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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palaeolithic_and_Epipalaeolithic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palaeolithic_and_Epipalaeolithic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Palaeolithic and Epipalaeolithic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palaeolithic_and_Epipalaeolithic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_agriculture:_olive_oil_and_wine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_agriculture:_olive_oil_and_wine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ancient agriculture: olive oil and wine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_agriculture:_olive_oil_and_wine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_strategic_location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_strategic_location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>As a strategic location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_strategic_location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hebrew_Bible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew_Bible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Hebrew Bible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrew_Bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_sacred_location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_sacred_location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>As a sacred location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_sacred_location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canaanites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canaanites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Canaanites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canaanites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israelites_and_Hebrew_Bible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israelites_and_Hebrew_Bible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Israelites and Hebrew Bible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israelites_and_Hebrew_Bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Altar_to_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altar_to_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2.1</span> <span>Altar to God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altar_to_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elijah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elijah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2.2</span> <span>Elijah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elijah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellenistic_and_Roman_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellenistic_and_Roman_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>Hellenistic and Roman periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hellenistic_and_Roman_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carmelites_(12th_century_–_present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carmelites_(12th_century_–_present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4</span> <span>Carmelites (12th century – present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carmelites_(12th_century_–_present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼí_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.5</span> <span>Baháʼí Faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahmadiyya_Muslims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahmadiyya_Muslims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.6</span> <span>Ahmadiyya Muslims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahmadiyya_Muslims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Carmel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelberg" title="Karmelberg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karmelberg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84" title="جبل الكرمل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جبل الكرمل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carmelo" title="Monte Carmelo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Monte Carmelo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кармель – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кармель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кармэль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кармэль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Кармел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кармел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menez_Karmel" title="Menez Karmel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Menez Karmel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Carmel" title="Mont Carmel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mont Carmel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukid_Carmelo" title="Bukid Carmelo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bukid Carmelo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmel_(poho%C5%99%C3%AD)" title="Karmel (pohoří) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karmel (pohoří)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynydd_Carmel" title="Mynydd Carmel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mynydd Carmel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelbjerget" title="Karmelbjerget – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karmelbjerget" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmel_(Gebirge)" title="Karmel (Gebirge) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karmel (Gebirge)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Όρος Κάρμηλος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όρος Κάρμηλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carmelo" title="Monte Carmelo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monte Carmelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmel_(montaro)" title="Karmel (montaro) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karmel (montaro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmel_mendia" title="Karmel mendia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karmel mendia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84" title="کوه کرمل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوه کرمل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Carmel" title="Mont Carmel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mont Carmel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliabh_Chairmeil" title="Sliabh Chairmeil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sliabh Chairmeil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%A9%9C%EC%82%B0" title="카르멜산 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카르멜산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmel" title="Karmel – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karmel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Karmel" title="Gunung Karmel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gunung Karmel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelfjall" title="Karmelfjall – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Karmelfjall" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carmelo" title="Monte Carmelo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monte Carmelo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9C" title="הכרמל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכרמל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Karmel" title="Gunung Karmel – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gunung Karmel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კარმელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარმელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlima_Karmeli" title="Mlima Karmeli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mlima Karmeli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Carmel" title="Mont Carmel – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mont Carmel" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mount Carmel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelio_kalnas" title="Karmelio kalnas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karmelio kalnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rmel_(hegy)" title="Kármel (hegy) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kármel (hegy)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Кармел (планина) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кармел (планина)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendrombohitra_Karmela" title="Tendrombohitra Karmela – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tendrombohitra Karmela" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84" title="جبل الكرمل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جبل الكرمل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Кармел уул – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кармел