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height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be.svg" width="117" height="12" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" aria-label="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Адмысловае:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be" class=""><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Змест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Змест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Уводзіны" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Уводзіны"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Уводзіны</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Уводзіны-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гісторыя" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гісторыя"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Гісторыя</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Гісторыя-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Змяніць стан падраздзелу Гісторыя</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Гісторыя-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Старажытнасць" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Старажытнасць"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Старажытнасць</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Старажытнасць-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XVI—XVII_стагоддзі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XVI—XVII_стагоддзі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>XVI—XVII стагоддзі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XVI—XVII_стагоддзі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XVIII—XIX_стагоддзі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XVIII—XIX_стагоддзі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>XVIII—XIX стагоддзі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XVIII—XIX_стагоддзі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XX—XXI_стагоддзі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XX—XXI_стагоддзі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>XX—XXI стагоддзі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XX—XXI_стагоддзі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Галіны_фізікі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Галіны_фізікі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Галіны фізікі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Галіны_фізікі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гл._таксама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гл._таксама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Гл. таксама</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гл._таксама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Зноскі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Зноскі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Зноскі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Зноскі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Спасылкі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Спасылкі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Спасылкі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Спасылкі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Змест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Пераключыць змест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Пераключыць змест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Фізіка</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 243 мовах." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-243" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">243 мовы</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ачэх" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачэх" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – афрыкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="афрыкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – швейцарская нямецкая" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарская нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%8D%88%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AE_%E1%88%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%89%B5_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5" title="የተፈጥሮ ሕግጋት ጥናት – амхарская" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የተፈጥሮ ሕግጋት ጥናት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – арагонская" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीव-विज्ञान – ангіка" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जीव-विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангіка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добры артыкул"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="فيزياء – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيزياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%9F" title="ܦܝܣܝܟ – арамейская" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܝܣܝܟ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83" title="فيزيك – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيزيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فيزيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيزيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান – асамская" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – астурыйская" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altelopa" title="Altelopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Altelopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – авадхі" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авадхі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – азербайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – башкірская" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкірская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C4%97ka" title="Fizėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Fizėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фізыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_tab%C3%A8at" title="Èlmu tabèat – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èlmu tabèat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – балгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="балгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="भौतिकी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရူပဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရူပဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – бенгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B" title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ་ – тыбецкая" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тыбецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – брэтонская" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="брэтонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – баснійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="баснійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%80" title="ᨄᨗᨔᨗᨀ – бугіс" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨗᨔᨗᨀ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="бугіс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Физикэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Физикэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – каталанская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%ACk-l%C4%AB" title="Ŭk-lī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭk-lī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – чачэнская" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чачэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – себуана" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуана" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – цэнтральнакурдская" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="цэнтральнакурдская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – карсіканская" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="карсіканская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – чэшская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэшская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – чувашская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffiseg" title="Ffiseg – валійская" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffiseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik – дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fysik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6%C3%B6ckat%C9%94%C9%94r" title="Piööckatɔɔr – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piööckatɔɔr" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – ніжнялужыцкая" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ніжнялужыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijik" title="Pijik – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pijik" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A9%DE%92%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ފީޒިޔާއީ އިލްމު – мальдыўская" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފީޒިޔާއީ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="мальдыўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94" title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ – дзонг-кэ" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="дзонг-кэ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Φυσική – грэчаская" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэчаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AEsica" title="Fîsica – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Fîsica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziko" title="Fiziko – эсперанта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fiziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добры артыкул"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Füüsika – эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Füüsika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – баскская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добры артыкул"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiikka" title="Fysiikka – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsiga" title="Füüsiga – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Füüsiga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – фіджыйская" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="фіджыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Alisfrøði – фарэрская" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alisfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарэрская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physique" title="Physique – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Physique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fesica" title="Fesica – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Fesica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCsiik" title="Füsiik – паўночнафрызская" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Füsiik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="паўночнафрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiche" title="Fisiche – фрыульская" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Fisiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фрыульская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuerkunde" title="Natuerkunde – заходняя фрызская" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Natuerkunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="заходняя фрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisic" title="Fisic – ірландская" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fisic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiosaig" title="Fiosaig – шатландская гэльская" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fiosaig" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шатландская гэльская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – галісійская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галісійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27erekokuaa" title="Mba'erekokuaa – гуарані" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'erekokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарані" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – гарантала" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="гарантала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AB%8C%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્ર – гуджараці" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджараці" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%BCjia" title="Atüjia – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Atüjia" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishig" title="Fishig – мэнская" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fishig" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%CC%8Dt-l%C3%AE-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Vu̍t-lî-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vu̍t-lî-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81laik%C5%ABlohea" title="Kālaikūlohea – гавайская" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālaikūlohea" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="гавайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="פיזיקה – іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – хіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhautik_vigyan" title="Bhautik vigyan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bhautik vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – верхнялужыцкая" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="верхнялужыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – гаіцянская крэольская" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаіцянская крэольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – венгерская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Ֆիզիկա – армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica" title="Physica – інтэрлінгва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Physica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="інтэрлінгва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – ібан" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ібан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – інтэрлінгвэ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="інтэрлінгвэ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%80m%E1%BB%A5%CC%80nt%E1%BB%A5d%E1%BB%8B" title="Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị – ігба" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ігба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – ілакана" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ілакана" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziko" title="Fiziko – іда" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fiziko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="іда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B0lisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Eðlisfræði – ісландская" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eðlisfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ісландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%86%E1%92%AB%E1%91%A6%E1%93%B1%E1%93%95%E1%95%86%E1%93%82%E1%96%85/umatsuliriniq" title="ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ/umatsuliriniq – інуктытут" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ/umatsuliriniq" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="інуктытут" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizix" title="Fizix – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Fizix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/termu%27eske" title="termu'eske – ложбан" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="termu'eske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – яванская" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიკა – грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasengama" title="Tasengama – кабільская" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasengama" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – т’яп" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="т’яп" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – кікуйю" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кікуйю" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – казахская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uumaatsulerineq" title="Uumaatsulerineq – грэнландская" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Uumaatsulerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="грэнландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="រូបវិទ្យា – кхмерская" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រូបវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – канада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="канада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="물리학 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%8F%D8%AA" title="ترٛایُت – кашмірская" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ترٛایُت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмірская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C3%AEk" title="Fizîk – курдская" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fizîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysegieth" title="Fysegieth – корнская" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fysegieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica" title="Physica – лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Physica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ладына" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладына" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – люксембургская" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – лезгінская" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebyobuzimbe" title="Ebyobuzimbe – ганда" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ebyobuzimbe" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ганда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – лімбургская" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лімбургская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixica" title="Fixica – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fixica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADz%C3%ADk%C3%AD" title="Fízíkí – лінгала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Fízíkí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лінгала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C" title="ຟີຊິກສ໌ – лаоская" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຟີຊິກສ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаоская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – літоўская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="літоўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – латышская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – мадурская" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="мадурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्‍त्र – майтхілі" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भौतिक शास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Физикась – макшанская" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Физикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="макшанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – малагасійская" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Физике – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Физике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – мінангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="мінангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="выдатны артыкул"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик – мангольская" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Физик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="мангольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिकशास्त्र – маратхі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भौतिकशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%BCika" title="Fiżika – мальтыйская" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Fiżika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальтыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – мірандыйская" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мірандыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရူပဗေဒ – бірманская" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရူပဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бірманская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – эрзянская" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فزیک – мазандэранская" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فزیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандэранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADseca" title="Físeca – неапалітанская" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Físeca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неапалітанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – ніжненямецкая" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ніжненямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netuurkunde" title="Netuurkunde – ніжнесаксонская" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Netuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ніжнесаксонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – непальская" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – неўары" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неўары" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk – нарвежская (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk – нарвежская (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisike" title="Fisike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fisike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C5%B7sique" title="Phŷsique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Phŷsique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – паўночная сота" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="паўночная сота" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – аксітанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксітанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiiziksii" title="Fiiziksii – арома" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Fiiziksii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="арома" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – орыя" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="орыя" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Физикæ – асецінская" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Физикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="асецінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – панджабі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджабі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsika" title="Físika – пампанга" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Físika" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisike" title="Fisike – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Fisike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiks" title="Fisiks – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Fisiks" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="فزکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فزکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فزیک – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فزیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="выдатны артыкул"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachaykamay" title="Pachaykamay – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pachaykamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizic%C4%83" title="Fizică – румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fizică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizic%C3%A2" title="Fizicâ – арумунская" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Fizicâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумунская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фізіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भौतिकशास्त्रम् – санскрыт" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भौतिकशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – якуцкая" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="якуцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – сардзінская" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардзінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – сіцылійская" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сіцылійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naitural_philosophy" title="Naitural philosophy – шатландская" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Naitural philosophy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шатландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="طبيعيات – сіндхі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="طبيعيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="сіндхі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – сербскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasngama" title="Tasngama – ташэльхіт" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasngama" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташэльхіт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%82%81%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ပၢႆးႁၢင်ႈ – шан" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပၢႆးႁၢင်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="шан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="භෞතික විද්‍යාව – сінгальская" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භෞතික විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сінгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3)" title="طبیعیات (فزکس) – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="طبیعیات (فزکس)" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – самоа" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="самоа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundoyetsimba" title="Fundoyetsimba – шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Fundoyetsimba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiisigis" title="Fiisigis – самалі" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Fiisigis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="самалі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="выдатны артыкул"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – албанская" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabi_fu_natru" title="Sabi fu natru – сранан-тонга" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sabi fu natru" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="сранан-тонга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiksi" title="Fisiksi – сесута" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Fisiksi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="сесута" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – сунда" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fysik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikia" title="Fizikia – суахілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fizikia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இயற்பியல் – тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயற்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೌತ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೌತ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భౌతిక శాస్త్రం – тэлугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భౌతిక శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – таджыкская" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджыкская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟิสิกส์ – тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟิสิกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8A%E1%8B%9A%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ፊዚክስ – тыгрынья" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፊዚክስ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="тыгрынья" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – туркменская" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik%C9%99" title="Fizikə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fizikə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – танганская" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="танганская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntivo-Ntumbuluko" title="Ntivo-Ntumbuluko – тсонга" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ntivo-Ntumbuluko" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="тсонга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – татарская" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiks" title="Fisiks – тумбука" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Fisiks" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="тумбука" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – тувінская" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – удмурцкая" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмурцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="فىزىكا – уйгурская" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فىزىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добры артыкул"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізика – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фізика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="طبیعیات – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طبیعیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – узбекская" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizega" title="Fizega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fizega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="выдатны артыкул"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Vật lý học – в’етнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật lý học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="в’етнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCs%C3%BCd" title="Füsüd – валапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Füsüd" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="валапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizike" title="Fizike – валонская" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fizike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%ABmm" title="Jëmm – валоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jëmm" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="валоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – калмыцкая" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="калмыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifiziki" title="Ifiziki – коса" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ifiziki" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="коса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7" title="פיזיק – ідыш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיזיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ідыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADs%C3%ADks%C3%AC" title="Físíksì – ёруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Físíksì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ёруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuzlij" title="Vuzlij – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vuzlij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ – стандартная мараканская тамазіхт" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="стандартная мараканская тамазіхт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%CC%8Dt-l%C3%AD-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazandalo" title="Umchazandalo – зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umchazandalo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q413#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Правіць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Паказаць уласна змест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Старонка</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B:%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Размовы пра змест гэтай старонкі (няма такой старонкі) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Змяніць моўны варыянт" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Віды"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=history" title="Ранейшыя версіі гэтай старонкі. 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">З Вікіпедыі, свабоднай энцыклапедыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be" dir="ltr"><table style="float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:0.5em; clear:right;; width: 300px; text-align:left; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; background:#FAFAFA"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Комплексная навука • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Прыродазнаўства">Прыродазнаўства</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 125%; background: LightGrey">Фізіка <br /> <small> Φυσική </small> <br /> <small> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:CollageFisica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Прыклады розных фізічных з'яў"><img alt="Прыклады розных фізічных з'яў" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CollageFisica.jpg/250px-CollageFisica.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CollageFisica.jpg/375px-CollageFisica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CollageFisica.jpg/500px-CollageFisica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #BBBBBB; border-right:1px solid #BBBBBB; text-align: left; background:LightGrey"><b>Прадмет<br />вывучэння</b> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #BBBBBB">Матэрыя (у выглядзе рэчыва і палёў) і найбольш агульныя формы яе руху, а таксама фундаментальныя узаемадзеянні прыроды, што кіруюць рухам матэрыі. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #BBBBBB; border-right:1px solid #BBBBBB; text-align: left; background:LightGrey"><b>Перыяд<br />зараджэння</b> </td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #BBBBBB"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V стагоддзе да н. э. (няма такой старонкі)">V стагоддзе да н. э.</a> — <a href="/wiki/XVI_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XVI стагоддзе">XVI стагоддзе</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Фізіка</b> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Навука">навука</a> аб уласцівасцях, формах і будове <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Матэрыя (фізіка)">матэрыі</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Рэчыва">рэчыва</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Поле (фізіка)">поля</a>), найбольш агульных законах яе руху і пераўтварэнняў. Слова паходзіць ад <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грэчаская мова">грэчаскага</a> «фюсіс» (<span style="" lang="grc">φύσις</span> — прырода) і было ўведзена <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арыстоцель">Арыстоцелем</a> як назва аднаго з яго трактатаў. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Уводзіны"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B7.D1.96.D0.BD.D1.8B"></span>Уводзіны</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Уводзіны" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Уводзіны"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Фізіка — галіна навукі, якая вывучае прыроду ў самым агульным сэнсе. Яна вывучае рэчыва і энергію, а таксама <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Фундаментальныя ўзаемадзеянні">фундаментальныя ўзаемадзеянні</a> прыроды, кіруючыя рухам матэрыі. </p><p>Некаторыя заканамернасці з’яўляюцца агульнымі для ўсіх матэрыяльных сістэм, напрыклад, захаванне энергіі, — такія ўласцівасці называюць <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фізічны закон">фізічнымі законамі</a>. Фізіку часам называюць «фундаментальнай навукай», бо іншыя прыродазнаўчыя навукі апісваюць толькі некаторы клас матэрыяльных сістэм, якія падпарадкоўваюцца законам фізікі. </p><p>Фізіка цесна звязана з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Матэматыка">матэматыкай</a>: па сутнасці, для фізікі матэматыка з’яўляецца нечым падобным да мовы, з дапамогай якой фармулююцца фізічныя законы. Фізічныя тэорыі амаль заўсёды запісваюцца ў выглядзе матэматычных выразаў, прычым, у параўнанні з большасцю іншых навук, у фізіцы выкарыстоўваюцца больш складаныя і абстрактныя матэматычныя паняцці. І наадварот, развіццё многіх абласцей матэматыкі стымулявалася патрэбамі фізічных тэорый. </p><p>Паняцці і законы фізікі ляжаць у аснове ўсіх прыродазнаўчых навук (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хімія">хіміі</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біялогія">біялогіі</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Навукі аб Зямлі">навукі аб Зямлі</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астраномія">астраноміі</a>). Адкрыццё фізічных законаў ажыццяўляецца на аснове фактаў, устаноўленых доследным шляхам. Самі фізічныя законы фармулююцца ў выглядзе колькасных суадносін паміж <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Фізічная велічыня">фізічнымі велічынямі</a>. Асаблівае значэнне ў фізіцы маюць <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Законы захавання">законы захавання</a>, якія звязаны з прынцыпамі <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Сіметрыя (фізіка)">сіметрыі</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Прастора">прасторы</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Час">часу</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гісторыя"><span id=".D0.93.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F"></span>Гісторыя</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Гісторыя" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гісторыя"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Асноўны артыкул: <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Гісторыя фізікі">Гісторыя фізікі</a></b></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Старажытнасць"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B6.D1.8B.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.86.D1.8C"></span>Старажытнасць</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Правіць раздзел: Старажытнасць" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Старажытнасць"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Са старажытных часоў людзі спрабавалі зразумець паводзіны і ўласцівасці матэрыі: чаму прадметы падаюць на зямлю, калі́ яны губляюць сваю крэпасць, чаму розныя матэрыялы маюць розныя ўласцівасці, і падобнае. Таямніцаю была і прырода <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Сусвет">Сусвету</a>, сама форма <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Планета Зямля">Зямлі</a>, паводзіны і рух <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Сонца">Сонца</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96)" title="Месяц (спадарожнік Зямлі)">Месяца</a>. Розныя тэорыі спрабавалі растлумачыць гэтыя з’явы, аднак большасць з іх не былі пацверджана эксперыментальна. Аднак былі людзі, якія прапаноўвалі гіпотэзы і знаходзілі доказы для іх, і пасля, у будучыні, гэтыя законы сталі асновай фізікі. </p><p>Паводле <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арыстоцель">Арыстоцеля</a>, фізіка ў аснове сваёй абстрактная. Першасныя якасці матэрыі — дзве пары процілегласцей: «цёплае — халоднае» і «сухое — вільготнае». Злучэнню «халоднага з сухім» адпавядае зямля, «цёплага з вільготным» — паветра, «цёплага з сухім» — агонь. Вядомы даследаванні Арыстоцеля ў механіцы, акустыцы, оптыцы. Знакаміта яго праца «Метафізіка», з якой пачынаецца эра развіцця старажытнай фізічнай і механічнай навук. </p><p>Шмат адкрыццяў і вынаходак у матэматыцы, фізіцы і астраноміі належаць <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Архімед">Архімеду</a>. У прыватнасці, Архімед пабудаваў машыну для арашэння палёў, вінт, рычаг, блок, ваенныя кідальныя машыны. Заклаў асновы <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гідрастатыка">гідрастатыкі</a> (аднаго з раздзелаў механікі). Адкрыў закон дзеяння вадкасці і газу на пагружанае ў іх цела (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Закон Архімеда">закон Архімеда</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Адным з заснавальнікаў сучасных ідэй аб атамна-малекулярнай будове рэчываў фізічных цел з’яўляецца старажытны філосаф-матэрыяліст <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Дэмакрыт">Дэмакрыт</a>. Паводле яго ідэй (якія маюць назву <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Атамістыка">атамістыкі</a>), усе целы, якія існуюць у навакольнай прасторы, складаюцца з дробных непадзельных часціц — атамаў. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XVI—XVII_стагоддзі"><span id="XVI.E2.80.94XVII_.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B4.D0.B7.D1.96"></span>XVI—XVII стагоддзі</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Правіць раздзел: XVI—XVII стагоддзі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: XVI—XVII стагоддзі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Навука пашыралася, набывала моцную матэматычную і тэарэтычную аснову. Прапанаваліся розныя тэорыі, адкрываліся фундаментальныя законы. Пачала складвацца механічная карціна свету, фундамент якой стварылі такія знакамітыя вучоныя-фізікі, як <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Галілеа Галілей">Галілеа Галілей</a> (1564—1642) і <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ісаак Ньютан">Ісаак Ньютан</a> (1643—1727). Таму менавіта ў іх гонар <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класічная механіка">класічная механіка</a> часта называецца механікай Галілея — Ньютана. Але разам з імі асновы класічнай фізікі закладвалі такія выдатныя вучоныя, як <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Блез Паскаль">Блез Паскаль</a> (1623—1662), <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Эванджэліста Тарычэлі">Эванджэліста Тарычэлі</a> (1608—1647), <span data-interwiki-lang="ru" data-interwiki-article="Мариотт, Эдм"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%91%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эдм Марыёт (няма такой старонкі)"><span class="iw-nonexists">Эдм Марыёт</span></a></span><span