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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Severed head</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Severed_head-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Santería" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Santería"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Santería</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Santería-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biographical_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographical_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Biographical sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographical_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sanctuaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sanctuaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Main sanctuaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_sanctuaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_editions_and_English_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_editions_and_English_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Modern editions and English translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_editions_and_English_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catherine of Siena</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="كاترينا من سيينا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاترينا من سيينا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalina_de_Siena" title="Catalina de Siena – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Catalina de Siena" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterina_da_Siena" title="Caterina da Siena – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Caterina da Siena" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Кацярына Сіенская – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кацярына Сіенская" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Катерина Сиенска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Катерина Сиенска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katelin_Siena" title="Katelin Siena – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Katelin Siena" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterina_de_Siena" title="Caterina de Siena – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caterina de Siena" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%C5%99ina_Siensk%C3%A1" title="Kateřina Sienská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kateřina Sienská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharina_von_Siena" title="Katharina von Siena – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katharina von Siena" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siena_Katariina" title="Siena Katariina – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Siena Katariina" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Αικατερίνη της Σιένα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αικατερίνη της Σιένα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalina_de_Siena" title="Catalina de Siena – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catalina de Siena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_de_Sieno" title="Katarina de Sieno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katarina de Sieno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalina_Sienakoa" title="Katalina Sienakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Katalina Sienakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کاترینای سیه‌نا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاترینای سیه‌نا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_de_Sienne" title="Catherine de Sienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catherine de Sienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_Caitr%C3%ADona_Siena" title="Naomh Caitríona Siena – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Naomh Caitríona Siena" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catarina_de_Siena" title="Catarina de Siena – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Catarina de Siena" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EB%82%98_%EB%8B%A4_%EC%8B%9C%EC%97%90%EB%82%98" title="카테리나 다 시에나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카테리나 다 시에나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_Sijenska" title="Katarina Sijenska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katarina Sijenska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_dari_Siena" title="Katarina dari Siena – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katarina dari Siena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterina_da_Siena" title="Caterina da Siena – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caterina da Siena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="קתרינה מסיינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קתרינה מסיינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_saking_Siena" title="Katarina saking Siena – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Katarina saking Siena" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კატერინა სიენელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კატერინა სიენელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katerina_wa_Siena" title="Katerina wa Siena – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Katerina wa Siena" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharina_Senensis" title="Catharina Senensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Catharina Senensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_vu_Siena" title="Catherine vu Siena – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Catherine vu Siena" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szi%C3%A9nai_Szent_Katalin" title="Sziénai Szent Katalin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sziénai Szent Katalin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8" title="സിയെനായിലെ കത്രീന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിയെനായിലെ കത്രീന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Katerina_ta%27_Siena" title="Santa Katerina ta' Siena – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Santa Katerina ta' Siena" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="كاترينا من سيينا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاترينا من سيينا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharina_van_Siena" title="Catharina van Siena – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Catharina van Siena" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8A%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8A" title="シエナのカタリナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シエナのカタリナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_av_Siena" title="Katarina av Siena – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Katarina av Siena" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_av_Siena" title="Katarina av Siena – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Katarina av Siena" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="د سيانا کاترين – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د سيانا کاترين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catlin-a_%C3%ABd_Sien-a" title="Catlin-a ëd Sien-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Catlin-a ëd Sien-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarzyna_ze_Sieny" title="Katarzyna ze Sieny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katarzyna ze Sieny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catarina_de_Siena" title="Catarina de Siena – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catarina de Siena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecaterina_de_Siena" title="Ecaterina de Siena – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecaterina de Siena" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterina_da_Siena" title="Caterina da Siena – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Caterina da Siena" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Екатерина Сиенская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Екатерина Сиенская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caderina_de_Siena" title="Caderina de Siena – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Caderina de Siena" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_o_Siena" title="Catherine o Siena – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Catherine o Siena" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katrina_e_Sien%C3%ABs" title="Katrina e Sienës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Katrina e Sienës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Catarina_di_Siena" title="Santa Catarina di Siena – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Santa Catarina di Siena" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Catherine of Siena" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katar%C3%ADna_Siensk%C3%A1" title="Katarína Sienská – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Katarína Sienská" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_Sienska" title="Katarina Sienska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Katarina Sienska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Катарина Сијенска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Катарина Сијенска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_Sijenska" title="Katarina Sijenska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Katarina Sijenska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katariina_Sienalainen" title="Katariina Sienalainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katariina Sienalainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_av_Siena" title="Katarina av Siena – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katarina av Siena" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalina_ng_Siena" title="Catalina ng Siena – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Catalina ng Siena" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சியன்னா நகர கத்ரீன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சியன்னா நகர கத்ரீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="กาเตรีนาแห่งซีเอนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กาเตรีนาแห่งซีเอนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienal%C4%B1_Katerina" title="Sienalı Katerina – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sienalı Katerina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Катерина Сієнська – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Катерина Сієнська" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Catina_da_Siena" title="Santa Catina da Siena – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Santa Catina da Siena" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catarina_th%C3%A0nh_Siena" title="Catarina thành Siena – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Catarina thành Siena" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%BA%B3" title="圣加大利纳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣加大利纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B4%8D" title="聖加大利納 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖加大利納" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q229190#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Catherine of Siena</div><br /><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">TOSD</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_096.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_096.jpg/220px-Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_096.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_096.jpg/330px-Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_096.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_096.jpg/440px-Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_096.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1221" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>St. Catherine of Siena</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo" title="Giovanni Battista Tiepolo">Giovanni Battista Tiepolo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Caterina di Jacopo di Benincasa<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1347-03-25</span>)</span>25 March 1347<br /><a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Republic of Siena</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 April 1380<span style="display:none">(1380-04-29)</span> (aged 33)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beatified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29 December 1460</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29 April 1461 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_II" title="Pope Pius II">Pope Pius II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and the Sanctuary of Saint Catherine, <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29 April; 30 April (Roman Calendar, 1628–1969); 4 October (<a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saint_Catherine" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of Saint Catherine">in Italy</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">habit of a <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Dominican tertiary</a>, ring, <a href="/wiki/Lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Lily">lily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherubim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherubim">cherubim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_thorns" title="Crown of thorns">crown of thorns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stigmata" title="Stigmata">stigmata</a>, crucifix, book, heart, skull, dove, rose, miniature church, miniature ship bearing <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry" title="Ecclesiastical heraldry">papal coat of arms</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">against fire; bodily ills; people ridiculed for their piety; nurses; sick people; miscarriages; Europe; Italy; Diocese of Allentown, Pennsylvania, U.S.; <a href="/wiki/Bambang,_Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya">Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya</a>, Philippines; <a href="/wiki/Samal,_Bataan" title="Samal, Bataan">Samal, Bataan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Caterina di Jacopo di Benincasa</b>, TOSD (25 March 1347 – 29 April 1380), known as <b>Catherine of Siena</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Caterina da Siena</i>), was an <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Italy" title="Catholic Church in Italy">Italian Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystic</a> and pious laywoman who engaged in papal and Italian politics through extensive letter-writing and advocacy. Canonized in 1461, she is revered as a saint and as a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a> due to her extensive theological authorship. She is also considered to have influenced <a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Italian literature</a>. </p><p>Born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, Catherine wanted from an early age to devote herself to God, which was against the will of her parents. She joined the "<a href="/wiki/Mantellate_Sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantellate Sisters">mantellates</a>", a group of pious women, primarily widows, informally devoted to <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> spirituality; later these types of urban pious groups would be formalized as the Third Order of the Dominicans, but not until after Catherine's death.<sup id="cite_ref-cloisteringcatherine_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cloisteringcatherine-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She dictated to secretaries her set of spiritual treatises, <i>The Dialogue of Divine Providence</i>. </p><p>Her influence on <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XI" title="Pope Gregory XI">Pope Gregory XI</a> played a role in his 1376 decision to leave <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> for <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. The Pope then sent Catherine to <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Eight_Saints" title="War of the Eight Saints">negotiate peace</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Florentine_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Florentine Republic">Florentine Republic</a>. After Gregory XI's death (March 1378) and the conclusion of peace (July 1378), she returned to Siena. The <a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Great Schism of the West</a> led Catherine of Siena to go to Rome with the pope. She sent numerous letters to princes and cardinals to promote obedience to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VI" title="Pope Urban VI">Pope Urban VI</a> and to defend what she calls the "vessel of the Church". She died on 29 April 1380, exhausted by her rigorous fasting. Urban VI celebrated her funeral and burial in the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a> in Rome. </p><p>Devotion to Catherine of Siena developed rapidly after her death. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_II" title="Pope Pius II">Pope Pius II</a> canonized her in 1461; she was declared a <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Rome in 1866 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a>, and of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (together with <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a>) in 1939 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vatican4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vatican1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vatican2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vatican3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the second woman to be declared a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a>, on 4 October 1970 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> – only days after <a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a>. In 1999 <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> proclaimed her a <a href="/wiki/Patron_Saint_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron Saint of Europe">Patron Saint of Europe</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:House_Catherine_Siena_Apr_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/House_Catherine_Siena_Apr_2008.jpg/220px-House_Catherine_Siena_Apr_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/House_Catherine_Siena_Apr_2008.jpg/330px-House_Catherine_Siena_Apr_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/House_Catherine_Siena_Apr_2008.jpg/440px-House_Catherine_Siena_Apr_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3392" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption>The house of Saint Catherine in <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Caterina di Jacopo di Benincasa was born on 25 March 1347 (shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> ravaged Europe) in <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Republic of Siena</a> (today <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>), to Lapa Piagenti, the daughter of a local poet, and Jacopo di Benincasa, a cloth dyer who ran his enterprise with the help of his sons.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The house where Catherine grew up still exists. </p><p>Lapa was about 40 years old when she gave birth prematurely to her 23rd and 24th children, twin daughters, named Catherine and Giovanna. After birth, Giovanna was handed over to a <a href="/wiki/Wet_nurse" title="Wet nurse">wet nurse</a> and died soon after. Catherine was nursed by her mother and developed into a healthy child. She was two years old when Lapa had her 25th child, another daughter named Giovanna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkårderud2008411_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkårderud2008411-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a child, Catherine was so merry that the family gave her the pet name of "Euphrosyne", which is Greek for "joy", and the name of an <a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne_of_Alexandria" title="Euphrosyne of Alexandria">Euphrosyne of Alexandria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-crawley_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crawley-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catherine is said by her confessor and biographer <a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Capua" title="Raymond of Capua">Raymond of Capua</a>'s <i>Life</i> to have had her first vision of Christ when she was five or six years old: she and a brother were on the way home from visiting a married sister when she is said to have experienced a vision of <a href="/wiki/Christ_in_Majesty" title="Christ in Majesty">Christ seated in glory</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a>. Raymond continues that at age seven, Catherine vowed to give her whole life to God.<sup id="cite_ref-crawley_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crawley-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Catherine was 16, her older sister Bonaventura <a href="/wiki/Death_in_childbirth" class="mw-redirect" title="Death in childbirth">died in childbirth</a>; already anguished by this, Catherine soon learned that her parents wanted her to marry Bonaventura's widower. She was absolutely opposed and started a strict fast. She had learned this from Bonaventura, whose husband had been far from considerate, but his wife had changed his attitude by refusing to eat until he showed better manners. Besides fasting, Catherine further disappointed her mother by cutting off her long hair in protest of being encouraged to improve her appearance to attract a husband.<sup id="cite_ref-foley_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foley-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_Neroccio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A1%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_Neroccio.jpg/180px-%D0%A1%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_Neroccio.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A1%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_Neroccio.jpg/270px-%D0%A1%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_Neroccio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A1%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_Neroccio.jpg/360px-%D0%A1%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_Neroccio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Statuette" class="mw-redirect" title="Statuette">Statuette</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neroccio_di_Bartolomeo_de%27_Landi" title="Neroccio di Bartolomeo de' Landi">Neroccio di Bartolomeo de' Landi</a> (1475)</figcaption></figure> <p>Catherine would later advise Raymond of Capua to do during times of trouble what she did now as a teenager: "Build a cell inside your mind, from which you can never flee." In this inner cell, she made her father into a representation of Christ, her mother into the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>, and her brothers into the Apostles in the New Testament. Serving them humbly became an opportunity for spiritual growth. Catherine resisted the accepted course of marriage and motherhood on the one hand, or a <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nun</a>'s veil on the other. She chose to live an active and prayerful life outside a convent's walls, following the model of the Dominicans.<sup id="cite_ref-bellitto_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bellitto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, her parents gave up and permitted her to live as she pleased and stay unmarried.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A vision of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic de Guzmán</a> gave strength to Catherine, but her wish to join his order was no comfort to Lapa, who took her daughter with her to the baths in <a href="/wiki/Bagno_Vignoni" title="Bagno Vignoni">Bagno Vignoni</a> to improve her health. Catherine fell seriously ill with a violent rash, fever and pain, which conveniently made her mother accept her wish to join the "Mantellate", the local association of devout women.<sup id="cite_ref-Siena._Available_Means_2001_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siena._Available_Means_2001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mantellate taught Catherine how to read, and she lived in almost total silence and solitude in the family home.<sup id="cite_ref-Siena._Available_Means_2001_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siena._Available_Means_2001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was customary for Catherine to give away clothing and food without asking anyone's permission, which cost her family significantly. However, she requested nothing for herself and by staying in their midst, she could live out her rejection of them more strongly. She did not want their food, referring to the table laid for her in Heaven with her real family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkårderud2008412–413_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkårderud2008412–413-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after joining the Mantellate, Catherine started to fast for longer but found it challenging. While tending to a woman with cancerous breast sores, she was disgusted. Intending to overcome that disgust, she gathered the sore pus into a ladle and drank it all. That night, she was visited by Jesus who invited her to drink the blood gushing out of his pierced side. It was with this visitation that her stomach "no longer had need of food and no longer could digest."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mystical_marriage_of_Saint_Catherine" title="Mystical marriage of Saint Catherine">Mystical marriage of Saint Catherine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_di_Paolo_The_Mystic_Marriage_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Giovanni_di_Paolo_The_Mystic_Marriage_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/220px-Giovanni_di_Paolo_The_Mystic_Marriage_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Giovanni_di_Paolo_The_Mystic_Marriage_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/330px-Giovanni_di_Paolo_The_Mystic_Marriage_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Giovanni_di_Paolo_The_Mystic_Marriage_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/440px-Giovanni_di_Paolo_The_Mystic_Marriage_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3639" data-file-height="3660" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_di_Paolo" title="Giovanni di Paolo">Giovanni di Paolo</a>, <i>The Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine of Siena</i></figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Capua" title="Raymond of Capua">Raymond of Capua</a>, at the age of 21 (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1368</span>), Catherine experienced what she described in her letters as a "<a href="/wiki/Bridal_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridal theology">Mystical Marriage</a>" with <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaymond_of_Capua200399–101_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaymond_of_Capua200399–101-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later a popular subject in art as the <i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_marriage_of_Saint_Catherine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystic marriage of Saint Catherine">Mystic marriage of Saint Catherine</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Walker_Bynum" title="Caroline Walker Bynum">Caroline Walker Bynum</a> imagines one surprising and controversial aspect of this marriage: "Underlining the extent to which the marriage was a fusion with Christ's physicality<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] Catherine received, not the ring of gold and jewels that her biographer reports in his <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bowdler" title="Thomas Bowdler">bowdlerized</a> version, but the ring of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Prepuce" title="Holy Prepuce">Christ's foreskin</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Bynum_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bynum-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catherine herself mentions the ring ‘of flesh’ motif in one of her letters (#221), equating the wedding ring of a virgin with the flesh of Jesus; she typically claimed that her own wedding ring to Christ was simply invisible.