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Michael Whelan - Wikipedia

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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Whelan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Whelan_(Maler)" title="Michael Whelan (Maler) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael Whelan (Maler)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Whelan" title="Michael Whelan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael Whelan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Whelan_(yllustrator)" title="Michael Whelan (yllustrator) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Michael Whelan (yllustrator)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%AC_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Մայքլ Ուելան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայքլ Ուելան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Whelan" title="Michael Whelan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Michael Whelan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مايكل ويلان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل ويلان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Whelan" title="Michael Whelan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Whelan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="マイケル・ウィーラン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイケル・ウィーラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Whelan" title="Michael Whelan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michael Whelan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Whelan" title="Michael Whelan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michael Whelan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Уэлан, Майкл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уэлан, Майкл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Whelan" title="Michael Whelan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michael Whelan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Майкл Велан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Майкл Велан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2197061#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">American fantasy and science fiction artist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Michael Whelan, see <a href="/wiki/Michael_Whelan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Michael Whelan (disambiguation)">Michael Whelan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Michael Whelan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MichaelWhelan_Artist_Photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MichaelWhelan_Artist_Photo.jpg/220px-MichaelWhelan_Artist_Photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MichaelWhelan_Artist_Photo.jpg/330px-MichaelWhelan_Artist_Photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MichaelWhelan_Artist_Photo.jpg/440px-MichaelWhelan_Artist_Photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1989" data-file-height="1989" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Artist in studio in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1950-06-29</span>) </span>June 29, 1950<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;74)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&#160;mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_State_University" title="San Jose State University">San Jose State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Center_College_of_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Center College of Design">Art Center College of Design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&#160;for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy art">Fantasy art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Alexa Price-Whelan, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Price-Whelan" title="Adrian Price-Whelan">Adrian Price-Whelan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelwhelan.com">www<wbr />.michaelwhelan<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2197061#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Whelan</b> (born June 29, 1950)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a> of imaginative <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realism</a>. For more than 30 years, he worked as an <a href="/wiki/Illustrator" title="Illustrator">illustrator</a>, specializing in <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> <a href="/wiki/Cover_art" title="Cover art">cover art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-isfdb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since the mid-1990s, he has pursued a <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine art</a> career, selling non-commissioned paintings through <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art_gallery" title="Contemporary art gallery">galleries</a> in the United States and through his website. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction Hall of Fame</a> inducted Whelan in June 2009, the first living artist so honored.<sup id="cite_ref-sfhof2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfhof2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to his Hall of Fame citation<sup id="cite_ref-hof-whelan_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hof-whelan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Michael Whelan is one of the most important contemporary science fiction and fantasy artists, and certainly the most popular. His work was a dominant force in the transition of genre book covers away from the <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a> introduced in the 1950s and 1960s back to realism.</p></blockquote> <p>His paintings have appeared on the covers of more than 350 books and magazines, including many <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a> novels, most of the <a href="/wiki/Del_Rey_Books" title="Del Rey Books">Del Rey</a> editions of <a href="/wiki/Anne_McCaffrey" title="Anne McCaffrey">Anne McCaffrey</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Dragonriders_of_Pern" title="Dragonriders of Pern">Dragonriders of Pern</a></i> series, <a href="/wiki/Piers_Anthony" title="Piers Anthony">Piers Anthony</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Incarnations_of_Immortality" title="Incarnations of Immortality">Incarnations of Immortality</a></i> series, the Del Rey edition of <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs" title="Edgar Rice Burroughs">Edgar Rice Burroughs</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Barsoom" title="Barsoom">Mars</a></i> series, <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Rawn" title="Melanie Rawn">Melanie Rawn</a>'s <i>Dragon Prince and Dragon Star</i> series, the Del Rey editions of <a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft</a>'s short story collections, the Grand Master edition of <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fix-up_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fix-up novel">fix-up novel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_Chronicles" title="The Martian Chronicles">The Martian Chronicles</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/DAW_Books" title="DAW Books">DAW</a> editions of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Elric_of_Melnibon%C3%A9" title="Elric