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phase</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: binary phase"> <meta name="keywords" content="binary phase"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="binary phase"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5040</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: binary phase</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5040</span> Gray Level Image Encryption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roza%20Afarin">Roza Afarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Mozaffari"> Saeed Mozaffari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is image encryption using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed encryption method consists of two phases. In modification phase, pixels locations are altered to reduce correlation among adjacent pixels. Then, pixels values are changed in the diffusion phase to encrypt the input image. Both phases are performed by GA with binary chromosomes. For modification phase, these binary patterns are generated by Local Binary Pattern (LBP) operator while for diffusion phase binary chromosomes are obtained by Bit Plane Slicing (BPS). Initial population in GA includes rows and columns of the input image. Instead of subjective selection of parents from this initial population, a random generator with predefined key is utilized. It is necessary to decrypt the coded image and reconstruct the initial input image. Fitness function is defined as average of transition from 0 to 1 in LBP image and histogram uniformity in modification and diffusion phases, respectively. Randomness of the encrypted image is measured by entropy, correlation coefficients and histogram analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed method is fast enough and can be used effectively for image encryption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20coefficients" title="correlation coefficients">correlation coefficients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20encryption" title=" image encryption"> image encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20entropy" title=" image entropy"> image entropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10723/gray-level-image-encryption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5039</span> Performance Comparison of Non-Binary RA and QC-LDPC Codes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20Wenli">Ni Wenli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He%20Jing"> He Jing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Repeat–Accumulate (RA) codes are subclass of LDPC codes with fast encoder structures. In this paper, we consider a nonbinary extension of binary LDPC codes over GF(q) and construct a non-binary RA code and a non-binary QC-LDPC code over GF(2^4), we construct non-binary RA codes with linear encoding method and non-binary QC-LDPC codes with algebraic constructions method. And the BER performance of RA and QC-LDPC codes over GF(q) are compared with BP decoding and by simulation over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-binary%20RA%20codes" title="non-binary RA codes">non-binary RA codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QC-LDPC%20codes" title=" QC-LDPC codes"> QC-LDPC codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20comparison" title=" performance comparison"> performance comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BP%20algorithm" title=" BP algorithm"> BP algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42170/performance-comparison-of-non-binary-ra-and-qc-ldpc-codes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5038</span> Investigation of the Grain-Boundary Segregation Transition in the Binary Fe-C Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V%C3%A9gh%20%C3%81d%C3%A1m">Végh Ádám</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekler%20Csaba"> Mekler Csaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dezs%C5%91%20Andr%C3%A1s"> Dezső András</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szab%C3%B3%20D%C3%A1vid"> Szabó Dávid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stomp%20D%C3%A1vid"> Stomp Dávid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaptay%20Gy%C3%B6rgy"> Kaptay György</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Grain boundary segregation transition (GBST) has been calculated by a thermodynamic model in binary alloys. The method is used on cementite (Fe3C) segregation in base-centered cubic (ferrite) iron (Fe) in the Fe-C binary system. The GBST line is shown in the Fe3C lacking part of the phase diagram with high solvent (Fe) concentration. At a lower solute content (C) or at higher temperature the grain boundary is composed mostly of the solvent atoms (Fe). On higher concentration compared to the GBST line or at lower temperature a phase transformation occurs at the grain boundary, the latter mostly composed of the associates (Fe3C). These low-segregation and high-segregation states are first order interfacial phase transitions of the grain boundary and can be transformed into each other reversibly. These occur when the GBST line is crossed by changing the bulk composition or temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GBST" title="GBST">GBST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementite" title=" cementite"> cementite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segregation" title=" segregation"> segregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-C%20alloy" title=" Fe-C alloy"> Fe-C alloy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24587/investigation-of-the-grain-boundary-segregation-transition-in-the-binary-fe-c-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">583</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5037</span> Teaching the Binary System via Beautiful Facts from the Real Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salem%20Ben%20Said">Salem Ben Said</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent times the decimal number system to which we are accustomed has received serious competition from the binary number system. In this note, an approach is suggested to teaching and learning the binary number system using examples from the real world. More precisely, we will demonstrate the utility of the binary system in describing the optimal strategy to win the Chinese Nim game, and in telegraphy by decoding the hidden message on Perseverance’s Mars parachute written in the language of binary system. Finally, we will answer the question, “why do modern computers prefer the ternary number system instead of the binary system?”. All materials are provided in a format that is conductive to classroom presentation and discussion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20number%20system" title="binary number system">binary number system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nim%20game" title=" Nim game"> Nim game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telegraphy" title=" telegraphy"> telegraphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computers%20prefer%20the%20ternary%20system" title=" computers prefer the ternary system"> computers prefer the ternary system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143278/teaching-the-binary-system-via-beautiful-facts-from-the-real-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5036</span> Hit-Or-Miss Transform as a Tool for Similar Shape Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Mohamed%20Elrajubi">Osama Mohamed Elrajubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idris%20El-Feghi"> Idris El-Feghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abu%20Baker%20Saghayer"> Mohamed Abu Baker Saghayer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes an identification of specific shapes within binary images using the