уул" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelgebergte" title="Karmelgebergte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karmelgebergte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="カルメル山 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルメル山" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelberget" title="Karmelberget – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karmelberget" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelberget" title="Karmelberget – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karmelberget" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Carm%C3%A8l" title="Mont Carmèl – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mont Carmèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84" title="کوہ کرمل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوہ کرمل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3ra_Karmel" title="Góra Karmel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Góra Karmel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carmelo" title="Monte Carmelo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monte Carmelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntele_Carmel" title="Muntele Carmel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Muntele Carmel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кармель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кармель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mount Carmel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmel" title="Karmel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karmel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%B5" title="چیاکانی کارمێڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چیاکانی کارمێڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Кармел – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кармел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmel" title="Karmel – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karmel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelvuori" title="Karmelvuori – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karmelvuori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmelberget" title="Karmelberget – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karmelberget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundok_Carmelo" title="Bundok Carmelo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bundok Carmelo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="கார்மேல் மலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்மேல் மலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermil_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kermil Dağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kermil Dağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кармель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кармель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84" title="کوہ کرمل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوہ کرمل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAi_Carmel" title="Núi Carmel – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Núi Carmel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukid_Carmelo" title="Bukid Carmelo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bukid Carmelo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%AF%86%E5%B1%B1" title="迦密山 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="迦密山" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92" title="כרמל בארג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כרמל בארג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%AF%86%E5%B1%B1" title="迦密山 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="迦密山" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185318#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Carmel&params=32_44_N_35_03_E_type:mountain_region:IL_scale:195000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°44′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°03′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.733°N 35.050°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.733; 35.050</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Coastal mountain range in Israel and portions thereof</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mount Carmel (disambiguation)">Mount Carmel (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Carmel_(biblical_settlement)" title="Carmel (biblical settlement)">Carmel (biblical settlement)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mount St Elijah" redirects here. For similarly named topics, see <a href="/wiki/Monte_Sant%27Elia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Monte Sant'Elia (disambiguation)">Monte Sant'Elia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Mount Carmel</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname"><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">הר הכרמל</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>)</span><br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جبل الكرمل</span></span> / <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جبل مار إلياس</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caiobadner_-_mount_carmel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Caiobadner_-_mount_carmel.JPG/272px-Caiobadner_-_mount_carmel.JPG" decoding="async" width="272" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Caiobadner_-_mount_carmel.JPG/408px-Caiobadner_-_mount_carmel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Caiobadner_-_mount_carmel.JPG/544px-Caiobadner_-_mount_carmel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">The southern tip of Mount Carmel at sunset, as seen from the entrance to <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">Kibbutz</a> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27agan_Michael" title="Ma'agan Michael">Ma'agan Michael</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">525.4 m (1,724 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">39 km (24 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">8 km (5.0 mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_outline_haifa.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mount Carmel is located in Haifa region of Israel"><img alt="Mount Carmel is located in Haifa region of Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Israel_outline_haifa.png/272px-Israel_outline_haifa.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Israel_outline_haifa.png/408px-Israel_outline_haifa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Israel_outline_haifa.png/544px-Israel_outline_haifa.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="469" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.021%;left:75.859%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mount Carmel"><img alt="Mount Carmel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/16px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/32px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:9px"><div>Mount Carmel</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">District</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Range coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Carmel&params=32_44_N_35_03_E_type:mountain_region:IL_scale:195000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°44′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°03′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.733°N 35.050°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.733; 35.050</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_types" title="List of rock types">Rock type(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount-carmel-1894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mount-carmel-1894.jpg/220px-Mount-carmel-1894.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mount-carmel-1894.jpg/330px-Mount-carmel-1894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Mount-carmel-1894.jpg/440px-Mount-carmel-1894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>A view of Mount Carmel in 1894</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbud17C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Abbud17C.jpg/220px-Abbud17C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Abbud17C.jpg/330px-Abbud17C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Abbud17C.jpg/440px-Abbud17C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Coloured postcard of "Haifa, Mount Carmel", by <a href="/wiki/Karimeh_Abbud" title="Karimeh Abbud">Karimeh Abbud</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1925</span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mount Carmel</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">הַר הַכַּרְמֶל</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Har haKarmel</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جبل الكرمل</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Jabal al-Karmil</i></span>), also known in Arabic as <b>Mount Mar Elias</b> (Arabic: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جبل مار إلياس</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Jabal Mār Ilyās</i></span>, <small><abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> </small>'Mount Saint Elias/<a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a>'), is a coastal <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain range</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> stretching from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> towards the southeast. The range is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere reserve">biosphere reserve</a>. A number of towns are situated there, most notably <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Israel's third largest city, located on the northern and western slopes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>karmel</i> has been interpreted to mean: "garden-land"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (of uncertain origin); "vineyard of <a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">God</a>", as a compound of <i>kerem</i> and <i>el</i>; or a clipping of <i>kar male,</i> meaning "full kernel."