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She wrote in a letter (to encourage a nun who seems to have been undergoing a prolonged period of spiritual trial and torment): "Bathe in the blood of Christ crucified. See that you don't look for or want anything but the crucified, as a true bride ransomed by the blood of Christ crucified – for that is my wish. You see very well that you are a bride and that he has espoused you – you and everyone else – and not with a ring of silver but with a ring of his own flesh."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raymond of Capua also records that Catherine was told by Christ to leave her withdrawn life and enter the public life of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaymond_of_Capua2003105–107_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaymond_of_Capua2003105–107-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catherine rejoined her family and began helping the ill and the poor, where she took care of them in hospitals or homes. Her early pious activities in Siena attracted a group of followers, women and men, who gathered around her.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between the years 1367 and 1374, Catherine devoted herself to helping the sick and incarcerated of Siena.<sup id="cite_ref-Vauchez_2018_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vauchez_2018-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With her help in the Hospital of Santa Maria della Scala and within the neighborhood that she was living, Catherine's acts of charity became well known. This led to her being known as <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">santa donna</i></span>, or a holy woman. This reputation of holiness eventually led to her involvement in politics and a hearing with the pope.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As social and political tensions mounted in Siena, Catherine found herself drawn to intervene in wider politics. She made her first journey to <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> in 1374, probably to be interviewed by the Dominican authorities at the General Chapter held in Florence in May 1374, though this is disputed (if she was interviewed, then the absence of later evidence suggests she was deemed sufficiently orthodox).<sup id="cite_ref-foley_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foley-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems that at this time she acquired Raymond of Capua as her confessor and spiritual director.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19805_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19805-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After this visit, she began travelling with her followers throughout northern and central Italy advocating reform of the clergy and advising people that repentance and renewal could be done through "the total love for God."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHollisterBennett2002342_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHollisterBennett2002342-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Pisa, in 1375, she used what influence she had to sway that city and <a href="/wiki/Lucca" title="Lucca">Lucca</a> away from alliance with the anti-papal league whose force was gaining momentum and strength. She also lent her enthusiasm toward promoting the launch of a new crusade. It was during this time in Pisa, according to Raymond of Capua's biography, that she received the <a href="/wiki/Stigmata" title="Stigmata">stigmata</a> (visible, at Catherine's request, only to herself).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19805_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19805-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_mysticism" title="Category:Christian mysticism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Christian mysticism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unknown_painter_-_Transfiguration_of_Christ_-_WGA23487.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Transfiguration of Jesus"><img alt="Transfiguration of Jesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Unknown_painter_-_Transfiguration_of_Christ_-_WGA23487.jpg/180px-Unknown_painter_-_Transfiguration_of_Christ_-_WGA23487.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Unknown_painter_-_Transfiguration_of_Christ_-_WGA23487.jpg/270px-Unknown_painter_-_Transfiguration_of_Christ_-_WGA23487.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Unknown_painter_-_Transfiguration_of_Christ_-_WGA23487.jpg/360px-Unknown_painter_-_Transfiguration_of_Christ_-_WGA23487.jpg 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="964" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Theology and philosophy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">Apophatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascetical_theology" title="Ascetical theology">Ascetical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataphatic_theology" title="Cataphatic theology">Cataphatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_spirituality" title="Catholic spirituality">Catholic spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Christianity and Ancient Greek philosophy">Hellenistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology" title="Mystical theology">Mystical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Christianity" title="Neoplatonism and Christianity">Neoplatonic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henosis" title="Henosis">Henosis</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <dl><dt>Monasticism<br /></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Monasticism" title="New Monasticism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_silence" title="Monastic silence">Silence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Asceticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant" title="Mendicant">Mendicant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_direction" title="Spiritual direction">Spiritual direction</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Meditation<br /></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_meditation" title="Christian meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lectio_Divina" title="Lectio Divina">Lectio Divina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">Invoking of Mystic Saints</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Active asceticism<br /></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">Contemplation</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Quietism_(Christian_contemplation)" title="Quietism (Christian contemplation)">Quietism</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_(theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="State (theology)">Stages of Christian perfection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychia" title="Hesychia">Hesychia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divinization_(Christian)" title="Divinization (Christian)">Divinization</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Catharsis" title="Catharsis">Catharsis</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">Theosis</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosis" title="Kenosis">Kenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_dryness" title="Spiritual dryness">Spiritual dryness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">Religious ecstasy</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Passive asceticism<br /></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstinence" title="Abstinence">Abstinence</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Esoteric<br /></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(by era or century)</span></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;margin-top:0.3em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Antiquity</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.85em;padding-right:0.85em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism_in_ancient_Africa" title="Christian mysticism in ancient Africa">Ancient African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasines" title="Thomasines">Thomasines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite"><span class="nowrap">Pseudo-Dionysius</span></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.85em;padding-right:0.85em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Thebes" title="Paul of Thebes">Paul of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_the_Great" title="Anthony the Great">Anthony the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenius_the_Great" title="Arsenius the Great">Arsenius the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poemen" title="Poemen">Poemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarius_of_Egypt" title="Macarius of Egypt">Macarius of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_the_Black" title="Moses the Black">Moses the Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncletica_of_Alexandria" title="Syncletica of Alexandria">Syncletica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilarion" title="Hilarion">Hilarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">11th <b>·</b> 12th</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.85em;padding-right:0.85em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigo_II" title="Guigo II">Guigo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_New_Theologian" title="Symeon the New Theologian">Symeon the New Theologian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">13th <b>·</b> 14th</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.85em;padding-right:0.85em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dominican_mystics" title="Category:Dominican mystics">Dominican</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left:0.35em;padding-right:0.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic de Guzmán</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Franciscan_mystics" title="Category:Franciscan mystics">Franciscan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left:0.35em;padding-right:0.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopone_da_Todi" title="Jacopone da Todi">Jacopone da Todi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_Foligno" title="Angela of Foligno">Angela of Foligno</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> English</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left:0.35em;padding-right:0.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rolle" title="Richard Rolle">Richard Rolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hilton" title="Walter Hilton">Walter Hilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich" title="Julian of Norwich">Julian of Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margery_Kempe" title="Margery Kempe">Margery Kempe</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Flemish_Christian_mystics" title="Category:Flemish Christian mystics">Flemish</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left:0.35em;padding-right:0.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Nazareth" title="Beatrice of Nazareth">Beatrice of Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutgardis" title="Lutgardis">Lutgardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadewijch" title="Hadewijch">Hadewijch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_van_Ruysbroeck" class="mw-redirect" title="John van Ruysbroeck">John van Ruysbroeck</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/German_mysticism" class="mw-redirect" title="German mysticism">German</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left:0.35em;padding-right:0.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Meister Eckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tauler" title="Johannes Tauler">Johannes Tauler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Suso" title="Henry Suso">Henry Suso</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_female_mystics#Christianity" title="List of female mystics">Female</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left:0.35em;padding-right:0.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Nazareth" title="Beatrice of Nazareth">Beatrice of Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden"><span class="wrap">Bridget of Sweden</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechthild_of_Magdeburg" title="Mechthild of Magdeburg">Mechthild of Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Porete" title="Marguerite Porete">Marguerite Porete</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">15th <b>·</b> 16th</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.85em;padding-right:0.85em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_mystics" title="Spanish mystics">Spanish</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Osuna" title="Francisco de Osuna"><span class="wrap">Francisco de Osuna</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <span class="nobold">Others</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Genoa" title="Catherine of Genoa">Catherine of Genoa</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">17th <b>·</b> 18th</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.85em;padding-right:0.85em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/French_school_of_spirituality" title="French school of spirituality">French</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mary_Alacoque" title="Margaret Mary Alacoque">Margaret Mary Alacoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_B%C3%A9rulle" title="Pierre de Bérulle">Pierre de Bérulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Olier" title="Jean-Jacques Olier">Jean-Jacques Olier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Montfort" title="Louis de Montfort">Louis de Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Condren" title="Charles de Condren">Charles de Condren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eudes" title="John Eudes">John Eudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_St._Samson" title="John of St. Samson">John of St. Samson</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <span class="nobold">Others</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_of_%C3%81greda" title="Mary of Jesus of Ágreda">Mary of Jesus of Ágreda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Catherine_Emmerich" title="Anne Catherine Emmerich"><span class="wrap">Anne Catherine Emmerich</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_Giuliani" title="Veronica Giuliani">Veronica Giuliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">19th</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.85em;padding-right:0.85em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dina_B%C3%A9langer" title="Dina Bélanger">Dina Bélanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Calvat" title="Mélanie Calvat">Mélanie Calvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximin_Giraud" title="Maximin Giraud">Maximin Giraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_Cabrera_de_Armida" title="Concepción Cabrera de Armida">Conchita de Armida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisa_Piccarreta" title="Luisa Piccarreta">Luisa Piccarreta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" title="Mary of the Divine Heart">Mary of the Divine Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux"><span class="wrap">Thérèse of Lisieux</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Galgani" title="Gemma Galgani">Gemma Galgani</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">20th</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.85em;padding-right:0.85em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Padre Pio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therese_Neumann" title="Therese Neumann">Therese Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marthe_Robin" title="Marthe Robin">Marthe Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrina_of_Balazar" title="Alexandrina of Balazar"><span class="wrap">Alexandrina of Balazar</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_L%C3%BAcia" title="Sister Lúcia"><span class="wrap">Sister Lúcia of Fátima</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Cayce" title="Edgar Cayce">Edgar Cayce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Simone Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Delp" title="Alfred Delp">Alfred Delp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Thomas Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvige_Carboni" title="Edvige Carboni">Edvige Carboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Aiello" title="Elena Aiello">Elena Aiello</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Contemporary papal views</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.85em;padding-right:0.85em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; padding-bottom:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Aspects_of_Christian_meditation" title="Aspects of Christian meditation">Aspects of meditation<br />(<i>Orationis Formas</i>, 1989)</a></div> <a href="/wiki/A_Christian_Reflection_on_the_New_Age" title="A Christian Reflection on the New Age"><i>Reflection on the New Age</i> (2003)</a></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Literature and media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;;font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_ignota" title="Lingua ignota">Lingua ignota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Virtutum" title="Ordo Virtutum">Ordo Virtutum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scivias" title="Scivias">Scivias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascent_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Ascent of Mount Carmel">Ascent of Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Night_of_the_Soul" title="Dark Night of the Soul">Dark Night of the Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Canticle" title="Spiritual Canticle">Spiritual Canticle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way_of_Perfection" class="mw-redirect" title="Way of Perfection">Way of Perfection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_First_Monks" title="Book of the First Monks">Book of the First Monks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Interior_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Interior Castle">The Interior Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_the_Holy_Ghost" title="Abbey of the Holy Ghost">Abbey of the Holy Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Dialogue_of_Comfort_against_Tribulation" title="A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation">A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Willow_Creek_to_Sacred_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart">From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glories_of_Mary" title="The Glories of Mary">The Glories of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Imitation_of_Christ" title="The Imitation of Christ">The Imitation of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ladder_of_Divine_Ascent" title="The Ladder of Divine Ascent">The Ladder of Divine Ascent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philokalia" title="Philokalia">Philokalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelations_of_Divine_Love" title="Revelations of Divine Love">Revelations of Divine Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_a_Soul" class="mw-redirect" title="The Story of a Soul">The Story of a Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theologia_Germanica" title="Theologia Germanica">Theologia Germanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotio_Moderna" title="Devotio Moderna">Devotio Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_in_Lucia%27s_Own_Words" title="Fatima in Lucia's Own Words">Fatima in Lucia's Own Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calls_from_the_Message_of_Fatima" title="Calls from the Message of Fatima">Calls from the Message of Fatima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Miracle_of_Our_Lady_of_Fatima" title="The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima">The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_de_F%C3%A1tima" title="Sol de Fátima">Sol de Fátima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cloud_of_Unknowing" title="The Cloud of Unknowing">The Cloud of Unknowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Consolation_of_Philosophy" title="On the Consolation of Philosophy">On the Consolation of Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mirror_of_Simple_Souls" title="The Mirror of Simple Souls">The Mirror of Simple Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Catherine_Treatise" title="Sister Catherine Treatise">Sister Catherine Treatise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractatus_de_Purgatorio_Sancti_Patricii" title="Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii">Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vision_of_Adamn%C3%A1n" title="The Vision of Adamnán">The Vision of Adamnán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatorio" title="Purgatorio">Purgatorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradiso_(Dante)" title="Paradiso (Dante)">Paradiso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_(2020_film)" title="Fatima (2020 film)">Fatima</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_mysticism" title="Template:Christian mysticism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_mysticism" title="Template talk:Christian mysticism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_mysticism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian mysticism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Her physical travels were not the only way in which Catherine made her views known. From 1375<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19805_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19805-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> onward, she began dictating letters to scribes.<sup id="cite_ref-Siena._Available_Means_2001_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siena._Available_Means_2001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These letters were intended to reach men and women of her circle, increasingly widening her audience to include figures in authority as she begged for peace between the republics and principalities of Italy and for the return of the <a href="/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">Papacy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. She carried on a long correspondence with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XI" title="Pope Gregory XI">Pope Gregory XI</a>, asking him to reform the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> and the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1376 Catherine went to <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> as ambassador of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Republic of Florence</a> to make peace with the Papal States (on 31 March 1376 Gregory XI had placed Florence under interdict). She was unsuccessful and was disowned by the Florentine leaders, who sent ambassadors to negotiate on their own terms as soon as Catherine's work had paved the way for them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19805_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19805-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catherine sent an appropriately scorching letter back to Florence in response.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in Avignon, Catherine also tried to convince Pope Gregory XI, the last <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Pope</a>, to return to Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHollisterBennett2002343_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHollisterBennett2002343-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregory did indeed return his administration to Rome in January 1377; to what extent this was due to Catherine's influence is a topic of much modern debate.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catherine returned to Siena and spent the early months of 1377 founding a women's monastery of strict observance outside the city in the old fortress of Belcaro.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19806_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19806-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She spent the rest of 1377 at Rocca d'Orcia, about 20 miles (32 km) from Siena, on a local mission of peace-making and preaching. During this period, in autumn 1377, she had the experience which led to the writing of her <i>Dialogue</i> and learned to write, although she still seems to have chiefly relied upon her secretaries for her correspondence.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Late in 1377 or early in 1378 Catherine again travelled to Florence, at the order of Gregory XI, to seek peace between Florence and Rome. Following Gregory's death in <a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">March 1378 riots</a>, the revolts of the <a href="/wiki/Ciompi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciompi">Ciompi</a> broke out in Florence on June 18, and in the ensuing violence Catherine was nearly assassinated. Eventually, in July 1378, peace was agreed between Florence and Rome and Catherine returned quietly to Florence.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late November 1378, with the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a>, the new Pope, <a href="/wiki/Urban_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban VI">Urban VI</a>, summoned her to Rome. She stayed at Pope Urban VI's court and tried to convince nobles and cardinals of his legitimacy, both meeting with individuals at court and writing letters to persuade others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19806_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19806-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For many years she had accustomed herself to a rigorous abstinence.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She received the Holy <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> almost daily. This extreme fasting appeared unhealthy in the eyes of the clergy and her own sisterhood. Her confessor, Raymond, ordered her to eat properly. But Catherine replied that she was unable to, describing her inability to eat as an <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">infermità</i></span> (illness). From the beginning of 1380, Catherine could neither eat nor swallow water. On February 26, she lost the use of her legs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19806_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19806-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was said to have levitated while in prayer, and a priest claimed to have seen the consecrated host flying from his hand straight to Catherine's tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catherine died in Rome on April 29, 1380, at the age of 33, eight days after suffering a massive stroke, which paralyzed her from the waist down. Her last words were "Father, into Your Hands I commend my soul and my spirit."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caterina_-_Libro_della_divina_dottrina,_circa_1475_-_2367969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Caterina_-_Libro_della_divina_dottrina%2C_circa_1475_-_2367969.jpg/176px-Caterina_-_Libro_della_divina_dottrina%2C_circa_1475_-_2367969.