CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91342f4fd96040e3',cH: 'Q3QoWsBFandAT2rCCU4_Tfd2WSrpb.TF2XJlQLlf.DA-1739778608-1.2.1.1-HWWXXuosuX7nb7JtlA9y1epk9Xei85xoiv.Nqot9pdfhOH3HTV5W6X1X.Nn1WjEx',cUPMDTk: "\/9253\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=F0V7y91X2exzacruh6wbDY_kwUkNeLfC0Wi0BlknUn8-1739778608-1.0.1.1-gOAMnGSmBZlVQr0lASh9fa1Yb7J49bXPZDz3PN_m36Y",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778608',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9253\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=F0V7y91X2exzacruh6wbDY_kwUkNeLfC0Wi0BlknUn8-1739778608-1.0.1.1-gOAMnGSmBZlVQr0lASh9fa1Yb7J49bXPZDz3PN_m36Y",md: "8_UMbFKYLQsbOn5nQSS_5upK0Y2oJ9ZbTOLN.I_Zkbk-1739778608-1.2.1.1-o4mNevY5bz_P2SgjZICLPo_rZlLGeSpNphHfal8NOjVsQaCz7Ioq.csHXRGa2volePyLdvMwpg1.ELotqUGSy8GDVxe0flFRPcZ_p0IyXr8bj.zwUlmCTwWQQs7DdI8LvUkRxOv6q8UzcVOn9vmRlV5WgchRMCA67AB69oXRdKQCYJyCoZIx0NF5.VTVbFpwGoKTAuH_iPs.kYSxhvfs6Xx5Y4smrU71Qz8vVkvWWWlEUcayfqQq1gCGsJCR17kUA6YIowmZi.Zf5rBRJ4eAtxIulqAr2U6f3o7X56k4aoMe0FPqh.zVoz3KM29BhMT3FJiObvqo8kMQ_zETLlZYLa_4GTEG3kpTJaAC50aQUvaYbWGRZDhNuLpj0NchlbosSvYP9j6oN5d0sWOCRTfCwVvGLEVL4.58YK5DDrYsD_9pLGlQb5xLADpR0IKKkJWxPlxtlP3dhrEzsAgX3UxYlhMAsLJqCWERde5TEVKZsjFPH00sj5Dhe3jPA84K04hI9JWNx4H6UV36WbkWdKn_PW7mlfKVYFSwWSdkeLMz6oSWLQ5QYqz3p6JFZsWxLr.78j9G0p492dHv2gjQl3nnmYdeXS7vjc8UgfnZsQnCbrHH15wE.C5MQ29QHVO6AT1aVWIaYWIQ1hKMlxTLnAKkbH1U9m8SRRMg73FRZ2nBcAM9ql.xx8zRIuLQFTY3z.o8we7jvZwESt5vXH7T9mcg4bAFsNSPaABATcMg6YWEnzgdtQOgZy2rCe.AP5dICawMJzyGg2sSQFRkBZSbc7HKiJgtcM5mA3dSI3OttQ1alwPn5ooAKs56eLjF5H6HwZhOteSMwaJ_18hlVukd4a68zaVn5ORtPw3Fsi6NSH4Jl8XWtNa1VKPVG6fEcWDvxLz0K2G3BH9EYQXoYkETxXmKA8V79KzgJ_uHW.W3JErYKNJIwozGybQgKdCrvtOFFJxs5sqYi3aSPuMLoN4eTON_W1BBeSdcBcQWl1RY9RCP.TrqRYdr5vcmnIWyM6xS3HotLp7d9eSfXtY_m.pKABgFH9PBREFTNtpaQP0yrWQwVWTHQCI60ToXs2yo4x7GRfNidUuoY9Og22wRgxBVr_dl5B2sB8_LrEcEGYT1nDGYstlPs8Ys2vBZNJrFTBjGfCiZxBS35fa7YFuE2fPwcF_JFIBkHba4Z_UCGHXsrE3NAjFcPu1Q417v_3Z_wQTI5TjiMXrGKzt56kVM1U_AXvnlt7GmVhWGx.nwHt0u33Ux8u0xZky9E2RGKvSx1b20tmy4_KGcOC6osMGr1dUUF9Y2IXxfA.umOWtm8C_NA5eZokxriNXlS1RJOSHFDehCVenut8akaUcsfTze4DRfLx2AaxDTNk0YKsf8eHuLZr8sX_5mpgnccEAXW2R0Ns4fawJDQ_lRX1ddWOL_RJ6Kw7oOacecTxKYxCEQYBQIeQO.mheU1t2CGpCGoTcrLBPk5hz7gprJdtuvCjAxMloVHc9Q.2GQwNGisJ8it53YOo_K5KB7JkoIdtI80CUfIuA5apkQZFbOroVqRW1xcZ0_dLz.dWlQ18pDBLUonf8sIcRIA.6BTPIDO_NYHJK7HoJnyzDN5tNnuUkye_G3u9tsQP0DXKXS9zyjvIiAN2timwGir4B0OWIV4xsj_9QRkS881J9y1KsGUompZ..C.N4474iAau52gaau0nnPtP1nmCd5Uu9I2rjK3SC.KiAhdFimiulvrW3qaqTav.1uTmrKserFUhJwh7r1t.u7DRb_2Kow_HEc2pSfINf.ThlEGNQCgLrZzrCTjsyJORQ06cY1G8LLURzt1GZKaKl_Ddad5.x1GejErJJES7bNBODTbI2zDOOA2Vjq4d10tgT0grI7vnkHXw",mdrd: "kZL5aQQb2Ont8TXi9PcHMbz1R7z1IOc0.Og3f2LM8ms-1739778608-1.2.1.1-B7eVFYQas0msAranzSHxBTgm288Y2roaOOOW4XvjWGMV1QNcyeoSOnZeC9rwR_fK_l_zNXfof_XXyyINzPmRrs.5SNCnGgU9iqppPLIcfYqRxKZKFIflWIQU0Zej39OE9G0aryojEWM5ODcyZx4LysVo4V7gIN7Z1.Spcxlgyi4Dr_lqj_SKqo3GcmEHZZOgFo4Pr2A4o5OrY9Oys1tksxIXVZK9DtMGSMfkd.oSmrEmEwsRsKMnymA7xJXiQitP1aL5voEqG0QHTcEGmNotnwn9JPu829ukXd.RbmxDn7ncYlTyKEjkAbXq5V6gmGaOjw5NiSsFDlZMhqwywbTHHo997Vo9EsmF4DfaPdxdgJLdQmO07EU..a1QWUvPqAYq_8xy0dPuQRMePldY.xWgNzToqJj.4VeSelMQ6dK4bZDZbCqQ1FCYSusHyt1nrmEfVIt3VimTYGUMgpxh70G597aseHM.PPjUduBWxgWIxx7WjKyoBt006mc8HLjXxn.y1AfAF6KTUyUUMK4MlSTxcvmT9WjySB3lxUS1Bqmj2j2f_fb_rNdVYmuNUPWyjybbmkEln2xK.cTS2PeNA0H64K1CvuqtdoD0svNg_H7JxlB466zSNdaylBb4igkIRk.1NjAskG.84__1WsbS1SlM7addk6__WaFQ0cTVsFAKR1N1UUMMiqgdpTOikT8ryxDcfgAqlGdkMk12UYw_lte82faHT5jYt0BS2pYwlEw7TiJO7rygMTtGCzOoZ6tAh3Tmvy9kZqLKEwzxqWT1qiHmfML3vZWFgXq2ayFVXRTG.N.rU6Z3e.YRDkHhzSBndGftZl6RaF893MGSCGCFV.FZJxsazpv3_GOjipScZ5P6PeHO1xMumrwR_HVxPE_QRXRUA7Mi8tADoCl0o2aKzl59HN9xKqUyDZu6RG4Ay4C1AOxRhf8qgC7XBC5lN0gtuIwaGy7bznO_7A1zFfzqkrnJg.rlHjZSgLMTi.KBYp3Wj.cHIX9iBfYVTj8zL8kx9IypyWhVUEJjCwnyk7h.nLkViI4ysJ.MFw9Zna.dEQ2quCRrqCAJhf32jNey1.KG6yMznvH5ErswrKZ5xcFve1FwePl26cPL0feO2jsVLLQ8Ca1WryxKLTmprqESLvYvvg9gEoce4pFKD8XHPSoWEw4m0uVh2PwW0omSlqHthzv8drYGM8mtdCrNFIXv21VHlSYx.7ttPyHV4t8d.rjlPJXP2RR_95EcaXJNcKFE50EBBiKbZU6XBu1prMzEb6U_ROgzfibH5Hin2rS4FiMLPp7OxJUBfp0nOJ6yMnl7msS3gaMQsYrDFCQJ091y5kouQFWSvUfV8IA4XUDGLZeytVwDmvgR1.L2qj_6QUYtkRJr5I_cQtjaZ.7qQzgL0FeDGnthQ5SViNG46B_9xeIkOw3iqiYwMWzUeRIU3ddtibo9Fu9WHf5vqk2P5RjcDbjMrVB.AHdefCbdY.shqAf0BAGZKZJT5khEzHIAJjqvQZEqC.ib7JAqSgAwHs.nAOyGCy5C8jpNowsCBDIICAXV.1PC._EHWJp_mg6abSABMS7XJpew1sid.WnN4jwMEY5QYVoZ3YMOY94f6cy7_ThIkJqWq5fZSTl1jsKKxOk7S.pRHn5xaXVxUSl3IwQWwWNuMSgdnUqlfQIkhOxi1nTM2bgEvIAndTVknhlM6JarJ88.78ndhLM0AAe36DcltAmbxB4OcuiH54kJREtM9KP1CHbamCjwN2AnfmLQjtevV1_x5bwGm6Oc09GLs_UHhvqGA5_hC5p7cPJpgffi_nF.kLSo.Y7WfuCCfiU0DTKTT.dK5wArZaP5bUqLUeQM2AtSftUVVTe2fHjzCTBb1IFeTOg.Pqg2.86B1h.T1UCFomhKD04dcs7aL4n0CMA5P.jKuNATebUr1bHEfyDdKhHbWv2emRgh7_B6V40AzCBtDenfSG5k1gzWyxpmTa3pNx9E9LHeHD.bygZD8qsU9gaa3IDA3A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91342f4fd96040e3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9253\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=F0V7y91X2exzacruh6wbDY_kwUkNeLfC0Wi0BlknUn8-1739778608-1.0.1.1-gOAMnGSmBZlVQr0lASh9fa1Yb7J49bXPZDz3PN_m36Y" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>