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href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各派學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各派學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>各派學說</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各派學說-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各派學說子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各派學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-說一切有部與俱舍論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#說一切有部與俱舍論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>說一切有部與俱舍論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-說一切有部與俱舍論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-般若經與中觀學派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#般若經與中觀學派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>般若經與中觀學派</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-般若經與中觀學派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-如來藏學派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#如來藏學派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>如來藏學派</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-如來藏學派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">自性 (佛教)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。10种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC" title="স্বভাব – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বভাব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svabhava" title="Svabhava – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Svabhava" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svabhava" title="Svabhava – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Svabhava" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svabh%C4%81va" title="Svabhāva – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Svabhāva" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="स्वभाव – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वभाव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7" title="自性 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自性" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%84%B1_(%EB%B6%88%EA%B5%90)" title="자성 (불교) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자성 (불교)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svabh%C4%81va" title="Svabhāva – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Svabhāva" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Свабхава – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свабхава" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Свабгава – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Свабгава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q622629#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div 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class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p>在印度諸宗教中，<b>自性</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="梵語">梵語</a>：<span lang="sa">स्वभाव</span>，<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">svabhāva</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="巴利語">巴利語</a>：<span lang="pi"><span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">sabhāva</span></span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">藏語</a>：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64579233">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","BabelStone Tibetan Slim",Jomolhari,"Yagpo Tibetan Uni","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Serif Tibetan","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">རང་བཞིན</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="威利转写">威利转写</a>：<span class="Unicode">rang-bzhin</span>），舊譯<b>自然</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，又稱<b>自體</b>、<b>法體</b>、<b>體</b>、<b>實性</b>，是個哲學術語，指所有事物（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="法 (佛教)">法</a>）自身擁有、自體形成、自身決定存在形態的性質，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="常 (佛教)">常住</a>的、不變的、獨立，不依緣起而變化的；其外在特徵，則為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%9B%B8_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="自相 (佛教)">自相</a>。這個概念在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%BA%8C%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="不二論">不二論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%98%E6%BF%95%E5%A5%B4%E6%B4%BE" title="毘濕奴派">毘濕奴派</a>中是個重要的課題。