of Melniboné">Elric of Melniboné</a> books, numerous DAW editions of <a href="/wiki/C._J._Cherryh" title="C. J. Cherryh">C. J. Cherryh</a>'s work, many of <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>'s novels including <i><a href="/wiki/Friday_(novel)" title="Friday (novel)">Friday</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cat_Who_Walks_Through_Walls" title="The Cat Who Walks Through Walls">The Cat Who Walks Through Walls</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Ace_Books" title="Ace Books">Ace</a> editions of <a href="/wiki/H._Beam_Piper" title="H. Beam Piper">H. Beam Piper</a>'s Fuzzy novels, and <a href="/wiki/Tad_Williams" title="Tad Williams">Tad Williams</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Memory,_Sorrow,_and_Thorn" title="Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn">Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Otherland" title="Otherland">Otherland</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Shadowmarch" title="Shadowmarch">Shadowmarch</a></i> series and <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Sanderson" title="Brandon Sanderson">Brandon Sanderson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stormlight_Archive" title="The Stormlight Archive">The Stormlight Archive</a></i>. Whelan provided covers and interior illustrations for Stephen King's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Tower:_The_Gunslinger" title="The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger">The Gunslinger</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Tower_VII:_The_Dark_Tower" title="The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower">The Dark Tower</a></i>, the first and last of his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Tower_(series)" title="The Dark Tower (series)">Dark Tower</a></i> books.<sup id="cite_ref-isfdb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cover art by Michael Whelan has graced many music <a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">record albums</a>. These include <a href="/wiki/Demolition_Hammer" title="Demolition Hammer">Demolition Hammer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Epidemic_of_Violence" title="Epidemic of Violence">Epidemic of Violence</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jackson_5#The_Jacksons_CBS/Epic_Records" title="The Jackson 5">The Jacksons</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Victory_(The_Jacksons_album)" title="Victory (The Jacksons album)">Victory</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Sepultura" title="Sepultura">Sepultura</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Beneath_the_Remains" title="Beneath the Remains">Beneath the Remains</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Arise_(Sepultura_album)" title="Arise (Sepultura album)">Arise</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chaos_A.D." title="Chaos A.D.">Chaos A.D.</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_(Sepultura_album)" title="Roots (Sepultura album)">Roots</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Soulfly" title="Soulfly">Soulfly</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Ages_(album)" title="Dark Ages (album)">Dark Ages</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Obituary_(band)" title="Obituary (band)">Obituary</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Cause_of_Death_(album)" title="Cause of Death (album)">Cause of Death</a></i>; and every album by the Elric-influenced metal band <a href="/wiki/Cirith_Ungol_(band)" title="Cirith Ungol (band)">Cirith Ungol</a>. He painted original works for the covers of <a href="/wiki/Meat_Loaf" title="Meat Loaf">Meat Loaf</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Bat_Out_of_Hell_II:_Back_into_Hell" title="Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell">Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Very_Best_of_Meat_Loaf" title="The Very Best of Meat Loaf">The Very Best of Meat Loaf</a></i> albums and several of his older paintings illustrate the <a href="/wiki/Liner_notes" title="Liner notes">liner notes</a> of the former. In 2009, he painted the cover art for <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Evile" title="Evile">Evile</a>'s album <i><a href="/wiki/Infected_Nations" title="Infected Nations">Infected Nations</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Whelan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michael Whelan was born in <a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City, California</a>, the son of William and Nancy Whelan. As a child, he had a nomadic existence, moving nearly every other year, as the family followed his father's career in the aerospace industry. So he attended eight elementary schools, three junior high schools and four high schools, and often lived for a summer in other locations. He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, several cities along the <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> coast, and in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Missile_Range" title="White Sands Missile Range">White Sands Missile Range</a>. Whelan's time near White Sands and <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a> proved a lasting influence; in a 2000 interview, he noted that "living near to missile launching sites and Air Force bases had an impact. It was always thrilling to watch them go up&#160;... and sometimes blow up."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time he was a sophomore in high school, his family had moved to <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver, Colorado</a>. There he began formal training in art, taking summer classes at the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_College_of_Art_and_Design" title="Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design">Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design</a> when he was 15.<sup id="cite_ref-IASFM1978_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASFM1978-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whelan continued school as a <a href="/wiki/Pre-medical" title="Pre-medical">pre-medical</a> biology <a href="/wiki/Academic_major" title="Academic major">major</a> at <a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="San José State University">San José State University</a>, initially. There he worked in the Anatomy and Physiology Department, gaining a first-hand knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Human_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Human anatomy">human anatomy</a>. He says that his job "involved all sorts of tasks related to the anatomy department, such as preparing cadavers for the classes, stringing bones together to make complete skeletons, making models of body parts, some medical illustration, etc."