class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"><sup><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="ru:Мариотт, Эдм"><span title="Мариотт, Эдм — версія артыкула «Эдм Марыёт» на рускай мове">[ru]</span></a></sup></span> (1620—1684), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Роберт Бойль">Роберт Бойль</a> (1627—1691), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Роберт Гук">Роберт Гук</a> (1635—1703), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Хрысціян Гюйгенс">Хрысціян Гюйгенс</a> (1629—1695) і іншыя. </p><p>Iтальянскі фізік і астраном <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Галілеа Галілей">Галілеа Галілей</a> даказаў пастаянства <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Паскарэнне свабоднага падзення">паскарэння свабоднага падзення</a>, першым устанавіў заканамернасці руху па інерцыі (што стала асновай для закона інерцыі Ньютана). У 1609 годзе пабудаваў першую <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Падзорная труба (няма такой старонкі)">падзорную трубу</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Тэлескоп">тэлескоп</a>). Вынайшаў <span data-interwiki-lang="ru" data-interwiki-article="Термоскоп"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тэрмаскоп (няма такой старонкі)"><span class="iw-nonexists">тэрмаскоп</span></a></span><span class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"><sup><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" class="extiw" title="ru:Термоскоп"><span title="Термоскоп — версія артыкула «Тэрмаскоп» на рускай мове">[ru]</span></a></sup></span> (правобраз <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80" title="Тэрмометр">тэрмометра</a>), сканструяваў гідрастатычныя вагі, распрацоўваў <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83" title="Геліяцэнтрычная сістэма свету">геліяцэнтрычную сістэму светабудовы</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Мікалай Капернік">Каперніка</a>. Ад Галілея бярэ пачатак фізіка як навука. </p><p>У 1643 годзе італьянскі фізік і матэматык <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Эванджэліста Тарычэлі">Эванджэліста Тарычэлі</a> адкрыў існаванне <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%86%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Атмасферны ціск">атмасфернага ціску</a>. Вынайшаў <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ртутны барометр (няма такой старонкі)">ртутны барометр</a>. Сфармуляваў закон выцякання вадкасці праз адтуліны сасуда і вывеў формулу скорасці выцякання (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96_(%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Формула Тарычэлі (гідрадынаміка)">формула Тарычэлі</a>). </p><p>У 1653 годзе французскі матэматык, фізік і філосаф <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Блез Паскаль">Блез Паскаль</a> адкрыў асноўны закон гідрастатыкі (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Закон Паскаля"><span class="iw--exists">закон Паскаля</span></a><span class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"></span><span style="font-style:normal; font-weight:bold;"><sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_5#Калі_існуе_артыкул" title="Шаблон:Не перакладзена 5"><span style="color:red;"><span title="Прыбярыце шаблон «Не перакладзена 5» з артыкула і замяніце яго простай вікі-спасылкай">?!</span></span></a></sup></span>). Сваімі працамі пацвердзіў існаванне атмасфернага ціску і яго залежнасць ад вышыні. Таксама даказаў, што <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Паветра">паветра</a> мае вагу<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>У 1676 годзе знакаміты англійскі вучоны-фізік і матэматык <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Роберт Гук">Роберт Гук</a> сфармуляваў закон залежнасці модуля <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96" title="Сіла пругкасці">сілы пругкасці</a> ад абсалютнай <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дэфармацыя">дэфармацыі</a> цела пры <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Пругкая дэфармацыя">пругкіх дэфармацыях</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Закон Гука">закон Гука</a>) у сваёй анаграмме «Ut tension sic vis» («Як напружанне, так сіла»). </p><p>У сваёй знакамітай фундаментальнай працы па фізіцы «Матэматычныя асновы натуральнай філасофіі» (1687) вялікі англійскі вучоны, фізік, матэматык і астраном <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ісаак Ньютан">Ісаак Ньютан</a> сфармуляваў адкрытыя ім <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Закон сусветнага прыцягнення">закон сусветнага прыцягнення</a> і асноўныя законы механікі (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Законы Ньютана">першы, другі і трэці законы Ньютана</a>, або закон інэрцыі, асноўны закон дынамікі і закон дзеяння і супрацьдзеяння адпаведна). Шмат работ Ньютан прысвяціў вывучэнню <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Трэнне">трэння</a>, стварыў фізічную карціну свету, шмат адкрыццяў зрабіў у <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптыка">оптыцы</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XVIII—XIX_стагоддзі"><span id="XVIII.E2.80.94XIX_.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B4.D0.B7.D1.96"></span>XVIII—XIX стагоддзі</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Правіць раздзел: XVIII—XIX стагоддзі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: XVIII—XIX стагоддзі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>18 стагоддзе было багатае на значныя адкрыцці ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэрмадынаміка">тэрмадынаміцы</a>. У 1733 г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Данііл Бернулі">Данііл Бернулі</a>, з дапамогай статыстычных метадаў класічнай механікі, атрымаў шэраг вынікаў у <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Малекулярна-кінетычная тэорыя газаў (няма такой старонкі)">кінетычнай тэорыі газаў</a>, тым самым даўшы пачатак развіццю <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Статыстычная механіка">статыстычнай механікі</a>. </p><p>У сярэдзіне XIX стагоддзя <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD)" title="Уільям Томсан (лорд Кельвін)">Уільям Томпсан (лорд Кельвін)</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Рудольф Юліус Эмануэль Клаўзіус">Рудольф Клаўзіус</a> залажылі асновы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэрмадынаміка">тэрмадынамікі</a>. У 1847 г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юліус Роберт Маер">Юліус Маер</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Джэймс Прэскат Джоўль">Джэймс Джоўль</a> сфармулявалі агульны <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%96" title="Закон захавання энергіі">закон захавання энергіі</a>. </p><p>Электрычнасць і магнетызм былі вывучаны <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Майкл Фарадэй">Фарадэем</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9E%D0%BC" title="Георг Ом">Омам</a>, і іншымі навукоўцамі. У 1855 г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Джэймс Клерк Максвел">Максвел</a> аб’яднаў гэтыя дзве з’явы ў адзінай тэорыі <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Электрамагнетызм">электрамагнетызму</a>, апісаўшы іх <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ураўненні Максвела">ураўненнямі</a>. З гэтае тэорыі вынікала, што святло ўяўляе сабою <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Электрамагнітныя хвалі">электрамагнітныя хвалі</a>. </p><p>У 1895 г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Вільгельм Конрад Рэнтген">Рэнтген</a> адкрыў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Рэнтгенаўскае выпраменьванне">Х-выпраменьванне</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Электрамагнітнае выпраменьванне">электрамагнітнае выпраменьванне</a> з вельмі высокаю <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Частата">частатою</a>, што падштурхнула да вывучэння <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Радыеактыўнасць">радыеактыўнасці</a>, якая была адкрыта ў 1896 г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Антуан Анры Бекерэль">Анры Бекерэлем</a> і вывучана <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B" title="П’ер Кюры">П’ерам</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Марыя Складоўская-Кюры">Марыяй Кюры</a>, а таксама іншымі даследчыкамі. Гэта заклала асновы новай вобласці — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ядзерная фізіка">ядзернай фізікі</a>. </p><p>У 1897 г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Джозеф Джон Томсан">Джозеф Томсан</a> адкрыў <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Электрон">электрон</a>, адзін з асноўных носьбітаў <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Электрычны зарад">зараду</a>. У 1904 г. прапанаваў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мадэль атама Томсана">першую мадэль атама</a>. (Існаванне <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Атам">атамаў</a> было прадказана <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Джон Дальтан">Джонам Дальтанам</a> у 1808 г.