morphological Hit-or-Miss Transform (HMT). Hit-or-Miss transform is a general binary morphological operation that can be used in searching of particular patterns of foreground and background pixels in an image. It is actually a basic operation of binary morphology since almost all other binary morphological operators are derived from it. The input of this method is a binary image and a structuring element (a template which will be searched in a binary image) while the output is another binary image. In this paper a modification of Hit-or-Miss transform has been proposed. The accuracy of algorithm is adjusted according to the similarity of the template and the sought template. The implementation of this method has been done by C language. The algorithm has been tested on several images and the results have shown that this new method can be used for similar shape detection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hit-or-miss%20operator%20transform" title="hit-or-miss operator transform">hit-or-miss operator transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMT" title=" HMT"> HMT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20morphological%20operation" title=" binary morphological operation"> binary morphological operation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20detection" title=" shape detection"> shape detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20images%20processing" title=" binary images processing"> binary images processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11881/hit-or-miss-transform-as-a-tool-for-similar-shape-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5035</span> Frequency-Dependent and Full Range Tunable Phase Shifter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yufu%20Yin">Yufu Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Lin"> Tao Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanghong%20Zhao"> Shanghong Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zihang%20Zhu"> Zihang Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Li"> Xuan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Jiang"> Wei Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiurong%20Zheng"> Qiurong Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Wang"> Hui Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a frequency-dependent and tunable phase shifter is proposed and numerically analyzed. The key devices are the dual-polarization binary phase shift keying modulator (DP-BPSK) and the fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The phase-frequency response of the FBG is employed to determine the frequency-dependent phase shift. The simulation results show that a linear phase shift of the recovered output microwave signal which depends on the frequency of the input RF signal is achieved. In addition, by adjusting the power of the RF signal, the full range phase shift from 0° to 360° can be realized. This structure shows the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 70.90 dB·Hz<sup>2/3</sup> and 72.11 dB·Hz<sup>2/3</sup> under different RF powers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20photonics" title="microwave photonics">microwave photonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20shifter" title=" phase shifter"> phase shifter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spurious%20free%20dynamic%20range" title=" spurious free dynamic range"> spurious free dynamic range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency-dependent" title=" frequency-dependent"> frequency-dependent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95223/frequency-dependent-and-full-range-tunable-phase-shifter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5034</span> The Effect of the Structural Arrangement of Binary Bisamide Organogelators on their Self-Assembly Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmira%20Ghanbari">Elmira Ghanbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20%20Van%20Esch"> Jan Van Esch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20%20J.%20Picken"> Stephen J. Picken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahil%20%20Aggarwal"> Sahil Aggarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-molecular-weight organogelators form gels by self-assembly into the crystalline network which immobilizes the organic solvent. For single bisamide organogelator systems, the effect of the molecular structure on the molecular interaction and their self-assembly behavior has been explored. The spatial arrangement of bisamide molecules in the gel-state is driven by a combination of hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interactions. The hydrogen-bonding pattern between the amide groups of bisamide molecules is regulated by the number of methylene spacers; the even number of methylene spacers between two amide groups, in even-spaced bisamides, leads to the antiparallel position of amide groups within a molecule. An even-spaced bisamide molecule with antiparallel amide groups can make two pairs of hydrogen bonding with the molecules on the same plane. The odd-spaced bisamide with a parallel directionality of amide groups can form four independent hydrogen bonds with four other bisamide molecules on different planes. The arrangement of bisamide molecules in the crystalline state and the interaction of these molecules depends on the molecular structure, particularly the parity of the spacer length between the amide groups in the bisamide molecule. In this study, the directionality of amide groups has been exploited as a structural characteristic to affect the arrangement of molecules in the crystalline state and produce different binary bisamide gelators with different degrees of crystallinities. Single odd- and even-spaced single bisamides were synthesized and blended to produce binary bisamide organogelators to be characterized in order to understand the effect of the different directionality of amide groups on the molecular interaction in the crystalline state. The pattern of molecular interactions between these blended molecules, mixing or phase separation, has been monitored via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and crystallography techniques; X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The formation of lamellar structures for odd- and even-spaced bisamide gelators was confirmed by using SAXS and XRD techniques. DSC results have shown that binary bisamide organogelators with different parity of methylene spacers (odd-even binary blends) have a higher tendency for phase separation compared to the binary bisamides with the same parity (odd-odd or even-even binary blends). Phase separation in binary odd-even bisamides was confirmed by the presence of individual (100) reflections of odd and even lamellar structures. The structural characteristic of bisamide organogelators, the parity of spacer length in binary systems, is a promising tool to control the arrangement of molecules and their crystalline structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20bisamide%20organogelators" title="binary bisamide organogelators">binary bisamide organogelators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline%20structure" title=" crystalline structure"> crystalline structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20separation" title=" phase separation"> phase separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembly%20behavior" title=" self-assembly behavior"> self-assembly behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138559/the-effect-of-the-structural-arrangement-of-binary-bisamide-organogelators-on-their-self-assembly-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5033</span> On the Construction of Some Optimal Binary Linear Codes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skezeer%20John%20B.%20Paz">Skezeer John B. Paz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ederlina%20G.