<sup id="cite_ref-delos_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delos-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduating from San José State University in 1973 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a> in Painting (as a "President's Scholar"), Whelan studied at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Center_College_of_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Center College of Design">Art Center College of Design</a> in Pasadena, California for nine months from 1973 to 1974. In 1974, Whelan exhibited his work at the <a href="/wiki/World_Science_Fiction_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="World Science Fiction Convention">World Science Fiction Convention</a> in Washington, D.C., where it was seen by Thomas Schlück, who first discovered his work and contracted to use it in European publications shortly afterwards. <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Wollheim" title="Donald A. Wollheim">Donald A. Wollheim</a> of <a href="/wiki/DAW_Books" title="DAW Books">DAW Books</a> gave him his first American professional assignment—the cover painting and <a href="/wiki/Book_frontispiece" title="Book frontispiece">frontispiece</a> drawing for <a href="/wiki/Lin_Carter" title="Lin Carter">Lin Carter</a>'s fantasy novel, <i>The Enchantress of World's End</i> (May 1975).<sup id="cite_ref-isfdb_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after arriving on the East Coast he exhibited some of his student work in the <a href="/wiki/Lunacon" title="Lunacon">Lunacon</a> convention art show in New York, where it was seen by <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a>. Ellison obtained the first magazine assignment for him, illustrating Ellison's story "Croatoan" which appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/Gallery_(magazine)" title="Gallery (magazine)">Gallery</a></i> magazine in June 1975. At Lunacon Michael also met Rick Bryant, who subsequently introduced him to <a href="/wiki/Neal_Adams" title="Neal Adams">Neal Adams</a>. Adams called the art director of <a href="/wiki/Ace_Books" title="Ace Books">Ace Books</a> and paved the way for his first assignment at Ace. In 1975, Whelan painted the cover illustrations for ten books, eight from DAW and two Ace reprints of early Darkover novels by Marion Zimmer Bradley.<sup id="cite_ref-isfdb_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whelan soon gained a reputation as a talented, imaginative, and dependable cover artist, working for science fiction and fantasy publishers such as DAW, Del Rey, and Ace. Whelan credits the 1978 publication of <a href="/wiki/Anne_McCaffrey" title="Anne McCaffrey">Anne McCaffrey</a>'s best-selling <a href="/wiki/The_White_Dragon_(novel)" title="The White Dragon (novel)"><i>The White Dragon</i></a> featuring his cover art as a turning point in his career.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The SF Hall of Fame agrees.<sup id="cite_ref-hof-whelan_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hof-whelan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whelan won his first <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for Best Professional Artist in 1980 at the <a href="/wiki/Worldcon" title="Worldcon">World Science Fiction Convention</a> in Boston. He went on to win the next Hugos, and at the 50th Worldcon in 1992 was voted the best professional artist of the last 50 years. As of 2010, he has won fifteen <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SFAwards_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFAwards-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>When commissioned, Whelan made a practice of reading the entire book that he sought to illustrate, usually twice. "I try to let the book I'm illustrating determine the approach and subject matter," he stated.<sup id="cite_ref-delos_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delos-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fantasist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a> wrote of Whelan, "I am more than usually grateful for an artist who not only depicts him [Elric] as I imagine (and describe him) but who also manages to capture some of the appropriate atmosphere" (<i>Wonderworks</i>, p.&#160;36). Science fiction writer <a href="/wiki/Anne_McCaffrey" title="Anne McCaffrey">Anne McCaffrey</a> praised him, declaring, "Fortunate indeed is the author who has Michael Whelan for an illustrator" (<i>Wonderworks</i>, p.&#160;55). </p><p>Whelan illustrated the cover for <a href="/wiki/Meat_Loaf" title="Meat Loaf">Meat Loaf</a>'s 1993 album <i><a href="/wiki/Bat_Out_of_Hell_II:_Back_into_Hell" title="Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell">Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell</a></i>. He also provided several illustrations for the insert booklet, which were also used for the single releases such as "<a href="/wiki/I%27d_Do_Anything_for_Love_(But_I_Won%27t_Do_That)" title="I&#39;d Do Anything for Love (But I Won&#39;t Do That)">I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)</a>". Larger versions of his artwork were featured in the album's 2002 special edition release. He has since gone on to paint album cover artwork for many other recording artists, from <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> to Sepultura to Jonn Serrie. </p><p>In the early 1990s, Whelan devoted his time to personal visions and gallery works. In 1997, he held his first one-man art show at Tree's Place in Orleans, Massachusetts. Its success led to another in 1999 and his eventual semi-retirement from illustration.<sup id="cite_ref-in-conversation-1997_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-in-conversation-1997-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Over the past two decades, many of Whelan's gallery pieces found their way into published projects, including the <a href="/wiki/Spectrum_Award" title="Spectrum Award">SPECTRUM art annuals</a>. </p><p>Whelan has returned to illustrate several major book covers during his semi-retirement, including the last book of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Tower_(series)" title="The Dark Tower (series)"><i>Dark Tower</i> series</a> and the final volume of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jordan" title="Robert Jordan">Robert Jordan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wheel_of_Time" title="The Wheel of Time">The Wheel of Time</a></i>. In 2015, <i>The Stephen King Companion: Four Decades of Fear from the Master of Horror</i>, which feature Whelan's illustrations, was published by St. Martin's Press. </p><p>Whelan has two children, including <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Price-Whelan" title="Adrian Price-Whelan">Adrian Price-Whelan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-solstice-bio_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solstice-bio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Whelan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MWHOFBLOCK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/MWHOFBLOCK.jpg/200px-MWHOFBLOCK.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/MWHOFBLOCK.jpg/300px-MWHOFBLOCK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/MWHOFBLOCK.jpg/400px-MWHOFBLOCK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="1207" /></a><figcaption> Michael Whelan commemorative block in the Science Fiction Hall of Fame</figcaption></figure> <p>Whelan's honors and awards include: </p> <ul><li>Fifteen Hugo Awards, including:<sup id="cite_ref-SFAwards_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFAwards-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Thirteen for Best Professional Artist (1980–1986, 1988–1989, 1991–1992, 2000, and 2002)</li> <li>One for Best Original Artwork for <i>The Summer Queen</i> (1992)</li> <li>One for Best Nonfiction Book (<i>Michael Whelan's Works of Wonder</i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Three <a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="World Fantasy Awards">World Fantasy Awards</a> for Best Artist (1981, 1982, &amp; 1983),<sup id="cite_ref-SFAwards_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFAwards-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>The readers of <i>Locus</i> magazine, the #1 professional and fan resource publication for the fantasy and science fiction genre, have awarded Whelan "Best Professional Artist" 31 times in their annual poll.