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Flour sack - Wikipedia
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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bag used to store flour or feed</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bag_of_flour162.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bag_of_flour162.jpg/220px-Bag_of_flour162.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bag_of_flour162.jpg/330px-Bag_of_flour162.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bag_of_flour162.jpg/440px-Bag_of_flour162.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>open multi-wall paper sack of flour</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bag" title="Bag">Bags</a> or sacks for <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a> range in size and <a href="/wiki/Flour_sack_fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Flour sack fabric">material</a>, from large bulk bags, in <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> or woven polypropylene, to smaller consumer packaging, often made of <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Package_types">Package types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flour_sack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Package types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulk_packaging">Bulk packaging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flour_sack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bulk packaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weizenmehl_40kg_S%C3%A4cke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Weizenmehl_40kg_S%C3%A4cke.jpg/220px-Weizenmehl_40kg_S%C3%A4cke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Weizenmehl_40kg_S%C3%A4cke.jpg/330px-Weizenmehl_40kg_S%C3%A4cke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Weizenmehl_40kg_S%C3%A4cke.jpg/440px-Weizenmehl_40kg_S%C3%A4cke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3332" data-file-height="2499" /></a><figcaption>40 kg. multi-wall paper sacks of flour</figcaption></figure> <p>Flour is often shipped from the miller to bakeries, institutions, and other bulk uses. Sizes range from 10 kg to 100 kg. One traditional construction was cheap <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> bags. These printed cotton bags were sometimes viewed as <a href="/wiki/Collectable" title="Collectable">collectables</a>; other times the <a href="/wiki/Flour_sack_fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Flour sack fabric">flour sack fabric</a> was repurposed into a variety of household items. </p><p>Current practices are to use multi-wall <a href="/wiki/Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">paper sacks</a>. Some include a layer of <a href="/wiki/Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">plastic film</a> for barrier properties and insect control. Woven polypropylene bags are also used for high strength; at least one variety (<a href="/wiki/Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a>) also includes inner plastic bags. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consumer_packaging">Consumer packaging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flour_sack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Consumer packaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sack_of_King_Arthur_all_purpose_flour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sack_of_King_Arthur_all_purpose_flour.jpg/220px-Sack_of_King_Arthur_all_purpose_flour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sack_of_King_Arthur_all_purpose_flour.jpg/330px-Sack_of_King_Arthur_all_purpose_flour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sack_of_King_Arthur_all_purpose_flour.jpg/440px-Sack_of_King_Arthur_all_purpose_flour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2483" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Paper sack of flour. 5 pound, 2.27 kg</figcaption></figure> <p>Consumer packages are often bags or sacks constructed of paper. <a href="/wiki/Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Plastic films</a> are also used, sometimes with <a href="/wiki/Resealable_packaging" title="Resealable packaging">reclosable</a> features. <a href="/wiki/Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouches</a> of flour have recently been introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Considerations">Considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flour_sack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contents">Contents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flour_sack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Wheat_flour" title="Wheat flour">wheat flour</a> are available. Flour can also be made from other grains, roots, nuts, etc. <a href="/wiki/Packaging_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging engineer">Packaging engineers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Food scientist">food scientists</a> need to understand the properties of the particular flour, intended handling and logistics systems, and desired <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Package forms and materials can be matched to these needs.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insects">Insects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flour_sack&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Insects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Packaging_test,_infestation,_k7995-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Packaging_test%2C_infestation%2C_k7995-7.jpg/200px-Packaging_test%2C_infestation%2C_k7995-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Packaging_test%2C_infestation%2C_k7995-7.jpg/300px-Packaging_test%2C_infestation%2C_k7995-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Packaging_test%2C_infestation%2C_k7995-7.jpg/400px-Packaging_test%2C_infestation%2C_k7995-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>Testing the ability of packages to resist insect infestation<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Insects can be a problem. When available, a suitable <a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticide</a> can be used; care must be used to ensure product safety. Hermetic plastic bags also help.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When insect infestation is noted, one method of stopping further growth is to freeze the sacks of flour for several days.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_impact">Cultural impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flour_sack&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cultural impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reuel_Colt_Gridley_circa_1864.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Reuel_Colt_Gridley_circa_1864.jpg/220px-Reuel_Colt_Gridley_circa_1864.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Reuel_Colt_Gridley_circa_1864.jpg/330px-Reuel_Colt_Gridley_circa_1864.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Reuel_Colt_Gridley_circa_1864.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Reuel Colt Gridley became famous in the United States in 1864 by repeatedly selling a sack of flour to raise money for wounded U.S. Civil War veterans.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flour_sack_fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Flour sack fabric">Flour sack fabric</a> has been used as a cheap source of fabrics for consumers to create their own textiles.</li> <li>Printed cotton bags were sometimes viewed as <a href="/wiki/Collectable" title="Collectable">collectables</a>.</li> <li>Various place names were named after flour sacks, since they were so ubiquitous in so many cultures. <a href="/wiki/Blatobulgium" title="Blatobulgium">Blatobulgium</a> in Scotland, and <a href="/wiki/Pieni%C4%99%C5%BCno" title="Pieniężno">Pieniężno</a> in Poland, for example, are possibly named after words for <i>flour sack</i> in different languages. The all-white tower in the old city of <a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a> in Germany is called <i>Mehlsack</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuel_Colt_Gridley" title="Reuel Colt Gridley">Reuel Colt Gridley</a> famously carried a 50-pound bag of flour on his shoulder after losing a political bet in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Nevada" title="Austin, Nevada">Austin, Nevada</a>. The sack of flour was later auctioned off, then re-donated, then re-auctioned again and again to raise money for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Sanitary_Commission" title="United States Sanitary Commission">United States Sanitary Commission</a> during the American Civil War. Auctioning this single flour sack eventually raised more than $250,000.<sup id="cite_ref-lodi1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lodi1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flour_sack&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeetrak2017" class="citation journal cs1">Peetrak, L (11 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bakingbusiness.com/articles/32009-flour-companies-rethink-packaging">"Flour companies rethink packaging"</a>. <i>Baking Business</i>. <b>99</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">64–</span>69. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230113231737/https://www.bakingbusiness.com/articles/32009-flour-companies-rethink-packaging">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baking+Business&rft.atitle=Flour+companies+rethink+packaging&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft.aulast=Peetrak&rft.aufirst=L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bakingbusiness.com%2Farticles%2F32009-flour-companies-rethink-packaging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlour+sack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHRUŠKOVÁ2002" class="citation journal cs1">HRUŠKOVÁ, M (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/50904.PDF">"Changes of Wheat Flour Properties during Short Term Storage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Czech J. Food Sci</i>. <b>20</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">125–</span>130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17221%2F3522-CJFS">10.17221/3522-CJFS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220617100838/https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/50904.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Czech+J.+Food+Sci.&rft.atitle=Changes+of+Wheat+Flour+Properties+during+Short+Term+Storage&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E125-%3C%2Fspan%3E130&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17221%2F3522-CJFS&rft.aulast=HRU%C5%A0KOV%C3%81&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agriculturejournals.cz%2FpublicFiles%2F50904.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlour+sack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanhanen2006" class="citation journal cs1">Vanhanen, L (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://197.136.134.32/bitstream/handle/123456780/4284/2006VanhanenSavage.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"The use of peroxide value as a measure of quality for walnut flour stored at five different temperatures using three different types of packaging"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Food Chemistry</i>. <b>99</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">64–</span>69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2005.07.020">10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.020</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230113231732/http://197.136.134.32/bitstream/handle/123456780/4284/2006VanhanenSavage.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+use+of+peroxide+value+as+a+measure+of+quality+for+walnut+flour+stored+at+five+different+temperatures+using+three+different+types+of+packaging&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2005.07.020&rft.aulast=Vanhanen&rft.aufirst=L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F197.136.134.32%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F123456780%2F4284%2F2006VanhanenSavage.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlour+sack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooke1998" class="citation journal cs1">Cooke, Linda (March 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/mar98/pest0398.pdf">"Pest-Proofing Food Packaging"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Agricultural Research</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004143420/http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/mar98/pest0398.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2012-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Pest-Proofing+Food+Packaging&rft.date=1998-03&rft.aulast=Cooke&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ars.usda.gov%2Fis%2FAR%2Farchive%2Fmar98%2Fpest0398.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlour+sack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaributsa2022" class="citation journal cs1">Baributsa, D (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8953509">"Hermetic Bags Help Afghan Rural Women Preserve Wheat Flour during Winter"</a>. <i>Insects</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Finsects13030237">10.3390/insects13030237</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8953509">8953509</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35323535">35323535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insects&rft.atitle=Hermetic+Bags+Help+Afghan+Rural+Women+Preserve+Wheat+Flour+during+Winter&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=237&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8953509%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35323535&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Finsects13030237&rft.aulast=Baributsa&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8953509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlour+sack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLu2015" class="citation journal cs1">Lu, Jianhua (May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article/78/5/1052/197216/Effect-of-Wheat-Flour-Packaging-Materials-on">"Effect of Wheat Flour Packaging Materials on Infestation by Lasioderma serricorne (F.)"</a>. <i>Journal of Food Protection</i>. <b>78</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1052–</span>1055. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4315%2F0362-028X.JFP-14-438">10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-14-438</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25951407">25951407</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221109000707/https://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article/78/5/1052/197216/Effect-of-Wheat-Flour-Packaging-Materials-on">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Wheat+Flour+Packaging+Materials+on+Infestation+by+Lasioderma+serricorne+%28F.