Portugal: Imigrantes se tornam vítimas de exploração - 27/11/2023 - Mundo

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norte</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/venezuela/">venezuela</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/guerra-da-ucrania/">guerra da ucrânia</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/guerra-israel-hamas/">guerra israel-hamas</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/onde-se-fala-portugues/">onde se fala português</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/">saúde</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrio/">equilíbrio</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ciencia/">ciência</a> </li> <li 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parceiros </a> <a class="u-link-clean c-list-menu__toggle link-icon" href="#sidebarmenu-parceiros" data-toggle="collapse" data-icon=".icon--chevron-down" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidebarmenu-parceiros"> <svg xmlns="//www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="icon icon--chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M 6.2499999,9.800625 7.60125,8.449375 12,12.838542 16.39875,8.449375 17.75,9.800625 l -5.75,5.75 -5.75,-5.75 z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="c-list-menu__sublist collapse" id="sidebarmenu-parceiros" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/aeroin/">Aeroin</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/especial/2018/agencia-fapesp/">Agência Fapesp</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/bbc/">BBC News Brasil </a></li> <li 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data-toggle="collapse" data-icon=".icon--chevron-down" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidebarmenu-fale-com-a-folha"> <svg xmlns="//www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="icon icon--chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M 6.2499999,9.800625 7.60125,8.449375 12,12.838542 16.39875,8.449375 17.75,9.800625 l -5.75,5.75 -5.75,-5.75 z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="c-list-menu__sublist collapse" id="sidebarmenu-fale-com-a-folha" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/falecomafolha/">Canais para o leitor</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www.publicidade.folha.com.br">anuncie (publicidade folha)</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="http://atendimento.folha.com.br">atendimento ao assinante</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" 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<div class="c-news__wrap"> <div class="c-signature"> <strong class="c-signature__author"> <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/autores/giuliana-miranda.shtml">Giuliana Miranda</a> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="c-news__content"> <div class="c-signature c-signature--left" data-force-change-font-size> <strong class="c-signature__location"> Lisboa</strong> </div> <div class="c-news__body" data-news-content-text data-disable-copy data-continue-reading data-continue-reading-hide-others=".js-continue-reading-hidden" data-age-rating="" itemprop="articleBody"> <p>Uma megaoperação da polícia portuguesa, com a participação de quase 500 agentes e ações simultâneas em várias cidades da região do Alentejo, voltou a colocar a situação de exploração da mão de obra de <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2023/08/portugal-ve-seus-cidadaos-deixarem-o-pais-enquanto-bate-recordes-de-imigracao.shtml" rel="" target="">imigrantes em Portugal</a> sob os holofotes.</p> <p>Na intervenção, ocorrida na última terça-feira (21), foi identificada mais de uma centena de trabalhadores estrangeiros explorados na produção agrícola. Os migrantes tinham remunerações entre € 100 e € 200 (R$ 535 e R$ 1.070) mensais —bem abaixo dos € 760 (R$ 4.066) do salário mínimo oficial do país —e viviam em alojamentos superlotados e em condições precárias de higiene.