<sup id="cite_ref-SFAwards_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFAwards-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Locus-awards_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Locus-awards-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Locus-awards-2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Locus-awards-2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Locus-awards-2016_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Locus-awards-2016-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Twelve <a href="/wiki/Chesley_Awards" title="Chesley Awards">Chesley Awards</a> from the Association of Science Fiction &amp; Fantasy Artists (ASFA)<sup id="cite_ref-SFAwards_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFAwards-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame, June 2009—the first living artist to have been inducted<sup id="cite_ref-sfhof2009_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfhof2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hof-whelan_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hof-whelan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hof-press-rel_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hof-press-rel-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Writers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America">Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America</a> Solstice Award in 2011 for "his significant impact on the science fiction and fantasy landscape"<sup id="cite_ref-sfwa-solstice_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfwa-solstice-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-solstice-bio_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solstice-bio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_art_collections">Published art collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Whelan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Published art collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Beyond Science Fiction: The Alternative Realism of Michael Whelan</i>, (2018) Baby Tattoo Books, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61404-018-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61404-018-7">978-1-61404-018-7</a></li> <li><i>Something in My Eye</i>, (1997) <a href="/wiki/Mark_V._Ziesing" title="Mark V. Ziesing">Mark V. Ziesing</a> (poster book), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929480-82-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-929480-82-1">0-929480-82-1</a></li> <li><i>The Art of Michael Whelan: Scenes/Visions</i>, (1993) <a href="/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam Books</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-07447-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-07447-4">0-553-07447-4</a></li> <li><i>Michael Whelan's Works of Wonder</i>, (1988) <a href="/wiki/Del_Rey_Books" title="Del Rey Books">Del Rey Books</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-32679-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-32679-2">0-345-32679-2</a></li> <li><i>Wonderworks: Science Fiction and Fantasy Art</i>, (1979) <a href="/wiki/The_Donning_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The Donning Company">Donning</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starblaze_Graphics" title="Starblaze Graphics">Starblaze</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-915442-74-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-915442-74-4">0-915442-74-4</a></li> <li><i>Infinite Worlds: The Fantastic Visions of Science Fiction Art</i> (1997) <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a>, Vincent Di Fate (author), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-87252-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-87252-7">978-0-670-87252-7</a></li> <li><i>The Biographical Dictionary of SF &amp; Fantasy Artists</i>, Robt. Weinberg, ed., 1988</li> <li><i>Sorcerers – A Collection of Fantasy Art</i> (1978), Bruce Jones and Armand Eisen editors, Catalog record for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/78-55600">Title</a> at the United States <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">Library of Congress</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged May 2015">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-27626-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-27626-1">978-0-345-27626-1</a></li> <li><i>Tomorrow And Beyond – Masterpieces of Science Fiction Ar</i>t (1978), edited by Ian Summers <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89480-055-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-89480-055-8">0-89480-055-8</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectrum:_The_Best_In_Contemporary_Fantastic_Art" title="Spectrum: The Best In Contemporary Fantastic Art">SPECTRUM – The Best in Contemporary Fantastic Art</a></i> (1994) Underwood Books, edited by Cathy and Arnie Fenner, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88733-188-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-88733-188-2">0-88733-188-2</a></li> <li><i>The Chesley Awards – A Retrospective</i> (2003), by John Grant and Elizabeth Humphrey, with Pamela D. Scoville <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904332-10-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-904332-10-2">1-904332-10-2</a></li> <li><i>The Frank Collection</i> (1999), Edited by Jane and Howard Frank, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85585-732-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85585-732-4">1-85585-732-4</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectrum:_The_Best_In_Contemporary_Fantastic_Art" title="Spectrum: The Best In Contemporary Fantastic Art">SPECTRUM 15 – The Best in Contemporary Fantastic Art</a></i> (2008) Underwood Books, edited by Cathy and Arnie Fenner, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59929-027-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59929-027-8">1-59929-027-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Whelan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n79036621">"Whelan, Michael, 1950-"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i>. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&amp;rft.atitle=Whelan%2C+Michael%2C+1950-&amp;rft.date=2024&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flccn.loc.gov%2Fn79036621&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Whelan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isfdb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isfdb_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isfdb_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isfdb_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isfdb_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?1804">Michael Whelan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a> (ISFDB). Retrieved April 8, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfhof2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sfhof2009_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sfhof2009_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090814011051/http://www.empsfm.org/press/index.asp?articleID=1386">"EMP"</a>. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=EMP&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.empsfm.org%2Fpress%2Findex.asp%3FarticleID%3D1386&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Whelan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> . Press release 2009(?). Experience Music Project and Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame (empsfm.org). Archived August 14, 2009. Retrieved 2013-03-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelwhelan.com/catalog/newsdetail.php?id=49">Press Release: Michael Named 2009 Inductee to SF Hall of Fame</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928182723/http://www.michaelwhelan.com/catalog/newsdetail.php?id=49">Archived</a> September 28, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2009-04-01). News &amp; Events. Michael Whelan. Retrieved 2011-07-25. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hof-whelan-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hof-whelan_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hof-whelan_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hof-whelan_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722084039/http://www.empmuseum.org/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=1380">"Michael Whelan biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Pop_Culture#Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Museum of Pop Culture">Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Michael+Whelan+biography&amp;rft.pub=Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy+Hall+of+Fame&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120722084039%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.empmuseum.org%2Fexhibitions%2Findex.asp%3FarticleID%3D1380&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Whelan" class="Z3988"></span>. Archived July 22, 2012. Retrieved 2013-03-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audiobookstoday.com/FtrLst.cfm?FtrCatCod=1&amp;Code=165">AudioBookCafe.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040220171823/http://www.audiobookstoday.com/FtrLst.cfm?FtrCatCod=1&amp;Code=165">Archived</a> February 20, 2004, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IASFM1978-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IASFM1978_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Michael Whelan", by Ginger Kaderabek, in <i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Science_Fiction_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Asimov&#39;s Science Fiction Magazine">Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine</a></i>; September/October 1978; p 30-34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-delos-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-delos_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-delos_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delos.fantascienza.com/ie/mwinter.html">An interview with Michael Whelan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041011235114/http://www.delos.fantascienza.com/ie/mwinter.html">Archived</a> October 11, 2004, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1997?). Maurizio Manzieri. Delos International. Address confirmed July 25, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelwhelan.com/catalog/faq.php?maincat=Illustration&amp;subcat=Early%20Years">FAQ: Illustration: Early Years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624164703/http://michaelwhelan.com/catalog/faq.php?maincat=Illustration&amp;subcat=Early%20Years">Archived</a> June 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Michael Whelan. Retrieved July 25, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFAwards-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFAwards_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFAwards_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFAwards_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFAwards_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFAwards_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/NomArt42.html#5567">"Whelan, Michael"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606090534/http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/NomArt42.html">Archived</a> June 6, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Locus Index to SF Awards: Index of Art Nominees</i>. <a href="/wiki/Locus_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Locus Publications">Locus Publications</a>. Retrieved July 25, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-in-conversation-1997-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-in-conversation-1997_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelwhelan.com/1997-interview/">"Michael Whelan in Conversation 1997"</a>. An interview with Michael Whelan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solstice-bio-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-solstice-bio_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solstice-bio_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelwhelan.com/biography/">"In-depth Biography"</a> 2008-present. Michael Whelan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Locus-awards-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Locus-awards_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelwhelan.com/locus-awards-2013/">"Locus Awards 2013"</a> News &amp; Events. Michael Whelan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Locus-awards-2014-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Locus-awards-2014_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/News/2014/06/2014-locus-awards-winners-2/">"2014 Locus Awards Winners"</a> <a href="/wiki/Locus_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Locus Publications">Locus Publications</a>. Retrieved June 28, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Locus-awards-2016-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Locus-awards-2016_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locusmag.com/News/2016/06/2016-locus-awards-winners/">"2016 Locus Awards Winners"</a> <a href="/wiki/Locus_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Locus Publications">Locus Publications</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hof-press-rel-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hof-press-rel_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelwhelan.com/sf-hall-fame/">"SF Hall of Fame"</a> News &amp; Events. Michael Whelan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfwa-solstice-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sfwa-solstice_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michaelwhelan.com/solstice-award/">"Solstice Award"</a> News &amp; Events. Michael Whelan.