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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_sling_in_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ancient representations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Written_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Written_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Written history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Written_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classical_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Classical accounts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biblical_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biblical_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Biblical accounts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biblical_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Combat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ammunition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ammunition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Ammunition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ammunition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Whistling"_bullets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Whistling"_bullets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>"Whistling" bullets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Whistling"_bullets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_sling_in_medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_sling_in_medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The sling in medieval period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_sling_in_medieval_period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The sling in medieval period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_sling_in_medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>The Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Guam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Staff_sling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staff_sling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Staff sling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staff_sling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Piao_Shi_(whirlwind_stone)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piao_Shi_(whirlwind_stone)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span><i>Piao Shi</i> (whirlwind stone)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piao_Shi_(whirlwind_stone)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kestros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kestros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><i>Kestros</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kestros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Siege engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hand-trebuchet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hand-trebuchet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Hand-trebuchet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hand-trebuchet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sling (weapon)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%B0ere" title="Liðere – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Liðere" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="مقلاع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقلاع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda" title="Honda – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Honda" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27urawa" title="Q'urawa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Q'urawa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapand" title="Sapand – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sapand" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Прашча – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прашча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="ढेलमास – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ढेलमास" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Прашка (оръжие) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прашка (оръжие)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fona" title="Fona – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prak" title="Prak – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikupo" title="Chikupo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chikupo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slynge_(v%C3%A5ben)" title="Slynge (våben) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slynge (våben)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleuder_(Waffe)" title="Schleuder (Waffe) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schleuder (Waffe)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B7_(%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF)" title="Σφενδόνη (όπλο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σφενδόνη (όπλο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_(arma)" title="Honda (arma) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Honda (arma)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cton%C4%B5etilo" title="Ŝtonĵetilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtonĵetilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habaila" title="Habaila – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Habaila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%86" title="فلاخن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلاخن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fronde_(arme)" title="Fronde (arme) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fronde (arme)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirafonda" title="Tirafonda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tirafonda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EB%A6%BF%EB%A7%A4" title="무릿매 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무릿매" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C4%87ka" title="Praćka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Praćka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frondo" title="Frondo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frondo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umban" title="Umban – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Umban" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handsl%C3%B6ngva" title="Handslöngva – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Handslöngva" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frombola" title="Frombola – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frombola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A2" title="קלע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="შურდული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შურდული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevirkan" title="Kevirkan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kevirkan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svaidykl%C4%97" title="Svaidyklė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Svaidyklė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parittya" title="Parittya – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Parittya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9C%D0%B0" title="Праќа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Праќа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antsamotady" title="Antsamotady – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Antsamotady" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%A3" title="गोफण – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गोफण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humban" title="Humban – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Humban" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slinger_(wapen)" title="Slinger (wapen) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slinger (wapen)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8" title="投石器 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="投石器" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slynge" title="Slynge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slynge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fronda" title="Fronda – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fronda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86" title="گوفن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گوفن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proca" title="Proca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Proca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funda" title="Funda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Funda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C8%99tie" title="Praștie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Praștie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warak%27a" title="Warak'a – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Warak'a" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Праща – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Праща" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sling_(weapon)" title="Sling (weapon) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sling (weapon)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C4%8Da" title="Prača – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prača" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Праћка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Праћка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C4%87ka" title="Praćka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Praćka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linko" title="Linko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Linko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Праща – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Праща" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="گوپیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوپیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2y_qu%C4%83ng_%C4%91%C3%A1" title="Dây quăng đá – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dây quăng đá" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ranged weapon to throw projectiles</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Slingshot" title="Slingshot">Slingshot</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sling_(weapon)" title="Special:EditPage/Sling (weapon)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sling%22+weapon">"Sling" weapon</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sling%22+weapon+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sling%22+weapon&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sling%22+weapon+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sling%22+weapon">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sling%22+weapon&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girl_using_Gofan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Girl_using_Gofan.jpg/220px-Girl_using_Gofan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Girl_using_Gofan.jpg/330px-Girl_using_Gofan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Girl_using_Gofan.jpg/440px-Girl_using_Gofan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Girl using a sling (known locally as a 'Gofan') in India</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weapon_Sling_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Weapon_Sling_1.jpg/220px-Weapon_Sling_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Weapon_Sling_1.jpg/330px-Weapon_Sling_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Weapon_Sling_1.jpg/440px-Weapon_Sling_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Home-made sling made from braided cord with sewn imitation leather.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weapon_Sling_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Weapon_Sling_2.jpg/220px-Weapon_Sling_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Weapon_Sling_2.jpg/330px-Weapon_Sling_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Weapon_Sling_2.jpg/440px-Weapon_Sling_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Sling, home-made from braided cord and red insulating tape.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>sling</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Projectile_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Projectile weapon">projectile weapon</a> typically used to hand-throw a blunt <a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">projectile</a> such as a stone, clay, or lead "<a href="#Ammunition">sling-bullet</a>". It is also known as the <b>shepherd's sling</b> or <b>slingshot</b> (in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, although elsewhere it means <a href="/wiki/Slingshot" title="Slingshot">something else</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Someone who specializes in using slings is called a <b>slinger</b>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm/220px--Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="9" data-mwtitle="Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm/Stone_throwing_Nilin.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Masked Palestinian boys use <b>slings</b> in <a href="/wiki/Ni%27lin" title="Ni'lin">Ni'lin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A sling has a small cradle or <i>pouch</i> in the middle of two <a href="/wiki/Deformation_(engineering)#Elastic_deformation" title="Deformation (engineering)">retention cords</a>, where a projectile is placed. There is a loop on the end of one side of the retention cords. Depending on the design of the sling, either the <a href="/wiki/Middle_finger" title="Middle finger">middle finger</a> or the wrist is placed through a loop on the end of one cord, and a tab at the end of the other cord is placed between the thumb and <a href="/wiki/Forefinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Forefinger">forefinger</a>. The sling is swung in an <a href="/wiki/Arc_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arc (geometry)">arc</a>, and the tab released at a precise moment. This action releases the projectile to fly <a href="/wiki/Inertia" title="Inertia">inertially</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_trajectory" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic trajectory">ballistically</a> towards the target. By its <a href="/wiki/Double_pendulum" title="Double pendulum">double-pendulum kinetics</a>, the sling enables stones (or spears) to be thrown much further than they could be by hand alone. </p><p>The sling is inexpensive and easy to build. Historically it has been used for <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> <a href="/wiki/Game_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Game (food)">game</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">combat</a>. Today the sling is of interest as a <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_survival" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness survival">wilderness survival</a> tool and an <a href="/wiki/Improvised_weapon" title="Improvised weapon">improvised weapon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_sling_in_antiquity">The sling in antiquity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The sling in antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sling is an ancient weapon known to <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> peoples around the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>, but is likely to be much older. It is possible that the sling was invented during the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Palaeolithic">Upper Palaeolithic</a> at a time when new technologies such as the <a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">bow and arrow</a> were beginning to emerge. In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a> has the same mechanical dynamics as the sling, transducing rotational movement into linear projection, although it is not known whether this was an independent invention or not. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slingers_on_Trajan%27s_Column.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Slingers_on_Trajan%27s_Column.JPG/220px-Slingers_on_Trajan%27s_Column.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Slingers_on_Trajan%27s_Column.JPG/330px-Slingers_on_Trajan%27s_Column.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Slingers_on_Trajan%27s_Column.JPG 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Slingers on Trajan's Column.</figcaption></figure> <p>Whereas stones and clay objects thought by many archaeologists to be sling-bullets are common finds in the archaeological record,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> slings themselves are rare. This is both because a sling's materials are <a href="/wiki/Biodegradable" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodegradable">biodegradable</a> and because slings were lower-status weapons, rarely preserved in a wealthy person's grave. </p><p>The oldest-known surviving slings—radiocarbon dated to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2500 BC</span>—were recovered from South American archaeological sites on the coast of Peru. The oldest-known surviving North American sling—radiocarbon dated to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200 BC</span>—was recovered from <a href="/wiki/Lovelock_Cave" title="Lovelock Cave">Lovelock Cave</a>, Nevada.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest known extant slings from the Old World were found in the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>, who died <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1325 BC</span>. A pair of finely plaited slings were found with other weapons. The sling was probably intended for the departed <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> to use for hunting <a href="/wiki/Game_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Game (food)">game</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another Egyptian sling was excavated in <a href="/wiki/El-Lahun" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Lahun">El-Lahun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Al_Fayyum" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Fayyum">Al Fayyum</a> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> in 1914 by <a href="/wiki/William_Matthew_Flinders_Petrie" class="mw-redirect" title="William Matthew Flinders Petrie">William Matthew Flinders Petrie</a>, and is now in the <a href="/wiki/Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology" title="Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology">Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology</a>—Petrie dated it to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800 BC</span>. It was found alongside an iron spearhead. The remains are broken into three sections. Although fragile, the construction is clear: it is made of <a href="/wiki/Bast_fibre" title="Bast fibre">bast fibre</a> (almost certainly <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a>) twine; the cords are <a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">braided</a> in a 10-strand elliptical <a href="/wiki/Sennit" title="Sennit">sennit</a> and the cradle seems to have been woven from the same lengths of twine used to form the cords.