</p> <div ><div class="widget-image rs_skip"> <figure> <div class="c-image-aspect-ratio c-image-aspect-ratio--3x2"> <img alt="" class="img-responsive c-lazyload c-image-aspect-ratio__image" data-srcset=" https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_th.jpg 100w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_xs.jpg 320w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_sm.jpg 480w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_md.jpg 768w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_lg.jpg 1024w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_xl.jpg 1200w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_rt.jpg 2400w " data-sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 850px, 100vw" data-src="https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_md.jpg"> <noscript> <img alt="" class="img-responsive c-image-aspect-ratio__image" srcset=" https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_th.jpg 100w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_xs.jpg 320w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_sm.jpg 480w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_md.jpg 768w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_lg.jpg 1024w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_xl.jpg 1200w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_rt.jpg 2400w " sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 850px, 100vw" src="https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/08/22/169275864464e5727400ae8_1692758644_3x2_md.jpg"> </noscript> </div> <figcaption class="widget-image__subtitle"> Vista de Lisboa a partir do mirante São Pedro de Alcântara - <span class="widget-image__credits">Patricia de Melo Moreira - 28.out.22/AFP</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div><p>O grupo reunia pessoas de países como <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/india/">Índia</a>, Senegal, Paquistão, Romênia, Moldova e Ucrânia. Segundo a Polícia Judiciária (PJ), muitos foram atraídos com falsas promessas de <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/trabalho/">trabalho</a> em <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/portugal/">Portugal</a> quando ainda estavam em seus países de origem.</p> <div class="c-advertising c-advertising--300x250 u-hidden-xs rs_skip"> <div id="banner-300x250-area-materia" class="c-advertising__banner-area"></div> </div> <p>Em declarações após a operação, a inspetora Manuela Santos, diretora da Unidade Nacional de Contraterrorismo da PJ, explicou que muitas das vítimas "são aliciadas, com promessas vantajosas, por meio de anúncios nas páginas de internet".</p> <p>Ao desembarcarem em Portugal, porém, os estrangeiros se deparavam com condições precárias de habitação, além de terem remuneração inferior à prometida. A justificativa da quadrilha para a retenção da maior parte dos salários eram supostas dívidas contraídas na viagem, além de custos superfaturados para pagamento de moradia e alimentação.</p> <div class="player_dynad_tv rs_skip"></div> <p>A situação de exploração foi denunciada às autoridades por pessoas que suspeitaram das condições de vida dos estrangeiros. Em uma das casas, cerca de 20 pessoas viviam apertadas, dividindo um único banheiro.</p> <div ><div data-newsletter-simple data-subscript="3081" data-message=".js-message" data-button=".js-button" data-email=".js-email" class="c-newsletter rs_skip rs_preserve" > <h4 class="c-section-title c-section-title--brand c-section-title--small-spaced">Lá fora</h4> <p class="c-newsletter__subtitle">Receba no seu email uma seleção semanal com o que de mais importante aconteceu no mundo</p> <div class="c-form__default js-newsletter-form"> <div class="c-newsletter__wrapper"> <input type="email" class="c-newsletter__text js-email" name="email" placeholder="Digite seu e-mail"/> <button type="button" class="c-newsletter__button js-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="18" viewBox="0 0 21 18" class="icon icon--arrow-rigth"> <path fill="#333" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M21 9L.01 0 0 7l15 2-15 2 .01 7z"/> </svg> </button> </div> <p class="c-form__info-message c-newsletter__obs js-message is-hidden" aria-busy="false" aria-hidden="true">Carregando...