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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Parlament" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Parlament" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Primers_parlaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primers_parlaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Primers parlaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primers_parlaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funcions_del_parlament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funcions_del_parlament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Funcions del parlament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funcions_del_parlament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistema_parlamentari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistema_parlamentari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sistema parlamentari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistema_parlamentari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dones_als_parlaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dones_als_parlaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dones als parlaments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dones_als_parlaments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Dones als parlaments</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dones_als_parlaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corts_Generals_a_Espanya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corts_Generals_a_Espanya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Corts Generals a Espanya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corts_Generals_a_Espanya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Parlament</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 122 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D" title="Хасэ - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Хасэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Parlement" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%93%E1%88%AD%E1%88%8B%E1%88%9B" title="ፓርላማ - amhàric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፓርላማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhàric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="برلمان - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برلمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="برلمان - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برلمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parllamentu" title="Parllamentu - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Parllamentu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парламент - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парламент" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парлямэнт - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Парлямэнт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumidi_omong" title="Kumidi omong - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kumidi omong" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парламент - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парламент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6" title="সংসদ - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সংসদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamant" title="Parlamant - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Parlamant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پەرلەمان - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەرلەمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Senedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κοινοβούλιο - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινοβούλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Parliament" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentu" title="Parlamentu - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Parlamentu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3" title="مجلس - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجلس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentti" title="Parlamentti - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Parlamentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ting" title="Ting - feroès" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ting" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parlement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement - Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Parlement" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlemint" title="Parlemint - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Parlemint" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlaimint" title="Parlaimint - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Parlaimint" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="議會 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="議會" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0rlamaid" title="Pàrlamaid - gaèlic escocès" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pàrlamaid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaèlic escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendota_at%C3%BDra_amandaje" title="Tendota atýra amandaje - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tendota atýra amandaje" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98" title="פרלמנט - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרלמנט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="संसद - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संसद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Խորհրդարան - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խորհրդարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlemen" title="Parlemen - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parlemen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="議会 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="議会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პარლამენტი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პარლამენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парламент - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Парламент" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81" title="ಸಂಸತ್ತು - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಂಸತ್ತು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="의회 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парламент - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Парламент" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamen" title="Parlamen - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Parlamen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парламент - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Парламент" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentum" title="Parlamentum - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Parlamentum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlemint" title="Parlemint - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Parlemint" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlam%C3%ABnt" title="Parlamënt - ladí" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Parlamënt" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palem%C3%A1" title="Palemá - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Palemá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentas" title="Parlamentas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Parlamentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlaments" title="Parlaments - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Parlaments" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenimiera" title="Antenimiera - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Antenimiera" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81remata" title="Pāremata - maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pāremata" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парламент - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парламент" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="संसद - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संसद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlimen" title="Parlimen - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parlimen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="संसद - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="संसद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Parlement" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parl%C3%A9ment" title="Parlément - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Parlément" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A6" title="ਸੰਸਦ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੰਸਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D9%B9" title="پارلیمنٹ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پارلیمنٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پارلمان - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پارلمان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimana_hu%C3%B1unakuy" title="Rimana huñunakuy - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rimana huñunakuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парламент - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парламент - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Парламент" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inteko_ishinga_amategeko" title="Inteko ishinga amategeko - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Inteko ishinga amategeko" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Түмэн - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түмэн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%BD" title="پارليامينٽ - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پارليامينٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="පාර්ලිමේන්තුව - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පාර්ලිමේන්තුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Parliament" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baarlamaan" title="Baarlamaan - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Baarlamaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvendi" title="Kuvendi - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kuvendi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Скупштина - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Скупштина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunge" title="Bunge - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bunge" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நாடாளுமன்றம் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாடாளுமன்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="పార్లమెంట్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పార్లమెంట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Порлумон - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Порлумон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐสภา - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐสภา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парламент - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парламент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پارلیمان - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پارلیمان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Parlament" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%8B_vi%E1%BB%87n" title="Nghị viện - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghị viện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5rlumint" title="Pårlumint - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pårlumint" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Parlamento" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="议会 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="议会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipalamente" title="Ipalamente - xosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ipalamente" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პარლამენტი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პარლამენტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98" title="פארלאמענט - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארלאמענט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%95%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="议会 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="议会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%AB-h%C5%8De" title="Gī-hōe - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gī-hōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="議會 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="議會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35749#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Parlament" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Parlament&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div 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id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Parlament"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Parlament" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Parlament" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&oldid=34474252" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Parlament&id=34474252&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FParlament"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FParlament"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Parlament"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Parlament&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Parliaments" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35749" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Parlament_de_Catalunya_fa%C3%A7ana.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Parlament_de_Catalunya_fa%C3%A7ana.JPG/220px-Parlament_de_Catalunya_fa%C3%A7ana.