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martin Jan Mulder suggested a third etymology, that of <i>kerem + l</i> with a lamed <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sufformative" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:sufformative">sufformative</a>, but this is considered unlikely as evidence for the existence of a lamed sufformative is weak.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_geology">Geography and geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography and geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The phrase "Mount Carmel" has been used in three distinct ways, referring to either one of the following three areas:<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The 39 km (24 mi) long mountain range all the way to <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Hill_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Manasseh Hill Country">Manasseh Hill Country</a> and the heights southeast of it.</li> <li>The northwestern 21 km (13 mi) of the mountain range.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Headland" title="Headland">headland</a> at the northwestern end of the range.</li></ul> <p>The Carmel range is approximately 6.5 to 8 kilometres (4.0 to 5.0 miles) wide, sloping gradually towards the southwest, but forming a steep ridge on the northeastern face, 546 metres (1,791 feet) high. The <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a> lies to the immediate northeast. The range forms a natural barrier in the landscape, just as the Jezreel Valley forms a natural passageway, and consequently the mountain range and the valley have had a large impact on migration and invasions through the Levant over time.<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mountain formation is an admixture of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a>, containing many caves, and covered in several volcanic rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JEnc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While most of the sedimentary rock originates in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">late Cretaceous</a>, some of the north east sediments are from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">early Cretaceous</a>, and the edges also feature sediments from the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">pleistocen</a>. </p><p>The sloped side of the mountain is covered with luxuriant vegetation, including <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">laurel</a> trees.<sup id="cite_ref-JEnc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several modern towns are located on the range, including <a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam</a> on the eastern ridge; <a href="/wiki/Zikhron_Ya%27akov" title="Zikhron Ya'akov">Zikhron Ya'akov</a> on the southern slope; the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> communities of <a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Karmel" title="Daliyat al-Karmel">Daliyat al-Karmel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isfiya" title="Isfiya">Isfiya</a> on the more central part of the ridge; and the towns of <a href="/wiki/Nesher" title="Nesher">Nesher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirat_Hakarmel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirat Hakarmel">Tirat Hakarmel</a>, and the city of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, on the far northwestern <a href="/wiki/Promontory" title="Promontory">promontory</a> and its base. There is also a small kibbutz called <a href="/wiki/Beit_Oren" title="Beit Oren">Beit Oren</a>, which is located on one of the highest points in the range to the southeast of Haifa. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_Naval_Base" title="Mount Carmel Naval Base">Mount Carmel Naval Base</a> is also located just near the mountain and is the logistical hub of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palaeolithic_and_Epipalaeolithic">Palaeolithic and Epipalaeolithic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Palaeolithic and Epipalaeolithic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neanderthal_distribution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Neanderthal_distribution.jpg/330px-Neanderthal_distribution.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Neanderthal_distribution.jpg/495px-Neanderthal_distribution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Neanderthal_distribution.jpg/660px-Neanderthal_distribution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1693" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of the <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a>, and main sites, including <a href="/wiki/Tabun_Cave" title="Tabun Cave">Tabun cave</a>, 500,000 to around 40,000 BP</figcaption></figure> <p>As part of a 1929–1934 campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between 1930 and 1932, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Garrod" title="Dorothy Garrod">Dorothy Garrod</a> excavated four caves, and a number of rock shelters, in the Carmel mountain range at el-Wad, <a href="/wiki/Tabun,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabun, Israel">el-Tabun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Es_Skhul" class="mw-redirect" title="Es Skhul">Es Skhul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garrod discovered <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> and early modern human remains, including the skeleton of a Neanderthal female, named Tabun I, which is regarded as one of the most important human fossils ever found.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The excavation at el-Tabun produced the longest <a href="/wiki/Stratigraphy" title="Stratigraphy">stratigraphic record</a> in the region, spanning 600,000 or more years of human activity.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The four caves and rock-shelters, Tabun, Jamal, el-Wad, and Skhul, together yield results from the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Paleolithic" title="Lower Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic</a> to the present day, representing roughly a million years of <a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">human evolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also several well-preserved burials of Neanderthals and <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i> and the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer groups to complex, sedentary agricultural societies is extensively documented at the site. Taken together, these emphasize the paramount significance of the Mount Carmel caves for the study of human cultural and biological evolution within the framework of palaeo-ecological changes."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, UNESCO's <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">World Heritage Committee</a> added the sites of human evolution at Mount Carmel to the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">List of World Heritage Sites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jpostunesco_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpostunesco-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The World Heritage Site includes four caves (Tabun, Jamal, el-Wad, and Skhul) on the southern side of the Nahal Me'arot/Wadi El-Mughara Valley. The site fulfils criteria in two separate categories, "natural" and "cultural".