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_representations">Ancient representations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient representations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Representations of slingers can be found on artifacts from all over the ancient world, including <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt" title="History of Egypt">Egyptian</a> reliefs, the columns of <a href="/wiki/Trajans_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Trajans column">Trajan</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>, on coins, and on the <a href="/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry" title="Bayeux Tapestry">Bayeux Tapestry</a>. </p><p>The oldest representation of a slinger in art may be from <a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatalhöyük">Çatalhöyük</a>, from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 7,000 BC</span>, though it is the only such depiction at the site, despite numerous depictions of archers.<sup id="cite_ref-OldestSlinger_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldestSlinger-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Written_history">Written history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Written history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg/220px-Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg/330px-Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg/440px-Sling_bullets_BM_GR1842.7-28.550_GR1851.5-7.11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> lead sling bullets with a winged thunderbolt moulded on one side and the inscription "ΔΕΞΑΙ" (<i>Dexai</i>) meaning 'take that' or 'catch' on the other side, 4th century BCE, from <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dexai_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dexai-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Many European, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African peoples were users of slings.<sup id="cite_ref-Kend_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kend-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a> and others authors talk about its usage by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> also extends it to the <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians">Lusitanians</a> and even some <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a> (which <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a> describes further in his account of the siege of <a href="/wiki/Bibrax" title="Bibrax">Bibrax</a>). He also mentions <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Persia">Persians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Arabia">Arabs</a> among those who used them. For his part, <a href="/wiki/Diodorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diodorus">Diodorus</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Libyans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kend_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kend-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a> were frequent users of slings too.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> mentions some of the most famous of ancient sling experts: the people of the <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>, who often worked as <a href="/wiki/Mercenaries_of_the_ancient_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Mercenaries of the ancient Iberian Peninsula">mercenaries</a>. Of <a href="/wiki/Balearic_slinger" title="Balearic slinger">Balearic slingers</a> Strabo writes: "And their training in the use of slings used to be such, from childhood up, that they would not so much as give bread to their children unless they first hit it with the sling."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Classical_accounts">Classical accounts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Classical accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sling is mentioned as early as in the writings of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where several characters kill enemies by hurling stones at them.<sup id="cite_ref-Kend_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kend-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Balearic_slinger" title="Balearic slinger">Balearic slingers</a> were amongst the specialist mercenaries extensively employed by <a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian Army">Carthage</a> against the Romans and other enemies. These light troops used three sizes of sling, according to the distance of their opponents. The weapons were made of vegetable fibre and animal sinew, launching either stones or lead missiles with devastating impact.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a> in his history of the retreat of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Thousand_(Greek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Thousand (Greek)">Ten Thousand</a>, 401 BC, relates that the Greeks suffered severely from the slingers in the army of <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_II_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artaxerxes II of Persia">Artaxerxes II of Persia</a>, while they themselves had neither cavalry nor slingers, and were unable to reach the enemy with their arrows and javelins. This deficiency was rectified when a company of 200 <a href="/wiki/Rhodians" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodians">Rhodians</a>, who understood the use of leaden sling-bullets, was formed. They were able, says <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>, to project their missiles twice as far as the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> slingers, who used large stones.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various Greeks enjoyed a reputation for skill with the sling. <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a> mentions the <a href="/wiki/Acarnanians" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarnanians">Acarnanians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> refers to the inhabitants of three Greek cities on the northern coast of the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peloponnesus">Peloponnesus</a> as expert slingers. </p><p>Greek armies would also use <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">mounted</a> slingers (ἀκροβολισταί).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> skirmishers armed with slings and javelins were established by <a href="/wiki/Servius_Tullius" title="Servius Tullius">Servius Tullius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kend_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kend-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late Roman writer <a href="/wiki/Vegetius" title="Vegetius">Vegetius</a>, in his work <i><a href="/wiki/De_Re_Militari" class="mw-redirect" title="De Re Militari">De Re Militari</a></i>, wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Recruits are to be taught the art of throwing stones both with the hand and sling. The inhabitants of the Balearic Islands are said to have been the inventors of slings, and to have managed them with surprising dexterity, owing to the manner of bringing up their children. The children were not allowed to have their food by their mothers till they had first struck it with their sling. Soldiers, notwithstanding their defensive armour, are often more annoyed by the round stones from the sling than by all the arrows of the enemy. Stones kill without mangling the body, and the contusion is mortal without loss of blood. It is universally known the ancients employed slingers in all their engagements. There is the greater reason for instructing all troops, without exception, in this exercise, as the sling cannot be reckoned any encumbrance, and often is of the greatest service, especially when they are obliged to engage in stony places, to defend a mountain or an eminence, or to repulse an enemy at the attack of a castle or city.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biblical_accounts">Biblical accounts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Biblical accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sling is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, which provides what is believed to be the oldest textual reference to a sling in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Book of Judges</a>, 20:16. This text was thought to have been written <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 6th century BC</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but refers to events several centuries earlier. </p><p>The Bible provides a famous slinger account, the battle between <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath">Goliath</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">First Book of Samuel</a> 17:34–36, probably written in the 7th or 6th century BC, describing events that might have occurred <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 10th century BC</span>. The sling, easily produced, was the weapon of choice for shepherds fending off animals. Due to this, the sling was a commonly used weapon by the Israelite militia.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goliath was a tall, well equipped and experienced warrior. In this account, the shepherd David persuades <a href="/wiki/Saul_the_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Saul the King">Saul</a> to let him fight Goliath on behalf of the Israelites. Unarmoured and equipped only with a sling, five smooth rocks, and his staff, David defeats the champion Goliath with a well-aimed shot to the head. </p><p>Use of the sling is also mentioned in Second Kings 3:25, First Chronicles 12:2, and Second Chronicles 26:14 to further illustrate Israelite use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combat">Combat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Combat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balearic_Slinger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Balearic_Slinger.jpg/170px-Balearic_Slinger.