%29&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1052-%3C%2Fspan%3E1055&rft.date=2015-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4315%2F0362-028X.JFP-14-438&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25951407&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Jianhua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeridian.allenpress.com%2Fjfp%2Farticle%2F78%2F5%2F1052%2F197216%2FEffect-of-Wheat-Flour-Packaging-Materials-on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlour+sack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlinn2015" class="citation journal cs1">Flinn, P W (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3068&=&context=usdaarsfacpub&=&sei-redir=1&referer=https%253A%252F%252Fscholar.google.com%252Fscholar%253Fhl%253Den%2526as_sdt%253D0%25252C24%2526q%253Dflour%252Bbag%2526btnG%253D#search=%22flour%20bag%22">"Cold temperature disinfestation of bagged flour"</a>. <i>Journal of Stored Products Research</i>. <b>63</b>: <span class="nowrap">42–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jspr.2015.06.001">10.1016/j.jspr.2015.06.001</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221015200104/https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3068&=&context=usdaarsfacpub&=&sei-redir=1&referer=https%253A%252F%252Fscholar.google.com%252Fscholar%253Fhl%253Den%2526as_sdt%253D0%25252C24%2526q%253Dflour%252Bbag%2526btnG%253D#search=%22flour%20bag%22">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Stored+Products+Research&rft.atitle=Cold+temperature+disinfestation+of+bagged+flour&rft.volume=63&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jspr.2015.06.001&rft.aulast=Flinn&rft.aufirst=P+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D3068%26%3D%26context%3Dusdaarsfacpub%26%3D%26sei-redir%3D1%26referer%3Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fscholar.google.com%25252Fscholar%25253Fhl%25253Den%252526as_sdt%25253D0%2525252C24%252526q%25253Dflour%25252Bbag%252526btnG%25253D%23search%3D%2522flour%2520bag%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlour+sack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lodi1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lodi1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lea, Ralph & Kennedy, Christi (1 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uOw0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=QSEGAAAAIBAJ&pg=7008,3520585&dq=reuel+colt+gridley&hl=en">Reuel Gridley and a sack of flour</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531170236/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uOw0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=QSEGAAAAIBAJ&pg=7008,3520585&dq=reuel+colt+gridley&hl=en">Archived</a> 2020-05-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lodi_News-Sentinel" title="Lodi News-Sentinel">Lodi News-Sentinel</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bags" title="Template:Bags"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bags" title="Template talk:Bags"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bags" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bags"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bags_and_flexible_containers114" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bag" title="Bag">Bags</a> and flexible <a href="/wiki/Container" title="Container">containers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carried</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayong" title="Bayong">Bayong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindle" title="Bindle">Bindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briefcase" title="Briefcase">Briefcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugout_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugout bag">Bugout bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillybag" title="Dillybag">Dillybag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromedary_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Dromedary bag">Dromedary bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_bag" title="Flight bag">Flight bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaji_bag" title="Gaji bag">Gaji bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grocery_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Grocery bag">Grocery bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hambiliya" title="Hambiliya">Hambiliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">Handbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haversack" title="Haversack">Haversack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-white-blue_bag" title="Red-white-blue bag">Laundry bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_bag" title="Medical bag">Medical bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_bag" title="Money bag">Money bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_briefcase" title="Nuclear briefcase">Nuclear briefcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_shopping_bag" title="Plastic shopping bag">Plastic shopping bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_box_(government)" title="Red box (government)">Red box (government)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticule_(handbag)" title="Reticule (handbag)">Reticule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_shopping_bag" title="Reusable shopping bag">Reusable shopping bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_purse" title="Shell purse">Shell purse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_bag" title="Shopping bag">Shopping bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_bag" title="String bag">String bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Survival bag">Survival bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swag_(bedroll)" title="Swag (bedroll)">Swag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tote_bag" title="Tote bag">Tote bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_bag" title="Tucker bag">Tucker bag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Worn</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backpack" title="Backpack">Backpack</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canoe_pack" title="Canoe pack">Canoe pack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duluth_pack" title="Duluth pack">Duluth pack</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandolier_bag" title="Bandolier bag">Bandolier bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bivouac_shelter" title="Bivouac shelter">Bivouac sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Book bag">Book bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_pack" title="Fanny pack">Fanny pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Golf bag">Golf bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Rucksack" title="Lightweight Rucksack">Lightweight Rucksack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_bag" title="Medicine bag">Medicine bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_bag" title="Messenger bag">Messenger bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pack_basket" title="Pack basket">Pack basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasiking" title="Pasiking">Pasiking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randoseru" title="Randoseru">Randoseru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabretache" title="Sabretache">Sabretache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satchel" title="Satchel">Satchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporran" title="Sporran">Sporran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takiding" title="Takiding">Takiding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baggage" title="Baggage">Luggage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bug-out_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug-out bag">Bug-out bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet_bag" title="Carpet bag">Carpet bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaper_bag" title="Diaper bag">Diaper bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_bag" title="Diplomatic