佛教也接受了這個概念，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派佛教</a>時期發展出自己的論述。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a>中，也是很重要的理論之一。對於法體和時間的關係，以及法體是真實有或<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="假名 (佛教)">假名</a>有，各派發展出不同的見解。 </p><p>在佛教文獻中，它與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="本性 (佛教)">本性</a>（prakṛti）或<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="我 (佛教)">我</a>（ātman）經常被視為同義詞<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但自性的起源較晚，直到<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派佛教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%97%8F" title="論藏">論藏</a>中才使用這個術語。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概論"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.AB.96"></span>概論</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="梵語">梵語</a>：<span lang="sa">svabhāva</span>，由<span lang="sa">स्व</span>（sav-，自己的）與bhāva（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="有 (佛教)">有</a>）所組成<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，這個術語源自古印度哲學，原指<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="法 (佛教)">法</a>（dharma）存有自身的性質。與古希臘<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="形而上學">形而上學</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%94" title="本體">本體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%B4%A8" title="本质">本質</a>、實體，及康德哲學中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%87%AA%E8%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="物自身">物自身</a>（德語：<span lang="de">das Ding an sich</span>）的意義接近。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a>將諸法自性劃分為兩種：地之堅性、水之濕性等事相特徵，稱為「事法性」（或世俗自性）；諸法平等之<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="真如 (佛教)">真如</a>實性，稱為「理法性」或「實法性」（或勝義自性）<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。勝義自性被視作與<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="真如 (佛教)">真如</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7" title="法性">法性</a>（實法性）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%9A%9B_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="實際 (佛教)">實際</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%95%8C" title="法界">法界</a>（清淨法界）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="空 (佛教)">空</a>等詞同義，唯有覺悟聖者才能了知。所謂「自性本自清淨」、「自性本不生滅」之類，指的都是勝義自性。說一切有部<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%98%E9%81%94%E7%A3%A8" title="阿毘達磨">阿毘達磨</a>中，對世間事物界定出來的種種諸法，則被大乘佛教稱為「事法性」（世俗自性）。世俗自性是隨<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A3%E8%B5%B7" title="緣起">緣起</a>變化的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%82%BA%E6%B3%95" title="有為法">有為法</a>，大乘佛教稱為自性<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="空 (佛教)">空</a>、無自性。 </p><p>大乘佛教的不同學派中，對勝義自性的性質為何，見解不一。對於「勝義自性」和「萬法」的關係，不同學派也有不同的觀點和闡述方式。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各派學說"><span id=".E5.90.84.E6.B4.BE.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>各派學說</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：各派學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="說一切有部與俱舍論"><span id=".E8.AA.AA.E4.B8.80.E5.88.87.E6.9C.89.E9.83.A8.E8.88.87.E4.BF.B1.E8.88.8D.E8.AB.96"></span>說一切有部與俱舍論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：說一切有部與俱舍論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E4%B8%80%E5%88%87%E6%9C%89%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="說一切有部">說一切有部</a>主張，三世實有，法體恆存<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。意思是：有為法的「法體」，在有為法的過去位、現在位和未來位都存在，法體永恆存在<sup id="cite_ref-陳世賢_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳世賢-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。說一切有部用「法體恆存，法性變異」來解釋「<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%B8%B8_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="无常 (佛教)">無常</a>」，指「<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%82%BA%E6%B3%95" title="有為法">有為法</a>行於世時，不捨自體，隨緣起用」。有部主張法體（svabhāva）雖三世恆有，其性（bhāva）變異的緣故，所以符合無常之理。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%B1%E8%88%8D%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="俱舍论">俱舍論</a>在法體論上，支持<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%87%8F%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="經量部">經量部</a>現在實有，過未無體的主張。