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Balearic_Slinger.jpg/255px-Balearic_Slinger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Balearic_Slinger.jpg/340px-Balearic_Slinger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1695" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Artistic depiction of a slinger from the <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>, famous for the skill of its slingers</figcaption></figure> <p>Ancient peoples used the sling in combat—armies included both specialist slingers and regular soldiers equipped with slings. As a <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">weapon</a>, the sling had several advantages; a sling bullet lobbed in a high trajectory can achieve ranges in excess of 400 m (1,300 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern authorities vary widely in their estimates of the effective range of ancient weapons. A bow and arrow could also have been used to produce a long range arcing trajectory, but ancient writers repeatedly stress the sling's advantage of range. The sling was light to carry and cheap to produce; ammunition in the form of stones was readily available and often to be found near the site of battle. The ranges the sling could achieve with moulded lead <a href="#Ammunition">sling-bullets</a> was surpassed only by the strong <a href="/wiki/Composite_bow" title="Composite bow">composite bow</a>. </p><p>Caches of sling ammunition have been found at the sites of <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Hill_forts" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill forts">hill forts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>; some 22,000 sling stones were found at <a href="/wiki/Maiden_Castle,_Dorset" title="Maiden Castle, Dorset">Maiden Castle, Dorset</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cunliffe133_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cunliffe133-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is proposed that Iron Age hill forts of Europe were designed to maximize the effective defence by slingers. </p><p>The hilltop location of the wooden forts would have given the defending slingers the advantage of range over the attackers, and multiple concentric <a href="/wiki/Rampart_(fortification)" title="Rampart (fortification)">ramparts</a>, each higher than the other, would allow a large number of men to create a hailstorm of stone. Consistent with this, it has been noted that defences are generally narrow where the natural slope is steep, and wider where the slope is more gradual. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A classic sling is braided from non-elastic material. The traditional materials are <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>. Slings by Balearic islanders were said to be made from a <a href="/wiki/Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">rush</a>. Flax and hemp resist rotting, but wool is softer and more comfortable. <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a> is often used for modern slings, because it does not rot or stretch and is soft and free of splinters. </p><p>Braided cords are used in preference to twisted rope, as a braid resists twisting when stretched. This improves accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The overall length of a sling can vary. A slinger may have slings of different lengths. A longer sling is used when greater range is required. A length of about 61 to 100 cm (2.0 to 3.3 ft) is typical. </p><p>At the centre of the sling, a cradle or pouch is constructed. This may be formed by making a wide braid from the same material as the cords or by inserting a piece of a different material such as <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>. The cradle is typically diamond shaped (although some take the form of a net), and will fold around the projectile in use. Some cradles have a hole or slit that allows the material to wrap around the projectile slightly, thereby holding it more securely. </p><p>At the end of one cord (called the retention cord) a finger-loop is formed. At the end of the other cord (the release cord), it is a common practice to form a knot or a tab. The release cord will be held between finger and thumb to be released at just the right moment, and may have a complex braid to add bulk to the end. This makes the knot easier to hold, and the extra weight allows the loose end of a discharged sling to be recovered with a flick of the wrist.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Braided construction resists stretching, and therefore produces an accurate sling. Modern slings are begun by plaiting the cord for the finger loop in the centre of a double-length set of cords. The cords are then folded to form the finger-loop. The retained cord is then plaited away from the loop as a single cord up to the pocket. The pocket is then plaited, most simply as another pair of cords, or with flat braids or a woven net. The remainder of the sling, the released cord, is plaited as a single cord, and then finished with a knot or plaited tab. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact">Impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ancient poets wrote that sling-bullets could penetrate armour, and that lead projectiles, heated by their passage through the air, would melt in flight.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first instance, it seems likely that the authors were indicating that slings could cause injury through armour by a percussive effect (<i>i.e.</i>, the energy of a sling-bullet delivered at high velocity causing blunt trauma injury upon impact) rather than by penetration. In the latter case, it has been proposed that they were impressed by the degree of deformation suffered by lead sling-bullet after hitting a hard target.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to description of <a href="/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius">Procopius</a>, the sling had an effective range further than a <a href="/wiki/Hun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hun">Hun</a> bow and arrow. In his book <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wars_of_Justinian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wars of Justinian (page does not exist)">Wars of Justinian</a></i>, he recorded the felling of a Hun warrior by a slinger: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Now one of the Huns who was fighting before the others was making more trouble for the Romans than all the rest. And some rustic made a good shot and hit him on the right knee with a sling, and he immediately fell headlong from his horse to the ground, which thing heartened the Romans still more.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ammunition">Ammunition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ammunition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sling_bullets_clay_and_stone.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sling_bullets_clay_and_stone.JPG/220px-Sling_bullets_clay_and_stone.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sling_bullets_clay_and_stone.JPG/330px-Sling_bullets_clay_and_stone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sling_bullets_clay_and_stone.JPG/440px-Sling_bullets_clay_and_stone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Sling-bullets of baked clay and stone found at <a href="/wiki/Ham_Hill_Hillfort" title="Ham Hill Hillfort">Ham Hill</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Hill_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill fort">hill fort</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The simplest projectile was a stone, preferably well-rounded. Suitable ammunition is frequently from a river or a beach. The size of the projectiles can vary dramatically, from pebbles massing no more than 50 g (1.8 oz) to fist-sized stones massing 500 g (18 oz) or more. The use of such stones as projectiles is well attested in the ethnographic record.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Possible projectiles were also purpose-made from <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>; this allowed a very high consistency of size and shape to aid range and accuracy. Many examples have been found in the archaeological record. </p><p>The best ammunition was <a href="/wiki/Casting_(metalworking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Casting (metalworking)">cast</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>. Leaden sling-bullets were widely used in the Greek and Roman world. For a given mass, lead, being very dense, offers the minimum size and therefore minimum air resistance. In addition, leaden sling-bullets are small and difficult to see in flight; their concentrated impact is also a better armour-piercer and better able to penetrate a body. </p><p>In some cases, the lead would be cast in a simple open mould made by pushing a finger or thumb into sand and pouring molten metal into the hole. However, sling-bullets were more frequently cast in two-part moulds. Such sling-bullets come in a number of shapes including an <a href="/wiki/Ellipsoid" title="Ellipsoid">ellipsoidal</a> form closely resembling an acorn; this could be the origin of the Latin word for a leaden sling-bullet: <i>glandes plumbeae</i> (literally 'leaden acorns') or simply <i>glandes</i> (meaning 'acorns', singular <i>glans</i>). </p><p>Other shapes include spherical and (by far the most common) biconical, which resembles the shape of the shell of an <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almond</a> nut or a flattened <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>. </p><p>The ancients do not seem to have taken advantage of the manufacturing process to produce consistent results; leaden sling-bullets vary significantly. The reason why the almond shape was favoured is not clear: it is possible that there is some aerodynamic advantage, but it seems equally likely that there is some more prosaic reason, such as the shape being easy to extract from a mould, or the fact that it will rest in a sling cradle with little danger of rolling out. It is possible as well that the almond, non-circular shape made the bullet spin in flight in a helicopter or disc like effect adding to the flight distance. </p><p>Almond-shaped leaden sling-bullets were typically 35 mm (1.4 in) long, 20 mm (0.79 in) wide, and weighs 28 g (0.99 oz). Very often, symbols or writings were moulded into lead sling-bullets. Many examples have been found including a collection of about 80 sling-bullets from the <a href="/wiki/Perusine_War" title="Perusine War">siege of Perusia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a> from 41 BC, to be found in the museum of modern <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>. Examples of symbols include a stylized lightning bolt, a snake, and a scorpion – reminders of how a sling might strike without warning. Writing might include the name of the owning military unit or commander or might be more imaginative: "Take this", "Ouch", "get pregnant with this"<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even "For <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>'s backside" added insult to injury, whereas <i>dexai</i> ('take this' or 'catch!')