</p> </div> </div> </div><p>Segundo a polícia, muitos dos migrantes encontram-se assustados e com medo de falar abertamente sobre os abusos que viveram. "Há uma pressão psicológica e física muito forte, temos registro de agressões físicas [contra eles]", destacou a inspetora.</p> <p>Ao menos 28 pessoas foram detidas, entre portugueses e estrangeiros —20 eram homens e oito, mulheres. Segundo a Polícia Judiciária, os detidos são suspeitos de uma série de crimes, incluindo: tráfico de pessoas, auxílio à imigração ilegal, angariação de mão de obra ilegal, extorsão, lavagem de dinheiro, fraude fiscal, ofensas à integridade física, posse de arma de fogo e falsificação de documentos.</p> <p>Nos últimos anos, operações que revelam esquemas de exploração de migrantes, sobretudo na agricultura, têm se tornado relativamente frequentes em Portugal, um país envelhecido, com baixa natalidade e cada vez mais <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/blogs/ora-pois/2023/06/brasileiros-eram-307-dos-estrangeiros-em-portugal-em-2022.shtml" rel="" target="">dependente da mão de obra de quem vem de fora</a>.</p> <p>Embora a maioria dos casos aconteça em zonas rurais e mais no sul de Portugal, há situações no entorno de Lisboa. Em junho, uma operação da Polícia Marítima revelou que quase 250 estrangeiros, a maioria de origem asiática, eram explorados na pesca de marisco às margens do rio Tejo, um dos cartões-postais da cidade. A operação se deparou com uma situação similar àquela do Alentejo: jornadas de trabalho acima do que é permitido por lei, remuneração inferior ao salário mínimo e alojamentos superlotados e com estrutura de higiene precária.</p> <div > <div class="js-gallery-widget rs_skip"> <figure class="gallery-widget-pre"> <figcaption class="gallery-widget-pre__caption"> <a href="https://fotografia.folha.uol.com.br/galerias/1756393773448066-professores-tomam-as-ruas-de-lisboa-para-protestar-por-melhores-condicoes-de-trabalho" class="gallery-widget-pre__link">Professores tomam as ruas de Lisboa para protestar por melhores condições de trabalho </a> </figcaption> <a href="https://fotografia.folha.uol.com.br/galerias/1756393773448066-professores-tomam-as-ruas-de-lisboa-para-protestar-por-melhores-condicoes-de-trabalho" class="gallery-widget-pre__link"> <img data-src="https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2023/01/29/167502766463d6e4d0ab2f7_1675027664_3x2_md.jpg" alt="Professores tomam as ruas de Lisboa 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4h3.2v-1.52H4A2.482 2.482 0 0 1 1.52 8zm3.28.8h6.4V7.2H4.8v1.6zM12 4H8.8v1.52H12A2.482 2.482 0 0 1 14.48 8 2.482 2.482 0 0 1 12 10.48H8.8V12H12a4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4z"/></svg> </a> <span class="is-hidden">Copiar link</span> <input type="text" class="gallery-widget-share-clipboard-input is-hidden"/> <button type="button" class="gallery-widget-share-clipboard-close is-hidden"> <svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="icon icon-close"><title>Ícone fechar</title><path d="M16 1.61L14.39 0 8 6.39 1.61 0 0 1.61 6.39 8 0 14.39 1.61 16 8 9.61 14.39 16 16 14.39 9.61 8z"/></svg> </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-widget__loading"> <img src="//f.i.uol.com.br/hunting/furniture/1/common/icons/spin.gif" alt="Loading" class="gallery-widget__loading-spin"> </div> </div> </div>  </div><p>As próprias autoridades portuguesas reconhecem que, embora as operações atinjam as redes criminosas que atuam no país, a exploração dos imigrantes é um problema de difícil resolução. "É um negócio que rende muito às pessoas que exploram, que não vão abandoná-lo", diz Manuela Santos, da Unidade Nacional de Contraterrorismo, destacando a necessidade de ampliar o número de operações.