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Parlament_de_Catalunya_fa%C3%A7ana.JPG/330px-Parlament_de_Catalunya_fa%C3%A7ana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Parlament_de_Catalunya_fa%C3%A7ana.JPG/440px-Parlament_de_Catalunya_fa%C3%A7ana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Vista del <a href="/wiki/Parlament_de_Catalunya" title="Parlament de Catalunya">Parlament de Catalunya</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>parlament</b>, o <b>assemblea legislativa</b>, és una assemblea de persones que exerceixen el <a href="/wiki/Poder_legislatiu" title="Poder legislatiu">poder legislatiu</a> i que controlen els actes del govern sota el <a href="/wiki/Sistema_de_Westminster" title="Sistema de Westminster">model de Westminster</a> o <a href="/wiki/Sistema_parlamentari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema parlamentari">parlamentari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Té el seu origen en la revolució anglesa de <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>, amb la qual s'inicià la decadència de l'<a href="/wiki/Absolutisme" title="Absolutisme">absolutisme</a> europeu i l'aparició d'una branca del govern que representava al poble. </p><p>Encara que els parlaments són <a href="/wiki/Cos_legislatiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cos legislatiu">cossos legislatius</a>, no tots els cossos legislatius es coneixen com a «parlaments», sinó tan sols aquells que operen sota un sistema parlamentari de govern en què l'<a href="/wiki/Poder_executiu" title="Poder executiu">executiu</a> és responsable de totes les seves accions davant el parlament. En els <a href="/wiki/Sistema_presidencialista" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema presidencialista">sistemes presidencialistes</a>, per contra, la <a href="/wiki/Separaci%C3%B3_de_poders" title="Separació de poders">separació de poders</a> és estricta: el cap de l'executiu no prové ni és designat pel parlament. Els <a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A9s" title="Congrés">congressos</a> no elegeixen ni destitueixen els <a href="/wiki/Cap_de_govern" title="Cap de govern">caps de govern</a> i aquests no poden dissoldre el congrés, com és el cas en els sistemes parlamentaris. </p><p>Els parlaments poden ser compostos per una o més cambres, encara que la majoria dels parlaments del món són bicamerals. La cambra baixa dels parlaments sovint és la més poderosa, de la qual s'origina el govern, mentre que la cambra alta és una assemblea de revisió i aprovació, o fins i tot només cerimonial sense cap funció de govern real. En els sistemes congressuals, per contra, ambdues cambres són iguals en poder però difereixen en llurs funcions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primers_parlaments">Primers parlaments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Primers parlaments"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Des de l'antiguitat, quan les societats eren tribals, hi havia consells o un cap les decisions dels quals eren avaluades pels ancians del poble. Això s'anomena <a href="/wiki/Tribalisme" title="Tribalisme">tribalisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alguns estudiosos suggereixen que a l'antiga <a href="/wiki/Mesopot%C3%A0mia" title="Mesopotàmia">Mesopotàmia</a> hi havia un govern democràtic primitiu on els reis eren avaluats pel consell.[10] El mateix s'ha dit de l'antiga Índia, on existia alguna forma d'assemblees deliberatives i, per tant, hi havia alguna forma de <a href="/wiki/Democr%C3%A0cia" title="Democràcia">democràcia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanmateix, aquestes afirmacions no són acceptades per altres estudiosos, que veuen aquestes formes de govern com a <a href="/wiki/Oligarquies" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligarquies">oligarquies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Antiga_Atenes" title="Antiga Atenes">antiga Atenes</a> va ser el bressol de la democràcia.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'<a href="/wiki/Ekklesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekklesia">assemblea atenesa</a> (<i>ἐκκλησία, ekklesia</i>) era la institució més important, i cada ciutadà lliure podia participar en les discussions. Els esclaus i les dones no podien. Tanmateix, la democràcia atenesa no era representativa, sinó directa i, per tant, l'<i>ekklesia</i> era diferent del sistema parlamentari. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana">República Romana</a> tenia assemblees legislatives, que tenien l'última paraula pel que fa a l'elecció de magistrats, la promulgació de nous estatuts, l'execució de la pena capital, la declaració de guerra i pau i la creació (o dissolució) d'aliances.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El <a href="/wiki/Senat_rom%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Senat romà">Senat romà</a> controlava els diners, l'administració i els detalls de la política exterior.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alguns estudiosos musulmans argumenten que la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shura (encara no existeix)">shura</a> islàmica (un mètode per prendre decisions a les societats islàmiques) és anàloga al parlament.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No obstant això, altres estudiosos (sobretot de <a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a>) destaquen el que consideren diferències fonamentals entre el sistema shura i el sistema parlamentari.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funcions_del_parlament">Funcions del parlament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Funcions del parlament"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El parlament té atribuïdes diverses funcions als diferents països,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encara que és possible precisar una sèrie de prerrogatives comunes a la majoria i enumerar-ne d'altres que li corresponen segons es tracti d'un sistema polític parlamentari o presidencialista. </p><p>En general, correspon al parlament a la majoria dels països: </p> <ul><li>L'elaboració i l'aprovació de les lleis.</li> <li>L'elecció dels integrants del Poder Executiu o almenys la fiscalització de la seva acció.</li> <li>L'orientació de la política pública i de les línies d'actuació de l'Estat.</li> <li>La integració d'altres òrgans constitucionals.