%20Nocon"> Ederlina G. Nocon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Finding an optimal binary linear code is a central problem in coding theory. A binary linear code C = [n, k, d] is called optimal if there is no linear code with higher minimum distance d given the length n and the dimension k. There are bounds giving limits for the minimum distance d of a linear code of fixed length n and dimension k. The lower bound which can be taken by construction process tells that there is a known linear code having this minimum distance. The upper bound is given by theoretic results such as Griesmer bound. One way to find an optimal binary linear code is to make the lower bound of d equal to its higher bound. That is, to construct a binary linear code which achieves the highest possible value of its minimum distance d, given n and k. Some optimal binary linear codes were presented by Andries Brouwer in his published table on bounds of the minimum distance d of binary linear codes for 1 ≤ n ≤ 256 and k ≤ n. This was further improved by Markus Grassl by giving a detailed construction process for each code exhibiting the lower bound. In this paper, we construct new optimal binary linear codes by using some construction processes on existing binary linear codes. Particularly, we developed an algorithm applied to the codes already constructed to extend the list of optimal binary linear codes up to 257 ≤ n ≤ 300 for k ≤ 7. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bounds%20of%20linear%20codes" title="bounds of linear codes">bounds of linear codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Griesmer%20bound" title=" Griesmer bound"> Griesmer bound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20of%20linear%20codes" title=" construction of linear codes"> construction of linear codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20binary%20linear%20codes" title=" optimal binary linear codes"> optimal binary linear codes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31628/on-the-construction-of-some-optimal-binary-linear-codes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">755</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5032</span> Bit Error Rate (BER) Performance of Coherent Homodyne BPSK-OCDMA Network for Multimedia Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morsy%20Ahmed%20Morsy%20Ismail">Morsy Ahmed Morsy Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the structure of a coherent homodyne receiver for the Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) network is introduced based on the Multi-Length Weighted Modified Prime Code (ML-WMPC) for multimedia applications. The Bit Error Rate (BER) of this homodyne detection is evaluated as a function of the number of active users and the signal to noise ratio for different code lengths according to the multimedia application such as audio, voice, and video. Besides, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used as an external phase modulator in homodyne detection. Furthermore, the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) and the receiver noise in a shot-noise limited regime are taken into consideration in the BER calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCDMA%20networks" title="OCDMA networks">OCDMA networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bit%20error%20rate" title=" bit error rate"> bit error rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20access%20interference" title=" multiple access interference"> multiple access interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase-shift%20keying" title=" binary phase-shift keying"> binary phase-shift keying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimedia" title=" multimedia"> multimedia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142901/bit-error-rate-ber-performance-of-coherent-homodyne-bpsk-ocdma-network-for-multimedia-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5031</span> Modeling Aggregation of Insoluble Phase in Reactors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Brener">A. Brener</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ismailov"> B. Ismailov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Berdalieva"> G. Berdalieva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the paper we submit the modification of kinetic Smoluchowski equation for binary aggregation applying to systems with chemical reactions of first and second orders in which the main product is insoluble. The goal of this work is to create theoretical foundation and engineering procedures for calculating the chemical apparatuses in the conditions of joint course of chemical reactions and processes of aggregation of insoluble dispersed phases which are formed in working zones of the reactor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20aggregation" title="binary aggregation">binary aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clusters" title=" clusters"> clusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20reactions" title=" chemical reactions"> chemical reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insoluble%20phases" title=" insoluble phases"> insoluble phases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4173/modeling-aggregation-of-insoluble-phase-in-reactors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5030</span> Soret-Driven Convection in a Binary Fluid with Coriolis Force</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20H.%20Z.%20Abidin">N. H. Z. Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20F.%20M.%20Mokhtar"> N. F. M. Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20A.%20Gani"> S. S. A. Gani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of diffusion of the thermal or known as Soret effect in a heated Binary fluid model with Coriolis force is investigated theoretically. The linear stability analysis is used, and the eigenvalue is obtained using the Galerkin method. The impact of the Soret and Coriolis force on the onset of stationary convection in a system is analysed with respect to various Binary fluid parameters and presented graphically. It is found that an increase of the Soret values, destabilize the Binary fluid layer system. However, elevating the values of the Coriolis force helps to lag the onset of convection in a system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benard%20convection" title="Benard convection">Benard convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20fluid" title=" binary fluid"> binary fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coriolis" title=" Coriolis"> Coriolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soret" title=" Soret "> Soret </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68076/soret-driven-convection-in-a-binary-fluid-with-coriolis-force" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5029</span> Reconstruction of Binary Matrices Satisfying Neighborhood Constraints by Simulated Annealing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divyesh%20Patel">Divyesh Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanuja%20Srivastava"> Tanuja Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers the NP-hard problem of reconstructing binary matrices satisfying exactly-1-4-adjacency constraint from its row and column projections. This problem is formulated into a maximization problem. The objective function gives a measure of adjacency constraint for the binary matrices. The maximization problem is solved by the simulated annealing algorithm and experimental results are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20tomography" title="discrete tomography">discrete tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exactly-1-4-adjacency" title=" exactly-1-4-adjacency"> exactly-1-4-adjacency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20annealing" title=" simulated annealing"> simulated annealing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20matrices" title=" binary matrices"> binary matrices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8505/reconstruction-of-binary-matrices-satisfying-neighborhood-constraints-by-simulated-annealing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5028</span> Hidden Oscillations in the Mathematical Model of the Optical Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Costas Loop</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20V.