</p> <p>Após enfrentar uma forte crise econômica, que obrigou o país a pedir um resgate internacional em 2011, Portugal viveu uma recuperação econômica na última década. A necessidade de mão de obra para setores intensivos, como agricultura e de serviços ligados ao turismo, ajudou a impulsionar <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2023/02/portugal-agiliza-processo-de-regularizacao-de-migrantes-brasileiros.shtml" rel="" target="">medidas que favoreciam a imigração</a>.</p> <p>Além de não ter a tradição de realizar muitas deportações, o país é um dos poucos da <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/uniao-europeia/">União Europeia</a> que oferece a possibilidade de <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2023/10/portugal-cria-mais-um-orgao-para-lidar-com-avalanche-de-migrantes.shtml" rel="" target="">regularização para estrangeiros</a> que chegaram como turistas, mas acabaram por permanecer sem a documentação adequada.</p> <p>Trata-se de uma combinação atraente, mas que implica uma série de dificuldades. Embora previstos pelas autoridades, os processos de regularização são lentos, burocráticos e, não raro, arrastam-se por mais de dois anos. Nesse período, os estrangeiros ficam ainda mais vulneráveis social e economicamente, sobretudo aqueles que não dominam a língua portuguesa.</p> <div ><div data-newsletter-simple data-subscript="6074" data-message=".js-message" data-button=".js-button" data-email=".js-email" class="c-newsletter rs_skip rs_preserve" > <h4 class="c-section-title c-section-title--brand c-section-title--small-spaced">China, terra do meio</h4> <p class="c-newsletter__subtitle">Receba no seu email os grandes temas da China explicados e contextualizados</p> <div class="c-form__default js-newsletter-form"> <div class="c-newsletter__wrapper"> <input type="email" class="c-newsletter__text js-email" name="email" placeholder="Digite seu e-mail"/> <button type="button" class="c-newsletter__button js-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="18" viewBox="0 0 21 18" class="icon icon--arrow-rigth"> <path fill="#333" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M21 9L.01 0 0 7l15 2-15 2 .01 7z"/> </svg> </button> </div> <p class="c-form__info-message c-newsletter__obs js-message is-hidden" aria-busy="false" aria-hidden="true">Carregando...</p> </div> </div> </div><p>As facilidades migratórias, somadas ao baixo desemprego dos últimos anos, contribuíram para a <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2023/03/portugal-regulariza-66-mil-brasileiros-em-apenas-uma-semana-com-novo-sistema.shtml" rel="" target="">disparada do número de imigrantes</a>. Dados divulgados pelo Ministério da Administração Interna em outubro revelaram que havia oficialmente quase 1,1 milhão de estrangeiros legalmente residentes no país, que tem uma população de cerca de 10,3 milhões de habitantes.</p> <p>Essas cifras representam um crescimento de mais de 179% em relação a 2016, ano em que a imigração voltou a subir —então, havia 392.969 estrangeiros residentes em Portugal.</p> <p>A possibilidade de regularização e de obtenção de nacionalidade portuguesa vem atraindo muitos asiáticos. O crescimento foi tão expressivo que a Índia e o <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/nepal/">Nepal</a> já são, respectivamente, o quarto e o nono país com mais estrangeiros residentes.</p> <p>Em 2000, por exemplo, Portugal tinha apenas dois nepaleses legalmente morando em seu território. Em 2022, eram 23.839.</p> <p>Nascido em uma região próxima à Katmandu, capital do Nepal, Kamal Rai, 29, vive em Portugal há cinco anos. Ele, que agora trabalha como entregador por aplicativos, conta que foi atraído justamente pela possibilidade de obter a documentação adequada.</p> <p>"Fiquei um tempo na Holanda. Conseguia fazer dinheiro, mas tinha muito medo da situação irregular", diz. "Nunca tinha pensado em vir para Portugal, mas fiquei sabendo que era mais fácil e resolvi tentar. Não me arrependo, mas a vida não é fácil, mesmo com os documentos."</p> <p>Sua principal queixa é a baixa remuneração no mercado português. Um levantamento da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) de 2019 indicava que, naquele ano, um estrangeiro ganhava 29% a menos do que um cidadão português.