<sup id="cite_ref-jpostunesco_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpostunesco-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of great interest for the <a href="/wiki/Epipalaeolithic_Near_East" title="Epipalaeolithic Near East">Near East Epipalaeolithic</a> is <a href="/wiki/Kebara_Cave" title="Kebara Cave">Kebara Cave</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lilium_candidum_in_Wadi_Kelah_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lilium_candidum_in_Wadi_Kelah_1.jpg/220px-Lilium_candidum_in_Wadi_Kelah_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lilium_candidum_in_Wadi_Kelah_1.jpg/330px-Lilium_candidum_in_Wadi_Kelah_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lilium_candidum_in_Wadi_Kelah_1.jpg/440px-Lilium_candidum_in_Wadi_Kelah_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3419" data-file-height="2414" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Haifa" title="University of Haifa">University of Haifa</a> atop Mount Carmel</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2020, archaeologists from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Haifa" title="University of Haifa">University of Haifa</a> announced the discovery of the oldest known tool used for grinding or scraping, dating back about 350,000 years at the <a href="/wiki/Tabun_Cave" title="Tabun Cave">Tabun Cave</a> at Mount Carmel site. According to researchers, this <a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">cobble</a> belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Acheulo-Yabrudian_complex" title="Acheulo-Yabrudian complex">Acheulo-Yabrudian complex</a> from the late Lower <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> and was used by <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">hominids</a> for <a href="/wiki/Abrasion_(mechanical)" title="Abrasion (mechanical)">abrading</a> surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_agriculture:_olive_oil_and_wine">Ancient agriculture: olive oil and wine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancient agriculture: olive oil and wine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">Archaeologists</a> have discovered ancient wine and oil presses at various locations on Mount Carmel.<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JEnc_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_strategic_location">As a strategic location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: As a strategic location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hebrew_Bible">Hebrew Bible</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hebrew Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Promotory_and_convent_of_Mount_Caramel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Promotory_and_convent_of_Mount_Caramel.jpg/220px-Promotory_and_convent_of_Mount_Caramel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Promotory_and_convent_of_Mount_Caramel.jpg/330px-Promotory_and_convent_of_Mount_Caramel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Promotory_and_convent_of_Mount_Caramel.jpg/440px-Promotory_and_convent_of_Mount_Caramel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="1178" /></a><figcaption>Promontory and convent of Mount Carmel</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the lush vegetation on the sloped hillside, and many caves on the steeper side, Carmel became the haunt of criminals.<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thickly-wooded Carmel was seen as a hiding place, as implied by the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Book of Amos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a> travelled to Carmel straight after cursing a group of young men because they had mocked him and the ascension of Elijah by jeering, "Go on up, bald man!" After this, bears came out of the forest and mauled 42 of them.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This does not necessarily imply that Elisha had sought asylum there from any potential backlash,<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the description in the Book of Amos, of the location being a refuge, is dated by textual scholars to be earlier than the accounts of Elisha in the Books of Kings.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ottoman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman period">Ottoman Period</a>, Mount Carmel was part of <a href="/wiki/Turabay_dynasty" title="Turabay dynasty">Turabay</a> Emirate (1517–1683), which encompassed also the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an_Valley" title="Beit She'an Valley">Beit She'an Valley</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Nablus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Nablus">Jabal Nablus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Hills" title="Manasseh Hills">Bilad al-Ruha/Ramot Menashe</a>, and the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Sharon_plain" title="Sharon plain">Sharon plain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> settlement in the Carmel region is relatively recent, with the exact timing unclear. According to one tradition accepted by scholars, they settled in the ruins of ancient <i>Huseife</i>, now <a href="/wiki/Isfiya" title="Isfiya">Isfiya</a> after the defeat of the Lebanon-centered House Ma'an. <a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Karmel" title="Daliyat al-Karmel">Daliyat al-Karmel</a>'s population consisted of refugees from Aleppo who arrived in the early 19th century. Despite facing attacks from neighboring villages, the largest towns, Isfiya and Daliyat al-Carmel, persevered, possibly following the withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt" title="Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt">Ibrahim Pasha</a>'s army.<i><sup id="cite_ref-:03_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_I">World War I</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Mount Carmel played a significant strategic role. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a> took place at the head of <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Ara" title="Wadi Ara">a pass</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmel Ridge">Carmel Ridge</a>, which overlooks the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Valley of Jezreel</a> from the south. <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Allenby,_1st_Viscount_Allenby" title="Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby">General Edmund Allenby</a> led the British in the battle, which was a turning point in the war against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. The Jezreel Valley had played host to many battles before, including the historically very significant <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(15th_century_BC)" title="Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)">Battle of Megiddo</a> between the Egyptians and Canaanites in the 15th century BCE, but it was only in the 20th-century battle that the Carmel Ridge itself played a significant part, due to the development in <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitions">munitions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_sacred_location">As a sacred location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: As a sacred location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canaanites">Canaanites</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Canaanites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In ancient <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> culture, <i>high places</i> were frequently considered to be sacred, and Mount Carmel appears to have been no exception; Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a> lists a <i>holy headland</i> among his Canaanite territories, and if this equates to Carmel, as <a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptologists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Maspero" title="Gaston Maspero">Maspero</a> believe, then it would indicate that the mountain headland was considered sacred from at least the 15th century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israelites_and_Hebrew_Bible">Israelites and Hebrew Bible</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Israelites and Hebrew Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Altar_to_God">Altar to God</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Altar to God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a>, there was an altar to God on the mountain, which had fallen into ruin by the time of <a href="/wiki/Ahab" title="Ahab">Ahab</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> built a new one (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%2018:30–32&version=nrsv">1 Kings 18:30–32</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Elijah">Elijah</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Elijah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mainstream <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a><sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thought, <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> is indelibly associated with the mountain, and he is regarded as having sometimes resided in a <a href="/wiki/Grotto" title="Grotto">grotto</a> on the mountain. Indeed, one <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> name for Mount Carmel is جبل مار إلياس (<i>Jabal Mar Elyas</i>, lit. "Mount of Saint Elias"). In the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a>, Elijah challenges 450 prophets of <i><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></i> to a contest at the altar on Mount Carmel to determine whose deity was genuinely in control of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a>. The role of the mountain in this story reflects its status as sacred.