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Whelan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Demon_of_Scattery&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Demon of Scattery (page does not exist)">The Demon of Scattery</a></i> (1979) (by <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Downey_Broxon" title="Mildred Downey Broxon">Mildred Downey Broxon</a>, illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Austin" title="Alicia Austin">Alicia Austin</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li> <li><i>Locus</i>, "Michael Whelan: Breathing Space", January 1993.</li> <li><i>Infinite Worlds: The Fantastic Visions of Science Fiction Art</i>, Vincent Di Fate (author), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-87252-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-87252-7">978-0-670-87252-7</a></li> <li><i>The Biographical Dictionary of SF &amp; Fantasy Artists</i>, Robt. Weinberg, ed., 1988</li> <li>"Michael Whelan: Leap of Faith", by Karen Haber, <i>Realms of Fantasy</i> magazine, October 2001</li> <li><i>The Christian Science Monitor</i>, February 15, 1990</li> <li><i>ARTFORUM International Magazine</i>, September 1998 article, "Wonder Bred", by Bruce Wagner</li> <li><i>Starlog</i>, November 1985, "The 100 Most Important People in Science Fiction"</li> <li><i>Infinite Worlds: The Fantastic Visions of Science Fiction Art</i>, Vincent Di Fate (author), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-87252-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-87252-7">978-0-670-87252-7</a></li> <li><i>Chicago Sun-Times</i>, October 1993</li> <li><i>The Mammoth Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</i>, edited by George Mann, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-0887-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-0887-5">0-7867-0887-5</a></li> <li><i>The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</i>, 1978, consultant editor: Robert Holdstock</li> <li><i>The New Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</i> (1988), edited by James Gunn, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-81041-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-81041-X">0-670-81041-X</a></li> <li><i>The Frank Collection</i> (1999), edited by Jane and Howard Frank, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85585-732-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85585-732-4">1-85585-732-4</a></li> <li><i>The Chesley Awards: A Retrospective</i> (2003), by John Grant and Elizabeth Humphrey, with Pamela D. Scoville <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904332-10-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-904332-10-2">1-904332-10-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Whelan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkrip1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Skrip, Jack (June 1996). "The InQuest Q&amp;A: Michael Whelan". <i><a href="/wiki/InQuest_Gamer" title="InQuest Gamer">InQuest</a></i>. No.&#160;14. <a href="/wiki/Wizard_Entertainment" title="Wizard Entertainment">Wizard Entertainment</a>. pp.&#160;50–54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=InQuest&amp;rft.atitle=The+InQuest+Q%26A%3A+Michael+Whelan&amp;rft.issue=14&amp;rft.pages=50-54&amp;rft.date=1996-06&amp;rft.aulast=Skrip&amp;rft.aufirst=Jack&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Whelan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Whelan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Whelan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Michael Whelan">Michael Whelan</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelwhelan.com">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2197061#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theartofmichaelwhelan.substack.com">Substack</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/theartofmichaelwhelan/">Michael Whelan</a> on <a href="/wiki/Instagram_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instagram (identifier)">Instagram</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.threads.net/@theartofmichaelwhelan/">Michael Whelan</a> on <a href="/wiki/Threads_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Threads (identifier)">Threads</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/whelanmichael">Michael Whelan</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/michael.r.whelan.1">Michael Whelan</a> on <a href="/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook 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Hall of Fame</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Michael+Whelan+biography&amp;rft.pub=Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy+Hall+of+Fame&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120722084039%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.empmuseum.org%2Fexhibitions%2Findex.asp%3FarticleID%3D1380&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Whelan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inkpot_Award_(1990s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1990s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1990s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Inkpot_Award_1990s" title="Template talk:Inkpot Award 1990s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot_Award_1990s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot Award 1990s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inkpot_Award_(1990s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> (1990s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Berger" title="Karen Berger">Karen Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Burden" title="Bob Burden">Bob Burden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeFalco" title="Tom DeFalco">Tom DeFalco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gaines" title="William Gaines">William Gaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Lofficier" class="mw-redirect" title="Randy Lofficier">Randy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Lofficier" title="Jean-Marc Lofficier">Jean-Marc Lofficier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" title="Grant Morrison">Grant Morrison</a></li> <li>Bob Overstreet</li> <li>Mary Reynante</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Schreck" title="Bob Schreck">Bob Schreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Steacy" title="Ken Steacy">Ken Steacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Sternbach" title="Rick Sternbach">Rick Sternbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vess" title="Charles Vess">Charles Vess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Austin" title="Alicia Austin">Alicia Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Barker" title="Clive Barker">Clive Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Barry_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Barry (comics)">Dan Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_DeCarlo" title="Dan DeCarlo">Dan DeCarlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creig_Flessel" title="Creig Flessel">Creig Flessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Ted "Dr. Seuss" Geisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Giffen" title="Keith Giffen">Keith Giffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gladir" title="George Gladir">George Gladir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Haldeman" title="Joe Haldeman">Joe Haldeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Johnston" title="Lynn