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Caterina_-_Libro_della_divina_dottrina%2C_circa_1475_-_2367969.jpg/265px-Caterina_-_Libro_della_divina_dottrina%2C_circa_1475_-_2367969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Caterina_-_Libro_della_divina_dottrina%2C_circa_1475_-_2367969.jpg/353px-Caterina_-_Libro_della_divina_dottrina%2C_circa_1475_-_2367969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="3379" /></a><figcaption><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Libro della divina dottrina</i></span> (commonly known as <i>The Dialogue of Divine Providence</i>), <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1475</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27epistole_della_serafica_vergine_s._Caterina_da_Siena.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/L%27epistole_della_serafica_vergine_s._Caterina_da_Siena.tif/lossy-page1-175px-L%27epistole_della_serafica_vergine_s._Caterina_da_Siena.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/L%27epistole_della_serafica_vergine_s._Caterina_da_Siena.tif/lossy-page1-264px-L%27epistole_della_serafica_vergine_s._Caterina_da_Siena.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/L%27epistole_della_serafica_vergine_s._Caterina_da_Siena.tif/lossy-page1-351px-L%27epistole_della_serafica_vergine_s._Caterina_da_Siena.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="4368" /></a><figcaption><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">L'epistole della serafica vergine s. Caterina da Siena</i></span> (1721)</figcaption></figure> <p>Three genres of work by Catherine survive: </p> <ul><li>Her major treatise is <i>The Dialogue of Divine Providence,</i> which is thought to have been begun in October 1377 and finished by November 1378. Contemporaries of Catherine are united in asserting that much of the book was dictated while Catherine was in ecstasy, though it also seems possible that Catherine herself may then have re-edited many passages in the book.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke198013_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke198013-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This text is described as a dialogue between God and a soul.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Catherine's letters are considered one of the great works of early Tuscan literature. Many of these were dictated, although she herself learned to write in 1377; 382 have survived. In her letters to the Pope, she often addressed him affectionately simply as <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Babbo</i></span> ('Daddy'), instead of the formal form of address "Your Holiness".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other correspondents include her various confessors, among them <a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Capua" title="Raymond of Capua">Raymond of Capua</a>, the kings of France and Hungary, the infamous mercenary <a href="/wiki/John_Hawkwood" title="John Hawkwood">John Hawkwood</a>, the Queen of Naples, members of the <a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">Visconti family</a> of Milan, and numerous religious figures.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>26 prayers of Catherine of Siena also survive, mostly composed in the last 18 months of her life.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alcal%C3%A1" title="University of Alcalá">University of Alcalá</a> conserves a unique handwritten Spanish manuscript, while other available texts are printed copies collected by the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of France">National Library of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10.1093/fh/crt047_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1093/fh/crt047-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology">Theology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catherine's theology can be described as <a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">mystical</a>, and was employed toward practical ends for her own spiritual life or those of others.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She used the language of medieval <a href="/wiki/Scholastic_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholastic philosophy">scholastic philosophy</a> to elaborate her experiential mysticism.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interested mainly with achieving an incorporeal union with God, Catherine practiced extreme fasting and <a href="/wiki/Ascetical_theology" title="Ascetical theology">asceticism</a>, eventually to the extent of living solely on the Eucharist every day.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Catherine, this practice was the means to fully realize her <a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">love of Christ</a> in her mystical experience, with a large proportion of her <a href="/wiki/Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">ecstatic visions</a> relating to the consumption or rejection of food during her life.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She viewed Christ as a "bridge" between the soul and God and transmitted that idea, along with her other teachings, in her book <i>The Dialogue</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Dialogue</i> is highly systematic and explanatory in its presentation of her mystical ideas; however, these ideas themselves are not so much based on reason or logic as they are based in her ecstatic mystical experience.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her work was widely read across Europe, and survives in a Middle English translation called <i>The Orchard of Syon</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In one of her letters she sent to her confessor, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Capua" title="Raymond of Capua">Raymond of Capua</a>, she recorded this revelation from her conversation with Christ, in which he said: "Do you know what you are to Me, and what I am to you, my daughter? I am He who is, you are she who is not".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mystical concept of God as the wellspring of being is seen in the works and ideas of <a href="/wiki/Aquinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquinas">Aquinas</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can be seen as a simplistic rendering of <a href="/wiki/Apotheosis" title="Apotheosis">apotheosis</a> and a more rudimentary form of the <a href="/wiki/Divine_simplicity" title="Divine simplicity">doctrine of divine simplicity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She describes God in her work, <i>The Dialogue</i> (which she referred to simply as "her book"), as a "sea, in which we are the fish", the point being that the relationship between God and man should not be seen as man contending against the Divine and vice versa, but as God being the endless being that supports all things.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the writings attributed to Catherine, in 1377 she had a vision in which the Virgin confirmed to her a thesis supported by the Dominican Order, to which Catherine belonged: the Virgin said that she had been conceived <em>with</em> the original sin. The Virgin thus contradicted the future dogma of the <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a>. Cardinal Lambertini (later <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a>) in his treatise <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De servorum Dei beatificatione et de beatorum canonizatione</i></span>, 1734–1738, cites theologians who believed that Catherine's directors or editors had falsified her words; he also cites Father Lancicius,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who believed that Catherine had made a mistake as a result of preconceived ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veneration">Veneration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Veneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Francis_and_Catherine" title="Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine">Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Catherine_of_Siena_tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Saint_Catherine_of_Siena_tomb.jpg/220px-Saint_Catherine_of_Siena_tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Saint_Catherine_of_Siena_tomb.jpg/330px-Saint_Catherine_of_Siena_tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Saint_Catherine_of_Siena_tomb.jpg/440px-Saint_Catherine_of_Siena_tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8448" data-file-height="5648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reliquary" title="Reliquary">Reliquary</a> of Saint Catherine beneath the High Altar of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a>, Rome</figcaption></figure> <p>Catherine was initially buried in the (Roman) cemetery of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a> which lies near the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a>. After miracles were reported to take place at her grave, Raymond moved her inside Santa Maria sopra Minerva, where she lies to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cappella_di_santa_caterina,_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cappella_di_santa_caterina%2C_01.jpg/220px-Cappella_di_santa_caterina%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cappella_di_santa_caterina%2C_01.jpg/330px-Cappella_di_santa_caterina%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cappella_di_santa_caterina%2C_01.jpg/440px-Cappella_di_santa_caterina%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2188" data-file-height="3126" /></a><figcaption>The Chapel of Saint Catherine, Basilica of San Domenico in Siena</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Head_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/220px-Head_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Head_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/330px-Head_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Head_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/440px-Head_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1863" data-file-height="2690" /></a><figcaption>The relic of Catherine's skull, exposed in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Domenico,_Siena" title="Basilica of San Domenico, Siena">Basilica of San Domenico, Siena</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Her head, however, was parted from her body and inserted in a gilt bust of <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>. This bust was later taken to Siena, and carried through that city in a procession to the Dominican church. Behind the bust walked Lapa, Catherine's mother, who lived until she was 89 years old. By then she had seen the end of the wealth and the happiness of her family, and followed most of her children and several of her grandchildren to the grave. She helped Raymond of Capua write his biography of her daughter, and said, "I think God has laid my soul athwart in my body, so that it can't get out."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkårderud2008"Jeg_tror_at_Gud_har_gjort_det_slik_at_sjelen_ligger_på_tvers_i_kroppen_min_og_ikke_kan_komme_ut."_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkårderud2008"Jeg_tror_at_Gud_har_gjort_det_slik_at_sjelen_ligger_på_tvers_i_kroppen_min_og_ikke_kan_komme_ut."-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incorrupt head and thumb were entombed in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Domenico_(Siena)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of San Domenico (Siena)">Basilica of San Domenico</a> at Siena, where they remain.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_II" title="Pope Pius II">Pope Pius II</a> himself <a href="/wiki/Canonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonized">canonized</a> Catherine on 29 April 1461.<sup id="cite_ref-cavendish_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cavendish-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 October 1970, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> named Catherine a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Vatican1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this title was almost simultaneously given to <a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a> (27 September 1970),<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making them the first women to receive this honour.<sup id="cite_ref-beckwith_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckwith-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Catherine's <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> was not initially included in the <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>. When it was added in 1597, it was put on the day of her death, 29 April; however, because this conflicted with the feast of Saint <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Verona" title="Peter of Verona">Peter of Verona</a>, which also fell on 29 April, Catherine's feast day was moved in 1628 to the new date of 30 April.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">1969 revision</a> of the calendar, it was decided to leave the celebration of the feast of St Peter of Verona to local calendars, because he was not as well known worldwide, and Catherine's feast was restored to 29 April.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catherine is <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">remembered</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Episcopal Church</a> on 29 April.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) also commemorates Catherine of Siena on 29 April.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catherine ranks high among the mystics and spiritual writers of the Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-foley_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foley-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She remains a greatly respected figure for her spiritual writings, and political boldness to "speak truth to power", with it being out of the ordinary for a woman in her time period to have had such influence in politics and on world history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patronage">Patronage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Patronage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his decree of 13 April 1866, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> declared Catherine of Siena to be a co-patroness of Rome. On 18 June 1939 <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> named her a joint <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vatican4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 October 1999, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> made her one of Europe's <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saints</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget of Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vatican2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vatican3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vatican3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is also the patroness of the historically Catholic American woman's fraternity, <a href="/wiki/Theta_Phi_Alpha" title="Theta Phi Alpha">Theta Phi Alpha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Severed_head">Severed head</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Severed head"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The people of Siena wished to have Catherine's body. A story is told of a miracle whereby they were partially successful: knowing that they could not smuggle her whole body out of Rome, they decided to take only her head which they placed in a bag. When stopped by the Roman guards, they prayed to Catherine to help them, confident that she would rather have her body (or at least part thereof) in Siena. When they opened the bag to show the guards, it appeared no longer to hold her head but to be full of rose petals.<sup id="cite_ref-AO_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AO-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Santería"><span id="Santer.C3.ADa"></span>Santería</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Santería"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some traditions of <a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a>, Saint Catherine of Siena has been <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretized</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Orisha" title="Orisha">orisha</a> (deity) <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cba_(orisha)" title="Ọba (orisha)">Ọba</a> and is venerated.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographical_sources">Biographical sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Biographical sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruges_Public_Library_MS767_v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bruges_Public_Library_MS767_v.jpg/220px-Bruges_Public_Library_MS767_v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bruges_Public_Library_MS767_v.jpg/330px-Bruges_Public_Library_MS767_v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bruges_Public_Library_MS767_v.jpg/440px-Bruges_Public_Library_MS767_v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3587" data-file-height="4941" /></a><figcaption>Leaf from an anonymous French translation of the Legenda Major by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Capua" title="Raymond of Capua">Raymond of Capua</a> showing the vision of the mystic wedding of Catherine and Christ. (<a href="/wiki/Bruges_Public_Library" title="Bruges Public Library">Bruges Public Library</a>, MS 767)</figcaption></figure> <p>There is some internal evidence of Catherine's personality, teaching and work in her nearly four hundred letters, her <i>Dialogue</i>, and her prayers.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Details about her life have also been drawn from the various sources written shortly after her death to promote her cult and canonization. Though much of the material is heavily <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiographic</a>, written to promote her sanctity, it is an important early source for historians seeking to reconstruct Catherine's life. Various sources are particularly important, especially the works of Raymond of Capua, who was Catherine's spiritual director and close friend from 1374 to her death and himself became <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Order_of_Preachers" title="Master of the Order of Preachers">Master General</a> of the Order in 1380. Raymond wrote what is known as the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Legenda Major</i></span>, his <i>Life</i> of Catherine which was completed in 1395, fifteen years after Catherine's death.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was soon translated into other European languages, including German and English.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another important work written after Catherine's death was <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Libellus de Supplemento</i></span> (<i>Little Supplement Book</i>), written between 1412 and 1418 by Tommaso d'Antonio Nacci da Siena (commonly called Thomas of Siena, or Tommaso Caffarini); the work is an expansion of Raymond's <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Legenda Major</i></span> making heavy use of the notes of Catherine's first confessor, Tommaso della Fonte, that do not survive anywhere else. Caffarini later published a more compact account of Catherine's life, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Legenda Minor</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1411 onward, Caffarini also coordinated the compiling of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Processus</i></span> of Venice, the set of documents submitted as part of the process of <a href="/wiki/Canonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonisation">canonisation</a> of Catherine, which provides testimony from nearly all of Catherine's disciples. There is also an anonymous piece, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Miracoli della Beata Caterina</i></span> (<i>Miracle of Blessed Catherine</i>), written by an anonymous Florentine. A few other relevant pieces survive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19802_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19802-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sanctuaries">Main sanctuaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Main sanctuaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main churches in honor of Catherine of Siena are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a> in Rome, where her body is preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Domenico,_Siena" title="Basilica of San Domenico, Siena">Basilica of San Domenico</a> in Siena, where her incorrupt head is preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-AO_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AO-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrine_of_Saint_Catherine_(Siena)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shrine of Saint Catherine (Siena) (page does not exist)">Shrine of Saint Catherine</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santuario_di_Santa_Caterina_(Siena)" class="extiw" title="it:Santuario di Santa Caterina (Siena)">it</a>]</span> in Siena, a complex of religious buildings built around her birthplace.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mystic_marriage_of_Saint_Catherine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystic marriage of Saint Catherine">Mystic marriage of Saint Catherine</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catherine_of_Siena_(by_Diego_de_Robles,_c._16th_century).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Catherine of Siena, by Diego de Robles (c. 16th century). Santo Domingo Convent, Quito."><img alt="Catherine of Siena, by Diego de Robles (c. 16th century). Santo Domingo Convent, Quito." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Catherine_of_Siena_%28by_Diego_de_Robles%2C_c._16th_century%29.jpg/87px-Catherine_of_Siena_%28by_Diego_de_Robles%2C_c._16th_century%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Catherine_of_Siena_%28by_Diego_de_Robles%2C_c._16th_century%29.jpg/130px-Catherine_of_Siena_%28by_Diego_de_Robles%2C_c._16th_century%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Catherine_of_Siena_%28by_Diego_de_Robles%2C_c._16th_century%29.jpg/174px-Catherine_of_Siena_%28by_Diego_de_Robles%2C_c._16th_century%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="5431" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Catherine of Siena, by Diego de Robles (c. 16th century). Santo Domingo Convent, <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A statue of St. Catherine of Siena at the Parish of St. Catherine of Siena Church in Trumbull, Connecticut"><img alt="A statue of St. Catherine of Siena at the Parish of St. Catherine of Siena Church in Trumbull, Connecticut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/90px-St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/135px-St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/180px-St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A statue of St. Catherine of Siena at the Parish of <a href="/wiki/St._Catherine_of_Siena_Church_(Trumbull,_Connecticut)" title="St. Catherine of Siena Church (Trumbull, Connecticut)">St. Catherine of Siena Church</a> in Trumbull, Connecticut</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CatherineSienaMeo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michele de Meo, Catherine of Siena, Patroness of Europe, 2003, Chapel of St. James, Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva"><img alt="Michele de Meo, Catherine of Siena, Patroness of Europe, 2003, Chapel of St. James, Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/CatherineSienaMeo.jpg/79px-CatherineSienaMeo.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/CatherineSienaMeo.jpg/119px-CatherineSienaMeo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/CatherineSienaMeo.jpg/159px-CatherineSienaMeo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Michele de Meo, <i>Catherine of Siena, Patroness of Europe</i>, 2003, Chapel of St. James, Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CatherineCommunionBeccafumi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Domenico Beccafumi, The Miraculous Communion of St. Catherine of Siena, c. 1513–1515, Getty Center, Los Angeles, California"><img alt="Domenico Beccafumi, The Miraculous Communion of St. Catherine of Siena, c. 1513–1515, Getty Center, Los Angeles, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/CatherineCommunionBeccafumi.jpg/120px-CatherineCommunionBeccafumi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/CatherineCommunionBeccafumi.jpg/180px-CatherineCommunionBeccafumi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/CatherineCommunionBeccafumi.jpg/240px-CatherineCommunionBeccafumi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Beccafumi" title="Domenico Beccafumi">Domenico Beccafumi</a>, <i>The Miraculous Communion of St. Catherine of Siena</i>, c. 1513–1515, Getty Center, Los Angeles, California</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CSienaStigmataBeccafumi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Domenico Beccafumi, St. Catherine of Siena Receiving the Stigmata, c. 1513–1515, Getty Center, Los Angeles, California"><img alt="Domenico Beccafumi, St. Catherine of Siena Receiving the Stigmata, c. 1513–1515, Getty Center, Los Angeles, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/CSienaStigmataBeccafumi.jpg/120px-CSienaStigmataBeccafumi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/CSienaStigmataBeccafumi.jpg/180px-CSienaStigmataBeccafumi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/98/CSienaStigmataBeccafumi.jpg/240px-CSienaStigmataBeccafumi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Domenico Beccafumi, <i>St. Catherine of Siena Receiving the Stigmata</i>, c. 1513–1515, Getty Center, Los Angeles, California</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RosaryStaAgata.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Virgin Mary Giving the Rosary to St. Dominic and St. Catherine of Siena, Church of Santa Agata in Trastevere, Rome (Bottom of painting: the souls in Purgatory await the prayers of the faithful)"><img alt="The Virgin Mary Giving the Rosary to St. Dominic and St. Catherine of Siena, Church of Santa Agata in Trastevere, Rome (Bottom of painting: the souls in Purgatory await the prayers of the faithful)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/RosaryStaAgata.jpg/72px-RosaryStaAgata.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/RosaryStaAgata.jpg/108px-RosaryStaAgata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/RosaryStaAgata.jpg/144px-RosaryStaAgata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Virgin Mary Giving the Rosary to St. Dominic and St. Catherine of Siena</i>, Church of Santa Agata in Trastevere, Rome (Bottom of painting: the souls in Purgatory await the prayers of the faithful)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Franceschini,_Baldassare_-_St_Catherine_of_Siena_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baldassare Franceschini, Saint Catherine of Siena, 17th century, Dulwich Picture Gallery"><img alt="Baldassare Franceschini, Saint Catherine of Siena, 17th century, Dulwich Picture Gallery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Franceschini%2C_Baldassare_-_St_Catherine_of_Siena_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/120px-Franceschini%2C_Baldassare_-_St_Catherine_of_Siena_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Franceschini%2C_Baldassare_-_St_Catherine_of_Siena_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Franceschini%2C_Baldassare_-_St_Catherine_of_Siena_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Franceschini%2C_Baldassare_-_St_Catherine_of_Siena_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Franceschini%2C_Baldassare_-_St_Catherine_of_Siena_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2749" data-file-height="2309" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Baldassare_Franceschini" title="Baldassare Franceschini">Baldassare Franceschini</a>, <i>Saint Catherine of Siena</i>, 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Picture_Gallery" title="Dulwich Picture Gallery">Dulwich Picture Gallery</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_di_paolo,_St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giovanni di Paolo, St. Catherine of Siena, c. 1475, tempera and gold on panel. Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, England."><img alt="Giovanni di Paolo, St. Catherine of Siena, c. 1475, tempera and gold on panel. Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, England." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Giovanni_di_paolo%2C_St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/61px-Giovanni_di_paolo%2C_St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Giovanni_di_paolo%2C_St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/91px-Giovanni_di_paolo%2C_St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Giovanni_di_paolo%2C_St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/121px-Giovanni_di_paolo%2C_St_Catherine_of_Siena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="691" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_di_Paolo" title="Giovanni di Paolo">Giovanni di Paolo</a>, <i>St. Catherine of Siena</i>, c. 1475, tempera and gold on panel. Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, England.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Poland_St._Catherine_of_Siena.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Catherine and the Demons by an unknown artist, c. 1500, tempera on panel. National Museum, Warsaw."><img alt="St Catherine and the Demons by an unknown artist, c. 1500, tempera on panel. National Museum, Warsaw." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lesser_Poland_St._Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/92px-Lesser_Poland_St._Catherine_of_Siena.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lesser_Poland_St._Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/138px-Lesser_Poland_St._Catherine_of_Siena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Lesser_Poland_St._Catherine_of_Siena.jpg/185px-Lesser_Poland_St._Catherine_of_Siena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="987" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>St Catherine and the Demons</i> by an unknown artist, c. 1500, tempera on panel. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum, Warsaw">National Museum, Warsaw</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Revelaci%C3%B3n_del_Sant%C3%ADsimo_Rosario_a_Santo_Domingo_de_Guzm%C3%A1n.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="This painting depicts the Virgin giving the rosary to St. Dominic; in the scene also appear Fray Pedro de Santa María Ulloa, Saint Catherine of Siena and Servant of God, Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado. The fresco is located in the Church of Santo Domingo in San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain."><img alt="This painting depicts the Virgin giving the rosary to St. Dominic; in the scene also appear Fray Pedro de Santa María Ulloa, Saint Catherine of Siena and Servant of God, Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado. The fresco is located in the Church of Santo Domingo in San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Revelaci%C3%B3n_del_Sant%C3%ADsimo_Rosario_a_Santo_Domingo_de_Guzm%C3%A1n.jpg/98px-Revelaci%C3%B3n_del_Sant%C3%ADsimo_Rosario_a_Santo_Domingo_de_Guzm%C3%A1n.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Revelaci%C3%B3n_del_Sant%C3%ADsimo_Rosario_a_Santo_Domingo_de_Guzm%C3%A1n.jpg/147px-Revelaci%C3%B3n_del_Sant%C3%ADsimo_Rosario_a_Santo_Domingo_de_Guzm%C3%A1n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Revelaci%C3%B3n_del_Sant%C3%ADsimo_Rosario_a_Santo_Domingo_de_Guzm%C3%A1n.jpg/196px-Revelaci%C3%B3n_del_Sant%C3%ADsimo_Rosario_a_Santo_Domingo_de_Guzm%C3%A1n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1693" data-file-height="2072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">This painting depicts the Virgin giving the rosary to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">St. Dominic</a>; in the scene also appear Fray Pedro de Santa María Ulloa, Saint Catherine of Siena and <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_de_Le%C3%B3n_y_Delgado" title="Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado">Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado</a>. The fresco is located in the Church of Santo Domingo in <a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_La_Laguna" title="San Cristóbal de La Laguna">San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Domenico74.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Catherine's mystic communion by Francesco Brizzi"><img alt="St Catherine's mystic communion by Francesco Brizzi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/San_Domenico74.jpg/79px-San_Domenico74.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/San_Domenico74.jpg/118px-San_Domenico74.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/San_Domenico74.jpg/158px-San_Domenico74.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>St Catherine's mystic communion</i> by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Brizzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Brizzi">Francesco Brizzi</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_editions_and_English_translations">Modern editions and English translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Modern editions and English translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Italian critical edition of the <i>Dialogue</i> is Catherine of Siena, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Il Dialogo della divina Provvidenza: ovvero Libro della divina dottrina</i></span>, 2nd edition, edited by Giuliana Cavallini (Siena: Cantagalli, 1995; 1st edition, 1968). Cavallini demonstrated that the standard division of the <i>Dialogue</i> in into four treatises entitled the 'Treatise on Discretion', 'On Prayer', 'On Providence', and 'On Obedience', was in fact a result of a misreading of the text in the 1579 edition of the <i>Dialogue</i>. Modern editors and translators, including <a href="#CITEREFNoffke1980">Noffke (1980)</a>, have followed Cavallini in rejecting this fourfold division.</li> <li>The Italian critical edition of the 26 <i>Prayers</i> is Catherine of Siena, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Le Orazioni</i></span>, edited bt Giuliana Cavallini (Rome: Cateriniane, 1978)</li> <li>The most recent Italian critical edition of the Letters is <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Le lettere di Santa Caterina da Siena: l'edizione di Eugenio Duprè Theseider e i nuovi problemi</i></span>, (2002), edited by Antonio Volpato</li></ul> <p>English translations of The <i>Dialogue</i> include: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bsGXhNZyUSgC"><i>The Dialogue</i></a>, trans. Suzanne Noffke, OP Paulist Press (<a href="/wiki/Classics_of_Western_Spirituality" title="Classics of Western Spirituality">Classics of Western Spirituality</a>), 1980.</li> <li><i>The Dialogue of St. Catherine of Siena</i>, <a href="/wiki/TAN_Books" title="TAN Books">TAN Books</a>, 2009. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-149-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-149-8">978-0-89555-149-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Hodgson" title="Phyllis Hodgson">Phyllis Hodgson</a> and Gabriel M. Liegey, eds., <i>The Orcherd of Syon</i>, (London; New York: Oxford UP, 1966) [A Middle English translation of the <i>Dialogo</i> from the early fifteenth century, first printed in 1519].</li></ul> <p>The Letters are translated into English as: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatherine_of_Siena1988" class="citation book cs1">Catherine of Siena (1988). Suzanne Noffke (ed.). <i>The Letters of St. Catherine of Siena</i>. Vol. 4. Binghamton: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86698-036-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86698-036-4"><bdi>978-0-86698-036-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+St.+Catherine+of+Siena&rft.place=Binghamton&rft.pub=Center+for+Medieval+and+Early+Renaissance+Studies%2C+State+University+of+New+York+at+Binghamton&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-86698-036-4&rft.au=Catherine+of+Siena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span> (Republished as <i>The letters of Catherine of Siena</i>, 4 vols, trans Suzanne Noffke, (Tempe, AZ: <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Center_for_Medieval_and_Renaissance_Studies" title="Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies">Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies</a>, 2000–2008))</li></ul> <p>The Prayers are translated into English as: </p> <ul><li><i>The Prayers of Catherine of Siena</i>, trans. Suzanne Noffke, 2nd edn 1983, (New York, 2001)</li></ul> <p>Raymond of Capua's <i>Life</i> was translated into English in 1493 and 1609, and in Modern English is translated as: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond_of_Capua1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Capua" title="Raymond of Capua">Raymond of Capua</a> (1980). Conleth Kearns (ed.). <i>The Life of Catherine of Siena</i>. Wilmington: Glazier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89453-151-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89453-151-4"><bdi>978-0-89453-151-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Catherine+of+Siena&rft.place=Wilmington&rft.pub=Glazier&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-89453-151-4&rft.au=Raymond+of+Capua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>Letter Excerpts translated into English: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catherineofsiena-spirituality.org/letters-illustrative-passages/"><i>Letter Excerpts</i></a>, translations by Diana L. Villegas, Ph.D. from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centrostudicateriniani.it/it/santa-caterina-da-siena/scritti"><i>Volpato critical edition</i></a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Comunale_degli_Intronati" title="Biblioteca Comunale degli Intronati">Biblioteca Comunale degli Intronati</a> – Library in Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church/Patron_Archive/April_29" title="Portal:Catholic Church/Patron Archive/April 29">Saint Catherine of Siena, patron saint archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine_of_Siena%27s_Church_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="St. Catherine of Siena's Church (disambiguation)">Churches dedicated to Catherine of Siena</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diobeth.typepad.com/files/holy-women-holy-men.pdf">"Holy Men and Holy Women"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Churchofengland.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120907015441/http://diobeth.typepad.com/files/holy-women-holy-men.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Churchofengland.org&rft.atitle=Holy+Men+and+Holy+Women&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiobeth.typepad.com%2Ffiles%2Fholy-women-holy-men.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190516024927/http://www.resurrectionpeople.org/saints.html">"Notable Lutheran Saints"</a>. <i>Resurrectionpeople.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.resurrectionpeople.org/saints.html">the original</a> on 16 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resurrectionpeople.org&rft.atitle=Notable+Lutheran+Saints&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.resurrectionpeople.org%2Fsaints.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cloisteringcatherine-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cloisteringcatherine_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongo2006" class="citation journal cs1">Longo, F. Thomas (2006). "Cloistering Catherine: Religious Identity in Raymond of Capua's Legenda Maior of Catherine of Siena". <i>Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History</i>. <b>3</b>: <span class="nowrap">25–</span>69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Medieval+and+Renaissance+History&rft.atitle=Cloistering+Catherine%3A+Religious+Identity+in+Raymond+of+Capua%27s+Legenda+Maior+of+Catherine+of+Siena&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Longo&rft.aufirst=F.+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaegenStrasser2013" class="citation book cs1">Haegen, Anne Mueller von der; Strasser, Ruth F. (2013). "St. Catherine of Siena: Mystic, Politician, and Saint". <i>Art & Architecture: Tuscany</i>. Potsdam: H.F.Ullmann Publishing. p. 334. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8480-0321-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8480-0321-1"><bdi>978-3-8480-0321-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Catherine+of+Siena%3A+Mystic%2C+Politician%2C+and+Saint&rft.btitle=Art+%26+Architecture%3A+Tuscany&rft.place=Potsdam&rft.pages=334&rft.pub=H.F.Ullmann+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-8480-0321-1&rft.aulast=Haegen&rft.aufirst=Anne+Mueller+von+der&rft.au=Strasser%2C+Ruth+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vatican4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/briefs/documents/hf_p-xii_brief_19390618_patroni-italia_it.html"><i>Pontifical Brief</i>, 18 June 1939</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vatican1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/it/homilies/1970/documents/hf_p-vi_hom_19701003.html"><i>Proclamation to Doctor of the Church</i>, Homily, 4 October 1970</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vatican2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_01101999_co-patronesses-europe_en.html"><i>Proclamation of the Co-Patronesses of Europe</i>, Apostolic Letter, 1 October 1999</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141120054044/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_01101999_co-patronesses-europe_en.html">Archived</a> 20 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vatican3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vatican3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/homilies/1999/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_13111999_st-bridget.html"><i>Liturgical Feast of St. Bridget</i>, Homily, 13 November 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardner-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1908" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gardner, Edmund Garratt (1908). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Catherine of Siena"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Catherine_of_Siena">"St. Catherine of Siena" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Catherine+of+Siena&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Edmund+Garratt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkårderud2008411-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkårderud2008411_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkårderud2008">Skårderud 2008</a>, p. 411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crawley-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crawley_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crawley_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071006174930/https://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/CATSIENA.HTM"><i>Lives of Saints</i></a>, John J. Crawley & Co., Inc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raymond of Capua, <i>Legenda Major</i> I, iii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foley-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foley_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foley_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foley_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/saint.aspx?id=1368">Foley O.F.M., Leonard. <i>Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons, and Feast</i></a>, (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M.), Franciscan Media, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86716-887-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86716-887-7">978-0-86716-887-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bellitto-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bellitto_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113121911/https://manpower.webfittersstaging.com/">"CR Meyer Manpower Planner"</a>. <i>manpower.webfittersstaging.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://manpower.webfittersstaging.com/">the original</a> on 13 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=manpower.webfittersstaging.com&rft.atitle=CR+Meyer+Manpower+Planner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmanpower.webfittersstaging.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catholicherald.co.uk/saint-of-the-week-st-catherine-of-siena-april-29/">"Saint of the week: St Catherine of Siena (April 29)"</a>. <i>Catholic Herald</i>. 21 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Herald&rft.atitle=Saint+of+the+week%3A+St+Catherine+of+Siena+%28April+29%29&rft.date=2016-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatholicherald.co.uk%2Fsaint-of-the-week-st-catherine-of-siena-april-29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/30067/6/CatherineofSiena.pdf">"Saint Catherine of Siena Archives"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky" title="University of Kentucky">University of Kentucky</a> Scholar Works</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky" title="University of Kentucky">University of Kentucky</a>. 10 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Kentucky+Scholar+Works&rft.atitle=Saint+Catherine+of+Siena+Archives&rft.date=2020-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkuscholarworks.ku.edu%2Fbitstream%2F1808%2F30067%2F6%2FCatherineofSiena.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siena._Available_Means_2001-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siena._Available_Means_2001_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siena._Available_Means_2001_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siena._Available_Means_2001_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine of Siena. Available Means. Ed. Joy Ritchie and Kate Ronald. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkårderud2008412–413-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkårderud2008412–413_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkårderud2008">Skårderud 2008</a>, pp. 412–413.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1985" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Rudolph (1985). <i>Holy Anorexia</i>. The University of Chicago Press. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226042057" title="Special:BookSources/0226042057"><bdi>0226042057</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+Anorexia&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0226042057&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Rudolph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaymond_of_Capua200399–101-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaymond_of_Capua200399–101_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaymond_of_Capua2003">Raymond of Capua 2003</a>, pp. 99–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bynum-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bynum_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bynum" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline Bynum">Bynum, Caroline Walker</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zhjT8CIZLM4C"><i>Holy Feast and Holy Fast. The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holyfeastholyfas00bynu/page/246">246</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06329-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06329-7"><bdi>978-0-520-06329-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+Feast+and+Holy+Fast.+The+Religious+Significance+of+Food+to+Medieval+Women&rft.pages=246&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-520-06329-7&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Caroline+Walker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzhjT8CIZLM4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManseau2009" class="citation book cs1">Manseau, Peter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T-FrEhVhIBgC&pg=PT58"><i>Rag and Bone. A Journey Among the World's Holy Dead</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-142993-665-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-142993-665-1"><bdi>978-142993-665-1</bdi></a>. <q>Some [nuns], imagined wearing the foreskin as a wedding ring</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rag+and+Bone.+A+Journey+Among+the+World%27s+Holy+Dead&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-142993-665-1&rft.aulast=Manseau&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT-FrEhVhIBgC%26pg%3DPT58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2012" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Andrew (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NU2D35QoNjEC&q=catherine+of+siena&pg=PA192"><i>Christ Circumcised: A Study in Early Christian History and Difference</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812206517" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812206517"><bdi>978-0812206517</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ+Circumcised%3A+A+Study+in+Early+Christian+History+and+Difference&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0812206517&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNU2D35QoNjEC%26q%3Dcatherine%2Bof%2Bsiena%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Letters of Saint Catherine of Siena, Volume II, Suzanne Noffke OP, Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Tempe Arizona 2001, p. 184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaymond_of_Capua2003105–107-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaymond_of_Capua2003105–107_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaymond_of_Capua2003">Raymond of Capua 2003</a>, pp. 105–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vauchez_2018-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vauchez_2018_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVauchez2018" class="citation book cs1">Vauchez, Andre (2018). <i>Catherine of Siena: A life of passion and purpose</i>. Paulist Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catherine+of+Siena%3A+A+life+of+passion+and+purpose&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Vauchez&rft.aufirst=Andre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2009" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, Karen (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3168001">"St. Catherine of Siena, "Apostola"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Cambridge University Press</i>. <b>61</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">34–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3168001">10.2307/3168001</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3168001">3168001</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162503623">162503623</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.atitle=St.+Catherine+of+Siena%2C+%22Apostola%22&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E34-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162503623%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3168001%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3168001&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F3168001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19805-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19805_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19805_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19805_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19805_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoffke1980">Noffke 1980</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHollisterBennett2002342-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHollisterBennett2002342_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHollisterBennett2002">Hollister & Bennett 2002</a>, p. 342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTraub2018" class="citation journal cs1">Traub, Maria Gonnella (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45173053">"Review of The Avignon Papacy Contested: An Intellectual History from Dante to Catherine of Siena"</a>. <i>Italica</i>. <b>95</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">664–</span>666. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-3020">0021-3020</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45173053">45173053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Italica&rft.atitle=Review+of+The+Avignon+Papacy+Contested%3A+An+Intellectual+History+from+Dante+to+Catherine+of+Siena&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E664-%3C%2Fspan%3E666&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45173053%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0021-3020&rft.aulast=Traub&rft.aufirst=Maria+Gonnella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45173053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loyolapress.com/catholic-resources/saints/saints-stories-for-all-ages/saint-catherine-of-siena-1347-1380/">"Saint Catherine of Siena, 1347–1380"</a>. <i>Loyola Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Loyola+Press&rft.atitle=Saint+Catherine+of+Siena%2C+1347%E2%80%931380&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loyolapress.com%2Fcatholic-resources%2Fsaints%2Fsaints-stories-for-all-ages%2Fsaint-catherine-of-siena-1347-1380%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abigailadamsinstitute.org/catherine-of-siena-the-dialogue">"Catherine of Siena – The Dialogue"</a>. <i>The Abigail Adams Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Abigail+Adams+Institute&rft.atitle=Catherine+of+Siena+%E2%80%93+The+Dialogue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abigailadamsinstitute.org%2Fcatherine-of-siena-the-dialogue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter 234 in Tommaseo's numbering.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHollisterBennett2002343-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHollisterBennett2002343_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHollisterBennett2002">Hollister & Bennett 2002</a>, p. 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Bernard McGinn, <i>The Varieties of Vernacular Mysticism</i>, (Herder & Herder, 2012), p. 561.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19806-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19806_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19806_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19806_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoffke1980">Noffke 1980</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This experience is recorded in Letter 272, written to Raymond in October 1377.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/CSIENA.HTM">"Butler, Alban. <i>The Lives or the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints</i>, Vol. IV, D. & J. Sadlier, & Company, (1864)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Butler%2C+Alban.+The+Lives+or+the+Fathers%2C+Martyrs+and+Other+Principal+Saints%2C+Vol.+IV%2C+D.+%26+J.+Sadlier%2C+%26+Company%2C+%281864%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FMARY%2FCSIENA.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/st-dominics-basilica">"St. Catherine of Siena's Severed Head"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=St.