%20Kuznetsov">N. V. Kuznetsov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Kuznetsova"> O. A. Kuznetsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Leonov"> G. A. Leonov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20V.%20Yuldashev"> M. V. Yuldashev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20V.%20Yuldashev"> R. V. Yuldashev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonlinear analysis of the phase locked loop (PLL)-based circuits is a challenging task. Thus, the simulation is widely used for their study. In this work, we consider a mathematical model of the optical Costas loop and demonstrate the limitations of simulation approach related to the existence of so-called hidden oscillations in the phase space of the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20Costas%20loop" title="optical Costas loop">optical Costas loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hidden%20oscillation" title=" hidden oscillation"> hidden oscillation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51122/hidden-oscillations-in-the-mathematical-model-of-the-optical-binary-phase-shift-keying-bpsk-costas-loop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5027</span> Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Investigation of Binary 2,2-Dimethyl-1-Propanol+ CO₂ Gas Hydrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seokyoon%20Moon">Seokyoon Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Ho%20Ahn"> Yun-Ho Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heejoong%20Kim"> Heejoong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujin%20Hong"> Sujin Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunseok%20Lee"> Yunseok Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngjune%20Park"> Youngjune Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas hydrate is a non-stoichiometric crystalline compound consisting of host water-framework and low molecular weight guest molecules. Small gaseous molecules such as CH₄, CO₂, and N₂ can be captured in the host water framework lattices of the gas hydrate with specific temperature and pressure conditions. The three well-known crystal structures of structure I (sI), structure II (sII), and structure H (sH) are determined by the size and shape of guest molecules. In this study, we measured the phase equilibria of binary (2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol + CO₂, CH₄, N₂) hydrates to explore their fundamental thermodynamic characteristics. We identified the structure of the binary gas hydrate by employing synchrotron high-resolution powder diffraction (HRPD), and the guest distributions in the lattice of gas hydrate were investigated via dispersive Raman and ¹³C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The end-to-end distance of 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol was calculated to be 7.76 Å, which seems difficult to be enclathrated in large cages of sI or sII. However, due to the flexibility of the host water framework, binary hydrates of sI or sII types can be formed with the help of small gas molecule. Also, the synchrotron HRPD patterns revealed that the binary hydrate structure highly depends on the type of help gases; a cubic Fd3m sII hydrate was formed with CH₄ or N₂, and a cubic Pm3n sI hydrate was formed with CO₂. Interestingly, dispersive Raman and ¹³C NMR spectra showed that the unique tuning phenomenon occurred in binary (2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol + CO₂) hydrate. By optimizing the composition of NPA, we can achieve both thermodynamic stability and high CO₂ storage capacity for the practical application to CO₂ capture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clathrate" title="clathrate">clathrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20hydrate" title=" gas hydrate"> gas hydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neopentyl%20alcohol" title=" neopentyl alcohol"> neopentyl alcohol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82" title=" CO₂"> CO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuning%20phenomenon" title=" tuning phenomenon"> tuning phenomenon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84702/thermodynamic-and-spectroscopic-investigation-of-binary-22-dimethyl-1-propanol-co2-gas-hydrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5026</span> Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Binary Systems for Hydrogen Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gauthier%20Lefevre">Gauthier Lefevre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holger%20Kohlmann"> Holger Kohlmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastien%20Saitzek"> Sebastien Saitzek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Desfeux"> Rachel Desfeux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adlane%20Sayede"> Adlane Sayede</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier, compatible with the sustainable energy concept. In this context, solid-state hydrogen-storage is the key challenge in developing hydrogen economy. The capability of absorption of large quantities of hydrogen makes intermetallic systems of particular interest. In this study, efforts have been devoted to the theoretical investigation of binary systems with constraints consideration. On the one hand, besides considering hydrogen-storage, a reinvestigation of crystal structures of the palladium-arsenic system shows, with experimental validations, that binary systems could still currently present new or unknown relevant structures. On the other hand, various binary Mg-based systems were theoretically scrutinized in order to find new interesting alloys for hydrogen storage. Taking the effect of pressure into account reveals a wide range of alternative structures, changing radically the stable compounds of studied binary systems. Similar constraints, induced by Pulsed Laser Deposition, have been applied to binary systems, and results are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20systems" title="binary systems">binary systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20algorithm" title=" evolutionary algorithm"> evolutionary algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20principles%20study" title=" first principles study"> first principles study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsed%20laser%20deposition" title=" pulsed laser deposition"> pulsed laser deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67827/theoretical-and-experimental-investigations-of-binary-systems-for-hydrogen-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5025</span> An Investigation of New Phase Diagram of Ag2SO4-CaSO4</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20V.%20Joat">Ravi V. Joat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pravin%20S.%20Bodke"> Pravin S. Bodke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shradha%20S.