意思是：法體只在現在一<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8E%E9%82%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="剎那">剎那</a>中存在，有為法的未來位和過去位都沒有法體<sup id="cite_ref-陳世賢_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳世賢-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。俱舍論批評有部的「法體恆存，法性變異」說，認為其性、體無別，不符合無常之理。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="般若經與中觀學派"><span id=".E8.88.AC.E8.8B.A5.E7.B6.93.E8.88.87.E4.B8.AD.E8.A7.80.E5.AD.B8.E6.B4.BE"></span>般若經與中觀學派</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：般若經與中觀學派"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>公元前1世紀<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E7%BB%8F" title="般若经">般若經</a>文獻中已言諸法無自性、諸法空，甚至如《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E8%9C%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%B6%93" title="般若波羅蜜多心經">般若波羅蜜多心經</a>》中的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%95%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="五蕴">五蘊</a>皆空性。 </p><p>公元2世紀<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%A7%80%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="中觀學派">中觀學派</a>的祖師<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a>，上承<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="般若">般若</a>思想傳統，繼續發揚無自性的空義。他認為般若文獻的空只是對宇宙與人生的深刻觀察，但並未提出嚴密論證去證立空的本性，因而只有空的思想，而沒有空的哲學及空的理論。 </p><p>龍樹以論證來說明般若經的「空」。在《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="中論">中論</a>》中，龍樹並不是正面證明事物的自性空。相反，他採用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%AD%89%E6%B3%95" title="反證法">反證法</a>，先假設事物有自性，分別從四方面（因果關係<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、同一性與別異性<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、運動與時間<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、作用者與對象<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）去導出種種矛盾（亦即事物之自性，將會破壞<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E9%96%93%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="世間法">世間法</a>），去反證事物不擁有自性。 </p><p>按<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a>的主張，一切法的自體是空的，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E8%AB%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="世俗諦">世俗諦</a>中三世之法體如幻而有，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9D%E7%BE%A9%E8%AB%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="勝義諦">勝義諦</a>中三世之法體畢竟為空<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。說一切有部的勝義諦中，法體於三世為實有、恆存，其世俗諦則是指一般人對世俗事物的認識。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="如來藏學派"><span id=".E5.A6.82.E4.BE.86.E8.97.8F.E5.AD.B8.E6.B4.BE"></span>如來藏學派</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：如來藏學派"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考條目"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>參考條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參考條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="空性">空性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%AB%94%E6%9C%AC%E8%B3%AA%E8%AB%96" title="分體本質論">分體本質論</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>『空の論理中観〈仏教の思想3〉』 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%B6%E5%B1%B1%E9%9B%84%E4%B8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梶山雄一（页面不存在）">梶山雄一</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%B1%B1%E6%98%A5%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上山春平（页面不存在）">上山春平</a>共著、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%B7%9D%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97" title="角川書店">角川書店</a>（全10巻）、初版1969年</li> <li>Richard H. Robinson, "Some Logical Aspects of Nagarjuna's System." Philosophy East and West, Jan. 1957, pp. 291-308</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">黃國清. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chibs.edu.tw/ch_html/chbs/05/chbs0505.htm">竺法護譯《正法華經》「自然」譯詞析論</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240809231025/https://www.chibs.edu.tw/ch_html/chbs/05/chbs0505.htm">存档</a>于2024-08-09）. <q>許多不同的梵文詞語如“svabhāva”（自性）、“prakṛti”（本性）、“nirvāṇa”（涅槃）、“svalakṣaṇa”（自相）、“asaṁbhūta”（無生）等，竺法護都譯為「自然」，僅透過漢譯本的文句必然無法對其意義作正確的解讀……第1、2、3、4、9例對應的梵文都是“svabhava”（自性），其中1、2、4例羅什譯作「實相」，指法的真正本質，若依《般若經》，「諸法自性」就是「無為法性」。第3例羅什譯為「（如是）性」，是指一一法的自體，《法華經論》即譯為「體」。第9例“svabhāva-dharma-samanvāgatāś ca te sattvā veditavyaḥ”，照字面翻譯是「應知這些眾生是具足自性法者」，羅什譯作「是人心意質直」，是帶解釋性的譯法。