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XX—XXI_стагоддзі"><span id="XX.E2.80.94XXI_.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B4.D0.B7.D1.96"></span>XX—XXI стагоддзі</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Правіць раздзел: XX—XXI стагоддзі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: XX—XXI стагоддзі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>У 1905 г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштэйн">Альберт Эйнштэйн</a> сфармуляваў асноўныя палажэнні <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96" title="Тэорыя адноснасці">тэорыі адноснасці</a> і стварыў новую <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рэлятывісцкая тэорыя гравітацыі (няма такой старонкі)">рэлятывісцкую тэорыю гравітацыі</a>. Ён быў адным з вучоных, што стаялі ля вытокаў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая фізіка">квантавай фізікі</a>. </p><p>У 1911 г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эрнэст Рэзерфорд">Эрнэст Рэзерфорд</a> правёў шэраг эксперыментаў з рассейваннем <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Альфа-часціца">альфа-часціц</a> і даказаў існаванне кампактнага дадатна <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Электрычны зарад">зараджанага</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атамнае ядро">ядра атама</a>. Нейтральна зараджаныя часціцы — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нейтрон">нейтроны</a>, былі выяўлены <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Джэймс Чэдвік">Джэймсам Чэдвікам</a> у 1932 г. </p><p>У пачатку XX ст. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк">Планк</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштэйн">Эйнштэйн</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Нільс Бор">Бор</a> і іншыя растлумачылі выяўленыя ў эксперыментах анамаліі (якія, як высветлілася, былі праявамі квантавай прыроды матэрыі), а затым прадставілі канцэпцыю дыскрэтных энергетычных узроўняў. У 1925 г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Вернер Карл Гейзенберг">Гейзенберг</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвін Шродзінгер">Шродзінгер</a> сфармулявалі асноўныя палажэнні <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая механіка">квантавае механікі</a>, якая ўключала набытыя раней веды пра квантавы свет і тлумачыла вынікі многіх эксперыментаў. У квантавай механіцы фізічныя вымярэнні маюць <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Імавернасць">імавернасны</a> характар. </p><p>У рамках квантавай механікі былі распрацаваны тэарэтычныя метады для вывучэння ўласцівасцей цвёрдых цел і вадкасцей, у тым ліку такіх з’яў, як <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Крышталічная структура (няма такой старонкі)">крышталічная структура</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Электрычная праводнасць">праводнасць</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Звышправоднасць">звышправоднасць</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Звышцякучасць">звышцякучасць</a>. Сярод першапраходцаў у гэтай вобласці фізікі вылучаюць <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Фелікс Блох">Блоха</a>, які здолеў растлумачыць паводзіны электронаў у крышталічных структурах. </p><p>Падчас <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Другая Сусветная вайна">Другой Сусветнай вайны</a>, усе ваюючыя бакі праводзілі інтэнсіўныя даследаванні ў галіне <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ядзерная фізіка">ядзернай фізікі</a>, жадаючы зрабіць <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Атамная бомба">атамную бомбу</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая ядзерная праграма">Намаганні немцаў</a> не ўвянчаліся поспехам, але <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Манхэтэнскі праект">Манхэтэнскі праект</a> дасягнуў мэты. У Амерыцы ў 1942 г. каманда на чале з <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Энрыка Фермі">Фермі</a> дасягнула першай штучнай <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ланцуговая ядзерная рэакцыя">ланцуговай ядзернай рэакцыі</a>, а ў 1945 г. першы ядзерны выбух прагрымеў у <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нью-Мексіка">Нью-Мексіка</a>. </p><p>У сярэдзіне XX ст. было апісана <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Электрамагнітнае ўзаемадзеянне">электрамагнітнае ўзаемадзеянне</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Квантавая тэорыя поля">Квантавая тэорыя поля</a> паслужыла асновай для сучаснай тэорыі часціц, якая займаецца вывучэннем <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Фундаментальныя ўзаемадзеянні">фундаментальных сіл</a> прыроды і <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Элементарная часціца">элементарных часціц</a>. У трэцяй чвэрці 20 ст. <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Янг Чжэньнін">Янг</a> і <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роберт Мілс (няма такой старонкі)">Мілс</a> паспяхова апісалі ўсе вядомыя на дадзены момант часціцы. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Галіны_фізікі"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.96.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D1.84.D1.96.D0.B7.D1.96.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Галіны фізікі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Правіць раздзел: Галіны фізікі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Галіны фізікі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:STS41B-35-1613_-_Bruce_McCandless_II_during_EVA_(Retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/STS41B-35-1613_-_Bruce_McCandless_II_during_EVA_%28Retouched%29.jpg/220px-STS41B-35-1613_-_Bruce_McCandless_II_during_EVA_%28Retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/STS41B-35-1613_-_Bruce_McCandless_II_during_EVA_%28Retouched%29.jpg/330px-STS41B-35-1613_-_Bruce_McCandless_II_during_EVA_%28Retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/STS41B-35-1613_-_Bruce_McCandless_II_during_EVA_%28Retouched%29.jpg/440px-STS41B-35-1613_-_Bruce_McCandless_II_during_EVA_%28Retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5256" data-file-height="5420" /></a><figcaption>Касманаўт і Зямля — абодва знаходзяцца ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Свабоднае падзенне">свабодным падзенні</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класічная механіка">класічная механіка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Малекулярная фізіка">малекулярная фізіка</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэрмадынаміка">тэрмадынаміка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электрастатыка">электрастатыка</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электрадынаміка">электрадынаміка</a> і фізіка <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Электрамагнетызм">электрамагнітных з’яў</a></li> <li>фізіка <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Электрамагнітныя хвалі">электрамагнітных хваль</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптыка">оптыка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Рэлятывісцкая фізіка">рэлятывісцкая фізіка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая фізіка">квантавая фізіка</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атамная фізіка">атамная</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ядзерная фізіка">ядзерная фізіка</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гл._таксама"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB._.