%20Binani"> Shradha S. Binani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Wasnik"> S. S. Wasnik </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A phase diagram of the Ag2SO4 - CaSO4 (Silver sulphate – Calcium Sulphate) binaries system using conductivity, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction Technique) and DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) data is constructed. The eutectic reaction (liquid -» a-Ag2SO4 + CaSO4) is observed at 10 mole% CaSO4 and 645°C. Room temperature solid solubility limit up to 5.27 mole % of Ca 2+ in Ag2SO4 is set using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results. All compositions beyond this limit are two-phase mixtures below and above the transition temperature (≈ 416°C). The bulk conductivity, obtained following complex impedance spectroscopy, is found decreasing with increase in CaSO4 content. Amongst other binary compositions, the 80AgSO4-20CaSO4 gave improved sinterability/packing density. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20diagram" title="phase diagram">phase diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ag2SO4-CaSO4%20binaries%20system" title=" Ag2SO4-CaSO4 binaries system"> Ag2SO4-CaSO4 binaries system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductivity" title=" conductivity"> conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTA" title=" DTA"> DTA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9345/an-investigation-of-new-phase-diagram-of-ag2so4-caso4" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5024</span> Removal of an Acid Dye from Water Using Cloud Point Extraction and Investigation of Surfactant Regeneration by pH Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghouas%20Halima">Ghouas Halima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haddou%20Boumedienne"> Haddou Boumedienne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Peal%20Cancelier"> Jean Peal Cancelier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristophe%20Gourdon"> Cristophe Gourdon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ssaka%20Collines"> Ssaka Collines</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work concerns the coacervate extraction of industrial dye, namely BezanylGreen - F2B, from an aqueous solution by nonionic surfactant “Lutensol AO7 and TX-114” (readily biodegradable). Binary water/surfactant and pseudo-binary (in the presence of solute) phase diagrams were plotted. The extraction results as a function of wt.% of the surfactant and temperature are expressed by the following four quantities: percentage of solute extracted, E%, residual concentrations of solute and surfactant in the dilute phase (Xs,w, and Xt,w, respectively) and volume fraction of coacervate at equilibrium (Фc). For each parameter, whose values are determined by a design of experiments, these results are subjected to empirical smoothing in three dimensions. The aim of this study is to find out the best compromise between E% and Фc. E% increases with surfactant concentration and temperature in optimal conditions, and the extraction extent of TA reaches 98 and 96 % using TX-114 and Lutensol AO7, respectively. The effect of sodium sulfate or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) addition is also studied. Finally, the possibility of recycling the surfactant is proved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20point" title=" cloud point"> cloud point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20ionic%20surfactant" title=" non ionic surfactant"> non ionic surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bezanyl%20green" title=" bezanyl green"> bezanyl green</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156214/removal-of-an-acid-dye-from-water-using-cloud-point-extraction-and-investigation-of-surfactant-regeneration-by-ph-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5023</span> Phase Segregating and Complex Forming Pb Based (=X-Pb) Liquid Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indra%20Bahadur%20Bhandari">Indra Bahadur Bhandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Panthi"> Narayan Panthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishwar%20Koirala"> Ishwar Koirala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Adhikari"> Devendra Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have used a theoretical model based on the assumption of compound formation in binary alloys to study the thermodynamic, microscopic, and surface properties of Bi-Pb and In-Pb liquid alloys. A review of the phase diagrams for these alloys shows that one of the stable complexes for Bi-Pb liquid alloy is BiPb3; also, that InPb is a stable phase in liquid In-Pb alloys. Using the same interaction parameters that are fitted for the free energy of mixing, we have been able to compute the bulk and thermodynamic properties of the alloys. From our observations, we are able to show that the Bi-Pb liquid alloy exhibits compound formation over the whole concentration range and the In-Pb alloys undergo phase separation. With regards to surface properties, Pb segregates more to the surface in In-Pb alloys than in Bi-Pb alloys. The viscosity isotherms have a positive deviation from ideality for both Bi-Pb and In-Pb alloys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry" title="asymmetry">asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi-Pb" title=" Bi-Pb"> Bi-Pb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deviation" title=" deviation"> deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In-Pb" title=" In-Pb"> In-Pb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20parameters" title=" interaction parameters"> interaction parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136406/phase-segregating-and-complex-forming-pb-based-x-pb-liquid-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5022</span> Comparative Analysis of Dissimilarity Detection between Binary Images Based on Equivalency and Non-Equivalency of Image Inversion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20A.%20Y.%20Mustafa">Adnan A. Y. Mustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Image matching is a fundamental problem that arises frequently in many aspects of robot and computer vision. It can become a time-consuming process when matching images to a database consisting of hundreds of images, especially if the images are big. One approach to reducing the time complexity of the matching process is to reduce the search space in a pre-matching stage, by simply removing dissimilar images quickly. The Probabilistic Matching Model for Binary Images (PMMBI) showed that dissimilarity detection between binary images can be accomplished quickly by random pixel mapping and is size invariant. The model is based on the gamma binary similarity distance that recognizes an image and its inverse as containing the same scene and hence considers them to be the same image. However, in many applications, an image and its inverse are not treated as being the same but rather dissimilar. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of dissimilarity detection between PMMBI based on the gamma binary similarity distance and a modified PMMBI model based on a similarity distance that does distinguish between an image and its inverse as being dissimilar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20image" title="binary image">binary image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissimilarity%20detection" title=" dissimilarity detection"> dissimilarity detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20matching%20model%20for%20binary%20images" title=" probabilistic matching model for binary images"> probabilistic matching model for binary images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20mapping" title=" image mapping"> image mapping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113778/comparative-analysis-of-dissimilarity-detection-between-binary-images-based-on-equivalency-and-non-equivalency-of-image-inversion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5021</span> Fused Structure and Texture (FST) Features for Improved Pedestrian Detection </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussin%20K.%20Ragb">Hussin K. Ragb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijayan%20K.