</p> <p>Apesar da chegada de muitos asiáticos, os brasileiros ainda lideram com folga a lista de nacionalidades com maior presença em Portugal, com cerca de 400 mil imigrantes. Desses, cerca de 100 mil conseguiram se regularizar em 2023 graças à <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/2023/02/portugal-agiliza-processo-de-regularizacao-de-migrantes-brasileiros.shtml" rel="" target="">concessão de autorização de residência automática para cidadãos de países da CPLP</a> (Comunidades dos Países de Língua Portuguesa).</p> <p>Como esses números não incluem quem tem dupla cidadania de Portugal ou de outro país da União Europeia nem aqueles que estão em situação migratória irregular, a dimensão real da comunidade brasileira é ainda maior.</p> <p>Por dominarem a língua e contarem muitas vezes com redes de apoio mais estruturadas, os brasileiros não costumam figurar entre as nacionalidades resgatadas nas operações que combatem a exploração de trabalhadores na agricultura.</p> </div> <div class="js-continue-reading-hidden"> </div> <div class="c-news__stars u-no-print js-continue-reading-hidden"> <svg viewBox="0 0 51 12" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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class="c-heading c-heading--tiny"> outros canais </h4> <ul class="l-footer__nav"> <li> <a href="https://datafolha.folha.uol.com.br/"> Datafolha </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://estudio.folha.uol.com.br/institucional/"> Estúdio Folha </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://publicidadelegal.folha.uol.com.br/"> Publicidade Legal </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://folhapress.folha.com.br/"> Folhapress </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://eventos.folha.uol.com.br/"> Folha Eventos </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2022/"> Top of Mind </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div></div></div></div><div class="row "><div class="col col--xs-1-1 col--sm-1-1 col--md-1-1"></div></div></div><div class="col col--xs-1-1 col--sm-1-1 col--md-1-4"><div class="row "><div class="col col--xs-1-1 col--sm-1-1 col--md-1-1"><nav class="l-footer__section"> <h4 class="c-heading c-heading--tiny"> CANAIS DA FOLHA </h4> <ul class="l-footer__nav"> <li> <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/falecomafolha/"> Fale com 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2.5 2.5v17z"/> <g> <path d="M40.6 8.925h-3.175V17.5H35.2V8.925h-3.125V7.1H40.6zM47.75 10.35c.45.475.675 1.25.675 2.3v4.85h-2.15v-4.85c0-.475-.1-.8-.3-.975-.2-.2-.5-.275-.9-.275-.575 0-1 .2-1.25.625v5.5h-2.15V7.1h2.15v3.5c.25-.325.55-.55.9-.725a2.47 2.47 0 0 1 1.125-.25c.825 0 1.45.25 1.9.725zM56.475 14.35h-4.9c.075.475.275.875.6 1.15.325.275.725.425 1.225.425.375 0 .725-.075 1.025-.2.325-.15.575-.35.8-.625l1.025 1.2c-.275.4-.675.725-1.2.975-.525.275-1.125.4-1.825.4-.8 0-1.475-.175-2.05-.5a3.503 3.503 0 0 1-1.35-1.35c-.3-.575-.475-1.2-.475-1.9v-.275c0-.775.15-1.45.425-2.075.3-.6.7-1.075 1.25-1.425.55-.35 1.2-.5 1.95-.5.725 0 1.35.15 1.875.475.525.3.9.75 1.175 1.325s.4 1.25.4 2v.9h.05zm-2.1-1.625c0-.425-.125-.75-.35-1-.225-.25-.55-.375-1-.375-.4 0-.725.125-.95.4-.225.275-.375.65-.45 1.125h2.75v-.15zM68.375 8.925H65.2V17.5h-2.225V8.925H59.85V7.1H68.375zM73.45 9.65c.125.025.225.025.3.05l-.025 2.075c-.275-.05-.525-.05-.775-.05-.775 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1-.175-.175v-8.4c0-.125-.1-.225-.225-.225h-4.4a.17.17 0 0 1-.175-.175V5.9c0-.1.075-.175.175-.175h14.5c.1 0 .175.075.175.175v4.35a.17.17 0 0 1-.175.175h-4.425a.17.17 0 0 0-.175.175v8.425a.17.17 0 0 1-.175.175z"/> </g> </svg> </a> </div> </div><div class="col col--xs-1-1 col--sm-1-1 col--md-1-1"><div class="c-headline c-headline-thumb"> <div class="c-headline__wrapper"> <a href="" class="c-headline-thumb__url"> <p class="c-headline__standfirst">O jornal Folha de S.Paulo (1921 - 2025) é publicado pela Empresa Folha da Manhã S.A. 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