{"title":"The Relationships between Physical Activity Levels, Enjoyment of Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index among Bruneian Secondary School Adolescents","authors":"David Xiaoqian Sun, Khairunnisa Binti Haji Sibah, Jr., Lejak Anak Ambol","volume":90,"journal":"International Journal of Sport and Health Sciences","pagesStart":343,"pagesEnd":348,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/9998590","abstract":"<p>The purpose of the study was to examine the<br \/>\r\nrelationships between objectively measured physical activity levels<br \/>\r\n(PALs), enjoyment of physical activity (EPA), and body mass index<br \/>\r\n(BMI) among adolescents. A total of 188 12-14-year-old Bruneian<br \/>\r\nsecondary school adolescents (88 boys and 100 girls) voluntarily took<br \/>\r\npart in this study. Subjects wore the RT3 accelerometer for seven<br \/>\r\nconsecutive days in order to measure their PALs. Times of students&rsquo;<br \/>\r\nengagement in total (TPA), light (LPA), moderate (MPV), and<br \/>\r\nvigorous PA (VPA) were obtained from the accelerometer. Their<br \/>\r\nBMIs were calculated from their body height and weight. Physical<br \/>\r\nActivity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) was administrated to obtain their<br \/>\r\nEPA levels. Four key enjoyment factors including fun factors,<br \/>\r\npositive perceptions, unexciting in doing activities, and negative<br \/>\r\nperceptions were identified. Subjects&rsquo; social economic status (SES)<br \/>\r\nwas provided by school administration. Results show that all the<br \/>\r\nadolescents did not meet the recommended PA guidelines even<br \/>\r\nthough boys were engaged in more MVPA than girls. No<br \/>\r\nrelationships were found between BMI and all PALs in both boys and<br \/>\r\ngirls. BMI was significantly related to the PACES scores (r = -.22, p<br \/>\r\n= 0.01), fun factors (r = -.20, p = 0.05) and positive perceptions (r =-<br \/>\r\n.21, p &lt; 0.05). The PACES scores were significantly related to LPA<br \/>\r\n(r = .18, p = 0.01) but not related to MVPA (r = .04, p &gt; 0.05). After<br \/>\r\ncontrolling for age and SES, BMI was only significantly related to<br \/>\r\nthe PACES scores in girls (r = -.27, p &lt; .01) but boys (r = -.06, p &gt;<br \/>\r\n0.05). Fun factors were significantly related to LPA and MVPA (p &lt;<br \/>\r\n.01) in girls while negative perceptions were significantly related to<br \/>\r\nLPA and MVPA (p &lt; .01) in boys. This study provides evidence that<br \/>\r\nenjoyment may be a trigger of LPA but MVPA and may be<br \/>\r\ninfluenced by their BMI status particularly in girls. Based on these<br \/>\r\nfindings, physical and health educators are suggested to not only<br \/>\r\nmake PA more enjoyable, but also consider gender differences in<br \/>\r\npromoting adolescents&#39; participation in MVPA<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tS. Han, \"59% Bruneians Obese: WHO\u201d. The Brunei Times (Oct. 4, 2007), sec. p.1 http:\/\/www.bt.com.bn\/home_news\/2007\/10\/04\/ 59_Bruneians_obese_who\r\n[2]\tHealth Information Booklet 2012. Statistic Unit, Research and Development Section, Department of Policy and Planning. Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam, 2012. http:\/\/www.moh.gov.bn\/ satisticshealthguidelines\/download\/HIB_2012.pdf\r\n[3]\tM. Goran, D. Ball and M. L. Cruz, \"Obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents,\u201d Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 88, no. 4, pp.1417-1427, 2003.\r\n[4]\tJ. A. Mitchell, R. R. Pate, V. Espa\u00f1a\u2010Romero, J. R. O'Neill, M. Dowda and P. R. 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