bag">Diplomatic bag / pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffel_bag" title="Duffel bag">Duffel bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garment_bag" title="Garment bag">Garment bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_bag" title="Gig bag">Gig bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone_bag" title="Gladstone bag">Gladstone bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobo_bag" title="Hobo bag">Hobo bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holdall" title="Holdall">Holdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadic_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomadic bag">Nomadic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_cases" title="Norfolk cases">Norfolk case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portmanteau_(luggage)" title="Portmanteau (luggage)">Portmanteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddlebag" title="Saddlebag">Saddlebag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suitcase" title="Suitcase">Suitcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toiletry_bag" title="Toiletry bag">Toiletry bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_case" title="Train case">Train case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_pack" title="Travel pack">Travel pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_(luggage)" title="Trunk (luggage)">Trunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Postal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catcher_pouch" title="Catcher pouch">Catcher pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_bag" title="Mail bag">Mail bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_pouch" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail pouch">Mail pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail sack">Mail sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_satchel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail satchel">Mail satchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Express_mochila" title="Pony Express mochila">Mochila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padded_envelope" title="Padded envelope">Padded envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portmanteau_(mail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau (mail)">Portmanteau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Containers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antistatic_bag" title="Antistatic bag">Antistatic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag-in-box" title="Bag-in-box">Bag-in-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bin_bag" title="Bin bag">Bin bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_bag" title="Biodegradable bag">Biodegradable bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bota_bag" title="Bota bag">Bota bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_bag" title="Coffee bag">Coffee bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boil-in-bag" title="Boil-in-bag">Boil-in-bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_bladder" title="Fuel bladder">Fuel bladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashk" title="Mashk">Mashk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_bag" title="Milk bag">Milk bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">Packet (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_bag" title="Paper bag">Paper bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">Paper sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parfleche" title="Parfleche">Parfleche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_bag" title="Pastry bag">Pastry bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_bag" title="Pipe bag">Pipe bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">Plastic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_shopping_bag" title="Reusable shopping bag">Reusable shopping bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet" title="Sachet">Sachet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_bag" title="Shopping bag">Shopping bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_bag" title="Thermal bag">Thermal bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_pouch" title="Tobacco pouch">Tobacco pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Trash bag">Trash bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wineskin" title="Wineskin">Wineskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipper_storage_bag" title="Zipper storage bag">Zipper storage bag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">Purses/handbags</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayong" title="Bayong">Bayong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkin_bag" title="Birkin bag">Birkin bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_purse" title="Coin purse">Coin purse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening bag">Evening bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaji_bag" title="Gaji bag">Gaji bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gucci_Diana" title="Gucci Diana">Gucci Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">Handbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_bag" title="It bag">It bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_bag" title="Kelly bag">Kelly bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinchaku" title="Kinchaku">Kinchaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Dior" title="Lady Dior">Lady Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_bag" title="Messenger bag">Messenger bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaudi%C3%A8re" title="Minaudière">Minaudière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_bag" title="Money bag">Money bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticule_(handbag)" title="Reticule (handbag)">Reticule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tote_bag" title="Tote bag">Tote bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet" title="Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbag#Types_of_handbags" title="Handbag">Wristlet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_bag" title="Body bag">Body bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burn_bag" title="Burn bag">Burn bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_bedroll" title="Cowboy bedroll">Cowboy bedroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doggy_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Doggy bag">Doggy bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_bag" title="Dry bag">Dry bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_flight_bag" title="Electronic flight bag">Electronic flight bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedbag" title="Feedbag">Feedbag</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flour sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamow_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamow bag">Gamow bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunny_sack" title="Gunny sack">Gunny sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poop_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Poop bag">Poop bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandbag" title="Sandbag">Sandbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showbag" title="Showbag">Showbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickness_bag" title="Sickness bag">Sickness bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_bag" title="Sleeping bag">Sleeping bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuff_sack" title="Stuff sack">Stuff sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw_bag" title="Throw bag">Throw bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuckertute" title="Zuckertute">Zuckertüte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Packaging261" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Packaging" title="Template:Packaging"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Packaging" title="Template talk:Packaging"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Packaging" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Packaging"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Packaging261" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Packaging" title="Packaging">Packaging</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_packaging" title="Active packaging">Active packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child-resistant_packaging" title="Child-resistant packaging">Child-resistant packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_packager" title="Contract packager">Contract packager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edible_packaging" title="Edible packaging">Edible packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere/modified_humidity_packaging" title="Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging">Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpackaging" title="Overpackaging">Overpackaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_delivery" title="Package delivery">Package delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_pilferage" title="Package pilferage">Package pilferage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_testing" title="Package testing">Package testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_theft" title="Package theft">Package theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_engineering" title="Packaging engineering">Packaging engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resealable_packaging" title="Resealable packaging">Resealable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">Shelf life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf-ready_packaging" title="Shelf-ready packaging">Shelf-ready packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf-stable_food" title="Shelf-stable food">Shelf-stable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_technology" title="Tamper-evident technology">Tamper-evident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper resistance">Tamper resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_rage" title="Wrap rage">Wrap rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Product<br />packages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure" title="Alternative wine closure">Alternative wine closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_box" title="Ammunition box">Ammunition box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_box" title="Banana box">Banana box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bottle" title="Beer bottle">Beer bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_bag" title="Coffee bag">Coffee bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetic_packaging" title="Cosmetic packaging">Cosmetic packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_packaging" title="Currency packaging">Currency packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_food_packaging" title="Disposable food packaging">Disposable food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink_can" title="Drink can">Drink can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Egg carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_packaging" title="Evidence packaging">Evidence packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field ration</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flour sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">Foam food container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">Fuel container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">Gas cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_milk_bottle" title="Glass milk bottle">Glass milk bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growler_(jug)" title="Growler (jug)">Growler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juicebox_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juicebox (container)">Juicebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_plastic_water_bottle" title="Low plastic water bottle">Low plastic water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_packaging" title="Luxury packaging">Luxury packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_bag" title="Milk bag">Milk bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_packaging" title="Optical disc packaging">Optical disc packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_pail" title="Oyster pail">Oyster pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_popcorn" title="Microwave popcorn">Popcorn bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_packaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical packaging">Pharmaceutical packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_milk_container" title="Plastic milk container">Plastic milk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand bag">Sand bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_packaging" title="Seasonal packaging">Seasonal packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-heating_food_packaging" title="Self-heating food packaging">Self-heating food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-serve_coffee_container" title="Single-serve coffee container">Single-serve coffee container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_paint" title="Spray paint">Spray paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothpaste_pump_dispenser" title="Toothpaste pump dispenser">Toothpaste pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosage_form" title="Dosage form">Unit dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">Water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Container" title="Container">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol_spray_dispenser" title="Aerosol spray dispenser">Aerosol spray dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_bottle" title="Aluminium bottle">Aluminium bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminum_can" title="Aluminum can">Aluminum can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampoule" title="Ampoule">Ampoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antistatic_bag" title="Antistatic bag">Antistatic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag-in-box" title="Bag-in-box">Bag-in-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag" title="Bag">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel" title="Barrel">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_bag" title="Biodegradable bag">Biodegradable bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boil-in-bag" title="Boil-in-bag">Boil-in-bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle" title="Bottle">Bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box" title="Box">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_box" title="Bulk box">Bulk box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage" title="Cage">Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_(goods)" title="Case (goods)">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboy" title="Carboy">Carboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carton" title="Carton">Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chub_(container)" title="Chub (container)">Chub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">Clamshell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crate" title="Crate">Crate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_cup" title="Disposable