CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134ee247821fce3',cH: 'YK8meJyaVXpNBdfbtSKEjTN987k8vSHhmP98SaKKnpw-1739786425-1.2.1.1-kxe3_xnyYeLi78iBwwmpeADUjgZdgeEj6qH1PvBUw6iLiNO0xh_y5vu8LfTWQpbw',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=IEEE%2014%20bus&__cf_chl_tk=Y451B77oSC_ug6SH52Stv5WTjiYbpIBc9CLo1nSEwio-1739786425-1.0.1.1-_RqK9Po33gFMtN_J3_UX_9WjiN17_hCHVOI7C0psDNE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786425',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=IEEE%2014%20bus&__cf_chl_f_tk=Y451B77oSC_ug6SH52Stv5WTjiYbpIBc9CLo1nSEwio-1739786425-1.0.1.1-_RqK9Po33gFMtN_J3_UX_9WjiN17_hCHVOI7C0psDNE",md: "ApXYoLJyMGWfLb3XvB8z49_A.ILMmQTvQ3MtCVG.O3I-1739786425-1.2.1.1-E0q8pmJmah3yzcn2OMVt5ILO2pm7FJtNC0rYF7WSGQs6x014J5oTL0AVKizqEtVrKE4X80h89rk8Ot866wag9crrXKrYAsBHERSIxPCdUq7xbDWPP2PuWL6wrT1oRawRRr3sEGJR6OGdu5Jsmc4_5EMhnVLw8lkelmtxkWoBJ0NaVVvRzutmzerrzsjmbbvkb3.b9FyigMR0IJpZWO6XSSHj4V5CatHnzHRQm05u45QLDWo9hyc.amZSNnmMN1iUs_7ewwb3aZfyF_v1fOulcNIlxzA001x19NV3avIO2flq3bbHOrvJ3ZY5hD7wWHJ.hONrOCNQU5a8zjxW7_rlXExgv1fHdPWBUsubled9zlB3X7Lj9tMRzlI4sMJXNxaoeJw7vzBZFtvVRaENKH0KAN6o_6DBp_ZBN5jnoyns9sj5m5wrVzZgV.hcvGlf7vpXYBbLh_j0iDfM636vCdYGSy7WXPSbj7Sjgu8gccnL6udFPiPVhkngeMOmZm7pQKP_3n4v9w8z0L_SoL3HIlf4sokjAooj1dAJW7HE9wINtdFTA9zlBIapmSx902gffEuQPUvQkAia4YIjodbQl2iovwjREhVqZ4mjJXMMi64PQhuB9Bv7kWFR46Ky50OaKkBus_qRFrmh43Vx69QswkwYyrgAsQx3AHvwFAias9KPKr87qytVJYXmcDrHv2R6RIonXVGjhEVcn2xVxn6Fhj2K6L2TCDSNITJPisZN4ygJF0S42idmSEtoL_KF2hS6laE_0iCWXAAKg4UeQeE9u7kKyrY76pj..m1tR3yWTc3UbNlOztpFiUfHwEo06xyhwRKYv7k7mOUhzFTotcJe8ClZUC9k0NF4Zu45t2KiVbOESe9DmCLGXW_xAiAVwpZUvUYuhncVPVBJdiShW3q8WH9lj4pYfCMt3QH4TU6kv6aekAabjehOUmauE.f8644nyon2n4ukpaBtGdIVpLRkDHX2yzRsNyiZnkVTYf2nU9mPBqOlkwwI4ocP3vVXgTxJrrgKA73G..1QuMiFltuD41wpBT1n.d5TToUVHaVVE2fU_9SYAezrrv8a3YBOWl9oED6cbiRrZ.aUhQWknEV.nJ2v0sYmppJIE_L3ZdnR2r1lI1BUIgMv4PEqz2gQeXDslWOKHhr2nMQCPuWWxf3nJmcAk2UK35U1NOFWzBsjUHCVSLOkHVHN0yvvj7y.4KwADaVpoHyhxxI0IdDvMuNN50Gci4jvinn4lw4T5VC1OldXGPy7rGF.4N7flTSwPVJ7EyIhKCrXJOtvHyNe47Kr8Ax5V6xdd8pzwJ5K3N0.8xXNvg87PswmFjU3oKFDIgQCncPamoO5WmFbfWBOSJTkALcUagySamf.V9kaR5.TvM0cIz2C75lq974psMXnvXKBnVdx7GWSqEtZq2G9RNxq4l2uBO6jnMbX5792fvw1iby1WShJPhvbeWA9nItiTv3L2os0X0k5iQ3msb7Eg23doe_6HDrvcOxZeSkTKOTY8mAde7jXrRmgmz3Z5JUvdwBkGkfE2mqdg5JWe1UH5nbmy49Pdse5L5nJ8yAr5O0XO73kXg2AxkOYvdVFpNgkFd1A9rHaN0_SLxKTX1m1k_LQwCWkjFIG1PHQf59nsYLpPCYkVNSskD5zdtJQmgBEV1NH3otJcLu9fq28rvr3jGqxErs1d4mvoXYC1FBe8RGAJmetmyWj2DZPMTvi7clmxJUTIk.pdA1nHYEygcspDmTH_enJ9O7y_B.dq1LRUOs7hxzcG7T1BDXnkhrMND.eJfjISyYHxaSmEbKnNTM33NrfAt4qbRsB.1i89Pr0jhqIXUqmEm3Si_p4je4ofgzuwINE30wSr_nIp7Jw_e9jNU8J4vpdUw6YdoEyY86FpBviVg9VehcRRkBCxpoaemSZ241rp1ebzW523INRxWC5Dd0DLRvjm3JYhVy3dNzrnwM0TbYCIuk",mdrd: "PYgAxI8taUBrRWeR4ADLsCxZZ9OR2_STP5CgNGEkALs-1739786425-1.2.1.1-WQubl9sfzMNtlF3.kIQ4sQFRSUGCBac7FSLoN6b1PYC9vo53eEo.EGVM2qftB61GE_ivkCWx_9Ske.eMx1nwty4Pwr2gsZEX5d.Bun76yt9TOwyEK8aaCZWwEX35Xzxsje7C0EvfHhHp9kV_psOyOAz1ngMHXKoGVpfhBGp_iaTKPcJJkskEvhU8hGEm5UvzS8QqD8Q8bRZRvhLDVpd2S3KrmK7zrMED0wnZdJeAi04NkhHL50zv0AzyaeR3.pLLoCJLtbs.UjQ3XSEC.XZMUrPK4xSx66hBTldkCNcuA5VoI2iVpxwB4W2ByzapJ1r9h6d5SwrrF2VOvrLmkUkf4vkQiL7Vs_EcFivG0mGdSY_7fGrmJBqABGDOGksSuWiNvoeatmC6WbeWJpsVqZJ4FhvHJ0RfiEYpGsuu5MuJJgIE9_q46Qcw7HBwoBYbkxoiT3SQbCzyQrmMBpvFgehs_B6i10S.n0yIBjXqADCVLWKsswfWynON422dVpLwHy7bYaHgGAGoMeJc5IdD.S4mUw9Mr9f9kap6AEympQFfQtubLXmAEDkFsFz18sAbxgOswJgaohYj5JxTX_i5QEi4qP6pEAigWsQPzZ2tCOElOw.vOL7MAl6sbVy.ITwiAgQXONWuTj1g1LT7ZSxFmL2QyZ5diqpKOmU5IvH1kXgrZEtepziOrmW3u0ijzPMtRre0.MC0CeF775eDCx7bpe1dlbHDml3xylpCZjgrBhTwRbIXnUIfQFedsPnGD2ojAvLZvu3nnRHPheNjGAbNQEEBXvcoMgIkotviH4E2RhbMz7Emx7xafS68Dhr59ZtyKJwDt.tRLWf7wEHj7qYIjzKAoRSHcI7C9zMow1PR_oGiIQwCSOKRNSm6lIhkiBZXAXF00j205G8BYDuK3e66eJ8jD_p0x.su5_gYUrfo7yUXGJpX3MiMRabVkmDMixn2qrK67ZFcax0W8SN030fCmVWjDmPqMbVMiEXn6u38.P_pnggtMgSfHX6h.eriUTFv.ZpqMzxuNuCNjfeljKeUbWoGZQoousYrylYyVvV61VrIvtZKiAzGOKMQMp9_ThNf9Ld9bniKTg3X8ypExR2FmsO4bKh.r0Bq0PRha76eKIqEQeqLaH.51bqZPF6BZsvD5SGvuYPrhvvn7CwF9KzO9YFTfZBX36o01a0D_ut2U9bYM8PJoW7HAdhaskzCzNvAi_OSztQ4AdCiul7ycDIrHMnL26Cco8zLIx4CLaAo_zsjGOefY2dy3UIwwU91qO4vMvCmM8O7H9wfkoMnDGcVRiBiFnJQF2dFGfvkJhQx3sD.fNqUKba5gPndaa6qIjOSMIn3IK.dTpwObTNXhhDVxEC1GWjT8nBpgrMqRxjKeLp1IcA6u6h0er9Be0DA8Z4tMzNAjY.SKS4rM1VvbNQJml2RoEdm44KrJOzvpunvt0if5VP1_4UrJAAlIMUQU45iTNj1R2H12eGWB.yKTALGSwsBHRtz6m3ygKFagHEg9BQ0u0Trey5m9Y7gQZyyySfsoYCu0An7vQsPkTzOfRlzRaKCrHLw8mIprC00Nct3ppf1ZMFe2N92MdugNf0qdHaDnRgGjKL1niO3QZVUU5zI8GyDmwC5IC0StS5V_ExbkhMy71JHrybHYXHjQLj6ngAOpv7hmKBI6hIk2uy1CqIZhO5Lj902irHYxtYot_rfaUm_Uy9z9MGnXCEqLN.gXHD12wh3PJ_fyDWboF79m.RA1qSPkSvNPb9YVzomQcjD8q0OrtJarB4xKSnH3jwpDKHvvMPIadNjHjs.XvMSecjBvxF68oegsSfyty585XSCqfGn6lZ6UjlAwdHMNSZyWK6Dj3pOu0gTajMg3TKedQniaQvxRgXRRICR4jVKENCW6zRcT9UifWlHh96g758gXJyg4qtNuSp7S9nqOFQwBP6oFzz2eyT3EL9Mbyyn26t6D5XEVt2hQJFQlWEOLU21X58x3D54FYHLuJ7FH0AXB3Abcf_l8A"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134ee247821fce3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=IEEE%2014%20bus&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Y451B77oSC_ug6SH52Stv5WTjiYbpIBc9CLo1nSEwio-1739786425-1.0.1.1-_RqK9Po33gFMtN_J3_UX_9WjiN17_hCHVOI7C0psDNE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>