%20Asari"> Vijayan K. Asari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a pedestrian detection descriptor called Fused Structure and Texture (FST) features based on the combination of the local phase information with the texture features. Since the phase of the signal conveys more structural information than the magnitude, the phase congruency concept is used to capture the structural features. On the other hand, the Center-Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (CSLBP) approach is used to capture the texture information of the image. The dimension less quantity of the phase congruency and the robustness of the CSLBP operator on the flat images, as well as the blur and illumination changes, lead the proposed descriptor to be more robust and less sensitive to the light variations. The proposed descriptor can be formed by extracting the phase congruency and the CSLBP values of each pixel of the image with respect to its neighborhood. The histogram of the oriented phase and the histogram of the CSLBP values for the local regions in the image are computed and concatenated to construct the FST descriptor. Several experiments were conducted on INRIA and the low resolution DaimlerChrysler datasets to evaluate the detection performance of the pedestrian detection system that is based on the FST descriptor. A linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to train the pedestrian classifier. These experiments showed that the proposed FST descriptor has better detection performance over a set of state of the art feature extraction methodologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrian%20detection" title="pedestrian detection">pedestrian detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20congruency" title=" phase congruency"> phase congruency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20phase" title=" local phase"> local phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LBP%20features" title=" LBP features"> LBP features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSLBP%20features" title=" CSLBP features"> CSLBP features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FST%20descriptor" title=" FST descriptor"> FST descriptor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36643/fused-structure-and-texture-fst-features-for-improved-pedestrian-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5020</span> Prediction of the Solubility of Benzoic Acid in Supercritical CO2 Using the PC-SAFT EoS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Bagheri">Hamidreza Bagheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Shariati"> Alireza Shariati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are many difficulties in the purification of raw components and products. However, researchers are seeking better ways for purification. One of the recent methods is extraction using supercritical fluids. In this study, the phase equilibria of benzoic acid-supercritical carbon dioxide system were investigated. Regarding the phase equilibria of this system, the modeling of solid-supercritical fluid behavior was performed using the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) and Peng-Robinson equations of state (PR EoS). For this purpose, five PC-SAFT EoS parameters for pure benzoic acid were obtained using its experimental vapor pressure. Benzoic acid has association sites and the behavior of the benzoic acid-supercritical fluid system was well-predicted using both equations of state, while the binary interaction parameter values for PR EoS were negative. Genetic algorithm, which is one of the most accurate global optimization algorithms, was also used to optimize the pure benzoic acid parameters and the binary interaction parameters. The AAD% value for the PC-SAFT EoS, were 0.22 for the carbon dioxide-benzoic acid system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20fluids" title="supercritical fluids">supercritical fluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solubility" title=" solubility"> solubility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid" title=" solid"> solid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PC-SAFT%20EoS" title=" PC-SAFT EoS"> PC-SAFT EoS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4168/prediction-of-the-solubility-of-benzoic-acid-in-supercritical-co2-using-the-pc-saft-eos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5019</span> Quick Similarity Measurement of Binary Images via Probabilistic Pixel Mapping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20A.%20Y.%20Mustafa">Adnan A. Y. Mustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we present a quick technique to measure the similarity between binary images. The technique is based on a probabilistic mapping approach and is fast because only a minute percentage of the image pixels need to be compared to measure the similarity, and not the whole image. We exploit the power of the Probabilistic Matching Model for Binary Images (PMMBI) to arrive at an estimate of the similarity. We show that the estimate is a good approximation of the actual value, and the quality of the estimate can be improved further with increased image mappings. Furthermore, the technique is image size invariant; the similarity between big images can be measured as fast as that for small images. Examples of trials conducted on real images are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20images" title="big images">big images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20images" title=" binary images"> binary images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20matching" title=" image matching"> image matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20similarity" title=" image similarity"> image similarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89963/quick-similarity-measurement-of-binary-images-via-probabilistic-pixel-mapping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5018</span> Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network Comparative Analysis: Modulation Formats and Channel Spacings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fayad">A. Fayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Alqhazaly"> Q. Alqhazaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Cinkler"> T. Cinkler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In light of the substantial increase in end-user requirements and the incessant need of network operators to upgrade the capabilities of access networks, in this paper, the performance of the different modulation formats on eight-channels Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) transmission system has been examined and compared. Limitations and features of modulation formats have been determined to outline the most suitable design to enhance the data rate and transmission reach to obtain the best performance of the network. The considered modulation formats are On-Off Keying Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ-OOK), Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero (CSRZ), Duo Binary (DB), Modified Duo Binary (MODB), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), and Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK). The performance has been analyzed by varying transmission distances and bit rates under different channel spacing. Furthermore, the system is evaluated in terms of minimum Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quality factor (Qf) without applying any dispersion compensation technique, or any optical amplifier. Optisystem software was used for simulation purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title="BER">BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DuoBinary" title=" DuoBinary"> DuoBinary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NRZ-OOK" title=" NRZ-OOK"> NRZ-OOK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TWDM-PON" title=" TWDM-PON"> TWDM-PON</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136771/time-and-wavelength-division-multiplexing-passive-optical-network-comparative-analysis-modulation-formats-and-channel-spacings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5017</span> Motion of an Infinitesimal Particle in Binary Stellar Systems: Kepler-34, Kepler-35, Kepler-16, Kepler-413</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajib%20Mia">Rajib Mia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badam%20Singh%20Kushvah"> Badam Singh Kushvah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present research was motivated by the recent discovery of the binary star systems. In this paper, we use the restricted three-body problem in the binary stellar systems, considering photogravitational effects of both the stars. The aim of this study is to investigate the motion of the infinitesimal mass in the vicinity of the Lagrangian points. The stability and periodic orbits of collinear points and the stability and trajectories of the triangular points are studied in stellar binary systems Kepler-34, Kepler-35, Kepler-413 and Kepler-16 systems. A detailed comparison is made among periodic orbits and trajectories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoplanetary%20systems" title="exoplanetary systems">exoplanetary systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagrangian%20points" title=" lagrangian points"> lagrangian points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20orbit" title=" periodic orbit"> periodic orbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restricted%20three%20body%20problem" title=" restricted three body problem"> restricted three body problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28253/motion-of-an-infinitesimal-particle-in-binary-stellar-systems-kepler-34-kepler-35-kepler-16-kepler-413" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5016</span> Approximately Similarity Measurement of Web Sites Using Genetic Algorithms and Binary Trees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doru%20Anastasiu%20Popescu">Doru Anastasiu Popescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20R%C4%83dulescu"> Dan Rădulescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we determine the similarity of two HTML web applications. We are going to use a genetic algorithm in order to determine the most significant web pages of each application (we are not going to use every web page of a site). Using these significant web pages, we will find the similarity value between the two applications. The algorithm is going to be efficient because we are going to use a reduced number of web pages for comparisons but it will return an approximate value of the similarity. The binary trees are used to keep the tags from the significant pages. The algorithm was implemented in Java language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tag" title="Tag">Tag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HTML" title=" HTML"> HTML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20page" title=" web page"> web page</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20value" title=" similarity value"> similarity value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20tree" title=" binary tree"> binary tree</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50460/approximately-similarity-measurement-of-web-sites-using-genetic-algorithms-and-binary-trees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5015</span> Diversity Indices as a Tool for Evaluating Quality of Water Ways</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadra%20Ahmed">Khadra Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Kheireldin"> Khaled Kheireldin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a pedestrian detection descriptor called Fused Structure and Texture (FST) features based on the combination of the local phase information with the texture features. Since the phase of the signal conveys more structural information than the magnitude, the phase congruency concept is used to capture the structural features. On the other hand, the Center-Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (CSLBP) approach is used to capture the texture information of the image. The dimension less quantity of the phase congruency and the robustness of the CSLBP operator on the flat images, as well as the blur and illumination changes, lead the proposed descriptor to be more robust and less sensitive to the light variations. The proposed descriptor can be formed by extracting the phase congruency and the CSLBP values of each pixel of the image with respect to its neighborhood. The histogram of the oriented phase and the histogram of the CSLBP values for the local regions in the image are computed and concatenated to construct the FST descriptor. Several experiments were conducted on INRIA and the low resolution DaimlerChrysler datasets to evaluate the detection performance of the pedestrian detection system that is based on the FST descriptor. A linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to train the pedestrian classifier. These experiments showed that the proposed FST descriptor has better detection performance over a set of state of the art feature extraction methodologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planktons" title="planktons">planktons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity%20indices" title=" diversity indices"> diversity indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20index" title=" water quality index"> water quality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20ways" title=" water ways"> water ways</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36684/diversity-indices-as-a-tool-for-evaluating-quality-of-water-ways" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5014</span> Pyramid Binary Pattern for Age Invariant Face Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saroj%20Bijarnia">Saroj Bijarnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preety%20Singh"> Preety Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a simple and effective biometrics system based on face verification across aging using a new variant of texture feature, Pyramid Binary Pattern. This employs Local Binary Pattern along with its hierarchical information. Dimension reduction of generated texture feature vector is done using Principal Component Analysis. Support Vector Machine is used for classification. Our proposed method achieves an accuracy of 92:24% and can be used in an automated age-invariant face verification system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title="biometrics">biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20invariant" title=" age invariant"> age invariant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verification" title=" verification"> verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64435/pyramid-binary-pattern-for-age-invariant-face-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5013</span> Solving the Set Covering Problem Using the Binary Cat Swarm Optimization Metaheuristic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Broderick%20Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Soto"> Ricardo Soto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Berrios"> Natalia Berrios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20Olguin"> Eduardo Olguin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a binary cat swarm optimization for solving the Set covering problem. The set covering problem is a well-known NP-hard problem with many practical applications, including those involving scheduling, production planning and location problems. Binary cat swarm optimization is a recent swarm metaheuristic technique based on the behavior of discrete cats. Domestic