+Catherine+of+Siena%27s+Severed+Head&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Fst-dominics-basilica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgan1999" class="citation web cs1">Egan, Jennifer (16 May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/magazine/millennium/m2/egan.html">"The Shadow of the Millennium Women: Power Suffering"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> Archives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times+Archives&rft.atitle=The+Shadow+of+the+Millennium+Women%3A+Power+Suffering&rft.date=1999-05-16&rft.aulast=Egan&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Fmagazine%2Fmillennium%2Fm2%2Fegan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedaSaco2010" class="citation web cs1">Reda, Mario; Saco, Giuseppe (28 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medievalists.net/2010/01/anorexia-and-the-holiness-of-saint-catherine-of-siena/">"Anorexia and the Holiness of Saint Catherine of Siena"</a>. <i>Medievalists</i>. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture vol. 8 Issue 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medievalists&rft.atitle=Anorexia+and+the+Holiness+of+Saint+Catherine+of+Siena&rft.date=2010-01-28&rft.aulast=Reda&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft.au=Saco%2C+Giuseppe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievalists.net%2F2010%2F01%2Fanorexia-and-the-holiness-of-saint-catherine-of-siena%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaffarini1974" class="citation book cs1">Caffarini, Tommaso (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2SIGHAAACAAJ"><i>Libellus de supplemento: legende prolixe virginis beate Catherine de Senis</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Libellus+de+supplemento%3A+legende+prolixe+virginis+beate+Catherine+de+Senis&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Caffarini&rft.aufirst=Tommaso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2SIGHAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke198013-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke198013_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoffke1980">Noffke 1980</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgan1999" class="citation news cs1">Egan, Jennifer (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://movies2.nytimes.com/library/magazine/millennium/m2/egan.html">"Power Suffering"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=Power+Suffering&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Egan&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmovies2.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Fmagazine%2Fmillennium%2Fm2%2Fegan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbes2004" class="citation journal cs1">Forbes, Cheryl (2004). "The Radical Rhetoric of Caterina Da Siena". <i>Rhetoric Review</i>. <b>23</b> (2). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: <span class="nowrap">121–</span>140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1207%2Fs15327981rr2302_2">10.1207/s15327981rr2302_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20176608">20176608</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143039500">143039500</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rhetoric+Review&rft.atitle=The+Radical+Rhetoric+of+Caterina+Da+Siena&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E140&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143039500%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20176608%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1207%2Fs15327981rr2302_2&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1093/fh/crt047-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10.1093/fh/crt047_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyons2013" class="citation book cs1">Lyons, Martin (1 December 2013). "Celestial letters: morals and magic in nineteenth-century France". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/fh/article/27/4/496/584076?searchresult=1"><i>French History</i></a>. Vol. 27. pp. <span class="nowrap">496–</span>514. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ffh%2Fcrt047">10.1093/fh/crt047</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0269-1191">0269-1191</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5187349553">5187349553</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Celestial+letters%3A+morals+and+magic+in+nineteenth-century+France&rft.btitle=French+History&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E496-%3C%2Fspan%3E514&rft.date=2013-12-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5187349553&rft.issn=0269-1191&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ffh%2Fcrt047&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Ffh%2Farticle%2F27%2F4%2F496%2F584076%3Fsearchresult%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span> At section VI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noffke, Suzanne. "Catherine of Siena." In Medieval Holy Women in the Christian Tradition c. 1100–c. 1500. Alastair J. Minnis and Rosalynn Voaden, eds. Turnhout: Brepols, 2010. 613.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foster, Kenelm. "St Catherine's Teaching on Christ." Life of the Spirit (1946–1964) 16, no. 187 (1962): 313. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43705923">43705923</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finnegan, Mary Jeremy. "Catherine of Siena: The Two Hungers." Mystics Quarterly 17, no. 4 (1991): 173–80. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20717082">20717082</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noffke, Suzanne. "Catherine of Siena." In Medieval Holy Women in the Christian Tradition c. 1100–c. 1500. Alastair J. Minnis and Rosalynn Voaden, eds. Turnhout: Brepols, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine of Siena. The Dialogue. Translated by Suzanne Noffke. The Classics of Western Spirituality. Paulist Press, 1980.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noffke, Suzanne. "Catherine of Siena." In Medieval Holy Women in the Christian Tradition c. 1100–c. 1500. Alastair J. Minnis and Rosalynn Voaden, eds. Turnhout: Brepols, 2010. 601–615.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="RozWisdom" class="citation book cs1">Rozenski, Steven (15 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1nVVEAAAQBAJ"><i>Wisdom's Journey: Continental Mysticism and Popular Devotion in England, 1350–1650</i></a>. University of Notre Dame Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-268-20275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-268-20275-0"><bdi>978-0-268-20275-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wisdom%27s+Journey%3A+Continental+Mysticism+and+Popular+Devotion+in+England%2C+1350%E2%80%931650&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame+Press&rft.date=2022-07-15&rft.isbn=978-0-268-20275-0&rft.aulast=Rozenski&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1nVVEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenincasa1980" class="citation book cs1">Benincasa, Catherine (1980). <i>The Dialogues</i> (Translated ed.). Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0809122332" title="Special:BookSources/0809122332"><bdi>0809122332</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dialogues&rft.edition=Translated&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0809122332&rft.aulast=Benincasa&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAquinas2012" class="citation book cs1">Aquinas, Tomas (12 December 2012). <i>Summa Theologica</i> (Blackfrairs Translation ed.). Emmaus Academic. p. I, q.3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1623400149" title="Special:BookSources/978-1623400149"><bdi>978-1623400149</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Summa+Theologica&rft.pages=I%2C+q.3&rft.edition=Blackfrairs+Translation&rft.pub=Emmaus+Academic&rft.date=2012-12-12&rft.isbn=978-1623400149&rft.aulast=Aquinas&rft.aufirst=Tomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarronMurray2002" class="citation book cs1">Barron, Robert; Murray, Paul (2002). <i>Saint Catherine of Siena: Mystic of Fire, Preacher of Freedom</i>. Catholic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567693181" title="Special:BookSources/9780567693181"><bdi>9780567693181</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Catherine+of+Siena%3A+Mystic+of+Fire%2C+Preacher+of+Freedom&rft.pub=Catholic+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780567693181&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Murray%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenincasaDutton_Scudder2019" class="citation book cs1">Benincasa, Catherine; Dutton Scudder, Vida (2019). <i>the Letters of St. Catherine</i> (Translation ed.). Good Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781406512175" title="Special:BookSources/9781406512175"><bdi>9781406512175</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=the+Letters+of+St.+Catherine&rft.edition=Translation&rft.pub=Good+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781406512175&rft.aulast=Benincasa&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Dutton+Scudder%2C+Vida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lancicius, opuscule <i>De praxi divinæ præsentiæ</i>, chapter 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.P. Aug. Poulain, <i>Des grâces d'oraison. 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April 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/st-catherine-sienna-canonised">the original</a> on 8 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Catherine+of+Sienna+canonised%3A+Richard+Cavendish+marks+the+anniversary+of+St+Catherine+of+Siena%27s+canonisation+by+Pope+Pius+II+on+29+April+1461+%E2%80%93+Published+in+History+Today+Volume+61+Issue+4&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fst-catherine-sienna-canonised&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/homilies/1970/documents/hf_p-vi_hom_19700927_it.html"><i>Proclamation of Saint Teresa of Ávila to Doctor of the Church</i>, Homily, 27 September 1970</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beckwith-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beckwith_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060422131354/http://www.americancatholic.org/Messenger/Apr2006/Feature1.asp">"St. Catherine of Siena: A Feisty Role for Sister Nancy Murray – April 2006 Issue of St. Anthony Messenger Magazine Online"</a>. 22 April 2006. 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Church Publishing, Inc. 1 December 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-234-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-234-7"><bdi>978-1-64065-234-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lesser+Feasts+and+Fasts+2018&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft.isbn=978-1-64065-234-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW3e7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Augsburg Fortress. (2023, March 15th). Sundays and Seasons v.20230315.1410. 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Oxford University Press. 31 October 2011. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbenz%2F9780199773787.article.b00135668">10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00135668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paolo+di+Matteo+da+Siena&rft.series=Benezit+Dictionary+of+Artists&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbenz%2F9780199773787.article.b00135668&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Fbenz%2F9780199773787.article.b00135668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Ethel Rolt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/988815166"><i>Women of the cell and cloister</i></a>. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/988815166">988815166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+of+the+cell+and+cloister&rft.pages=177&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F988815166&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Ethel+Rolt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F988815166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRozenskiZimbalistBarr2023" class="citation book cs1">Rozenski, Steven; Zimbalist, Barbara; Barr, Jessica (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCNC0AEACAAJ"><i>Writing Holiness: Genre and Reception across Medieval Hagiography</i></a>. Brepols Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-503-60199-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-503-60199-1"><bdi>978-2-503-60199-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+Holiness%3A+Genre+and+Reception+across+Medieval+Hagiography&rft.pub=Brepols+Publishers&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-2-503-60199-1&rft.aulast=Rozenski&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Zimbalist%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Barr%2C+Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXCNC0AEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisani1978" class="citation journal cs1">Visani, Oriana (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26258481">"Review of Libellus de Supplemento legende prolixe virginis Beate Catherine de Senis, Caffarini"</a>. <i>Lettere Italiane</i>. <b>30</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">253–</span>257. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-1334">0024-1334</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26258481">26258481</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lettere+Italiane&rft.atitle=Review+of+Libellus+de+Supplemento+legende+prolixe+virginis+Beate+Catherine+de+Senis%2C+Caffarini&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E253-%3C%2Fspan%3E257&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26258481%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0024-1334&rft.aulast=Visani&rft.aufirst=Oriana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26258481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edizionicantagalli.com/shop/santa-caterina-da-siena-legenda-minor/">"Santa Caterina da Siena – Legenda Minor"</a>. <i>Edizioni Cantagalli</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Edizioni+Cantagalli&rft.atitle=Santa+Caterina+da+Siena+%E2%80%93+Legenda+Minor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edizionicantagalli.com%2Fshop%2Fsanta-caterina-da-siena-legenda-minor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoffke19802-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoffke19802_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoffke1980">Noffke 1980</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.santamariasopraminerva.it/en/5-tomb-of-st-catherine-of-siena.html">"Tomb of St Catherine of Siena"</a>. <i>Santa Maria sopra Minerva</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Santa+Maria+sopra+Minerva&rft.atitle=Tomb+of+St+Catherine+of+Siena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.santamariasopraminerva.it%2Fen%2F5-tomb-of-st-catherine-of-siena.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viaesiena.it/en/caterina/itinerario/santuario-casa-di-santa-caterina">"Santa Caterina"</a>. <i>Viae Siena</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Viae+Siena&rft.atitle=Santa+Caterina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.viaesiena.it%2Fen%2Fcaterina%2Fitinerario%2Fsantuario-casa-di-santa-caterina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond_of_Capua1862" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Capua" title="Raymond of Capua">Raymond of Capua</a> (1862). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Life of Saint Catharine of Sienna"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Life_of_Saint_Catharine_of_Sienna"><i>Life of Saint Catharine of Sienna</i> </a></span>. P. J. Kenedy & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Saint+Catharine+of+Sienna&rft.pub=P.+J.+Kenedy+%26+Sons&rft.date=1862&rft.au=Raymond+of+Capua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond_of_Capua2003" class="citation book cs1">Blessed Raymond of Capua (2003). <i>The Life of St. Catherine of Siena</i>. Translated by Lamb, George. Rockford, Illinois: TAN Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+St.+Catherine+of+Siena&rft.place=Rockford%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=TAN+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Blessed+Raymond+of+Capua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoffke1980" class="citation book cs1">Catherine of Siena (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dialogue00cath"><i>The Dialogue</i></a>. Translated by Noffke, Suzanne. New York: Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-2233-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-2233-2"><bdi>978-0-8091-2233-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dialogue&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-2233-2&rft.au=Catherine+of+Siena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdialogue00cath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollisterBennett2002" class="citation book cs1">Hollister, Warren; Bennett, Judith (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medievaleuropesh00holl_1"><i>Medieval Europe: A Short History</i></a></span> (9 ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780072346572" title="Special:BookSources/9780072346572"><bdi>9780072346572</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Europe%3A+A+Short+History&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=9&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Companies+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780072346572&rft.aulast=Hollister&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedievaleuropesh00holl_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkårderud2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Skårderud, Finn (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psykologtidsskriftet.no/?seks_id=42861&a=2">"Hellig anoreksi Sult og selvskade som religiøse praksiser. Caterina av Siena (1347–80)"</a>. <i>Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening</i> (in Norwegian). <b>45</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">408–</span>420<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tidsskrift+for+Norsk+Psykologforening&rft.atitle=Hellig+anoreksi+Sult+og+selvskade+som+religi%C3%B8se+praksiser.+Caterina+av+Siena+%281347%E2%80%9380%29&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E408-%3C%2Fspan%3E420&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Sk%C3%A5rderud&rft.aufirst=Finn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psykologtidsskriftet.no%2F%3Fseks_id%3D42861%26a%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross2016" class="citation book cs1">Cross, F. L., ed. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00late"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i></a>. London: Oxford U. P. p. 251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-192-11655-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-192-11655-0"><bdi>978-0-192-11655-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.place=London&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Oxford+U.+P.&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-192-11655-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforddictionary00late&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmling2016" class="citation book cs1">Emling, Shelley (2016). <i>Setting the World on Fire: The Brief, Astonishing Life of St. Catherine of Siena</i>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-27980-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-27980-4"><bdi>978-1-137-27980-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Setting+the+World+on+Fire%3A+The+Brief%2C+Astonishing+Life+of+St.+Catherine+of+Siena&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-137-27980-4&rft.aulast=Emling&rft.aufirst=Shelley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Girolamo Gigli, ed., <i>L'opere di Santa Caterina da Siena</i>, 4 vols, (Siena e Lucca, 1707–1721)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollisterJudith_Bennett2001" class="citation book cs1">Hollister, Warren; Judith Bennett (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medievaleuropesh00holl_1/page/343"><i>Medieval Europe: A Short History</i></a> (9 ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medievaleuropesh00holl_1/page/343">343</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-234657-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-234657-2"><bdi>978-0-07-234657-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Europe%3A+A+Short+History&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=343&rft.edition=9&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Companies+Inc.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-07-234657-2&rft.aulast=Hollister&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft.au=Judith+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedievaleuropesh00holl_1%2Fpage%2F343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaure1918" class="citation book cs1">Faure, Gabriel (1918). <i>Au pays de sainte Catherine de Sienne</i>. Grenoble: J. Rey. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9435948">9435948</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Au+pays+de+sainte+Catherine+de+Sienne&rft.place=Grenoble&rft.pub=J.+Rey&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9435948&rft.aulast=Faure&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott2008" class="citation book cs1">McDermott, Thomas, OP (2008). <i>Catherine of Siena: spiritual development in her life and teaching</i>. New York: Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4547-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4547-8"><bdi>978-0-8091-4547-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catherine+of+Siena%3A+spiritual+development+in+her+life+and+teaching&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-4547-8&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Thomas%2C+OP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li>Carolyn Muessig, George Ferzoco, and Beverly Mayne Kienzle, eds., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6TQAtAtPDiAC"><i>A Companion to Catherine of Siena</i></a>, (Leiden: Brill, 2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20555-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20555-0">978-90-04-20555-0</a> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22542-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22542-8">978-90-04-22542-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Siena&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Catherine of Siena</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="n:Special:Search/Catherine of Siena">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" class="extiw" title="q:Catherine of Siena">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Caterina_di_Giacomo_di_Benincasa" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Caterina di Giacomo di Benincasa">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Catherine_of_Siena" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Catherine of Siena">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/2456">Works by Catherine of Siena</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/8ltcb10.txt">Letters of Catherine from Gutenberg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Siena%2C%20Catherine%20of%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Siena%2C%20Catherine%20o%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Siena%2C%20C%2E%20o%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Catherine%20of%20Siena%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Catherine%20o%2E%20Siena%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22C%2E%20o%2E%20Siena%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Siena%2C%20Catherine%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Catherine%20Siena%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Catherine%20of%20Siena%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Catherine%20o%2E%20Siena%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22C%2E%20o%2E%20Siena%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22C%2E%20of%20Siena%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Siena%2C%20Catherine%20of%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Siena%2C%20Catherine%20o%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Siena%2C%20C%2E%20o%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Siena%2C%20C%2E%20of%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Catherine%20Siena%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Siena%2C%20Catherine%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Catherine%20of%20Siena%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Catherine%20o%2E%20Siena%22%20OR%20title%3A%22C%2E%20o%2E%20Siena%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Catherine%20Siena%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Catherine%20of%20Siena%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Catherine%20o%2E%20Siena%22%20OR%20description%3A%22C%2E%20o%2E%20Siena%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Siena%2C%20Catherine%20of%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Siena%2C%20Catherine%20o%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Catherine%20Siena%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Siena%2C%20Catherine%22%29%20OR%20%28%221347-1380%22%20AND%20Siena%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Catherine of Siena</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT59.HTM">Saint Catherine of Siena: Text with concordances and frequency list</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drawnbylove.com"><i>Drawn by Love, The Mysticism of Catherine of Siena</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianiconography.info/catherineSiena.html">St. Catherine of Siena</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianiconography.info">Christian Iconography</a> web site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.stanford.edu/rm504km6504"><i>Divae Catharinae Senensis Vita</i> 15th-century manuscript</a> at <i>Stanford Digital Repository</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Exterior/Colonnades/Saints/St%20Catherine%20of%20Siena-117/StCatherineofSiena.htm">St Catherine statue – St Peter's Square Colonnade Saints</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digilander.libero.it/raxdi/caterina/inglese/index.htm">"Saint Catherine of Siena: the <i>De Docta Ignorantia </i>"</a>. <i>Invisible Monastery of charity and fraternity – Christian family prayer</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20181031231642/https://digilander.libero.it/raxdi/caterina/inglese/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Invisible+Monastery+of+charity+and+fraternity+%E2%80%93+Christian+family+prayer&rft.atitle=Saint+Catherine+of+Siena%3A+the+De+Docta+Ignorantia+&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigilander.libero.it%2Fraxdi%2Fcaterina%2Finglese%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+of+Siena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catherineofsiena-spirituality.org">Catherine of Siena's Spirituality</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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id="Order_of_Preachers512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order"><span style="color:white;">Order of Preachers</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;"><div>A list of all the congregations, notable members, priories, churches, and convents of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;"><div id="Members_of_the_Dominican_Order512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the Dominican Order</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Beatified Dominicans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Jesus" title="Agnes of Jesus">Agnes of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_degli_Andal%C3%B2" title="Diana degli Andalò">Diana degli Andalò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Franchi" title="Andrea Franchi">Andrea Franchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fra_Angelico" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Ballachi" title="Simone Ballachi">Simone Ballachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XI" title="Pope Benedict XI">Pope Benedict XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Jaricot" title="Pauline Jaricot">Pauline Jaricot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benvenuta_Bojani" title="Benvenuta Bojani">Benvenuta Bojani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Brocadelli" title="Lucy Brocadelli">Lucy Brocadelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Gabriel_del_Rosario_Brochero" title="Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero">Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Carrieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Carrieri">Matthew Carrieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Racconigi" title="Catherine of Racconigi">Catherine of Racconigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiara_Gambacorti" title="Chiara Gambacorti">Chiara Gambacorti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_della_Chiesa" title="Antonio della Chiesa">Antonio della Chiesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_of_Rieti" title="Columba of Rieti">Columba of Rieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe-Marie_Cormier" title="Hyacinthe-Marie Cormier">Hyacinthe-Marie Cormier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Spadafora" title="Domenico Spadafora">Domenico Spadafora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dominici" title="John Dominici">John Dominici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margareta_Ebner" title="Margareta Ebner">Margareta Ebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilia_Bicchieri" title="Emilia Bicchieri">Emilia Bicchieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Fangi" title="Augustine Fangi">Augustine Fangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mart%C3%ADn_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Posadas" title="Francisco Martín Fernández de Posadas">Francisco Martín Fernández de Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Giorgio_Frassati" title="Pier Giorgio Frassati">Pier Giorgio Frassati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Peter González">Peter González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buz%C3%A1d_Hah%C3%B3t" title="Buzád Hahót">Buzád Hahót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humbert_of_Romans" title="Humbert of Romans">Humbert of Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Vercelli" title="John of Vercelli">John of Vercelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_of_Saxony" title="Jordan of Saxony">Jordan of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_of_the_Angels_Monteagudo" title="Ana of the Angels Monteagudo">Ana of the Angels Monteagudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A9s_de_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Manés de Guzmán">Manés de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Castello" title="Margaret of Castello">Margaret of Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Bagnesi" title="Maria Bagnesi">Maria Bagnesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascensi%C3%B3n_Nicol_y_Go%C3%B1i" title="Ascensión Nicol y Goñi">Ascensión Nicol y Goñi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanna_of_Mantua" title="Osanna of Mantua">Osanna of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Paglia" title="Nicola Paglia">Nicola Paglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddalena_Panattieri" title="Maddalena Panattieri">Maddalena Panattieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Spicola_of_Pontecorvo" title="Luke Spicola of Pontecorvo">Luke Spicola of Pontecorvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Poussepin" title="Marie Poussepin">Marie Poussepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephana_de_Quinzanis" title="Stephana de Quinzanis">Stephana de Quinzanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Scammacca" title="Bernardo Scammacca">Bernardo Scammacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Maggi" title="Sebastian Maggi">Sebastian Maggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Suso" title="Henry Suso">Henry Suso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Capua" title="Raymond of Capua">Raymond of Capua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_of_Orleans" title="Reginald of Orleans">Reginald of Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villana_de%27_Botti" title="Villana de' Botti">Villana de' Botti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Congregations of Nuns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sisters_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament">Congregation of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent,_Regensburg" title="Dominican Convent, Regensburg">Dominican Nuns of the Holy Cross Convent, Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Nuns_of_the_Perpetual_Rosary" title="Dominican Nuns of the Perpetual Rosary">Dominican Nuns of the Perpetual Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Angels" title="Monastery of the Angels">Dominicans of the Monastery of the Angels, Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominicans_of_the_Monastery_of_the_Heart_of_Jesus_%E2%80%93_Lockport,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominicans of the Monastery of the Heart of Jesus – Lockport, Louisiana">Dominicans of the Monastery of the Heart of Jesus, Lockport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Congregations of Sisters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Dominican_Sisters" title="Adrian Dominican Sisters">Adrian Dominican Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent,_Ilanz" title="Dominican Convent, Ilanz">Dominican Sisters of Ilanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Blauvelt" title="Dominican Sisters of Blauvelt">Dominican Sisters of Blauvelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Hawthorne" title="Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne">Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Peace" title="Dominican Sisters of Peace">Dominican Sisters of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_St._Catherine_of_Siena" title="Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine of Siena">Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_St._Cecilia" title="Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia">Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin" title="Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin">Dominican Sisters of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Dominican Sisters of the Immaculate Conception">Dominican Sisters of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Grand_Rapids" title="Dominican Sisters of Grand Rapids">Dominican Sisters of Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_San_Rafael" title="Dominican Sisters of San Rafael">Dominican Sisters of San Rafael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Mary,_Mother_of_the_Eucharist" title="Dominican Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Eucharist">Dominican Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Sisters_of_Sparkill" title="Dominican Sisters of Sparkill">Dominican Sisters of Sparkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racine_Dominican_Sisters" title="Racine Dominican Sisters">Racine Dominican Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsinawa_Dominican_Sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinsinawa Dominican Sisters">Sinsinawa Dominican Sisters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Bishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Aguilar_(bishop)" title="Diego de Aguilar (bishop)">Diego de Aguilar (bishop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Alberti_(bishop)" title="Johannes Alberti (bishop)">Johannes Alberti (bishop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Advincula" title="Jose Advincula">Jose Advincula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Albertini" title="Nicolò Albertini">Nicolò Albertini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_Albuquerque" title="Bernardo de Albuquerque">Bernardo de Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_de_Alzola" title="Domingo de Alzola">Domingo de Alzola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Franchi" title="Andrea Franchi">Andrea Franchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Fontiveros_Beltran" title="Rodolfo Fontiveros Beltran">Rodolfo Fontiveros Beltran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Bacani_Jr." title="Teodoro Bacani Jr.">Teodoro Bacani Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufino_Sescon" title="Rufino Sescon">Rufino Sescon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Sipalay" title="Napoleon Sipalay">Napoleon Sipalay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma" title="José S. Palma">José S. Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates_Villegas" title="Socrates Villegas">Socrates Villegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_of_Florence" title="Antoninus of Florence">Antoninus of Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Balardi_Arrigoni" title="Giacomo Balardi Arrigoni">Giacomo Balardi Arrigoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Azpiroz_Costa" title="Carlos Azpiroz Costa">Carlos Azpiroz Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Barboli" title="Daniele Barboli">Daniele Barboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Leo" title="Frank Leo">Frank Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Natali_(bishop)" title="Giovanni Battista Natali (bishop)">Giovanni Battista Natali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangelo_de%27_Bianchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangelo de' Bianchi">Archangelo de' Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Buratti" title="Franciscus Buratti">Franciscus Buratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burke_(bishop)" title="James Burke (bishop)">James Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Martín Cabeza de Vaca">Martín Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_la_C%C3%A1mara_y_Raya" title="Francisco de la Cámara y Raya">Francisco de la Cámara y Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cammerota" title="Thomas Cammerota">Thomas Cammerota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Capello" title="Ambrosius Capello">Ambrosius Capello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Tomás de Cárdenas">Tomás de Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_of_Carniola" title="Andrew of Carniola">Andrew of Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_de_la_Cerda_(bishop)" title="Alfonso de la Cerda (bishop)">Alfonso de la Cerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Clavijo" title="Jerónimo Clavijo">Jerónimo Clavijo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Vesco" title="Jean-Paul Vesco">Jean-Paul Vesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cogorno" title="Antonio Cogorno">Antonio Cogorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Luke_Concanen" title="R. Luke Concanen">R. Luke Concanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connolly_(bishop)" title="John Connolly (bishop)">John Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Cruz" title="Gregorio Cruz">Gregorio Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Celestin_Daly" title="Edward Celestin Daly">Edward Celestin Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Darius" title="Vincent Darius">Vincent Darius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_D%C3%A1vila_Padilla" title="Agustín Dávila Padilla">Agustín Dávila Padilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_James_Dempsey" title="Michael James Dempsey">Michael James Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Augustine_Di_Noia" title="Joseph Augustine Di Noia">Joseph Augustine Di Noia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Doffi" title="Giulio Doffi">Giulio Doffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dominici" title="John Dominici">John Dominici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Vesco" title="Jean-Paul Vesco">Jean-Paul Vesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_de_Doncelli" title="Vincenzo de Doncelli">Vincenzo de Doncelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Drago" title="Alberto Drago">Alberto Drago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Ercolano" title="Vincenzo Ercolano">Vincenzo Ercolano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Fabri" title="Georg Fabri">Georg Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fenwick" title="Edward Fenwick">Edward Fenwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Fernandez_de_Pardo" title="Felipe Fernandez de Pardo">Felipe Fernandez de Pardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fisher" title="Anthony Fisher">Anthony Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustache_Fontana" title="Eustache Fontana">Eustache Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serafino_Fortibraccia" title="Serafino Fortibraccia">Serafino Fortibraccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosio_Fracassini" title="Ambrosio Fracassini">Ambrosio Fracassini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Galindo_Ch%C3%A1vez_y_Pineda" title="Felipe Galindo Chávez y Pineda">Felipe Galindo Chávez y Pineda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Galonifontibus" title="Johannes de Galonifontibus">Johannes de Galonifontibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Soltaniyeh" title="John III of Soltaniyeh">John III of Soltaniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Giamagna" title="Ludovico Giamagna">Ludovico Giamagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(bishop)" title="Andrés González (bishop)">Andrés González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_de_Gozzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietro de Gozzo">Pietro de Gozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grace_(Bishop_of_Saint_Paul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Grace (Bishop of Saint Paul)">Thomas Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Guerra_(bishop)" title="Alfonso Guerra (bishop)">Alfonso Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Hervias" title="Antonio de Hervias">Antonio de Hervias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Heysterbach" title="Jean Heysterbach">Jean Heysterbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howden_(bishop)" title="John Howden (bishop)">John Howden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Ibelin,_bishop_of_Limassol" class="mw-redirect" title="Guy of Ibelin, bishop of Limassol">Guy of Ibelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Kalteisen" title="Henrik Kalteisen">Henrik Kalteisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Kelly" title="Thomas C. Kelly">Thomas C. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thaddeus_Lawton" title="Edward Thaddeus Lawton">Edward Thaddeus Lawton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Lazzari" title="Giorgio Lazzari">Giorgio Lazzari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_Ledesma" title="Bartolomé de Ledesma">Bartolomé de Ledesma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginaldo_de_Liz%C3%A1rraga" title="Reginaldo de Lizárraga">Reginaldo de Lizárraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_de_Loayza" title="Jerónimo de Loayza">Jerónimo de Loayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustachio_Locatelli" title="Eustachio Locatelli">Eustachio Locatelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Locati" title="Umberto Locati">Umberto Locati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Lopaci" title="Bartolomeo Lopaci">Bartolomeo Lopaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_L%C3%B3pez_(archbishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan López (archbishop)">Juan Lópe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Marquet" title="Giovanni Marquet">Giovanni Marquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Opava" title="Martin of Opava">Martin of Opava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Martinez_Menacho_y_Mesa" title="Bartolomé Martinez Menacho y Mesa">Bartolomé Martinez Menacho y Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascase_Maupair" title="Pascase Maupair">Pascase Maupair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Antonin_Mdzewski" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Antonin Mdzewski">Stefan Antonin Mdzewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfried_van_Mierlo" title="Godfried van Mierlo">Godfried van Mierlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Isaresi_della_Mirandola" title="Paolo Isaresi della Mirandola">Paolo Isaresi della Mirandola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Molitoris" title="Hermann Molitoris">Hermann Molitoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Monroy" title="Antonio de Monroy">Antonio de Monroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Mont%C3%BAfar" title="Alonso de Montúfar">Alonso de Montúfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munio_of_Zamora" title="Munio of Zamora">Munio of Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Naranjo" title="Francisco Naranjo">Francisco Naranjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Michele_Nichesola" title="Girolamo Michele Nichesola">Girolamo Michele Nichesola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthold_von_Oberg" title="Berthold von Oberg">Berthold von Oberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Padrolo" title="Michael Padrolo">Michael Padrolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Part" title="Dionysius Part">Dionysius Part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Pascaleo" title="Alberto Pascaleo">Alberto Pascaleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Payl" title="Richard Payl">Richard Payl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Pedro de la Peña">Pedro de la Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_de_Peraza" title="Vicente de Peraza">Vicente de Peraza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Pico" title="Paolo Pico">Paolo Pico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigfried_Piscator" title="Sigfried Piscator">Sigfried Piscator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponsa" title="Ponsa">Ponsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ponticorona" title="Antonio Ponticorona">Antonio Ponticorona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Quinzio" title="Agostino Quinzio">Agostino Quinzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_Arellano_(bishop)" title="Juan Ramírez de Arellano (bishop)">Juan Ramírez de Arellano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_Salamanca" title="Miguel Ramírez de Salamanca">Miguel Ramírez de Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Riva" title="Raphael Riva">Raphael Riva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Cristóbal Rodríguez Juárez">Cristóbal Rodríguez Juárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Romano" title="Giovanni Romano">Giovanni Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginaldo_Romero" title="Reginaldo Romero">Reginaldo Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_R%C3%BCbenach" title="Heinrich von Rübenach">Heinrich von Rübenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_de_Saint-Brieuc" title="Abel de Saint-Brieuc">Abel de Saint-Brieuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint-Cher" title="Hugh of Saint-Cher">Hugh of Saint-Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Salamanca" title="Juan de Salamanca">Juan de Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_(bishop_of_Finland)" title="Thomas (bishop of Finland)">Thomas, bishop of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Mancasola" title="Thomas of Mancasola">Thomas of Mancasola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_da_San_Cipriano" title="Tommaso da San Cipriano">Tommaso da San Cipriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sanz" title="Peter Sanz">Peter Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Sch%C3%B6nborn" title="Christoph Schönborn">Christoph Schönborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Scotti" title="Tommaso Scotti">Tommaso Scotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Silva_y_Tenorio" title="Pedro Silva y Tenorio">Pedro Silva y Tenorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Solano" title="Juan Solano">Juan Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sproten" title="John Sproten">John Sproten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Suppa" title="Luigi Suppa">Luigi Suppa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tideln" title="Johannes Tideln">Johannes Tideln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Torres" title="Miguel de Torres">Miguel de Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_de_Torres_(bishop)" title="Pablo de Torres (bishop)">Pablo de Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchard_Tuberflug" title="Burchard Tuberflug">Burchard Tuberflug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_de_Ulloa" title="Domingo de Ulloa">Domingo de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Valderrama_y_Centeno" title="Domingo Valderrama y Centeno">Domingo Valderrama y Centeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Valdivieso" title="Antonio de Valdivieso">Antonio de Valdivieso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_de_Valverde" title="Vicente de Valverde">Vicente de Valverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincente_de_Valverde" title="Vincente de Valverde">Vincente de Valverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitas_(bishop)" title="Vitas (bishop)">Vitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Wildeshausen" title="John of Wildeshausen">John of Wildeshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Witte_Hoos" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan de Witte Hoos">Juan de Witte Hoos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Xague" title="Pedro Xague">Pedro Xague</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Cardinals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Albertini" title="Nicolò Albertini">Nicolò Albertini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Browne_(cardinal)" title="Michael Browne (cardinal)">Michael Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dominici" title="John Dominici">John Dominici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Fr%C3%BChwirth" title="Andreas Frühwirth">Andreas Frühwirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint-Cher" title="Hugh of Saint-Cher">Hugh of Saint-Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Sch%C3%B6nborn" title="Christoph Schönborn">Christoph Schönborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Advincula" title="Jose Advincula">Jose Advincula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Torquemada_(cardinal)" title="Juan de Torquemada (cardinal)">Juan de Torquemada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Vesco" title="Jean-Paul Vesco">Jean-Paul Vesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Leo" title="Frank Leo">Frank Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Radcliffe" title="Timothy Radcliffe">Timothy Radcliffe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Martyrs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Abrikosova" title="Anna Abrikosova">Anna Abrikosova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Cancer">Luis Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ferdinand_de_Capillas" title="Francis Ferdinand de Capillas">Francis Ferdinand de Capillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buz%C3%A1d_Hah%C3%B3t" title="Buzád Hahót">Buzád Hahót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Cologne" title="John of Cologne">John of Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_and_Ninety_Companions" title="Paul and Ninety Companions">Paul and Ninety Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sanz" title="Peter Sanz">Peter Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Missionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_de_Loayza" title="Jerónimo de Loayza">Jerónimo de Loayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise_Radlmeier" title="Luise Radlmeier">Luise Radlmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sanz" title="Peter Sanz">Peter Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Solano" title="Juan Solano">Juan Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincente_de_Valverde" title="Vincente de Valverde">Vincente de Valverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_%C3%81lvarez_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="José Álvarez Fernández">José Álvarez Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Hofstee" title="Leo Hofstee">Leo Hofstee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Mystics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Jesus" title="Agnes of Jesus">Agnes of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benvenuta_Bojani" title="Benvenuta Bojani">Benvenuta Bojani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Brocadelli" title="Lucy Brocadelli">Lucy Brocadelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Racconigi" title="Catherine of Racconigi">Catherine of Racconigi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_of_Rieti" title="Columba of Rieti">Columba of Rieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Ebner" title="Christina Ebner">Christina Ebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margareta_Ebner" title="Margareta Ebner">Margareta Ebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_de_Le%C3%B3n_y_Delgado" title="Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado">Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Granada" title="Louis of Granada">Louis of Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanna_of_Mantua" title="Osanna of Mantua">Osanna of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephana_de_Quinzanis" title="Stephana de Quinzanis">Stephana de Quinzanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Ricci" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine of Ricci">Catherine of Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsbeth_Stagel" title="Elsbeth Stagel">Elsbeth Stagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Suso" title="Henry Suso">Henry Suso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Simone Weil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Nuns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Abrikosova" title="Anna Abrikosova">Anna Abrikosova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Denmark" title="Agnes of Denmark">Agnes of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Jesus" title="Agnes of Jesus">Agnes of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Montepulciano" title="Agnes of Montepulciano">Agnes of Montepulciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_degli_Andal%C3%B2" title="Diana degli Andalò">Diana degli Andalò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_Arg%C3%BCello" title="Concepción Argüello">Concepción Argüello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Beata_de_Piedrahita" class="mw-redirect" title="La Beata de Piedrahita">La Beata de Piedrahita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Borkowska_(Sister_Bertranda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Borkowska (Sister Bertranda)">Sister Bertranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Branca,_Lady_of_Guadalajara" title="Infanta Branca, Lady of Guadalajara">Infanta Branca, Lady of Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violante_do_Ceo" class="mw-redirect" title="Violante do Ceo">Violante do Ceo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiara_Gambacorti" title="Chiara Gambacorti">Chiara Gambacorti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Chikaba" title="Teresa Chikaba">Teresa Chikaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Vittoria_Dolara" title="Anna Vittoria Dolara">Anna Vittoria Dolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Theodosia_Drane" title="Augusta Theodosia Drane">Augusta Theodosia