</li></ul> <p>Al sistema parlamentari, els integrants del Govern mantenen els càrrecs només mentre conservin la confiança del parlament, o el seu cas d'una de les Cambres d'aquest. El cap del Govern i els altres membres del mateix solen ser nomenats pel cap de l'Estat, sigui un monarca o un president, però depenen del parlament, davant del qual responen de la seva gestió política. En aquests casos, el parlament disposa de dispositius constitucionals per enderrocar el Govern, com l'adopció d'una moció de censura o la desaprovació d'una qüestió de confiança plantejada per l'Executiu. </p><p>Al sistema presidencialista, els integrants del Govern no són elegits pel parlament, però en molts casos el president només pot nomenar per a l'Executiu persones que el parlament o una de les seves Cambres aprovi mitjançant una majoria determinada, i en pràcticament tots els països el parlament té l'opció de processar i sentenciar els funcionaris públics, inclòs el president de la República, un procediment anomenat judici polític que pot concloure amb la destitució i la inhabilitació de l'acusat. L'acusat s'ha de retractar dels seus actes públicament al consell o un tribunal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistema_parlamentari">Sistema parlamentari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Sistema parlamentari"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Unibicameral_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Unibicameral_Map.svg/350px-Unibicameral_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Unibicameral_Map.svg/525px-Unibicameral_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Unibicameral_Map.svg/700px-Unibicameral_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26476043">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#37abc8; color:black;"> </span> Nacions amb una legislatura bicameral.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff9955; color:black;"> </span> Nacions amb una legislatura unicameral</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;"> </span> Nacions sense legislatura.</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Molts parlaments formen part d'un sistema de govern parlamentari, en el qual l'executiu és constitucionalment responsable davant el parlament des del moment genètic del naixement del Govern (<a href="/wiki/Moci%C3%B3_de_confian%C3%A7a" title="Moció de confiança">moció de confiança</a>), fins al moment final de la seva terminació (<a href="/wiki/Moci%C3%B3_de_censura" title="Moció de censura">moció de censura</a>), a través de tots els compromisos que de tant en tant es poden afegir al contracte de govern mitjançant mocions i resolucions.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alguns restringeixen l'ús de la paraula parlament als sistemes parlamentaris, mentre que altres utilitzen la paraula per a qualsevol cos legislatiu electe. Els parlaments solen estar formats per cambres o cases, i solen ser bicamerals o unicamerals encara que existeixen models més complexos, o han existit. </p><p>En alguns sistemes parlamentaris, el primer ministre és membre del parlament (per exemple, al <a href="/wiki/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit">Regne Unit</a>), mentre que en altres no ho és (per exemple, als <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Països Baixos">Països Baixos</a>). Normalment són el líder del partit majoritari a la cambra baixa del parlament, però només ocupen el càrrec sempre que es mantingui la "confiança de la cambra". Si els membres de la cambra baixa perden la fe en el líder per qualsevol motiu, poden convocar un vot de censura i obligar el primer ministre a dimitir. </p><p>Això pot ser especialment perillós per a un govern quan la distribució dels escons entre els diferents partits és relativament uniforme, en aquest cas sovint es convoca una nova elecció poc després. No obstant això, en cas de descontentament general amb el cap de govern, la seva substitució es pot fer de manera molt fluida sense totes les complicacions que suposa en el cas d'un sistema presidencial. </p><p>El sistema parlamentari es pot contrastar amb un <a href="/wiki/Sistema_presidencial" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema presidencial">sistema presidencial</a>, com el sistema del congrés nord-americà, que funciona sota una separació de poders més estricta, per la qual l'executiu no forma part ni és nomenat per l'òrgan parlamentari o legislatiu. En aquest sistema, els congressos no seleccionen ni destitueixen caps de govern, i els governs no poden demanar una dissolució anticipada com pot ser el cas dels parlaments. Alguns estats, com França, tenen un sistema semipresidencial que es troba entre els sistemes parlamentaris i del Congrés, combinant un poderós cap d'estat (president) amb un cap de govern, el primer ministre, que és responsable davant el parlament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dones_als_parlaments">Dones als parlaments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Dones als parlaments"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Països amb més d'un percentatge específic de dones al parlament a partir del 2017</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:10%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Més d'un 10%[21]"><img alt="Més d'un 10%[21]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/10%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg/230px-10%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/10%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg/345px-10%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/10%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg/460px-10%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Més d'un 10%<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:20%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Més d'un 20%[22]"><img alt="Més d'un 20%[22]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/20%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg/230px-20%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/20%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg/345px-20%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/20%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg/460px-20%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Més d'un 20%<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:30%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Més d'un 30%[23]"><img alt="Més d'un 30%[23]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/30%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg/230px-30%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/30%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg/345px-30%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/30%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg/460px-30%25_Share_of_women_in_parliament%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Més d'un 30%<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corts_Generals_a_Espanya">Corts Generals a Espanya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Corts Generals a Espanya"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Corts_Generals" title="Corts Generals">Corts Generals</a></div> <p>La forma política de l'<a href="/wiki/Estat_espanyol" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat espanyol">Estat espanyol</a> és la monarquia parlamentària, on