Johnston">Lynn Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Kalish" title="Carol Kalish">Carol Kalish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Maitz" title="Don Maitz">Don Maitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Moldoff" title="Sheldon Moldoff">Sheldon Moldoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Oliff" title="Steve Oliff">Steve Oliff</a></li> <li>Julie Roloff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Sakai" title="Stan Sakai">Stan Sakai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Carina Burns-Chenelle</li> <li>Bob Chapman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a></li> <li>Robin Doig</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Grant_(writer)" title="Alan Grant (writer)">Alan Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Griffith" title="Bill Griffith">Bill Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen" title="Ray Harryhausen">Ray Harryhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Hempel" title="Marc Hempel">Marc Hempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lee" title="Jim Lee">Jim Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Manara" title="Milo Manara">Milo Manara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_McCloud" title="Scott McCloud">Scott McCloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_McFarlane" title="Todd McFarlane">Todd McFarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowena_Morrill" title="Rowena Morrill">Rowena Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Noomin" title="Diane Noomin">Diane Noomin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Simonson" title="Louise Simonson">Louise Simonson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Sprang" title="Dick Sprang">Dick Sprang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Wheatley_(comics)" title="Mark Wheatley (comics)">Mark Wheatley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Aparo" title="Jim Aparo">Jim Aparo</a></li> <li>Gary Carter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Foglio" title="Phil Foglio">Phil Foglio</a></li> <li>Robert Goodwin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferd_Johnson" title="Ferd Johnson">Ferd Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Martin_(cartoonist)" title="Don Martin (cartoonist)">Don Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_McKean" title="Dave McKean">Dave McKean</a></li> <li>Clydene Nee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Norris" title="Paul Norris">Paul Norris</a></li> <li>Paul Power</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Craig_Russell" title="P. Craig Russell">P. Craig Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Schultz_(comics)" title="Mark Schultz (comics)">Mark Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vin_Sullivan" title="Vin Sullivan">Vincent Sullivan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Whelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Zelazny" title="Roger Zelazny">Roger Zelazny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Carlin" title="Mike Carlin">Mike Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Chadwick" title="Paul Chadwick">Paul Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Feldstein" title="Al Feldstein">Al Feldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Goldberg" title="Stan Goldberg">Stan Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Gregory" title="Roberta Gregory">Roberta Gregory</a></li> <li>Chad Grothkopf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Ordway" title="Jerry Ordway">Jerry Ordway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Bud Plant">Bud Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Richardson_(publisher)" title="Mike Richardson (publisher)">Mike Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Romita,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Romita, Jr.">John Romita, Jr.</a></li> <li>Richard Rowell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Shepard" title="Lucius Shepard">Lucius Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Spillane" title="Mickey Spillane">Mickey Spillane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Straczynski" title="J. Michael Straczynski">J. Michael Straczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumiko_Takahashi" title="Rumiko Takahashi">Rumiko Takahashi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hildebrandt" class="mw-redirect" title="Greg Hildebrandt">Greg Hildebrandt</a> (Brothers Hildebrandt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hildebrandt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Hildebrandt">Tim Hildebrandt</a> (Brothers Hildebrandt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryoichi_Ikegami" title="Ryoichi Ikegami">Ryoichi Ikegami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irv_Novick" title="Irv Novick">Irv Novick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sinnott" title="Joe Sinnott">Joe Sinnott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Barr" title="Donna Barr">Donna Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mort_Drucker" title="Mort Drucker">Mort Drucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Giella" title="Joe Giella">Joe Giella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mooney" title="Jim Mooney">Jim Mooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schaffenberger" title="Kurt Schaffenberger">Kurt Schaffenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Schuiten" title="François Schuiten">François Schuiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Siegel_(screenwriter)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Siegel (screenwriter)">David Siegel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Ayers" title="Dick Ayers">Dick Ayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bissette" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Bissette">Steve Bissette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Brooks" title="Terry Brooks">Terry Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Haney" title="Bob Haney">Bob Haney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Heath" title="Russ Heath">Russ Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Lay" title="Carol Lay">Carol Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a></li> <li>Janice Tobias</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tuska" title="George Tuska">George Tuska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Broome_(writer)" title="John Broome (writer)">John Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Campbell" title="Eddie Campbell">Eddie Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Cardy" title="Nick Cardy">Nick Cardy</a></li> <li>David Glanzer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Guardineer" title="Fred Guardineer">Fred Guardineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Mattotti" title="Lorenzo Mattotti">Lorenzo Mattotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S._Newman" title="Paul S. Newman">Paul S. Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Severin" title="John Severin">John Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naoko_Takeuchi" title="Naoko Takeuchi">Naoko Takeuchi</a></li> <li>Mark Yturralde</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Batiuk" title="Tom Batiuk">Tom Batiuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Cuidera" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuck Cuidera">Chuck Cuidera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Drake" title="Arnold Drake">Arnold Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Glanzman" title="Sam Glanzman">Sam Glanzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Gonick" title="Larry Gonick">Larry Gonick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Hasen" title="Irwin Hasen">Irwin Hasen</a></li> <li>Sue Lord</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1990s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2000s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2010s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Fantasy_Award—Artist" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Fantasy_Award_Best_Artist" title="Template:World Fantasy Award Best Artist"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Fantasy_Award_Best_Artist" title="Template talk:World Fantasy Award Best Artist"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Fantasy_Award_Best_Artist" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Fantasy Award Best Artist"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Fantasy_Award—Artist" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award" title="World Fantasy Award">World Fantasy Award</a>—<a href="/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award%E2%80%94Artist" title="World Fantasy Award—Artist">Artist</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Brown_Coye" title="Lee Brown Coye">Lee Brown Coye</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Frazetta" title="Frank Frazetta">Frank Frazetta</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Dean_(artist)" title="Roger Dean (artist)">Roger Dean</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Brown_Coye" title="Lee Brown Coye">Lee Brown Coye</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Austin" title="Alicia Austin">Alicia Austin</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Enzenbacher&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Enzenbacher (page does not exist)">Dale Enzenbacher</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Maitz" title="Don Maitz">Don Maitz</a> (1980)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Whelan</a> (1981)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Whelan</a> (1982)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Whelan</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Gervais&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Gervais (page does not exist)">Stephen Gervais</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gorey" title="Edward Gorey">Edward Gorey</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Catherine_Jones" title="Jeffrey Catherine Jones">Jeff Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Canty" title="Thomas Canty">Thomas Canty</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Gould_(artist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Gould (artist) (page does not exist)">Robert Gould</a> (1987)</li> <li>J. K. Potter (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gorey" title="Edward Gorey">Edward Gorey</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Canty" title="Thomas Canty">Thomas Canty</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_McKean" title="Dave McKean">Dave McKean</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Hildebrandt" title="Brothers Hildebrandt">Tim Hildebrandt</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gurney" title="James Gurney">James Gurney</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_M._Clark" title="Alan M. Clark">Alan M. Clark</a> / J. K. Potter (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacek_Yerka" title="Jacek Yerka">Jacek Yerka</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gahan_Wilson" title="Gahan Wilson">Gahan Wilson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Giraud" title="Jean Giraud">Mœbius (Jean Giraud)</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vess" title="Charles Vess">Charles Vess</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Van_Hollander" title="Jason Van Hollander">Jason Van Hollander</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Tan" title="Shaun Tan">Shaun Tan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_Koszowski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Allen Koszowski (page does not exist)">Allen Koszowski</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kidd_(illustrator)" title="Thomas Kidd (illustrator)">Thomas Kidd</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_Giancola" title="Donato Giancola">Donato Giancola</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jason_Van_Hollander" title="Jason Van Hollander">Jason Van Hollander</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Picacio" title="John Picacio">John Picacio</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jean" title="James Jean">James Jean</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Tan" title="Shaun Tan">Shaun Tan</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Edwards" title="Les Edwards">Les Edwards</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Tan" title="Shaun Tan">Shaun Tan</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vess" title="Charles Vess">Charles Vess</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinuko_Y._Craft" title="Kinuko Y. Craft">Kinuko Y. Craft</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coulthart" title="John Coulthart">John Coulthart</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Chong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Chong (page does not exist)">Vincent Chong</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vess" title="Charles Vess">Charles Vess</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Araya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Araya (page does not exist)">Samuel Araya</a> (2015)</li> <li>Galen Dara (2016)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_Alan_Love&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey Alan Love (page does not exist)">Jeffrey Alan Love</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Manchess" title="Gregory Manchess">Gregory Manchess</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovina_Cai" title="Rovina Cai">Rovina Cai</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_Jennings_(artist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathleen Jennings (artist) (page does not exist)">Kathleen Jennings</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovina_Cai" title="Rovina Cai">Rovina Cai</a> (2021)</li> <li>Tran Nguyen (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2197061#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2197061#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2197061#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119323095">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79036621">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14622932r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14622932r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35908151">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=xx0204381&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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