Drane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Ebner" title="Christina Ebner">Christina Ebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margareta_Ebner" title="Margareta Ebner">Margareta Ebner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Gorodets" title="Stephanie Gorodets">Stephanie Gorodets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_T%C3%B6ss" title="Elizabeth of Töss">Elizabeth of Töss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilia_Bicchieri" title="Emilia Bicchieri">Emilia Bicchieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Fresen" title="Patricia Fresen">Patricia Fresen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmengard_of_Oettingen" title="Irmengard of Oettingen">Irmengard of Oettingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Irvine" title="Marion Irvine">Marion Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Jarrige" title="Catherine Jarrige">Catherine Jarrige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna,_Princess_of_Portugal" title="Joanna, Princess of Portugal">Joanna, Princess of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Kugel" title="Theresa Kugel">Theresa Kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Fontana" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Margaret of Fontana">Saint Margaret of Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Hungary_(saint)" title="Margaret of Hungary (saint)">Margaret of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_Morell" title="Juliana Morell">Juliana Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanna_of_Cattaro" title="Osanna of Cattaro">Osanna of Cattaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_R%C3%A1skay" title="Lea Ráskay">Lea Ráskay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomea_Riccoboni" title="Bartolomea Riccoboni">Bartolomea Riccoboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Rubashova" title="Nora Rubashova">Nora Rubashova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsbeth_Stagel" title="Elsbeth Stagel">Elsbeth Stagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolanda_of_Vianden" title="Yolanda of Vianden">Yolanda of Vianden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Petra_Giordano" title="Maria Petra Giordano">Maria Petra Giordano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Popes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XI" title="Pope Benedict XI">Pope Benedict XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIII" title="Pope Benedict XIII">Pope Benedict XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_V" title="Pope Innocent V">Pope Innocent V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Saints</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Montepulciano" title="Agnes of Montepulciano">Agnes of Montepulciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_of_Florence" title="Antoninus of Florence">Antoninus of Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ferdinand_de_Capillas" title="Francis Ferdinand de Capillas">Francis Ferdinand de Capillas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Ferrer" title="Vincent Ferrer">Vincent Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Alphonsine_Danil_Ghattas" title="Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas">Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_of_Poland" title="Hyacinth of Poland">Hyacinth of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Cologne" title="John of Cologne">John of Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Macias" title="John Macias">John Macias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Hungary_(saint)" title="Margaret of Hungary (saint)">Margaret of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_and_Ninety_Companions" title="Paul and Ninety Companions">Paul and Ninety Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_de_Porres" title="Martin de Porres">Martin de Porres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Penyafort" title="Raymond of Penyafort">Raymond of Penyafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sanz" title="Peter Sanz">Peter Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdislava_Berka" title="Zdislava Berka">Zdislava Berka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Burgoa" title="Francisco Burgoa">Francisco Burgoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Maurice_Fiey" title="Jean Maurice Fiey">Jean Maurice Fiey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede_Jarrett" title="Bede Jarrett">Bede Jarrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Krasi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Krasić">Stjepan Krasić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond-Joseph_Loenertz" title="Raymond-Joseph Loenertz">Raymond-Joseph Loenertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Opava" title="Martin of Opava">Martin of Opava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Menasce" title="Jean de Menasce">Jean de Menasce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise_Radlmeier" title="Luise Radlmeier">Luise Radlmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_R%C3%A1skay" title="Lea Ráskay">Lea Ráskay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Sertillanges" title="Antonin Sertillanges">Antonin Sertillanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Thering" title="Rose Thering">Rose Thering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Sisters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Abrikosova" title="Anna Abrikosova">Anna Abrikosova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Mary_Alphonsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Mary Alphonsa">Mother Mary Alphonsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Brocadelli" title="Lucy Brocadelli">Lucy Brocadelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_of_Rieti" title="Columba of Rieti">Columba of Rieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Gilbert" title="Carol Gilbert">Carol Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Hudson" title="Jackie Hudson">Jackie Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_de_Le%C3%B3n_y_Delgado" title="Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado">Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_MacCurtain" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret MacCurtain">Margaret MacCurtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascensi%C3%B3n_Nicol_y_Go%C3%B1i" title="Ascensión Nicol y Goñi">Ascensión Nicol y Goñi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardeth_Platte" title="Ardeth Platte">Ardeth Platte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephana_de_Quinzanis" title="Stephana de Quinzanis">Stephana de Quinzanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise_Radlmeier" title="Luise Radlmeier">Luise Radlmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Ricci" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine of Ricci">Catherine of Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Thering" title="Rose Thering">Rose Thering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Tuite" title="Marjorie Tuite">Marjorie Tuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Whitty" title="Rose Whitty">Rose Whitty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Theologians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bayard_(theologian)" title="Nicholas Bayard (theologian)">Nicholas Bayard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Augustine_Di_Noia" title="Joseph Augustine Di Noia">Joseph Augustine Di Noia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel-Jacques_Dubois" title="Marcel-Jacques Dubois">Marcel-Jacques Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Galiana_y_Cervera" title="Luis Galiana y Cervera">Luis Galiana y Cervera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Kalteisen" title="Henrik Kalteisen">Henrik Kalteisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lutterell" title="John Lutterell">John Lutterell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Aidan Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulus_Hungarus" title="Paulus Hungarus">Paulus Hungarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Torquemada_(cardinal)" title="Juan de Torquemada (cardinal)">Juan de Torquemada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_T._Viviano" title="Benedict T. Viviano">Benedict T. Viviano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;;width:1%">Dominican Tertiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Amherst" title="Francis Amherst">Francis Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Ballachi" title="Simone Ballachi">Simone Ballachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benvenuta_Bojani" title="Benvenuta Bojani">Benvenuta Bojani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Gabriel_del_Rosario_Brochero" title="Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero">Jose Gabriel del Rosario Brochero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Racconigi" title="Catherine of Racconigi">Catherine of Racconigi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Giorgio_Frassati" title="Pier Giorgio Frassati">Pier Giorgio Frassati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Jaricot" title="Pauline Jaricot">Pauline Jaricot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Grabmann" title="Martin Grabmann">Martin Grabmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Castello" title="Margaret of Castello">Margaret of Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Bagnesi" title="Maria Bagnesi">Maria Bagnesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanna_of_Mantua" title="Osanna of Mantua">Osanna of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villana_de%27_Botti" title="Villana de' Botti">Villana de' Botti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz"> Lorenzo Ruíz of Manila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;"><div id="Dominican_Churches,_Convents,_and_Monasteries512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dominican Churches, Convents, and Monasteries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Dominican Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Sisto_Vecchio" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of San Sisto Vecchio">Basilica of San Sisto Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Santa_Maria_Novella" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Santa Maria Novella">Basilica of Santa Maria Novella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St_Dominic,_Valletta" title="Basilica of St Dominic, Valletta">Basilica of St Dominic, Valletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament_Church_(Seattle)" title="Blessed Sacrament Church (Seattle)">Blessed Sacrament Church, Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_of_St._Catherine_(Saint_Petersburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church of St. Catherine (Saint Petersburg)">Church of St Catherine, Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Virgin_Mary,_Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Košice">Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Košice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Vincent_Ferrer_(Manhattan)" title="Church of St. Vincent Ferrer (Manhattan)">Church of St. Vincent Ferrer, Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church,_Lviv" title="Dominican Church, Lviv">Dominican Church, Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church_and_Convent_of_St._James,_Sandomierz" title="Dominican Church and Convent of St. James, Sandomierz">Dominican Church and Convent of St. James, Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church_and_Convent_of_the_Assumption_of_Mary,_Tarnobrzeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Church and Convent of the Assumption of Mary, Tarnobrzeg">Dominican Church and Convent of the Assumption of Mary, Tarnobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church,_Vienna" title="Dominican Church, Vienna">Dominican Church, Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Cannat" title="Église Saint-Cannat">Église Saint-Cannat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_Church,_Sighi%C8%99oara" title="Monastery Church, Sighișoara">Monastery Church, Sighișoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Rosario_y_Santo_Domingo,_Montevideo" title="Nuestra Señora del Rosario y Santo Domingo, Montevideo">Nuestra Señora del Rosario y Santo Domingo, Montevideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Pompei_Church,_Victoria,_Gozo" title="Our Lady of Pompei Church, Victoria, Gozo">Our Lady of Pompei Church, Victoria, Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predigerkirche_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Predigerkirche Zürich">Predigerkirche Zürich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Domenico_Maggiore" title="San Domenico Maggiore">San Domenico Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Domenico,_Palermo" title="San Domenico, Palermo">San Domenico, Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giacomo_Apostolo,_Forl%C3%AC" title="San Giacomo Apostolo, Forlì">San Giacomo Apostolo, Forlì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anastasia_(Verona)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Anastasia (Verona)">Sant'Anastasia, Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_di_Castello" title="Santa Maria di Castello">Santa Maria di Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Piet%C3%A0,_Palermo" title="Santa Maria della Pietà, Palermo">Santa Maria della Pietà, Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina" title="Santa Sabina">Santa Sabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo,_Venice" title="Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice">Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santissima_Trinit%C3%A0_a_Via_Condotti" title="Santissima Trinità a Via Condotti">Santissima Trinità a Via Condotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_(Mexico_City)" title="Santo Domingo (Mexico City)">Santo Domingo, Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Church,_Cologne" title="St. Andrew's Church, Cologne">St. Andrew's Church, Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cuthbert%27s_Church,_Durham" title="St Cuthbert's Church, Durham">St Cuthbert's Church, Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Priory_Church" title="St Dominic's Priory Church">St Dominic's Priory Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Church,_Antwerp" title="St. Paul's Church, Antwerp">St. Paul's Church, Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Hyacinth%27s_Church,_Warsaw" title="St. Hyacinth's Church, Warsaw">St. Hyacinth's Church, Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Dominican Convents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convent_of_San_Domenico,_Fiesole" title="Convent of San Domenico, Fiesole">Convent of San Domenico, Fiesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_(Madrid)" title="Convento de Santo Tomás (Madrid)">Convento de Santo Tomás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church_and_Convent_of_St._James,_Sandomierz" title="Dominican Church and Convent of St. James, Sandomierz">Dominican Church and Convent of St. James, Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Church_and_Convent_of_the_Assumption_of_Mary,_Tarnobrzeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Church and Convent of the Assumption of Mary, Tarnobrzeg">Dominican Church and Convent of the Assumption of Mary, Tarnobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent,_Ilanz" title="Dominican Convent, Ilanz">Dominican Convent, Ilanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent,_Zaragoza" title="Dominican Convent, Zaragoza">Dominican Convent, Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predigerkloster" title="Predigerkloster">Predigerkloster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Priory,_Roskilde" title="St. Catherine's Priory, Roskilde">St. Catherine's Priory, Roskilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlehdorf_Abbey" title="Schlehdorf Abbey">Schlehdorf Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A4nninge_Abbey" title="Skänninge Abbey">Skänninge Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Priory,_Kalmar" title="St. John's Priory, Kalmar">St. John's Priory, Kalmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wettenhausen_Abbey" title="Wettenhausen Abbey">Wettenhausen Abbey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Dominican Monasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballindoon_Friary" title="Ballindoon Friary">Ballindoon Friary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friars%27_Monastery_of_Stockholm" title="Black Friars' Monastery of Stockholm">Black Friars' Monastery of Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrishoole_Friary" title="Burrishoole Friary">Burrishoole Friary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_Monastery" title="Corpus Christi Monastery">Corpus Christi Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couvent_des_Jacobins_de_la_rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Honoré">Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couvent_des_Jacobins_de_la_rue_Saint-Jacques" title="Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques">Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Priory,_Viborg" title="Dominican Priory, Viborg">Dominican Priory, Viborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavigny_Abbey" title="Flavigny Abbey">Flavigny Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holb%C3%A6k_Priory" title="Holbæk Priory">Holbæk Priory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchberg_convent" title="Kirchberg convent">Kirchberg convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liebenau_monastery" title="Liebenau monastery">Liebenau monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matris_Domini_Monastery" title="Matris Domini Monastery">Matris Domini Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monast%C3%A8re_de_Chalais" title="Monastère de Chalais">Monastère de Chalais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Abbey,_Youghal" title="North Abbey, Youghal">North Abbey, Youghal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Prouille_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame-de-Prouille Monastery">Notre-Dame-de-Prouille Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oetenbach_nunnery" title="Oetenbach nunnery">Oetenbach nunnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady%27s_Priory,_Aarhus" title="Our Lady's Priory, Aarhus">Our Lady's Priory, Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_House_of_Studies" title="Dominican House of Studies">Priory of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinerkirche,_Leipzig" title="Paulinerkirche, Leipzig">Paulinerkirche, Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Dominique" title="Rue Saint-Dominique">Rue Saint-Dominique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte_Marie_de_La_Tourette" title="Sainte Marie de La Tourette">Sainte Marie de La Tourette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Catalina Monastery">Santa Catalina Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sligo_Abbey" title="Sligo Abbey">Sligo Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes%27_Priory,_Gavn%C3%B8" title="St. Agnes' Priory, Gavnø">St. Agnes' Priory, Gavnø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_Monastery,_Bremen" title="St Catherine's Monastery, Bremen">St Catherine's Monastery, Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Monastery,_Tallinn" title="St. Catherine's Monastery, Tallinn">St. Catherine's Monastery, Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Priory,_Roskilde" title="St. Catherine's Priory, Roskilde">St. Catherine's Priory, Roskilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Priory,_Ribe" title="St. Catherine's Priory, Ribe">St. Catherine's Priory, Ribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine_Monastery,_Olomouc" title="St. Catherine Monastery, Olomouc">St. Catherine Monastery, Olomouc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6ss_Monastery" title="Töss Monastery">Töss Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weesen_Abbey" title="Weesen Abbey">Weesen Abbey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;"><div id="Dominican_Education512" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dominican Education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Colleges and Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus_College" title="Albertus Magnus College">Albertus Magnus College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelicum_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelicum College">Angelicum College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_College_(Michigan)" title="Aquinas College (Michigan)">Aquinas College, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_College_(Tennessee)" title="Aquinas College (Tennessee)">Aquinas College, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_Institute_of_Theology" title="Aquinas Institute of Theology">Aquinas Institute of Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquinas University">Aquinas University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_University" title="Barry University">Barry University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_University" title="Caldwell University">Caldwell University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de Letran">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_College_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican College (New York)">Dominican College, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_School_of_Philosophy_and_Theology" title="Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology">Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_University_(Illinois)" title="Dominican University (Illinois)">Dominican University, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_University_of_California" title="Dominican University of California">Dominican University of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgewood_College" title="Edgewood College">Edgewood College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity University">Holy Trinity University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molloy_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Molloy College">Molloy College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Mary_College" title="Mount Saint Mary College">Mount Saint Mary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_College" title="Providence College">Providence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catharine_College" title="St. Catharine College">St. Catharine College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Dominican_College" title="St. Mary's Dominican College">St. Mary's Dominican College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Aquinas_College" title="St. Thomas Aquinas College">St. Thomas Aquinas College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena_Heights_University" title="Siena Heights University">Siena Heights University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Pontifical Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas">Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:black;color:white;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus_High_School" title="Albertus Magnus High School">Albertus Magnus High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelicum_School_Iloilo" title="Angelicum School Iloilo">Angelicum School Iloilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_High_School_(New_York)" title="Aquinas High School (New York)">Aquinas High School, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas_School" title="Aquinas School">Aquinas School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Priory_School" title="Blackfriars Priory School">Blackfriars Priory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabra_Dominican_College" title="Cabra Dominican College">Cabra Dominican College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Academy" title="Dominican Academy">Dominican Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent_High_School,_Harare" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Convent High School, Harare">Dominican Convent High School, Harare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent_High_School,_Bulawayo" title="Dominican Convent High School, Bulawayo">Dominican Convent High School, Bulawayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Convent_Primary_School,_Bulawayo" title="Dominican Convent Primary School, Bulawayo">Dominican Convent Primary School, Bulawayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_College_Sion_Hill" title="Dominican College Sion Hill">Dominican College Sion Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_College,_Fortwilliam" title="Dominican College, Fortwilliam">Dominican College, Fortwilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_College,_Portstewart" title="Dominican College, Portstewart">Dominican College, Portstewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_High_School_(Whitefish_Bay,_Wisconsin)" title="Dominican High School (Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin)">Dominican High School, Whitefish Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_International_School" title="Dominican International School">Dominican International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_School_Manila" title="Dominican School Manila">Dominican School Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgewood_High_School_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Edgewood High School of the Sacred Heart">Edgewood High School of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenwick_High_School_(Oak_Park,_Illinois)" title="Fenwick High School (Oak Park, Illinois)">Fenwick High School (Oak Park, Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flintridge_Sacred_Heart_Academy" title="Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy">Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frassati_Catholic_High_School" title="Frassati Catholic High School">Frassati Catholic High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception_Academy_(San_Francisco,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Immaculate Conception Academy (San Francisco, California)">Immaculate Conception Academy (San Francisco, California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Catholic_High_School_(Illinois)" title="Marian Catholic High School (Illinois)">Marian Catholic High School (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryknoll_School_of_Lupon" title="Maryknoll School of Lupon">Maryknoll School of Lupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_de_Sales_Academy_(Catonsville,_Maryland)" title="Mount de Sales Academy (Catonsville, Maryland)">Mount de Sales Academy (Catonsville, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Dominic_Academy" title="Mount Saint Dominic Academy">Mount Saint Dominic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbridge_College" title="Newbridge College">Newbridge College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Peace_High_School_(Illinois)" title="Queen of Peace High School (Illinois)">Queen of Peace High School, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Dominican_High_School" title="Regina Dominican High School">Regina Dominican High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosarian_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosarian Academy">Rosarian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary_High_School_(Aurora,_Illinois)" title="Rosary High School (Aurora, Illinois)">Rosary High School, Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosaryhill_School" title="Rosaryhill School">Rosaryhill School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_High_School_(California)" title="Sacred Heart High School (California)">Sacred Heart High School (California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mission_High_School" title="San Gabriel Mission High School">San Gabriel Mission High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_School" title="Santa Catalina School">Santa Catalina School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Agnes_Academy_(Texas)" title="Saint Agnes Academy (Texas)">Saint Agnes Academy, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic_Academy" title="Saint Dominic Academy">Saint Dominic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Paul_the_Great_Catholic_High_School_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School (Virginia)">Saint John Paul the Great Catholic High School (Virginia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_Academy_(Catarman)" title="Saint Michael Academy (Catarman)">Saint Michael Academy, Catarman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina_College" title="Santa Sabina College">Santa Sabina College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena_College_(Camberwell)" title="Siena College (Camberwell)">Siena College, Camberwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena_College_of_Quezon_City" title="Siena College of Quezon City">Siena College of Quezon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena_College_of_Taytay" title="Siena College of Taytay">Siena College of Taytay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Catherine%27s_Academy" title="St. Catherine's Academy">St Catherine's Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_School,_Germiston" title="St Catherine's School, Germiston">St Catherine's School, Germiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Catholic_School_for_Girls,_Boksburg" title="St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls, Boksburg">St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls, Boksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Chishawasha" title="St Dominic's Chishawasha">St Dominic's Chishawasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_College,_Henderson" class="mw-redirect" title="St Dominic's College, Henderson">St Dominic's College, Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Grammar_School" title="St Dominic's Grammar School">St Dominic's Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Grammar_School_for_Girls" title="St Dominic's Grammar School for Girls">St Dominic's Grammar School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Priory_School,_Stone" title="St Dominic's Priory School, Stone">St Dominic's Priory School, Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Priory_College,_Adelaide" title="St Dominic's Priory College, Adelaide">St Dominic's Priory College, Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Sixth_Form_College" title="St Dominic's Sixth Form College">St Dominic's Sixth Form College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_High_School_(Harare)" title="St. John's High School (Harare)">St John's High School, Harare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_School,_Oamaru" title="St Joseph's School, Oamaru">St Joseph's School, Oamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Dominican_High_School" title="St. Mary's Dominican High School">St Mary's Dominican High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Roses_Senior_High_(Akwatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Roses Senior High (Akwatia)">St Rose's Senior High School, Akwatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_Ferrer_High_School" title="St. Vincent Ferrer High School">St Vincent Ferrer High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Institute_of_Religious_Sciences_of_St._Thomas_Aquinas" title="Superior Institute of Religious Sciences of St. Thomas Aquinas">Superior Institute of Religious Sciences of St. Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Catholic_College,_Dunedin" title="Trinity Catholic College, Dunedin">Trinity Catholic College, Dunedin, New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_High_School_(River_Forest,_Illinois)" title="Trinity High School (River Forest, Illinois)">Trinity High School (River Forest, Illinois)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:black;color:white;;background:white;color:black;"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Papacy"><img alt="Emblem of the Papacy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/18px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/28px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/37px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism"><span style="color:black; font-size:10pt;">Catholicism portal</span></a></b> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Papacy"><img alt="Emblem of the Papacy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/18px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/28px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/37px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Women_writers_of_the_Middle_Ages447" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medieval_women_writers" title="Template:Medieval women writers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medieval_women_writers" title="Template talk:Medieval women writers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_women_writers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval women writers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Women_writers_of_the_Middle_Ages447" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Women in the Middle Ages">Women</a> <a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">writers of the Middle Ages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khosrovidukht" title="Khosrovidukht">Khosrovidukht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahakdukht" title="Sahakdukht">Sahakdukht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kassia" title="Kassia">Kassia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/10th_century_in_literature" title="10th century in literature">10th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrotsvitha" title="Hrotsvitha">Hrotsvitha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/11th_century_in_literature" title="11th century in literature">11th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ava_(poet)" title="Ava (poet)">Ava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/12th_century_in_literature" title="12th century in literature">12th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene" title="Anna Komnene">Anna Komnene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lo%C3%AFse" class="mw-redirect" title="Héloïse">Héloïse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_France" title="Marie de France">Marie de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trota_of_Salerno" title="Trota of Salerno">Trota of Salerno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/13th_century_in_literature" title="13th century in literature">13th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_the_Great" title="Gertrude the Great">Gertrude the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechthild_of_Magdeburg" title="Mechthild of Magdeburg">Mechthild of Magdeburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/14th_century_in_literature" title="14th century in literature">14th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget of Sweden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan" title="Christine de Pizan">Christine de Pizan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich" title="Julian of Norwich">Julian of Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margery_Kempe" title="Margery Kempe">Margery Kempe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Women_writers_(medieval)" title="Category:Women writers (medieval)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church1045" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church1045" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominguito_del_Val" title="Dominguito del Val">Dominguito del Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Martyrs of Compiègne">Martyrs of Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_venerated_couples" title="List of venerated couples">Venerated couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Catholic_theology809" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Template:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Template talk:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Catholic_theology809" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_dogmatic_theology" title="Catholic dogmatic theology">History of Catholic theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Key figures</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of Christian theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">First Epistle of Clement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_of_Hermas" title="The Shepherd of Hermas">The Shepherd of Hermas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristides_of_Athens" title="Aristides of Athens">Aristides of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Diognetus" title="Epistle to Diognetus">Epistle to Diognetus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novatian" title="Novatian">Antipope Novatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a> to<br /><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">Monothelitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecthesis" title="Ecthesis">Ecthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinus_II_of_Aquileia" title="Paulinus II of Aquileia">Paulinus II of Aquileia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Aniane" title="Benedict of Aniane">Benedict of Aniane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus" title="Rabanus Maurus">Rabanus Maurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschasius_Radbertus" title="Paschasius Radbertus">Paschasius Radbertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">John Scotus Eriugena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roscellinus" title="Roscellinus">Roscellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_of_Tours" title="Berengar of Tours">Berengar of Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore" title="Joachim of Fiore">Joachim of Fiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Laon" title="Anselm of Laon">Anselm of Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint_Victor" title="Hugh of Saint Victor">Hugh of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Robert Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Nazareth" title="Beatrice of Nazareth">Beatrice of Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boetius_of_Dacia" title="Boetius of Dacia">Boetius of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Ghent" title="Henry of Ghent">Henry of Ghent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant" title="Siger of Brabant">Siger of Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a> and reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">William of Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rolle" title="Richard Rolle">Richard Rolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_van_Ruysbroeck" class="mw-redirect" title="John van Ruysbroeck">John of Ruusbroec</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Meister Eckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tauler" title="Johannes Tauler">Johannes Tauler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hilton" title="Walter Hilton">Walter Hilton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cloud_of_Unknowing" title="The Cloud of Unknowing">The Cloud of Unknowing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Suso" title="Henry Suso">Heinrich Seuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geert_Groote" title="Geert Groote">Geert Groote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotio_Moderna" title="Devotio Moderna">Devotio Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich" title="Julian of Norwich">Julian of Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_%C3%A0_Kempis" title="Thomas à Kempis">Thomas à Kempis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Nicholas of Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Marsilio Ficino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola" title="Girolamo Savonarola">Girolamo Savonarola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cajetan" title="Thomas Cajetan">Thomas Cajetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Eck" title="Johann Eck">Johann Eck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Vitoria" title="Francisco de Vitoria">Francisco de Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Villanova" title="Thomas of Villanova">Thomas of Villanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Osuna" title="Francisco de Osuna">Francisco de Osuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Luis de León">Luis de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Molina" title="Luis de Molina">Luis de Molina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Francisco Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to<br /><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_B%C3%A9rulle" title="Pierre de Bérulle">Pierre de Bérulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Pierre Gassendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_of_%C3%81greda" title="Mary of Jesus of Ágreda">Mary of Jesus of Ágreda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Vieira" title="António Vieira">António Vieira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Olier" title="Jean-Jacques Olier">Jean-Jacques Olier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomassin" title="Louis Thomassin">Louis Thomassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon" title="François Fénelon">François Fénelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Jansen" title="Cornelius Jansen">Cornelius Jansen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Nicolas Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Montfort" title="Louis de Montfort">Louis de Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Gaetana_Agnesi" title="Maria Gaetana Agnesi">Maria Gaetana Agnesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Muzzarelli" title="Alfonso Muzzarelli">Alfonso Muzzarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Sailer" title="Johann Michael Sailer">Johann Michael Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Mary_Hofbauer" title="Clement Mary Hofbauer">Clement Mary Hofbauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Lanteri" title="Bruno Lanteri">Bruno Lanteri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G%C3%B6rres" title="Joseph Görres">Joseph Görres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Félicité de La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Taparelli" title="Luigi Taparelli">Luigi Taparelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini" title="Antonio Rosmini">Antonio Rosmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_D%C3%B6llinger" title="Ignaz von Döllinger">Ignaz von Döllinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Henri_Lacordaire" title="Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire">Henri Lacordaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Balmes" title="Jaime Balmes">Jaime Balmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Sanseverino" title="Gaetano Sanseverino">Gaetano Sanseverino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Cornoldi" title="Giovanni Maria Cornoldi">Giovanni Maria Cornoldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Emmanuel_von_Ketteler" title="Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler">Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pecci" title="Giuseppe Pecci">Giuseppe Pecci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hergenr%C3%B6ther" title="Joseph Hergenröther">Joseph Hergenröther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Maria_Zigliara" title="Tommaso Maria Zigliara">Tommaso Maria Zigliara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Joseph_Scheeben" title="Matthias Joseph Scheeben">Matthias Joseph Scheeben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Boutroux" title="Émile Boutroux">Émile Boutroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Léon Bloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9-Joseph_Mercier" title="Désiré-Joseph Mercier">Désiré-Joseph Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_H%C3%BCgel" title="Friedrich von Hügel">Friedrich von Hügel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)">Vladimir Solovyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Joseph_Lagrange" title="Marie-Joseph Lagrange">Marie-Joseph Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tyrrell" title="George Tyrrell">George Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blondel" title="Maurice Blondel">Maurice Blondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ginald_Garrigou-Lagrange" title="Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange">Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Joseph Maréchal">Joseph Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin" title="Pierre Teilhard de Chardin">Pierre Teilhard de Chardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Jacques Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Étienne Gilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Knox" title="Ronald Knox">Ronald Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bernanos" title="Georges Bernanos">Georges Bernanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Hildebrand" title="Dietrich von Hildebrand">Dietrich von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Gabriel Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Dominique_Chenu" title="Marie-Dominique Chenu">Marie-Dominique Chenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Henri de Lubac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Daniel-Rops" title="Henri Daniel-Rops">Henri Daniel-Rops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Guitton" title="Jean Guitton">Jean Guitton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josemar%C3%ADa_Escriv%C3%A1" title="Josemaría Escrivá">Josemaría Escrivá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie">Nouvelle théologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Karl Rahner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lonergan" title="Bernard Lonergan">Bernard Lonergan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounier" title="Emmanuel Mounier">Emmanuel Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Jean Daniélou">Jean Daniélou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Copleston" title="Frederick Copleston">Frederick Copleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Delp" title="Alfred Delp">Alfred Delp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schillebeeckx" title="Edward Schillebeeckx">Edward Schillebeeckx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Thomas Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard" title="René Girard">René Girard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_K%C3%BCng" title="Hans Küng">Hans Küng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Metz" title="Johann Baptist Metz">Johann Baptist Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vanier" title="Jean Vanier">Jean Vanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nouwen" title="Henri Nouwen">Henri Nouwen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_von_Hildebrand" title="Alice von Hildebrand">Alice von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Martini" title="Carlo Maria Martini">Carlo Maria Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez">Gustavo Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">Alasdair MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kasper" title="Walter Kasper">Walter Kasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raniero_Cantalamessa" title="Raniero Cantalamessa">Raniero Cantalamessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Heller" title="Michał Heller">Michał Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Peter Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Jean-Luc Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Hal%C3%ADk" title="Tomáš Halík">Tomáš Halík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Aidan Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Hahn" title="Scott Hahn">Scott Hahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, 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class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Category:History of the Catholic Church by country">By country or region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">Papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Catholic ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="History of the Roman Curia">History of the Roman Curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Catholic culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a><br />(30–325/476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Origins of Christianity">Origins</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a> (30–100)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Commissioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_of_Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Split of Christianity and Judaism">Split with Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">General epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ante-Nicene_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a> (100–325)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Pope Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a><br />(313–476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Great_Church(180–451)Romanstate_church(380–451)108" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a><br />(180–451)<br /><a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">Roman<br />state church</a><br />(380–451)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arian_controversy" title="Arian controversy">Arian controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Pope Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict of Nursia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Second Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic_Church)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_clash_between_the_Church_and_the_Empire" title="The clash between the Church and the Empire">Clash against the empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="First Council of the Lateran">First Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Second Council of the Lateran">Second Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Third Council of the Lateran">Third Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Lyon" title="First Council of Lyon">First Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Second Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">Pope Clement V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Vienne" title="Council of Vienne">Council of Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Dissolution of the monasteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to the<br /><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XI" title="Pope Innocent XI">Pope Innocent XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimabara_Rebellion" title="Shimabara Rebellion">Shimabara Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church and politics in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette" title="Our Lady of La Salette">Our Lady of La Salette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Papal infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" title="Mary of the Divine Heart">Mary of the Divine Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Consecration_to_the_Sacred_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart">Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_20th_century" title="Catholic Church in the 20th century">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_and_Pius_XII" title="Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII">Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_1942_consecration_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris">Pacem in terris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Pope_Paul_VI" title="Coronation of Pope Paul VI">coronation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I" title="Pope John Paul I">Pope John Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_1995" title="World Youth Day 1995">1995</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2000" title="World Youth Day 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2002" title="World Youth Day 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2005" title="World Youth Day 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2008" title="World Youth Day 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2011" title="World Youth Day 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2013" title="World Youth Day 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2016" title="World Youth Day 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2019" title="World Youth Day 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2023" title="World Youth Day 2023">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27" title="Laudato si'">Laudato si'</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Declaration_of_Pope_Francis_and_Patriarch_Kirill" title="Joint Declaration of Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill">Patriarch Kirill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229190#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4262" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229190#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4262" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229190#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120966249">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/90633132">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/30658/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxmJhMDGRcjtMkydyVcT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11856059X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79011075">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118955484">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118955484">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00712012">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Caterina : da Siena <santa>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV034722">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35026584">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000603312&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1133551">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/43632">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069111723">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90639186">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000035800&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000071603">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201101160">Korea</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201109945">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/64jlmtjq2j5607x">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810596487505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/21928">Vatican</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/353071">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007275920805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000105338">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511819106706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14705045">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01851171?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500372058">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/800183">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="CATERINA da Siena, santa"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/caterina-da-siena-santa_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/11856059X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11856059X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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