el parlament rep la denominació històrica de Corts Generals. A l'article 66 de la Constitució vigent queden configurades com a representants del poble espanyol, amb funcions com la legislativa, la pressupostària i el control del <a href="/wiki/Govern_d%27Espanya" title="Govern d'Espanya">govern</a>. A més també tenen altres competències que li atribueixi la Constitució, com les relatives a la corona, el govern, declaració d'<a href="/wiki/Estat_d%27alarma,_excepci%C3%B3_i_setge_(Estat_espanyol)" title="Estat d'alarma, excepció i setge (Estat espanyol)">estats alarma</a>, autoritzar obligacions internacionals assumides per l'Estat, així com proposar el <a href="/wiki/Defensor_del_Poble_(Espanya)" title="Defensor del Poble (Espanya)">Defensor del Poble</a>, vuit magistrats del <a href="/wiki/Tribunal_Constitucional_d%27Espanya" title="Tribunal Constitucional d'Espanya">Tribunal Constitucional</a> i els vocals del <a href="/wiki/Consell_General_del_Poder_Judicial" title="Consell General del Poder Judicial">Consell General del Poder Judicial</a>, entre d'altres.<sup id="cite_ref-Satrústegui_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Satrústegui-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La primera característica de les Corts Generals és la seva composició bicameral, la Constitució disposa que les Corts estan formades pel <a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A9s_dels_Diputats" title="Congrés dels Diputats">Congrés</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Senat_d%27Espanya" title="Senat d'Espanya">Senat</a>. Aquest bicameralisme és asimètric desigual, perquè les dues cambres tenen assignades competències en exclusiva i en les que l'altra cambra no té participació. És el cas del Congrés, amb la investidura del president del Govern (article 99 de la Constitució), o la retirada, en el seu cas amb la qüestió de confiança, la convalidació de decrets llei (article 113 de la Constitució). El Senat ha d'autoritzar les mesures adoptades pel Govern central per obligar a una <a href="/wiki/Comunitat_aut%C3%B2noma" title="Comunitat autònoma">comunitat autònoma</a> a complir les obligacions constitucionals o legals sense intervenció del Congrés (article 155.1 de la Constitució). La posició constitucional del Congrés i del Senat no són doncs equivalents ni semblants, queda reflectit en l'exercici d'una de les funcions compartides, com el cas de la legislativa, on el Congrés té la facultat de decisió per acceptar o refusar les esmenes del Senat.<sup id="cite_ref-Satrústegui_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Satrústegui-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El mateix ordenament constitucional recull principis que limiten l'actuació del Parlament. A Espanya, segons l'article 1.2 de la Constitució, la sobirania resideix en el poble<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i no en les Corts Generals que són els seus representants. Això limita i acota els casos de reforma constitucional, determinats Estatuts d'Autonomia i a més hi ha el Tribunal Constitucional amb la missió de verificar l'adequació a la Constitució de la potestat legislativa que tenen les Corts. El funcionament intern de les cambres parlamentàries segueix el model d'agrupació de grups parlamentaris emanats dels partits polítics i no pas dels diputats o senadors individualment considerats.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/parlament-0">parlament | enciclopedia.cat</a>». [Consulta: 21 febrer 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Parliament">Parliament | History, Structure & Powers | Britannica</a>» (en anglès), 11-02-2024. [Consulta: 21 febrer 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/parlamento/,%20https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/parlamento/">Parlamento - Treccani</a>» (en italià). [Consulta: 21 febrer 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFManager2020"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Manager</span>, Web. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.act.gov.au/visit-and-learn/resources/factsheets/the-westminster-system">The Westminster system</a>» (en anglès), 10-01-2020. [Consulta: 21 febrer 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/467746/political-system">Political System</a> Encyclopædia Britannica Online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_W._Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric W. Robinson (encara no existeix)">Robinson, E. W.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=T1kfcobFRSMC">The First Democracies: Early Popular Government Outside Athens</a>. Franz Steiner Verlag. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/3-515-06951-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/3-515-06951-8">ISBN 3-515-06951-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bailkey, N. (July 1967). "Early Mesopotamian Constitutional Development". American History Review 72 (4): 1211–1236. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1847791">10.2307/1847791</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1847791">1847791</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Larsen, J.A.O. (Jan. 1973). "Demokratia". Classical Philology 68 (1): 45–46. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F365921">10.1086/365921</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/268788">268788</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">de Sainte, C.G.E.M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=LkYIAAAAIAAJ">The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World</a>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-8014-1442-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-8014-1442-3">ISBN 0-8014-1442-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bongard-Levin, G.M. (1986). A complex study of Ancient India. South Asia Books. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/81-202-0141-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/81-202-0141-8">ISBN 81-202-0141-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharma, J.P. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=sQKNAAAAMAAJ">Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India</a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDunn2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Dunn</span>, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=ccoOfhyjFNEC&q=athens"><i>John Dunn:<i>Democracy: A History</i>, p.24</i></a>.  Atlantic Monthly Press, 2005. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780871139313" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780871139313">ISBN 9780871139313</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Dunn%3A%27%27Democracy%3A+A+History%27%27%2C+p.24&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Atlantic+Monthly+Press&rft.isbn=9780871139313&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DccoOfhyjFNEC%26q%3Dathens"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abbott, Frank Frost (1901). A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions. Elibron Classics. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-543-92749-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-543-92749-0">ISBN 0-543-92749-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Byrd, Robert (1995). The Senate of the Roman Republic. US Government Printing Office Senate Document 103–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alhewar.com/SadekShura.htm">The Shura Principle in Islam – by Sadek Sulaiman</a>». <i>alhewar.com</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hizb-ut-tahrir.org/PDF/EN/en_books_pdf/system_of_islam.pdf"><i>The System of Islam, (Nidham ul Islam)</i> by Taqiuddin an-Nabhani</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913210035/http://www.hizb-ut-tahrir.org/PDF/EN/en_books_pdf/system_of_islam.pdf">Arxivat</a> 13 September 2022 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Al-Khilafa Publications, 1423 AH – 2002 CE, p.61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hizb-ut-tahrir.org/PDF/EN/en_books_pdf/system_of_islam.pdf"><i>The System of Islam</i>, by Taqiuddin an-Nabhani</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913210035/http://www.hizb-ut-tahrir.org/PDF/EN/en_books_pdf/system_of_islam.pdf">Arxivat</a> 13 September 2022 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., p.39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijtihad.org/shura.htm">Shura and Democracy</a>». <i>ijtihad.org</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Canelas Zeraín, Gustavo. 2011. Manual de derecho parlamentario : contiene historia, doctrina y derecho comparado / Gustavo Canelas Zeraín. n.p.: La Paz, Bolivia : Editorial Jurídica Temis, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">For the latter instruments see Giampiero Buonomo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questionegiustizia.it/data/doc/2982/163358983718572.pdf"><i>La crescente procedimentalizzazione dell’atto parlamentare di indirizzo politico</i></a>, Questione giustizia, 7 ottobre 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215220926/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/10-share-of-women-in-parliament">10% Share of women in parliament</a>». <i>Our World in Data</i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/10-share-of-women-in-parliament">original</a> el 15 February 2020. [Consulta: 15 febrer 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215220922/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/20-share-of-women-in-parliament">20% Share of women in parliament</a>». <i>Our World in Data</i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/20-share-of-women-in-parliament">original</a> el 15 February 2020. [Consulta: 15 febrer 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215220928/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/30-share-of-women-in-parliament">30% Share of women in parliament</a>». <i>Our World in Data</i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/30-share-of-women-in-parliament">original</a> el 15 February 2020. [Consulta: 15 febrer 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Satrústegui-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Satrústegui_24-0">24,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Satrústegui_24-1">24,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSatrústeguiLópez_Guerra2018"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Satrústegui</span>, Miguel; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">López Guerra</span>, Luis. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://editorial.tirant.com/es/libro/manual-de-derecho-constitucional-volumen-ii-la-organizacion-de-los-poderes-estado-y-comunidades-autonomas-luis-lopez-guerra-9788411472890">Manual de Derecho Constitucional Volumen II. La organización de los poderes Estado y Comunidades AutónomasTirant lo Blanch - Editorial Tirant Lo Blanch</a>», 2018. [Consulta: 12 abril 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCalvo2014"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Calvo</span>, Alberto Pérez. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=7FGoBQAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA158&dq=soberania+reside+en+el+pueblo+espa%C3%B1ol&hl=ca"><i>El Estado constitucional español</i></a> (en castellà).  Editorial Reus, 2014. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-290-1805-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-290-1805-9">ISBN 978-84-290-1805-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Estado+constitucional+espa%C3%B1ol&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=Alberto+P%C3%A9rez&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.pub=Editorial+Reus&rft.isbn=978-84-290-1805-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7FGoBQAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26pg%3DPA158%26dq%3Dsoberania%2Breside%2Ben%2Bel%2Bpueblo%2Bespa%25C3%25B1ol%26hl%3Dca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJoséMario2022"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">José</span>, Tudela; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mario</span>, Kölling. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=RsysEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA235&dq=model+agrupaci%C3%B3n+parlamentaria&hl=ca"><i>Calidad democrática y Parlamento</i></a> (en castellà).  Marcial Pons, 2022-11-01. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-1381-544-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-1381-544-2">ISBN 978-84-1381-544-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calidad+democr%C3%A1tica+y+Parlamento&rft.aulast=Jos%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Tudela&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft.pub=Marcial+Pons&rft.isbn=978-84-1381-544-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRsysEAAAQBAJ%26newbks%3D0%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26pg%3DPA235%26dq%3Dmodel%2Bagrupaci%25C3%25B3n%2Bparlamentaria%26hl%3Dca"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlament&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corts_Valencianes" title="Corts Valencianes">Corts Valencianes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llista_de_legislatures_per_pa%C3%AFsos" title="Llista de legislatures per països">Llista de legislatures per països</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlament_de_Catalunya" title="Parlament de Catalunya">Parlament de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlament_de_les_Illes_Balears" title="Parlament de les Illes Balears">Parlament de les Illes Balears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlament_Europeu" title="Parlament Europeu">Parlament Europeu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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