<sup id="cite_ref-dexai_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dexai-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is merely sarcastic. In <a href="/wiki/Yavne" title="Yavne">Yavne</a>, a sling bullet with the Greek inscription "Victory of Heracles and Hauronas" was discovered, the two gods were the patrons of the city during the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> writes in <i><a href="/wiki/De_bello_Gallico" class="mw-redirect" title="De bello Gallico">De bello Gallico</a></i>, book 5, about clay shot being heated before slinging, so that it might set fire to thatch.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Whistling"_bullets"><span id=".22Whistling.22_bullets"></span>"Whistling" bullets</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: "Whistling" bullets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some bullets have been found with holes drilled in them. It was thought the holes were to contain poison. John Reid of the <a href="/wiki/Trimontium_(Newstead)" title="Trimontium (Newstead)">Trimontium</a> Trust, finding holed Roman bullets excavated at the Burnswark <a href="/wiki/Hillforts_in_Scotland" title="Hillforts in Scotland">hillfort</a>, has proposed that the holes would cause the bullets to "whistle" in flight and the sound would intimidate opponents. The holed bullets were generally small and thus not particularly dangerous. Several could fit into a pouch and a single slinger could produce a terrorizing barrage. Experiments with modern copies demonstrate they produce a whooshing sound in flight.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_sling_in_medieval_period">The sling in medieval period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The sling in medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry" title="Bayeux Tapestry">Bayeux Tapestry</a> of the 1070s portrays the use of slings in a hunting context. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor</a> employed slingers during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tortona" title="Siege of Tortona">Siege of Tortona</a> in 1155 to suppress the garrison while his own men built <a href="/wiki/Siege_engine" title="Siege engine">siege engines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury199289_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury199289-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, slings seem to have been a fairly common weapon in Italy during the 11th and 12th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slings were also used by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, the Spanish and Portuguese infantry favoured it against light and agile Moorish troops. The staff sling continued to be used in sieges and the sling was used as a part of <a href="/wiki/Trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">large siege engines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury1992262_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury1992262-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Americas">The Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andean_sling_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Andean_sling_01.jpg/220px-Andean_sling_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Andean_sling_01.jpg/330px-Andean_sling_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Andean_sling_01.jpg/440px-Andean_sling_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1953" data-file-height="1253" /></a><figcaption>A South American sling made of <a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">alpaca</a> hair</figcaption></figure> <p>The sling was known throughout the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In ancient Andean civilizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a>, slings were made from llama wool. These slings typically have a cradle that is long and thin and features a relatively long slit. Andean slings were constructed from contrasting colours of wool; complex braids and fine workmanship can result in beautiful patterns. Ceremonial slings were also made; these were large, non-functional and generally lacked a slit. To this day, ceremonial slings are used in parts of the Andes as accessories in dances and in mock battles. They are also used by llama herders; the animals will move away from the sound of a stone landing. The stones are not slung to hit the animals, but to persuade them to move in the desired direction. </p><p>The sling was also used in the Americas for hunting and warfare. One notable use was in Incan resistance against the <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistadors</a>. These slings were apparently very powerful; in <i><a href="/wiki/1491:_New_Revelations_of_the_Americas_Before_Columbus" title="1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus">1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus</a></i>, author <a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Mann" title="Charles C. Mann">Charles C. Mann</a> quoted a conquistador as saying that an Incan sling "could break a sword in two pieces" and "kill a horse".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some slings spanned as much as 2.2 meters (86 in) long and weighed an impressive 410 grams (14.4 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guam">Guam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Guam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unique amongst most Pacific Islanders, the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a> reached a terrific competency with a weapon as witness by 17th century Belgian <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a>, Pedro Coomans: </p><p>"Their offensive weapons include the sling, which they aim very skillfully at the head. Out of small ropes they weave a sort of net-bag, in which to carry stones with an oblong shape, some formed out of a marble stone, and others of clay, hardened in either the sun or fire. They whirl and shoot those so violently. Should it make an impact upon a more delicate part, like the heart, or the head, the man is flattened on the spot. Then, if envy would make them want to burn a house from a distance, they would stuff the perforated side of it with tow burning with a very ferocious fire, which, with a swift movement became a flame, and sail away to seek shelter in enemy houses."<sup id="cite_ref-»_Slingstones_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-»_Slingstones-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sling stone (in its "almond"/ovoid shape) is a vital cultural artifact of Chamorro culture, enough so, that it was adopted for the Guamian flag and state seal.<sup id="cite_ref-»_Slingstones_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-»_Slingstones-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liber3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Liber3.jpg/220px-Liber3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Liber3.jpg/330px-Liber3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Liber3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Medieval</a> traction trebuchet next to a staff slinger</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staff_sling">Staff sling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Staff sling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The staff sling, also known as the stave sling, <i>fustibalus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>), and <i>fustibale</i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>), consists of a staff (a length of <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>) with a short sling at one end. One cord of the sling is firmly attached to the stave and the other end has a loop that can slide off and release the projectile. Staff slings are extremely powerful because the stave can be made as long as two meters, creating a powerful <a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">lever</a>. Ancient art shows slingers holding staff slings by one end, with the pocket behind them, and using both hands to throw the staves forward over their heads. </p><p>The staff sling has a similar or superior range to the shepherd's sling, and can be as accurate in practiced hands. It is generally suited for heavier missiles and siege situations as staff slings can achieve very steep trajectories for slinging over obstacles such as castle walls. The staff itself can become a close combat weapon in a melee. The staff sling is able to throw heavy projectiles a much greater distance and at a higher arc than a hand sling. Staff slings were in use well into the age of gunpowder as grenade launchers, and were used in ship-to-ship combat to throw incendiaries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friezen_vallen_de_toren_van_Damiate_aan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Friezen_vallen_de_toren_van_Damiate_aan.jpg/220px-Friezen_vallen_de_toren_van_Damiate_aan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Friezen_vallen_de_toren_van_Damiate_aan.jpg/330px-Friezen_vallen_de_toren_van_Damiate_aan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Friezen_vallen_de_toren_van_Damiate_aan.jpg/440px-Friezen_vallen_de_toren_van_Damiate_aan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Medieval staff slingers (stern castle)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Piao_Shi_(whirlwind_stone)"><span id="Piao_Shi_.28whirlwind_stone.29"></span><i>Piao Shi</i> (whirlwind stone)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Piao Shi (whirlwind stone)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Piao Shi</i> (飃石, lit. 