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Гл. таксама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Правіць раздзел: Гл. таксама" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гл. таксама"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%9E_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96" title="Фізіка ў Беларусі">Фізіка ў Беларусі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Неразвязаныя праблемы сучаснай фізікі (няма такой старонкі)">Неразвязаныя праблемы сучаснай фізікі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Фундаментальныя фізічныя пастаянныя">Фундаментальныя фізічныя пастаянныя</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Спіс фізічных часопісаў (няма такой старонкі)">Спіс фізічных часопісаў</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фізічны гумар (няма такой старонкі)">Фізічны гумар</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Зноскі"><span id=".D0.97.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Зноскі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Правіць раздзел: Зноскі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Зноскі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Физика: учеб. для 7-го кл. учреждений общ. сред. образования с рус. яз. обучения / Л. А. Исаченкова, Ю. Д. Лещинский; под ред. Л. А. Исаченковой. — 2-е изд., пересмотр. — Минск: Нар. асвета, 2013. — 183 с.: ил.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Физика: учеб. пособие для 10-го кл. общеобразоват. шк. с рус. яз. обучения / В. В. Жилко, А. В. Лавриненко, Л. Г. Маркович. — Минск: Нар. асвета, 2001. — 319 с.: ил.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Спасылкі"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Спасылкі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Правіць раздзел: Спасылкі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Спасылкі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physfak.org.harmony.neolocation.net/">Неафіцыйная старонка фізфака БДУ</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130956/http://physfak.org.harmony.neolocation.net/">Архівавана</a> 4 сакавіка 2016.</span></small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://byenergy.org/">Альтэрнатыўная энергетыка. Погляд з Беларусі</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091215004115/http://byenergy.org/">Архівавана</a> 15 снежня 2009.</span></small></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4785216">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Вобласці_прыродазнаўства" data-name="Прыродазнаўства" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></span><div id="Вобласці_прыродазнаўства" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em">Вобласці <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Прыродазнаўчыя навукі">прыродазнаўства</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астраномія">Астраномія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біялогія">Біялогія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хімія">Хімія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Навукі аб Зямлі">Навукі пра Зямлю</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Фізіка</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4785216"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Навука" data-name="Навука" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></span><div id="Навука" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Навука">Навука</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #ccc;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Навуковыя_кірункі" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Навука">Навуковыя кірункі</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Гуманітарныя навукі">Гуманітарныя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Прыродазнаўчыя навукі">Натуральныя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Грамадскія навукі">Грамадскія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Прыкладныя даследаванні">Прыкладныя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Тэхнічныя навукі">Тэхнічныя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Дакладныя навукі">Дакладныя</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астраномія">Астраномія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біялогія">Біялогія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геаграфія">Геаграфія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геалогія">Геалогія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Інфарматыка">Інфарматыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гісторыя">Гісторыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мовазнаўства">Мовазнаўства</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Матэматыка">Матэматыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медыцына">Медыцына</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Псіхалогія">Псіхалогія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Паліталогія">Паліталогія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сацыялогія">Сацыялогія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Фізіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Філалогія">Філалогія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хімія">Хімія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эканоміка">Эканоміка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Юрыспрудэнцыя">Юрыспрудэнцыя</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:xx-small; border-top: 1px dotted #ccc;"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Спіс акадэмічных дысцыплін (няма такой старонкі)">Спіс акадэмічных дысцыплін</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4785216"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Навігацыйны шаблон" data-name="External links" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist toCollapsibleCount navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><div style="padding: 0px 18px 0px 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="noprint plainlinks nowrap" style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⚙️" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> </span></div>  Слоўнікі і энцыклапедыі</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=138038">Вялікая кітайская</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/fysikk">Вялікая нарвежская</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/4710923">Вялікая расійская (старая версія)</a> · <a href="https://be.wikisource.org/wiki/ru:%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="s:ru:ЭСБЕ/Физика">Бракгаўза і Эфрона</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eleven.co.il/article/14272">Кароткая яўрэйская</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/nauka_i_tehnika/fizika/FIZIKA.html">Кругасвет</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/physique/79525">Ларуса</a> · <a href="https://be.wikisource.org/wiki/ru:%D0%9C%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="s:ru:МЭСБЕ/Физика">Малы Бракгаўза і Эфрона</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/physics-science">Britannica (онлайн)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/physik-20">Brockhaus</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fisica">Treccani</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/physique-les-fondements-et-les-methodes/">Universalis</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/physique-vue-d-ensemble/">Universalis</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F008284.php">Швейцарскі гістарычны</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3748793">.mw-parser-output .ts-navbox-plaintitle{font-size:100%!important;margin:0 6em!important}</style></div><table class="nowraplinks authoritycontrol collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Нарматыўны_кантроль" class="ts-navbox-plaintitle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нарматыўны кантроль">Нарматыўны кантроль</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Нацыянальная бібліятэка Францыі">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933127h">11933127h</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4045956-1">4045956-1</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Кантрольны нумар Бібліятэкі Кангрэса">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85101653">sh85101653</a> · <span title="Microsoft Academic" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">Microsoft</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/121332964">121332964</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Нацыянальная парламенцкая бібліятэка Японіі">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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