cats show the ability to hunt and are curious about moving objects. The cats have two modes of behavior: seeking mode and tracing mode. We illustrate this approach with 65 instances of the problem from the OR-Library. Moreover, we solve this problem with 40 new binarization techniques and we select the technical with the best results obtained. Finally, we make a comparison between results obtained in previous studies and the new binarization technique, that is, with roulette wheel as transfer function and V3 as discretization technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20cat%20swarm%20optimization" title="binary cat swarm optimization">binary cat swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binarization%20methods" title=" binarization methods"> binarization methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaheuristic" title=" metaheuristic"> metaheuristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=set%20covering%20problem" title=" set covering problem"> set covering problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47183/solving-the-set-covering-problem-using-the-binary-cat-swarm-optimization-metaheuristic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5012</span> Variable vs. Fixed Window Width Code Correlation Reference Waveform Receivers for Multipath Mitigation in Global Navigation Satellite Systems with Binary Offset Carrier and Multiplexed Binary Offset Carrier Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Alhussein">Fahad Alhussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huaping%20Liu"> Huaping Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper compares the multipath mitigation performance of code correlation reference waveform receivers with variable and fixed window width, for binary offset carrier and multiplexed binary offset carrier signals typically used in global navigation satellite systems. In the variable window width method, such width is iteratively reduced until the distortion on the discriminator with multipath is eliminated. This distortion is measured as the Euclidean distance between the actual discriminator (obtained with the incoming signal), and the local discriminator (generated with a local copy of the signal). The variable window width have shown better performance compared to the fixed window width. In particular, the former yields zero error for all delays for the BOC and MBOC signals considered, while the latter gives rather large nonzero errors for small delays in all cases. Due to its computational simplicity, the variable window width method is perfectly suitable for implementation in low-cost receivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20reference%20waveform%20receivers" title="correlation reference waveform receivers">correlation reference waveform receivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20offset%20carrier" title=" binary offset carrier"> binary offset carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplexed%20binary%20offset%20carrier" title=" multiplexed binary offset carrier"> multiplexed binary offset carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20navigation%20satellite%20systems" title=" global navigation satellite systems"> global navigation satellite systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116944/variable-vs-fixed-window-width-code-correlation-reference-waveform-receivers-for-multipath-mitigation-in-global-navigation-satellite-systems-with-binary-offset-carrier-and-multiplexed-binary-offset-carrier-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5011</span> Struggles of Non-Binary People in an Organizational Setting in Iceland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Henry">Kevin Henry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: This research identifies the main struggles of non-binary people in an organizational setting using the ZMET – method of in-depth interviews. The research was done in Iceland, a country that is repeatedly listed in the top countries for gender equality and found three main categories of non-binary struggles in organizations. These categories can be used to improve organizational non-binary inclusion. Aim: The main questions this paper will answer are: Which unique obstacles are non-binary people facing in their daily organizational life? Which organizational and individual measures help with more inclusion of non-binary people? How can organizational gender equality measures be made more inclusive of non-binary issues? Background: Even though gender equality is a much-researched topic, the struggles of non-binary people are often overlooked in gender equality research. Additionally, non-binary and transgender people are frequently researched together, even though their struggles can be very different. Research focused on non-binary people is, in many cases, done on a more structural or organizational level with quantitative data such as salary or position within an organization. This research focuses on the individual and their struggles with qualitative data to derive measures for non-binary inclusion and equality. Method: An adapted approach of the ZMET-Method (Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique) will be used, during which in-depth interviews are held with individuals, utilizing pictures as a metaphorical starting point to discuss their main thoughts and feelings on being non-binary in an organizational setting. Interviewees prepared five pictures, each representing one key thought or feeling about their organizational life. The interviewer then lets the interviewee describe each picture and asks probing questions to get a deeper understanding of each individual topic. This method helps with a mostly unbiased data collection process by only asking probing questions during the interview and not leading the interviewee in any certain direction. Results: This research has identified three main categories of struggles non-binary people are facing in an organizational setting: internal (personal) struggles, external struggles and structural struggles. Internal struggles refer to struggles that originate from the person themselves (e.g., struggles with their own identity). External struggles refer to struggles from the outside (e.g. harassment from coworkers, exclusion). Structural struggles refer to struggles that are built into the organizational policy or facilities (e.g. restrooms, gendered language). Conclusion: This study shows that there are many struggles for non-binary people in organizations and that even in countries that pride themselves on being progressive and having a high level of gender equality, there is still much to be done for non-binary inclusion. Implications for Organizations: Organizations that strive to improve the inclusion of all genders should pay attention to how their structures are built, how their training is conducted, and how their policies affect people of various genders. Simple changes like making restrooms gender-neutral and using neutral language in company communications are good examples of small structural steps for more inclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20equality" title="gender equality">gender equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-binary" title=" non-binary"> non-binary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizations" title=" organizations"> organizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZMET" title=" ZMET"> ZMET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186329/struggles-of-non-binary-people-in-an-organizational-setting-in-iceland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=167">167</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=168">168</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20phase&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> 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