cup">Disposable cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_(container)" title="Drum (container)">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endcap" title="Endcap">Endcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelope" title="Envelope">Envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_tank" title="Flexible tank">Flexible tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_carton" title="Folding carton">Folding carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_bottle" title="Glass bottle">Glass bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunny_sack" title="Gunny sack">Gunny sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhaler" title="Inhaler">Inhaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulated_shipping_container" title="Insulated shipping container">Insulated shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">Intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar" title="Jar">Jar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan">Jerrycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug" title="Jug">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keg" title="Keg">Keg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesh_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesh bag">Mesh bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilayered_packaging" title="Multilayered packaging">Multilayered packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pack" title="Multi-pack">Multi-pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">Packet (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padded_envelope" title="Padded envelope">Padded envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pail_(container)" title="Pail (container)">Pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_bag" title="Paper bag">Paper bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">Paper sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">Plastic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Plastic bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retort_pouch" title="Retort pouch">Retort pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_drum" title="Salvage drum">Salvage drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet" title="Sachet">Sachet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_sachet" title="Water sachet">Water sachet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_tube" title="Shipping tube">Shipping tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_pack" title="Skin pack">Skin pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_bottle" title="Spray bottle">Spray bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squround" title="Squround">Squround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_and_tin_cans" title="Steel and tin cans">Steel and tin cans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetra_Brik" title="Tetra Brik">Tetra Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_bag" title="Thermal bag">Thermal bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tub_(container)" title="Tub (container)">Tub (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_(container)" title="Tube (container)">Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_load" title="Unit load">Unit load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vial" title="Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_box" title="Wooden box">Wooden box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials<br />and<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">Aluminium foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bail_handle" title="Bail handle">Bail handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioplastic" title="Bioplastic">Bioplastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic" title="Biodegradable plastic">Biodegradable plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoPET" title="BoPET">BoPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_wrap" title="Bubble wrap">Bubble wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bung">Bung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane">Cellophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closure_(container)" title="Closure (container)">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coextrusion#Coextrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coextrusion">Coextrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_glass" title="Container glass">Container glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">Cushioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiccant" title="Desiccant">Desiccant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_seam" title="Double seam">Double seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-top" title="Flip-top">Flip-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">Foam peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gel_pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Gel pack">Gel pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Hot-melt adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity_indicator_card" title="Humidity indicator card">Humidity indicator card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label" title="Label">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lid" title="Lid">Lid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_low-density_polyethylene" title="Linear low-density polyethylene">Linear low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_packaging_board" title="Liquid packaging board">Liquid packaging board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_hinge" title="Living hinge">Living hinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">Low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_absorbent_pad" title="Meat absorbent pad">Meat absorbent pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallised_film" title="Metallised film">Metallised film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere" title="Modified atmosphere">Modified atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molded_pulp" title="Molded pulp">Molded pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric" title="Nonwoven fabric">Nonwoven fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwrap" title="Overwrap">Overwrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_scavenger" title="Oxygen scavenger">Oxygen scavenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_handle" title="Package handle">Package handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_gas" title="Packaging gas">Packaging gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet" title="Pallet">Pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_pallet" title="Paper pallet">Paper pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Plastic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pallet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic pallet">Plastic pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">Plastic wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">Pressure-sensitive tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_dispenser" title="Pump dispenser">Pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Security printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_tape" title="Security tape">Security tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_detector" title="Shock detector">Shock detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_vibration_data_logger" title="Shock and vibration data logger">Shock and vibration data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_wrap" title="Shrink wrap">Shrink wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_sheet" title="Slip sheet">Slip sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_(fastener)" title="Staple (fastener)">Staple (fastener)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapping" title="Strapping">Strapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretch_wrap" title="Stretch wrap">Stretch wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susceptor" title="Susceptor">Susceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_band" title="Tamper-evident band">Tamper-evident band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_tape" title="Tear tape">Tear tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature_data_logger" title="Temperature data logger">Temperature data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_temperature_indicator" title="Time temperature indicator">Time temperature indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinning" title="Tinning">Tinplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velostat" title="Velostat">Velostat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aseptic_processing" title="Aseptic processing">Aseptic processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_fill_seal" title="Blow fill seal">Blow fill seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converting" class="mw-redirect" title="Converting">Converting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_treatment" title="Corona treatment">Corona treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_coating" title="Curtain coating">Curtain coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_cutting_(web)" title="Die cutting (web)">Die cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_forming_(plastics)" title="Die forming (plastics)">Die forming (plastics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_article_surveillance" title="Electronic article surveillance">Electronic article surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion_coating" title="Extrusion coating">Extrusion coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_treatment" title="Flame treatment">Flame treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points" title="Hazard analysis and critical control points">Hazard analysis and critical control points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_seal" title="Hermetic seal">Hermetic seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_sealing" title="Induction sealing">Induction sealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamination" title="Lamination">Lamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">Molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_tracking" title="Package tracking">Package tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_extrusion" title="Plastic extrusion">Plastic extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_welding" title="Plastic welding">Plastic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Product development">Product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_control" title="Production control">Production control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">Quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_slitting" title="Roll slitting">Roll slitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearing_(manufacturing)" title="Shearing (manufacturing)">Shearing (manufacturing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoforming" title="Thermoforming">Thermoforming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_welding" title="Ultrasonic welding">Ultrasonic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_forming" title="Vacuum forming">Vacuum forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_packing" title="Vacuum packing">Vacuum packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">Verification and validation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottling_line" title="Bottling line">Bottling line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_seamer" title="Can seamer">Can seamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_torque_tester" title="Cap torque tester">Cap torque tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoning_machine" title="Cartoning machine">Cartoning machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_sealer" title="Case sealer">Case sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_weigher" title="Check weigher">Check weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_pump" title="Drum pump">Drum pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_core_stretch_wrapper" title="Extended core stretch wrapper">Extended core stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filler_(packaging)" title="Filler (packaging)">Filler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun">Heat gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_sealer" title="Heat sealer">Heat sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">Industrial robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_molding_machine" title="Injection molding machine">Injection molding machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_printer_applicator" title="Label printer applicator">Label printer applicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineshaft_roller_conveyor" title="Lineshaft roller conveyor">Lineshaft roller conveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_automation" title="Logistics automation">Logistics automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material-handling_equipment" title="Material-handling equipment">Material-handling equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_brake_stretch_wrapper" title="Mechanical brake stretch wrapper">Mechanical brake stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihead_weigher" title="Multihead weigher">Multihead weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_stretch_wrapper" title="Orbital stretch wrapper">Orbital stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_machinery" title="Packaging machinery">Packaging machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_inverter" title="Pallet inverter">Pallet inverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palletizer" title="Palletizer">Palletizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_wheel_blow_molding_systems" title="Rotary wheel blow molding systems">Rotary wheel blow molding systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed-counting_machine" title="Seed-counting machine">Seed-counting machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_tunnel" title="Shrink tunnel">Shrink tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_gun" title="Staple gun">Staple gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_dispenser" title="Tape dispenser">Tape dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntable_stretch_wrapper" title="Turntable stretch wrapper">Turntable stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_form_fill_sealing_machine" title="Vertical form fill sealing machine">Vertical form fill sealing machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment,<br />post-use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_collecting" title="Can collecting">Can collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed-loop_box_reuse" title="Closed-loop box reuse">Closed-loop box reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">Litter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">Packaging waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PET_bottle_recycling" title="PET bottle recycling">PET bottle recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable 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