'whirlwind stone'), also known as <i>Shou Pao</i> (手砲, lit. hand cannon) during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a> period, is the Chinese name for staff sling. It consists of a short cord tied to one end of a five chi bamboo pole, and is usually employed in siege defense alongside larger stone throwers. It is depicted and described in the <i>Ji Xiao Xin Shu</i> (紀效新書). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kestros"><i>Kestros</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Kestros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Kestros_(weapon)" title="Kestros (weapon)">kestros</a></i> (also known as the <i>kestrosphendone</i>, <i>cestrus</i>, or <i>cestrosphendone</i>) is a sling weapon mentioned by Livy and Polybius. It seems to have been a heavy <a href="/wiki/Dart_(missile)" title="Dart (missile)">dart</a> flung from a leather sling. It was invented in 168 BC and was employed by some of the <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonian</a> troops of King Perseus in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Macedonian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Macedonian war">Third Macedonian war</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siege_engines">Siege engines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Siege engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Trebuchet#Traction_trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">traction trebuchet</a> was a siege engine which uses the power of men pulling on ropes or the energy stored in a raised weight to rotate what was, again, a staff sling. It was designed so that, when the throwing arm of the trebuchet had swung forward sufficiently, one end of the sling would automatically become detached and release the projectile. Some trebuchets were small and operated by a very small crew; however, unlike the <a href="/wiki/Onager_(siege_weapon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Onager (siege weapon)">onager</a>, it was possible to build the trebuchet on a gigantic scale: such giants could hurl enormous rocks at huge ranges. Trebuchets are, in essence, mechanized slings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hand-trebuchet">Hand-trebuchet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Hand-trebuchet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Trebuchet#Hand-trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">hand-trebuchet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">χειρομάγγανον, cheiromanganon</span>) was a staff sling mounted on a pole using a <a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">lever</a> mechanism to propel projectiles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Today">Today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sling_(weapon)" title="Special:EditPage/Sling (weapon)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_Girl_Using_a_Sling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tibetan_Girl_Using_a_Sling.jpg/220px-Tibetan_Girl_Using_a_Sling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tibetan_Girl_Using_a_Sling.jpg/330px-Tibetan_Girl_Using_a_Sling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tibetan_Girl_Using_a_Sling.jpg/440px-Tibetan_Girl_Using_a_Sling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>A Tibetan girl guarding a herd of goats slings a small rock.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shepherd_boy_slinging_(LC-DIG-matpc-05262).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shepherd_boy_slinging_%28LC-DIG-matpc-05262%29.jpg/140px-Shepherd_boy_slinging_%28LC-DIG-matpc-05262%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shepherd_boy_slinging_%28LC-DIG-matpc-05262%29.jpg/210px-Shepherd_boy_slinging_%28LC-DIG-matpc-05262%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shepherd_boy_slinging_%28LC-DIG-matpc-05262%29.jpg/280px-Shepherd_boy_slinging_%28LC-DIG-matpc-05262%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="3901" /></a><figcaption>Arab shepherd boy using a sling, c. 1900–1920, Jerusalem</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional slinging is still practiced as it always has been in the Balearic Islands,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and competitions and leagues are common. In the rest of the world, the sling is primarily a hobby weapon, and a growing number of people make and practice with them. In recent years 'slingfests' have been held in Wyoming, USA, in September 2007 and in Staffordshire, England, in June 2008.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i>, the current record for the greatest distance achieved in hurling an object from a sling is 477.10 m (1,565 ft 3 in), using a 127 cm (50 in) long sling and a 62 g (2.2 oz) dart, set by David Engvall at Baldwin Lake, California, on September 13, 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The principles of the sling may find use on a larger scale in the future; proposals exist for <a href="/wiki/Tether_propulsion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tether propulsion">tether propulsion</a> of spacecraft, which functionally is an oversized sling to propel a spaceship. </p><p>The sling is used today as a weapon primarily by protestors, to launch either stones or <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">incendiary</a> devices, such as <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">Molotov cocktails</a>. Classic woolen slings are still in use in the Middle East by Arab nomads and Bedouins to ward off jackals and hyenas. <a href="/wiki/International_Brigades" title="International Brigades">International Brigades</a> used slings to throw grenades during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finns</a> made use of sling-launched Molotov cocktails in the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a> against <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> tanks. Slings were used during the various <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_stone-throwing" title="Palestinian stone-throwing">Palestinian riots</a> against modern army personnel and riot police. They were also used in the 2008 disturbances in Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amentum" title="Amentum">Amentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlatl" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlatl">Atlatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sling" title="Hawaiian sling">Hawaiian sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slingshot" title="Slingshot">Slingshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_arrow" title="Swiss arrow">Swiss arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">Trebuchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_gun" title="Centrifugal gun">Centrifugal gun</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/slingshot">"Slingshot definition and meaning"</a>. <i>Collins Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Slingshot+definition+and+meaning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fslingshot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavage2011" class="citation book cs1">Savage, Cliff (2011). <i>The Sling for Sport and Survival</i>. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press. pp. 60–61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58160-565-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58160-565-5"><bdi>978-1-58160-565-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sling+for+Sport+and+Survival&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.pages=60-61&rft.pub=Paladin+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-58160-565-5&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Cliff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeager_Thomas2013" class="citation book cs1">Seager Thomas, Mike (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/asrp2reassessingslingstones"><i>Reassessing Slingstones. Artefact Services Research Papers 3</i></a>. Lewes: Artefact Services.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reassessing+Slingstones.+Artefact+Services+Research+Papers+3&rft.place=Lewes&rft.pub=Artefact+Services&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Seager+Thomas&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasrp2reassessingslingstones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakiko_Tada" class="citation web cs1">Makiko Tada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://braidershand.com/andean-history/">"A History of Sling Braiding in the Andes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Sling+Braiding+in+the+Andes&rft.au=Makiko+Tada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbraidershand.com%2Fandean-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYorkYork2011" class="citation book cs1">York, Robert; York, Gigi (2011). <i>Slings & Slingstones</i>. Kent State U. Press. pp. 76, 96, 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60635-107-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60635-107-9"><bdi>978-1-60635-107-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slings+%26+Slingstones&rft.pages=76%2C+96%2C+122&rft.pub=Kent+State+U.