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7+%28%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%29&rft.atitle=%E7%AB%BA%E6%B3%95%E8%AD%B7%E8%AD%AF%E3%80%8A%E6%AD%A3%E6%B3%95%E8%8F%AF%E7%B6%93%E3%80%8B%E3%80%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E3%80%8D%E8%AD%AF%E8%A9%9E%E6%9E%90%E8%AB%96&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E5%9C%8B%E6%B8%85&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chibs.edu.tw%2Fch_html%2Fchbs%2F05%2Fchbs0505.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">蔡振豐. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinese.ncku.edu.tw/var/file/142/1142/img/1450/2601.pdf">魏晉玄學中的「自然」義</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240726235625/https://chinese.ncku.edu.tw/var/file/142/1142/img/1450/2601.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2024-07-26）. <q>由「自然」與「真性」、「實相」之不同翻譯，可知「自然」可同時作為「自性（svabhāva）」、「無自性（asvabhāva）」或「真如（tathatā）」的意思，這是由於「自性」的意義可分為二類……上文所舉《正法華經》所譯的「自然」，鳩摩羅什有改作「實相」「（如是）性」者，此乃著眼於「自性」一詞有時指為「世俗自性」，有時指為「勝義自性」或「無為法性」之故。「自然」之譯同時指為「世俗自性」與「勝義自性」……然而「自然」作為「自性」與「勝義自性」之譯名，難免引起誤解，故鳩摩羅什將舊譯「自然」之「勝義自性」改譯為「真性」。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7+%28%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%29&rft.au=%E8%94%A1%E6%8C%AF%E8%B1%90&rft.btitle=%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E7%8E%84%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E3%80%8D%E7%BE%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinese.ncku.edu.tw%2Fvar%2Ffile%2F142%2F1142%2Fimg%2F1450%2F2601.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《大毘婆沙論》卷76：「如說自性，我、物、自體、相、分、本性，應知亦爾。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9E%BF%E6%9B%87%E7%95%99%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="瞿曇留支">瞿曇留支</a>譯<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B9%E8%BC%B8%E7%9B%A7%E8%BF%A6%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="壹輸盧迦論（页面不存在）">壹輸盧迦論</a>》：「凡諸法，體、性、法、物、事、有，名異義同。是故，或言體，或言性，或言法，或言有，或言物，莫不皆是有之差別。正音云私婆婆，或譯為自體體，或譯為無法有法，或譯為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無自性性（页面不存在）">無自性性</a>。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%99%BA%E5%BA%A6%E8%AB%96" title="大智度論">大智度論</a>》：「諸法如，有二種：一者、各各相，二者、實相。各各相者，如地，堅相；水，濕相；火，熱相；風，動相，如是等分別諸法，各自有相。實相者，於各各相中分別，求實不可得，不可破，無諸過失。……是法性亦有二種：一者、用無著心分別諸法，各自有性故；二者、名無量法，所謂諸法實相。……自法，名諸法自性。自性有二種：一者、如世間法，地堅性等。二者、聖人知<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="真如 (佛教)">如</a>、法性、實際。」<br /> 《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E5%9C%B0%E6%8C%81%E7%B6%93" title="菩薩地持經">菩薩地持經</a>》：「云何真實義，略說二種：一者、實法性；二者、一切事法性。此二法性以種分別，復有四種：一者、世間所知；二者、學所知；三者、煩惱障淨智所行處法；四者、智障淨智所行處法。」（《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E7%BE%A9%E7%AB%A0" title="大乘義章">大乘義章</a>》：「言法性者，論釋有二。一、事法性，謂地堅性水濕性等。故論說言：用無著心分別諸法，各各自性，名事法性。二、實法性，諸法實相，名實法性。此二法性，與地持同。」）<br /> 《<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E5%B8%AB%E5%9C%B0%E8%AB%96" title="瑜伽師地論">瑜伽師地論</a>·菩薩地》：「云何真實義，謂略有二種：一者、依如所有性，諸法真實性；二者、依盡所有性，諸法一切性。如是諸法，真實性（bhūtatā）、一切性（sarvatā），應知總名真實義。此真實義品類差別，復有四種：一者、世間極成真實性；二者、道理極成真實性；三者、煩惱障淨智所行真實；四者、所知障淨智所行真實。」（《瑜伽論記》：「諸法真實性者，即是二空所顯真如，即是諸法本性，故云如所有性，諸法真實性也，後辨四真實中開為二，後二障淨智，所行真實是。言盡所有性，諸法一切性者，即是因緣所生世諦事法，其後四中，開為前二，即世間道理，極成真實也。」）<br /> 《止觀輔行搜要記》：「真諦是理，名理法性。俗諦是事，名事法性。二並法性，故俱稱諦。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">印順. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yinshun-edu.org.tw/archived/dynamicdata/flash/handout/CourseB/htmlDIY/Cb_L3_U7.html">空之探究－七自性空與無自性空</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512090007/https://www.yinshun-edu.org.tw/archived/dynamicdata/flash/handout/CourseB/htmlDIY/Cb_L3_U7.html">存档</a>于2024-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7+%28%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%29&rft.au=%E5%8D%B0%E9%A0%86&rft.btitle=%E7%A9%BA%E4%B9%8B%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%B6%EF%BC%8D%E4%B8%83+%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%87%E7%84%A1%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7%E7%A9%BA&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yinshun-edu.org.tw%2Farchived%2Fdynamicdata%2Fflash%2Fhandout%2FCourseB%2FhtmlDIY%2FCb_L3_U7.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《大毘婆沙論》卷21：「諸法實體，恒無轉變，非因果性故。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《大毘婆沙論》卷76：「三世諸法，因性果性，隨其所應，次第安立。