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the narrative is set during the rule of <a href="/wiki/Ahab" title="Ahab">Ahab</a> and his association with the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">biblical scholars</a> suspect that the <i>Baal</i> in question was probably <a href="/wiki/Melqart" title="Melqart">Melqart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/1_Kings_18" title="1 Kings 18">chapter 18</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, the challenge was to see which deity could light a sacrifice by fire. After the prophets of Baal had failed, Elijah had water poured upon his sacrifice to saturate the altar. He then prayed. Fire fell and consumed the sacrifice, wood, stones, soil and water, which prompted the <a href="/wiki/Israelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Israelite">Israelite</a> witnesses to proclaim, "The LORD, He is God! The LORD, He is God!" In the account, Elijah also announced the end to a long three-year drought, which had previously been sent as divine punishment for Israel's <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a>. </p><p>Though there is no biblical reason to assume that the account of Elijah's victory refers to any particular part of Mount Carmel,<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islamic tradition places it at a point known as <i>El-Maharrakah</i> or rather <i><b>El-Muhraqa</b></i>, meaning <i>the burning</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-JEnc_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two areas have been hypothesized as the possible site for the story about the battle against the priests of Baal. The slaughter could have taken place near the river <a href="/wiki/Kishon_River" title="Kishon River">Kishon</a>, at the mountain base, in an amphitheater-like flat area. The site where the offering took place is traditionally placed on the mountain above <a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam</a>, on the road to the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> village of <a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Carmel" class="mw-redirect" title="Daliyat al-Carmel">Daliyat el-Karmil</a>, where there is a monastery, built in 1868, called El-Muhraqa ("the burning", possibly related to the burnt sacrifice"). It is regarded as one of the must-visit tour sites in the area of Haifa.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See below under "<b>Carmelites (12th c.–present): El-Muhraqa site</b>" for more). </p><p>Although archaeological clues are absent, the site is favoured because it has a spring, from which water could have been drawn to wet Elijah's offering. There is also a sea view, where Elijah looked out to see the cloud announcing rain. However, the biblical text states that Elijah had to climb up to see the sea. There is an altar in the monastery which is claimed to be that which Elijah built in God's honour, but that is unlikely, as it is not made of the local limestone.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> venerate Elijah, and he is considered a central figure in <a href="/wiki/Druzism" class="mw-redirect" title="Druzism">Druzism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_the_Druzes_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_of_the_Druzes-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and due to his importance in <a href="/wiki/Druzism" class="mw-redirect" title="Druzism">Druzism</a>, the settlement of Druze on Mount Carmel had partly to do with Elijah's story and devotion. There are two large Druze towns on the eastern slopes of Mount Carmel: <a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Karmel" title="Daliyat al-Karmel">Daliyat al-Karmel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isfiya" title="Isfiya">Isfiya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_the_Druzes_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_of_the_Druzes-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hellenistic_and_Roman_periods">Hellenistic and Roman periods</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hellenistic and Roman periods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Iamblichus" title="Iamblichus">Iamblichus</a> describes <a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a> visiting the mountain on account of its reputation for sacredness, stating that it was <i>the most holy of all mountains, and access was forbidden to many</i>, while <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> states that there was an <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a> situated there, which <a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a> visited for a consultation;<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tacitus states that there was an altar there, but without any image upon it, and without a temple around it.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The existence of a pagan temple on Mount Carmel is supported by the <i><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_Pseudo-Scylax" title="Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax">Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax</a></i>, a fourth century <a href="/wiki/Periplus" title="Periplus">periplus</a> that mentions Mount Carmel as the "mount and temple of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Carmelites_(12th_century_–_present)"><span id="Carmelites_.2812th_century_.E2.80.93_present.29"></span>Carmelites (12th century – present)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Carmelites (12th century – present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1.jpg/220px-%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1.jpg/330px-%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1.jpg/440px-%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stella_Maris_Monastery" title="Stella Maris Monastery">Stella Maris Monastery</a> in Mount Carmel, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Catholic_religious_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic religious order">Catholic religious order</a> was founded on Mount Carmel in 1209, named the <a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a>, in reference to the mountain range; the founder of the Carmelites is still unknown (d.1265).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the original Rule or 'Letter of Life' given by Albert, the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem who was resident in Acre, around the year 1210, this hermit is referred to simply as 'Brother B'; he probably died around the date 1210 and could have been either a pilgrim, someone serving out a penance or a crusader who had stayed in the Holy Land.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a> is sometimes named as the founder, he was not, and had merely visited it in 1252.<sup id="cite_ref-JEnc_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><b>Stella Maris site</b></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grotto_of_Elijah,_Mt_Carmel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Grotto_of_Elijah%2C_Mt_Carmel.jpg/220px-Grotto_of_Elijah%2C_Mt_Carmel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Grotto_of_Elijah%2C_Mt_Carmel.jpg/330px-Grotto_of_Elijah%2C_Mt_Carmel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Grotto_of_Elijah%2C_Mt_Carmel.jpg/440px-Grotto_of_Elijah%2C_Mt_Carmel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>According to <a href="/wiki/Carmelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmelite">Carmelite</a> tradition, the crypt of the <a href="/wiki/Stella_Maris_Monastery" title="Stella Maris Monastery">Stella Maris Monastery</a>, seen here on a 1913 photo, was originally the hiding cave of Elijah</figcaption></figure> <p>The Order was founded at the site that it claimed had been the location of Elijah's cave, 1,700 feet (520 m) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> at the northwestern end of the mountain range.<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though there is no documentary evidence to support it, Carmelite tradition suggests that a community of <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermits</a> had lived at the site from the time of <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> until the Carmelites were founded there; prefixed to the Carmelite Constitution of 1281 was the claim that from the time when Elijah and <a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a> had <i>dwelt devoutly on Mount Carmel</i>, priests and prophets, Jewish and Christian, had lived "praiseworthy lives in holy <a href="/wiki/Penitence" class="mw-redirect" title="Penitence">penitence</a>" adjacent to the site of the "fountain of Elisha"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (January 2020)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Mount_Carmel#1._There_are_two_caves,_one_at_Stella_Maris_and_one_close-by,_now_used_only_as_a_synagogue_but_with_a_stronger_tradition,_including_for_Christians_and_Muslims._2._A_spring_is_near_Muhraqa,_at_the_peak_at_the_other_end_of_of_the_mountain,_but_none_near_Stella_Maris_-_VERY_confusing!" title="Talk:Mount Carmel">discuss</a></i>]</sup> in an uninterrupted succession.