+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-60635-107-9&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=York%2C+Gigi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060403131635/https://www.ashmolean.museum/gri/carter/585y-p1324.html">"Image of sling from the Tomb of Tutankhamen"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashmolean.museum/gri/carter/585y-p1324.html">the original</a> on 3 April 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Image+of+sling+from+the+Tomb+of+Tutankhamen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashmolean.museum%2Fgri%2Fcarter%2F585y-p1324.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/gri/carter/585y-p1324.html">"Griffith Institute: Carter Archives - p1324"</a>. <i>www.griffith.ox.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.griffith.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Griffith+Institute%3A+Carter+Archives+-+p1324&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.griffith.ox.ac.uk%2Fgri%2Fcarter%2F585y-p1324.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061210072846/http://www.petrie.ucl.ac.uk/detail/details/index_no_login.php?objectid=UC6921&accesscheck=%2Fdetail%2Fdetails%2Findex.php">"Other uses of textile in ancient Egypt"</a>. <i>www.ucl.ac.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/textil/other.html">the original</a> on 10 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ucl.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Other+uses+of+textile+in+ancient+Egypt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fmuseums-static%2Fdigitalegypt%2Ftextil%2Fother.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Smith,_LLD._William_Wayte._G._E._Marindin1890" class="citation book cs1">William Smith, LLD. William Wayte. G. E. Marindin (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/image?lookup=1999.04.0063.fig10884">"Image "Soldier with sling. (From the Column of Trajan)"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</i>. London: John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Image+%22Soldier+with+sling.+%28From+the+Column+of+Trajan%29%22&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Antiquities&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1890&rft.au=William+Smith%2C+LLD.+William+Wayte.+G.+E.+Marindin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fimage%3Flookup%3D1999.04.0063.fig10884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OldestSlinger-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OldestSlinger_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slinging.org/wiki2/index.php/Main/UpperPaleolithicNeolithic">"Project Goliath | Main / UpperPaleolithicNeolithic"</a>. <i>slinging.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=slinging.org&rft.atitle=Project+Goliath+%26%23124%3B+Main+%2F+UpperPaleolithicNeolithic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslinging.org%2Fwiki2%2Findex.php%2FMain%2FUpperPaleolithicNeolithic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dexai-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dexai_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dexai_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=399876&partid=1&output=Terms%2F!!%2FOR%2F!!%2F1204%2F!%2F%2F!%2FClassical+Greek%2F!%2F%2F!!%2F%2F!!!%2F&orig=%2Fresearch%2Fsearch_the_collection_database%2Fadvanced_search.aspx&currentPage=7&numpages=10">"Lead sling bullet; almond shape; a winged thunderbolt on one side and on the other, in high relief, the inscription DEXAI "Catch!"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lead+sling+bullet%3B+almond+shape%3B+a+winged+thunderbolt+on+one+side+and+on+the+other%2C+in+high+relief%2C+the+inscription+DEXAI+%22Catch%21%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fresearch%2Fsearch_the_collection_database%2Fsearch_object_details.aspx%3Fobjectid%3D399876%26partid%3D1%26output%3DTerms%252F%21%21%252FOR%252F%21%21%252F1204%252F%21%252F%252F%21%252FClassical%2BGreek%252F%21%252F%252F%21%21%252F%252F%21%21%21%252F%26orig%3D%252Fresearch%252Fsearch_the_collection_database%252Fadvanced_search.aspx%26currentPage%3D7%26numpages%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kend-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kend_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kend_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kend_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kend_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchett1974" class="citation book cs1">Pritchett, W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reinvention%3A+An+International+Journal+of+Undergraduate+Research&rft.atitle=Attitudes+Towards+and+Use+of+the+Sling+in+Late+Iron+Age+Britain&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Swan&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarwick.ac.uk%2Ffac%2Fcross_fac%2Fiatl%2Freinvention%2Farchive%2Fvolume7issue2%2Fswan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/3E*.html">"LacusCurtius • Strabo's Geography — Book III Chapter 5"</a>. 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St. Paul, MN: Dos Tejadores. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0937452035" title="Special:BookSources/978-0937452035"><bdi>978-0937452035</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sling+Braiding+of+the+Andes+%28Weaver%27s+Journal+Monograph+IV%29&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+MN&rft.pub=Dos+Tejadores&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0937452035&rft.aulast=Cahlander&rft.aufirst=Adele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamsey2016" class="citation book cs1">Ramsey, Syed (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tko5DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT147"><i>Tools of War: History of Weapons in Medieval Times</i></a>. Alpha Editions. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9386101662" title="Special:BookSources/978-9386101662"><bdi>978-9386101662</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tools+of+War%3A+History+of+Weapons+in+Medieval+Times&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Alpha+Editions&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-9386101662&rft.aulast=Ramsey&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtko5DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lucretius" title="Lucretius">Lucretius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext97/natng10.txt">On the Nature of Things</a>-- "Just as thou seest how motion will o'erheat / And set ablaze all objects, - verily / A leaden ball, hurtling through length of space, / Even melts."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18466/18466.txt">The Aeneid</a>, Book 9, Stanza LXXV – "His lance laid by, thrice whirling round his head / The whistling thong, Mezentius took his aim. / Clean through his temples hissed the molten lead, / And prostrate in the dust, the gallant youth lay dead."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchett1992" class="citation book cs1">Pritchett, W. 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University of California Press. pp. 24–25, footnote 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07374-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07374-6"><bdi>978-0-520-07374-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+State+at+War%3A+Part+V&rft.pages=24-25%2C+footnote+44&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07374-6&rft.aulast=Pritchett&rft.aufirst=W.+Kendrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Procopius, Persian war</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFields2008" class="citation book cs1">Fields, Nic (20 May 2008). <i>Syracuse 415-413 BC</i>. Bloomsbury USA. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-258-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-258-5"><bdi>978-1-84603-258-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syracuse+415-413+BC&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2008-05-20&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-258-5&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=Nic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/archeology/1670513696-2-200-year-old-sling-bullet-discovered-in-israel">"i24NEWS"</a>. <i>www.i24news.tv</i>. 8 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.i24news.tv&rft.atitle=i24NEWS&rft.date=2022-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.i24news.tv%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fisrael%2Farcheology%2F1670513696-2-200-year-old-sling-bullet-discovered-in-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caesar Bell. Gall. 5,43,1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeology.co.uk/articles/features/burnswark.htm">"Bullets, ballistas, and Burnswark – A Roman assault on a hillfort in Scotland"</a>. <i>Current Archeology</i>. 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Current+Archeology&rft.atitle=Bullets%2C+ballistas%2C+and+Burnswark+%E2%80%93+A+Roman+assault+on+a+hillfort+in+Scotland&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.co.uk%2Farticles%2Ffeatures%2Fburnswark.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury199289-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury199289_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBradbury1992">Bradbury 1992</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2016" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Paul (2016). <i>Norman Warfare in the Eleventh and Twelfth-Century Mediterranean</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norman+Warfare+in+the+Eleventh+and+Twelfth-Century+Mediterranean&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haldon, John F. (1999): "Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565-1204, p. 216</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury1992262-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury1992262_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBradbury1992">Bradbury 1992</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Campbell" class="citation web cs1">Paul Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070608031819/http://abotech.com/Articles/Campbell02.htm">"The Chumash Sling"</a>. <i>ABOtech.