microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20sp" title=" Bacillus sp"> Bacillus sp</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146184/plastic-degradation-activity-of-bacillus-sp-isolated-from-the-gut-of-plastic-fed-yellow-mealworm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1855</span> Gas Lift Optimization to Improve Well Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20G.%20H.%20Abdalsadig">Mohamed A. G. H. Abdalsadig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Nourian"> Amir Nourian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20G.%20Nasr"> G. G. Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meisam%20Babaie"> Meisam Babaie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas lift optimization is becoming more important now a day in petroleum industry. A proper lift optimization can reduce the operating cost, increase the net present value (NPV) and maximize the recovery from the asset. A widely accepted definition of gas lift optimization is to obtain the maximum output under specified operating conditions. In addition, gas lift, a costly and indispensable means to recover oil from high depth reservoir entails solving the gas lift optimization problems. Gas lift optimization is a continuous process; there are two levels of production optimization. The total field optimization involves optimizing the surface facilities and the injection rate that can be achieved by standard tools softwares. Well level optimization can be achieved by optimizing the well parameters such as point of injection, injection rate, and injection pressure. All these aspects have been investigated and presented in this study by using experimental data and PROSPER simulation program. The results show that the well head pressure has a large influence on the gas lift performance and also proved that smart gas lift valve can be used to improve gas lift performance by controlling gas injection from down hole. Obtaining the optimum gas injection rate is important because excessive gas injection reduces production rate and consequently increases the operation cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20rate" title=" production rate"> production rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20pressure%20effect" title=" reservoir pressure effect"> reservoir pressure effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20injection%20rate%20effect" title=" gas injection rate effect"> gas injection rate effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20injection%20pressure" title=" gas injection pressure"> gas injection pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46454/gas-lift-optimization-to-improve-well-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1854</span> Research on Steam Injection Technology of Extended Range Engine Cylinder for Waste Heat Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiyuan%20Jia">Zhiyuan Jia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiuxiu%20Sun"> Xiuxiu Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Chen"> Yong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Hai"> Liu Hai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuangqing%20Li"> Shuangqing Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The engine cooling water and exhaust gas contain a large amount of available energy. In order to improve energy efficiency, a steam injection technology based on waste heat recovery is proposed. The models of cooling water waste heat utilization, exhaust gas waste heat utilization, and exhaust gas-cooling water waste heat utilization were constructed, and the effects of the three modes on the performance of steam injection were analyzed, and then the feasibility of in-cylinder water injection steam technology based on waste heat recovery was verified. The research results show that when the injection water flow rate is 0.10 kg/s and the temperature is 298 K, at a cooling water temperature of 363 K, the maximum temperature of the injection water heated by the cooling water can reach 314.5 K; at an exhaust gas temperature of 973 K and an exhaust gas flow rate of 0.12 kg/s, the maximum temperature of the injection water heated by the exhaust gas can reach 430 K; Under the condition of cooling water temperature of 363 K, exhaust gas temperature of 973 K and exhaust gas flow rate of 0.12 kg/s, after cooling water and exhaust gas heating, the maximum temperature of the injection water can reach 463 K. When the engine is 1200 rpm, the water injection volume is 30 mg, and the water injection time is 36°CA, the engine power increases by 2% and the fuel consumption is reduced by 2.6%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20water" title="cooling water">cooling water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaust%20gas" title=" exhaust gas"> exhaust gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extended%20range%20engine" title=" extended range engine"> extended range engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steam%20injection" title=" steam injection"> steam injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20heat%20recovery" title=" waste heat recovery"> waste heat recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128975/research-on-steam-injection-technology-of-extended-range-engine-cylinder-for-waste-heat-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1853</span> The Investigation of the Impact of Process and Location Parameters in Warpage Study of Semiconductor Packages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wheyming%20Song">Wheyming Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ssu-Ping%20Lin"> Ssu-Ping Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary advantage of package-on-package (PoP) packaging is that since it has less volume, it weighs less. But this is also related to its principal drawback, which is warpage. This research investigates how PoP package warpage patterns are affected by assembling process parameters, including substrate temperature, injection speed, injection temperature, and compound forces. We also investigate how warpage patterns are affected by the location of the silicon chip. The methodologies used in this research are design of experiment and warpage simulation via ANSYS. We propose a regression model to predict the warpage value as a function of substrate temperature, injection speed, injection temperature, and compound forces. Our results show that interaction effects exist between substrate temperature and compound forces and between injection speed and injection temperature. Therefore, determining the optimal values for substrate temperature, compound forces, injection speed, and injection temperature cannot be done individually. Also, our results show that the warpage patterns based on the location of silicon chips can be classified into 11 groups, with the largest warpage occurring at the left-most and right-most sides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=package-on-package" title="package-on-package">package-on-package</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warpage" title=" warpage"> warpage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20experiment" title=" design of experiment"> design of experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70571/the-investigation-of-the-impact-of-process-and-location-parameters-in-warpage-study-of-semiconductor-packages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1852</span> Experimental Assessment of Polypropylene Plastic Aggregates(PPA) for Pavement Construction: Their Mechanical Properties via Marshall Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samiullah%20Bhatti">Samiullah Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safdar%20Abbas%20Zaidi"> Safdar Abbas Zaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Murtaza%20Ali%20Jafri"> Syed Murtaza Ali Jafri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper presents the results of using plastic aggregate in flexible pavement. Plastic aggregates have been prepared with polypropylene (PP) recycled products and have been tested with Marshall apparatus. Grade 60/70 bitumen has been chosen for this research with a total content of 2.5 %, 3 % and 3.5 %. Plastic aggregates are mixed with natural aggregates with different proportions and it ranges from 10 % to 100 % with an increment of 10 %. Therefore, a total of 10 Marshall cakes were prepared with plastic aggregates in addition to a standard pavement sample. In total 33 samples have been tested for Marshall stability, flow and voids in mineral aggregates. The results show an increase in the value when it changes from 2.5 % bitumen to 3 % and after then it goes again toward declination. Thus, 3 % bitumen content has been found as the most optimum value for flexible pavements. Among all the samples, 20 % PP aggregates sample has been found satisfactory with respect to all the standards provided by ASTM. Therefore, it is suggested to use 20 plastic aggregates in flexible pavement construction. A comparison of bearing capacity and skid resistance is also observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marshall%20test" title="marshall test">marshall test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene%20plastic" title=" polypropylene plastic"> polypropylene plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20aggregates" title=" plastic aggregates"> plastic aggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20pavement%20alternative" title=" flexible pavement alternative"> flexible pavement alternative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling%20of%20plastic%20waste" title=" recycling of plastic waste"> recycling of plastic waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148528/experimental-assessment-of-polypropylene-plastic-aggregatesppa-for-pavement-construction-their-mechanical-properties-via-marshall-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20injection&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20injection&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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