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (January 2020)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Mount_Carmel#Which_site_is_which,_Stella_Maris_at_the_NW_end_with_the_cave_and_overlooking_the_sea,_or_Muhraqa_at_the_E_&_on_the_highest_peak?" title="Talk:Mount Carmel">discuss</a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A Carmelite <a href="/wiki/Stella_Maris_Monastery" title="Stella Maris Monastery">monastery</a> was founded at the site shortly after the Order itself was created, and was dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a> under the title of "<a href="/wiki/Our_Lady,_Star_of_the_Sea" title="Our Lady, Star of the Sea">Star of the Sea</a>" ("stella maris" in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>), a common medieval presentation of her.<sup id="cite_ref-Biblica_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Carmelite Order grew to be one of the major Catholic <a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">religious orders</a> worldwide, although the monastery at Carmel has had a less successful history. During the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> the monastery often changed hands, frequently being converted into a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JEnc_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1799 the building was finally converted into a <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, but in 1821 the surviving structure was destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">pasha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JEnc_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new monastery was later constructed directly over a nearby cave, after funds were collected by the Carmelite Order for restoration of the monastery.<sup id="cite_ref-JEnc_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cave, which now forms the <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a> of the monastic church, is termed "Elijah's grotto" by the <a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Discalced Carmelite">Discalced Carmelite</a> friars who have custody of the monastery.<sup id="cite_ref-JEnc_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><b>El-Muhraqa site</b></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:48.El-Mohraka_(site_du_Sacrifice_d%27Elie.)_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/48.El-Mohraka_%28site_du_Sacrifice_d%27Elie.%29_.jpg/220px-48.El-Mohraka_%28site_du_Sacrifice_d%27Elie.%29_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/48.El-Mohraka_%28site_du_Sacrifice_d%27Elie.%29_.jpg/330px-48.El-Mohraka_%28site_du_Sacrifice_d%27Elie.%29_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/48.El-Mohraka_%28site_du_Sacrifice_d%27Elie.%29_.jpg/440px-48.El-Mohraka_%28site_du_Sacrifice_d%27Elie.%29_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4605" data-file-height="3716" /></a><figcaption>El-Mohraka, in the 1850s, as depicted by <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Meredith_van_de_Velde" title="Charles William Meredith van de Velde">van de Velde</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> control the location at the highest peak of the Carmel came to be known as "El-Maharrakah" or "El-Muhraqa", meaning "place of burning", in reference to the account of Elijah's challenge to the priests of Hadad.<sup id="cite_ref-JEnc_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, perhaps not coincidentally, is also the highest natural point of the mountain range.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dd><b>The Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</b></dd></dl> <p>One of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Scapular" title="Scapular">scapulars</a> is associated with Mount Carmel and the Carmelites. According to Carmelite tradition, the <a href="/wiki/Scapular_of_Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a> was first given to <a href="/wiki/Simon_Stock" title="Simon Stock">St. Simon Stock</a>, an <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> Carmelite, by the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>. The Carmelites refer to her under the title "<a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a>," and celebrate 16 July as her feast day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baháʼí_Faith"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.CA.BC.C3.AD_Faith"></span>Baháʼí Faith</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Baháʼí Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TerracesBenGurion2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/TerracesBenGurion2.jpg/220px-TerracesBenGurion2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/TerracesBenGurion2.jpg/330px-TerracesBenGurion2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/TerracesBenGurion2.jpg/440px-TerracesBenGurion2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Shrine of the Báb">Shrine of the Báb</a> and its Terraces on Mount Carmel, 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>Mount Carmel is considered a sacred place for followers of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>, and is the location of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre" title="Baháʼí World Centre">Baháʼí World Centre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Shrine of the Báb">Shrine of the Báb</a>. The location of the Baháʼí holy places has its roots in the imprisonment of the religion's founder, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a>, near Haifa by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> during the Ottoman Empire's rule over <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>. </p><p>The Shrine of the Báb is a structure where the remains of the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> and forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh in the Baháʼí Faith, have been laid to rest. The shrine's precise location on Mount Carmel was designated by Bahá'u'lláh himself and the Báb's remains were laid to rest on March 21, 1909, in a six-room mausoleum made of local stone. The construction of the shrine with a golden dome was completed over the mausoleum in 1953,<sup id="cite_ref-gold_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gold-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a series of <a href="/wiki/Terraces_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Terraces (Baháʼí)">decorative terraces</a> around the shrine were completed in 2001. The white <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marbles</a> used were from the same ancient source that most <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> masterpieces were using, the <a href="/wiki/Penteliko_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Penteliko Mountain">Penteliko Mountain</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'u'lláh">Bahá'u'lláh</a>, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, writing in the <i><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h#Lawh-i-Karmil_(Tablet_of_Carmel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh">Tablet of Carmel</a></i>, designated the area around the shrine as the location for the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre" title="Baháʼí World Centre">administrative headquarters</a> of the religion; the Baháʼí administrative buildings were constructed adjacent to the decorative terraces, and are referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Arc_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Arc (Baháʼí)">the Arc</a></i>, on account of their physical arrangement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ahmadiyya_Muslims">Ahmadiyya Muslims</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ahmadiyya Muslims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Muslim_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya Muslim Community">Ahmadiyya Muslim Community</a> has its largest Israeli mosque on Mount Carmel, in the <a href="/wiki/Kababir" title="Kababir">Kababir</a> quarter of Haifa, known as the <a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Mosque_(Kababir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmood Mosque (Kababir)">Mahmood Mosque</a>. It is a unique structure with two minarets.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mosque was once visited by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">president of Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>, for an <a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">iftar</a> dinner.