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abotech.com/Articles/Campbell02.htm">the original</a> on 8 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABOtech.com&rft.atitle=The+Chumash+Sling&rft.au=Paul+Campbell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abotech.com%2FArticles%2FCampbell02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mann, pg. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flight-toys.com/slings.htm">"Slings from Peru and Bolivia"</a>. Flight-toys.com. 18 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slings+from+Peru+and+Bolivia&rft.pub=Flight-toys.com&rft.date=2010-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flight-toys.com%2Fslings.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJane_Penrose2005" class="citation book cs1">Jane Penrose (10 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=99haLasvV3gC&q=iron+helmet+sling&pg=PA139"><i>Slings in the Iron Age</i></a>. Bloomsbury USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841769325" title="Special:BookSources/9781841769325"><bdi>9781841769325</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slings+in+the+Iron+Age&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2005-10-10&rft.isbn=9781841769325&rft.au=Jane+Penrose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D99haLasvV3gC%26q%3Diron%2Bhelmet%2Bsling%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-»_Slingstones-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-»_Slingstones_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-»_Slingstones_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guampedia.com/slingstones/">"» Slingstones"</a>. 29 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%BB+Slingstones&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampedia.com%2Fslingstones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/66313-longest-sling-shot">"Longest sling shot"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Longest+sling+shot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2F66313-longest-sling-shot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/02/03/world/20080203KENYA_index.html">"Ethnic Clashes in Kenya"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. 3 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Clashes+in+Kenya&rft.date=2008-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fslideshow%2F2008%2F02%2F03%2Fworld%2F20080203KENYA_index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_Gettleman2008" class="citation news cs1">Jeffrey Gettleman (1 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/01/world/africa/01kenya.html?_r=1&oref=slogin">"Second Lawmaker Is Killed as Kenya's Riots Intensify"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Second+Lawmaker+Is+Killed+as+Kenya%27s+Riots+Intensify&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft.au=Jeffrey+Gettleman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F01%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F01kenya.html%3F_r%3D1%26oref%3Dslogin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradbury1992" class="citation book cs1">Bradbury, Jim (1992). <i>The Medieval Siege</i>. <a href="/wiki/Woodbridge,_Suffolk" title="Woodbridge, Suffolk">Woodbridge, Suffolk</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boydell_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Boydell Press">Boydell Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0851153575" title="Special:BookSources/978-0851153575"><bdi>978-0851153575</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Medieval+Siege&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Suffolk&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0851153575&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess,_E._Martin1958" class="citation journal cs1">Burgess, E. Martin (June 1958). "An Ancient Egyptian Sling Reconstructed". <i>Journal of the Arms and Armour Society</i>. <b>2</b> (10): 226–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Arms+and+Armour+Society&rft.atitle=An+Ancient+Egyptian+Sling+Reconstructed&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=226-30&rft.date=1958-06&rft.au=Burgess%2C+E.+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDohrenwend,_Robert2002" class="citation journal cs1">Dohrenwend, Robert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slinging.org/forum/yabbfiles/Attachments/history_of_the_Sling.pdf">"The Sling. Forgotten Firepower of Antiquity"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Asian Martial Arts</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 28–49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+Martial+Arts&rft.atitle=The+Sling.+Forgotten+Firepower+of+Antiquity&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=28-49&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Dohrenwend%2C+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslinging.org%2Fforum%2Fyabbfiles%2FAttachments%2Fhistory_of_the_Sling.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASling+%28weapon%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Richardson, Thom, "The Ballistics of the Sling", Royal Armouries Yearbook, Vol. 3 (1998)</li> <li>York, Robert & Gigi, "Slings and Slingstones, The Forgotten Weapons of Oceania and the Americas", The Kent State University Press (2011)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_(weapon)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sling_weapons" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sling weapons">Sling weapons</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slinging.org/">Slinging.org</a> resources for slinging enthusiasts.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061229093819/http://www.redstoneprojects.com/trebuchetstore/sling.html">Sling Weapons</a> The Evolution of Sling Weapons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604024244/http://www.pipeline.com/~jburdine/index.html">The Sling – Ancient Weapon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/eng/spe/spe09.htm">Sports and Pastimes of the People of England</a>, Joseph Strutt, 1903.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Funda.html">Funda</a>, 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style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Crew-served arrow-throwers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroballista" title="Carroballista">Carroballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catapulta" title="Catapulta">Catapulta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybeles" title="Oxybeles">Oxybeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyumi">Oyumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybolos" title="Polybolos">Polybolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(weapon)" title="Scorpio (weapon)">Scorpio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Crew-served stone-throwers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">Catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithobolos" title="Lithobolos">Lithobolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangonel" title="Mangonel">Mangonel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onager_(weapon)" title="Onager (weapon)">Onager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">Trebuchet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Hand-held weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheiroballistra" title="Cheiroballistra">Cheiroballistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastraphetes" title="Gastraphetes">Gastraphetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javelin" title="Javelin">Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kestros_(weapon)" title="Kestros (weapon)">Kestros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesangylon" title="Mesangylon">Mesangylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeating_crossbow" title="Repeating crossbow">Repeating crossbow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">Spear-thrower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medieval_mechanical_artillery_and_hand-held_missile_weapons" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medieval_mechanical_artillery_and_hand-held_missile_weapons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Medieval mechanical artillery and hand-held missile weapons</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Crew-served artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">Catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangonel" title="Mangonel">Mangonel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torsion_mangonel_myth" title="Torsion mangonel myth">Torsion myth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyumi">Oyumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springald" title="Springald">Springald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">Trebuchet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Hand-held weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbalest" title="Arbalest">Arbalest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullet-shooting_crossbow" title="Bullet-shooting crossbow">Bullet-shooting crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A5ne_lockbow" title="Skåne lockbow">Skåne lockbow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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