體實恆有，無增無減，但依作用說有說無。諸積聚事，依實有物，假施設有『時有時無』。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-陳世賢-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-陳世賢_9-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-陳世賢_9-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">陳世賢. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11296/2z456a">「法體」與「時間」關係之研究----以《俱舍論》與《順正理論》對「三世實有」之論辯為主</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7+%28%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%29&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E4%B8%96%E8%B3%A2&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E6%B3%95%E9%AB%94%E3%80%8D%E8%88%87%E3%80%8C%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E3%80%8D%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E4%B9%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6----%E4%BB%A5%E3%80%8A%E4%BF%B1%E8%88%8D%E8%AB%96%E3%80%8B%E8%88%87%E3%80%8A%E9%A0%86%E6%AD%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E3%80%8B%E5%B0%8D%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E5%AF%A6%E6%9C%89%E3%80%8D%E4%B9%8B%E8%AB%96%E8%BE%AF%E7%82%BA%E4%B8%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F11296%2F2z456a&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="中論">中論</a>》(章:偈頌) (1:3) 果為從緣生？為從非緣生？是緣為有果？是緣為無果？ (1:4) 因是法生果，是法名為緣。若是果未生，何不名非緣？ (1:5) 果先於緣中，有無俱不可。先無為誰緣？先有何用緣？ (1:6) 若果非有生，亦復非無生，亦非有無生，何得言有緣？ (1:10) 略廣因緣中，求果不可得．因緣中若無，云何從緣出？ (1:11)若謂緣無果，而從緣中出；是果何不從，非緣中而出？</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="中論">中論</a>》(章:偈頌) (1:1) 諸法不自生，亦不從他生，不共不無因，是故知無生。 (18:8) 一切實非實，亦實亦非實，非實非非實，是名諸佛法。 (20:19) 因果是一者，是事終不然。因果若異者，是事亦不然。 (20:20) 若因果是一，生及所生一。若因果是異，因則同非因。 (20:21) 若果定有性，因為何所生？若果定無性，因為何所生？</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="中論">中論</a>》第2章第1偈頌至第9偈頌，第18偈頌至23偈頌。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="中論">中論</a>》(章:偈頌) (10:1) 若燃是可燃，作作者則一。若燃異可燃，離可燃有燃。 (10:2) 如是常應燃，不因可燃生。則無燃火功，亦名無作火。 (10:3) 燃不待可燃，則不從緣生；火若常燃者，人功則應空。 (7:10) 燈中自無闇，住處亦無闇；破闇乃名照，無闇則無照。 (7:11) 云何燈生時，而能破於闇？此燈初生時，不能及於闇。 (7:12) 燈若未及闇，而能破闇者，燈在於此間，則破一切闇。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.budaedu.org/newGhosa/C038/T038U/ref/T038U_32.pdf">中觀論頌講記</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130805141256/http://www2.budaedu.org/newGhosa/C038/T038U/ref/T038U_32.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2013-08-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7+%28%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%29&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%A7%80%E8%AB%96%E9%A0%8C%E8%AC%9B%E8%A8%98&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.budaedu.org%2FnewGhosa%2FC038%2FT038U%2Fref%2FT038U_32.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">釋印順. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-NX027/new2_1.htm">《大智度論》之作者及其翻譯</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707122758/https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-NX027/new2_1.htm">存档</a>于2024-07-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7+%28%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%29&rft.au=%E9%87%8B%E5%8D%B0%E9%A0%86&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%A4%A7%E6%99%BA%E5%BA%A6%E8%AB%96%E3%80%8B%E4%B9%8B%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw%2FFULLTEXT%2FJR-NX027%2Fnew2_1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">釋惠敏. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chibs.edu.tw/ch_html/chbj/17/chbj1702.htm">印順導師之部派佛教思想論（I） ──三世有與現在有</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7+%28%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%29&rft.au=%E9%87%8B%E6%83%A0%E6%95%8F&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%B0%E9%A0%86%E5%B0%8E%E5%B8%AB%E4%B9%8B%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E8%AB%96%EF%BC%88I%EF%BC%89+%E2%94%80%E2%94%80%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E6%9C%89%E8%88%87%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%E6%9C%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chibs.edu.tw%2Fch_html%2Fchbj%2F17%2Fchbj1702.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%80%A7_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" 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