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abreekpano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panorama of the Carmel mountain range"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Abreekpano.jpg/1000px-Abreekpano.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Abreekpano.jpg/1500px-Abreekpano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Abreekpano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="349" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Abreekpano.jpg" title="File:Abreekpano.jpg"> </a></div>A panorama of the Carmel mountain range</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_National_Park" title="Mount Carmel National Park">Mount Carmel National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Me%27arot_Nature_Reserve" title="Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve">Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_Forest_Fire_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Carmel Forest Fire (2010)">Mount Carmel Forest Fire (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Chapel,_Haifa" title="Sacred Heart Chapel, Haifa">Sacred Heart Chapel, Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Final_Fortress" title="Palestine Final Fortress">Palestine Final Fortress</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericlevy.com/revel/bdb/bdb/main.htm/">"Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brown-Driver-Briggs+Hebrew+and+English+Lexicon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericlevy.com%2Frevel%2Fbdb%2Fbdb%2Fmain.htm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Carmel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://school.kotar.cet.ac.il/KotarApp/Index/Page.aspx?nBookID=45800000&nTocEntryID=45927722&nPageID=45902757">"Aviv Hadash: An Israeli youth encyclopedia"</a>. p. vol. 9 pg. 169.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aviv+Hadash%3A+An+Israeli+youth+encyclopedia&rft.pages=vol.+9+pg.+169&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fschool.kotar.cet.ac.il%2FKotarApp%2FIndex%2FPage.aspx%3FnBookID%3D45800000%26nTocEntryID%3D45927722%26nPageID%3D45902757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Carmel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulTamitsu2006" class="citation book cs1">Paul, Jouon; Tamitsu, Muraoka (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oJY06MoeEb4C&q=88"><i>A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew</i></a>. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7653-629-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7653-629-8"><bdi>978-88-7653-629-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Biblical+Hebrew&rft.pub=Gregorian+Biblical+BookShop&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-88-7653-629-8&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Jouon&rft.au=Tamitsu%2C+Muraoka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoJY06MoeEb4C%26q%3D88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Carmel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biblica-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biblica_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheyne and Black, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Biblica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Biblica">Encyclopedia Biblica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JEnc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JEnc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEnc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEnc_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEnc_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEnc_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEnc_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEnc_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEnc_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEnc_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JEnc_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jewish encyclopedia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallander2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Callander, Jane (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37443">"Garrod, Dorothy Annie Elizabeth (1892–1968)"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F37443">10.1093/ref:odnb/37443</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Rowman & Littlefield. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442246171" title="Special:BookSources/9781442246171"><bdi>9781442246171</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Druzes&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781442246171&rft.aulast=Swayd&rft.aufirst=Samy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Carmel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> <i>Vespasian</i> 5.6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> <i>Histories</i> 2.78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafrai2018" class="citation book cs1">Safrai, Ze'ev (2018). "Jewish and Christian Sacred Sites in the Holy Land". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1045023033"><i>Seeking out the Land: Land of Israel Traditions in Ancient Jewish, Christian and Samaritan Literature (200 BCE - 400 CE)</i></a>. Boston: BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-33482-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-33482-3"><bdi>978-90-04-33482-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1045023033">1045023033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jewish+and+Christian+Sacred+Sites+in+the+Holy+Land&rft.btitle=Seeking+out+the+Land%3A+Land+of+Israel+Traditions+in+Ancient+Jewish%2C+Christian+and+Samaritan+Literature+%28200+BCE+-+400+CE%29&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1045023033&rft.isbn=978-90-04-33482-3&rft.aulast=Safrai&rft.aufirst=Ze%27ev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1045023033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Carmel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Hitchcock, History of the Catholic Church, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2012, p.155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gold-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gold_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bahai.org/story/252">"Golden anniversary of the Queen of Carmel"</a>. Baháʼí World News Service. 2003-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Golden+anniversary+of+the+Queen+of+Carmel&rft.date=2003-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bahai.org%2Fstory%2F252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Carmel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c12/67">"Holy Sites in Haifa"</a>. Tour-Haifa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holy+Sites+in+Haifa&rft.pub=Tour-Haifa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tour-haifa.co.il%2Feng%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.article.php%2Fc12%2F67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Carmel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKC-m6pq4Uo">"Shimon Peres visits Ahmadiyya Mosque in Kababir Israel"</a>. youtube<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shimon+Peres+visits+Ahmadiyya+Mosque+in+Kababir+Israel&rft.pub=youtube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DMKC-m6pq4Uo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Carmel" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead YouTube link tagged February 2022">dead YouTube link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Carmel&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mount_Carmel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=all&code=ISR+01">UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Directory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1393">UNESCO World Heritage List</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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<li><a href="/wiki/Castel_National_Park" title="Castel National Park">Castel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hemed" title="Ein Hemed">Ein Hemed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaean_Mountains" title="Judaean Mountains">Judaean Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achzib" class="mw-redirect" title="Achzib">Achziv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%27am_National_Park" title="Bar'am National Park">Bar'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Alpha" title="Beth Alpha">Beit Alfa Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit She'arim National Park">Beit She'arim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvoir Fortress">Belvoir Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorazin" title="Chorazin">Chorazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_HaShlosha_National_Park" title="Gan HaShlosha National Park">Gan HaShlosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamat_Gader" title="Hamat Gader">Hamat Gader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamat_Tiberias" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamat Tiberias">Hamat Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ayan_Harod_National_Park" title="Ma'ayan Harod National Park">Ma'ayan Harod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Hattin" title="Horns of Hattin">Horns of Hattin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_Valley" title="Hula Valley">Hula Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurshat_Tal" title="Hurshat Tal">Hurshat Tal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Minya" title="Khirbat al-Minya">Hurvat Minia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Castle" title="Montfort Castle">Montfort Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arbel" title="Mount Arbel">Mount Arbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaNikra_grottoes" title="Rosh HaNikra grottoes">Rosh HaNikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurvat_Amudim" title="Hurvat Amudim">Sde Amudim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hazor" title="Tel Hazor">Tel Hazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedesh" title="Kedesh">Tel Kedesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Tel Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzalmon_Stream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzalmon Stream (page does not exist)">Tzalmon Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Tzippori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehi%27am_Fortress_National_Park" title="Yehi'am Fortress National Park">Yehi'am Fortress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarea_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesarea National Park (page does not exist)">Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaSharon_Park" title="HaSharon Park">HaSharon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_National_Park" title="Mount Carmel National Park">Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Me%27arot_Nature_Reserve" title="Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve">Nahal Me'arot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Tel Shikmona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Israel)" title="Central District (Israel)">Central District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander stream">Alexander stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof_HaSharon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hof HaSharon">Hof HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazor_Mausoleum" title="Mazor Mausoleum">Mazor Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_Afek" title="Migdal Afek">Migdal Afek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmachim_beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmachim beach (page does not exist)">Palmachim beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubin_Stream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubin Stream (page does not exist)">Rubin Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipatris" title="Antipatris">Tel Afek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Tel Gezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzur_Natan" title="Tzur Natan">Tzur Natan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_District" title="Tel Aviv District">Tel Aviv District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidna_Ali_Mosque" title="Sidna Ali Mosque">Sidna Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarkon_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkon National Park">Yarkon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ashkelon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon_National_Park" title="Ashkelon National Park">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Guvrin_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Guvrin National Park">Beit Guvrin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semekh_caves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semekh caves (page does not exist)">Semekh caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Lachish" title="Tel Lachish">Tel Lachish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="Tell es-Safi">Tel Tzafit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beersheba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avdat" title="Avdat">Avdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaBesor_Stream" class="mw-redirect" title="HaBesor Stream">Besor Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Avdat" title="Ein Avdat">Ein Avdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Gedi" title="Ein Gedi">Ein Gedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshkol_National_Park" title="Eshkol National Park">Eshkol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamshit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamshit">Mamshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada" title="Masada">Masada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Negev_Brigade" title="Monument to the Negev Brigade">Negev Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitzana_(Nabataean_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitzana (Nabataean city)">Nitzana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivta" title="Shivta">Shivta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad" title="Tel Arad">Tel Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Be%27er_Sheva" title="Tel Be'er Sheva">Tel Be'er Sheva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_in_the_Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Template:National parks in the Israeli-occupied territories"> National parks declared by Israel in the occupied Palestinian territories and Golan Heights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:Nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="Template:Nature reserves of Israel">Nature reserves of Israel</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Israel_and_Jerusalem" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Israel_and_Jerusalem" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Israel and Jerusalem"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Israel_and_Jerusalem" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Israel and Jerusalem"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Israel_and_Jerusalem" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Israel and Jerusalem"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Israel_and_Jerusalem" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Israel" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Israel"> Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Old City of Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre_buildings" title="Baháʼí World Centre buildings">Baháʼi Holy Places in Haifa and Western Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense_Route_%E2%80%93_Desert_Cities_in_the_Negev" title="Incense Route – Desert Cities in the Negev">Incense Route – Desert Cities in the Negev</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avdat" title="Avdat">Avdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elusa_(Haluza)" title="Elusa (Haluza)">Haluza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mampsis" title="Mampsis">Mampsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivta" title="Shivta">Shivta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada" title="Masada">Masada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Me%27arot_Nature_Reserve" title="Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve">Nahal Me'arot / Wadi el-Mughara Caves</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamal_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamal Cave (page does not exist)">Jamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skhul_Cave" title="Skhul Cave">Skhul Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabun_Cave" title="Tabun Cave">Tabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Wad" title="El Wad">El Wad Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li>Biblical Tells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Be%27er_Sheva" title="Tel Be'er Sheva">Tel Be'er Sheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hazor" title="Tel Hazor">Tel Hazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Tel Megiddo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_City_(Tel_Aviv)" class="mw-redirect" title="White City (Tel Aviv)">White City of Tel Aviv</a></li> <li>Caves of <a href="/wiki/Maresha" title="Maresha">Maresha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beit_Guvrin_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Guvrin National Park">Beit Guvrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_necropolis" title="Beit She'arim necropolis">Beit She'arim necropolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a> of Jerusalem and <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">its Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185318#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185318#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185318#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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