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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fireworks_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fireworks_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Fireworks industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fireworks_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Industrial districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biopharmaceutical_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biopharmaceutical_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Biopharmaceutical industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biopharmaceutical_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_resources_and_special_local_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_resources_and_special_local_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Natural resources and special local products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_resources_and_special_local_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture and tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expressway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expressway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Expressway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expressway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Highway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Highway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>National Highway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Highway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial_Highway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_Highway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Provincial Highway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_Highway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%BB-i%C3%B4ng-chh%C4%AB" title="Liû-iông-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Liû-iông-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang_Shi_(gatos_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Liuyang Shi (gatos sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Liuyang Shi (gatos sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%8F%E9%99%BD" title="瀏陽 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="瀏陽" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%B9-y%C3%B2ng-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Liù-yòng-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Liù-yòng-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%98%EC%96%91%EC%8B%9C" title="류양시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="류양시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang_(stad)" title="Liuyang (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liuyang (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%8F%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%82" title="瀏陽市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="瀏陽市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Люян – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Люян" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liuyang" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C6%B0u_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Lưu Dương – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lưu Dương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8F%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="浏阳市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="浏阳市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%80%8F%E9%99%BD" title="瀏陽 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瀏陽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8F%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="浏阳市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="浏阳市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1025444#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Liuyang" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Liuyang&params=28.1637_N_113.6433_E_type:adm3rd_region:CN-43_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°09′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">113°38′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.1637°N 113.6433°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.1637; 113.6433</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yang_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Liu Yang (disambiguation)">Liu Yang (disambiguation)</a></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">County-level city in Hunan, People's Republic of China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Liuyang</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh-Hans">浏阳市</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liuyang_Panorama.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Liuyang Panorama"><img alt="Liuyang Panorama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Liuyang_Panorama.png/320px-Liuyang_Panorama.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Liuyang_Panorama.png/480px-Liuyang_Panorama.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Liuyang_Panorama.png/640px-Liuyang_Panorama.png 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="414" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Liuyang Panorama</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChinaChangshaLiuyang.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Liuyang City within Changsha"><img alt="Location of Liuyang City within Changsha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ChinaChangshaLiuyang.png/250px-ChinaChangshaLiuyang.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ChinaChangshaLiuyang.png/375px-ChinaChangshaLiuyang.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ChinaChangshaLiuyang.png/500px-ChinaChangshaLiuyang.png 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="1060" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Liuyang City within Changsha</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liuyang is located in Hunan"><img alt="Liuyang is located in Hunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg/250px-Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg/375px-Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg/500px-Location_map_China_Hunan_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="716" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.861%;left:86.022%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Liuyang"><img alt="Liuyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Liuyang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of downtown in Hunan</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Liuyang government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Liuyang&params=28.1637_N_113.6433_E_type:adm3rd_region:CN-43_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°09′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">113°38′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.1637°N 113.6433°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.1637; 113.6433</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Province_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province (China)">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guankou,_Liuyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Guankou, Liuyang">Guankou</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,008 km<sup>2</sup> (1,934 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CUCSY_2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CUCSY_2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">27.90 km<sup>2</sup> (10.77 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2010)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,278,928</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2017)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,515,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">260/km<sup>2</sup> (660/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CUCSY_2017_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CUCSY_2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">260,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0731</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liuyang.gov.cn">liuyang<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chrysanthemum_Stone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Chrysanthemum_Stone.jpg/220px-Chrysanthemum_Stone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Chrysanthemum_Stone.jpg/330px-Chrysanthemum_Stone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Chrysanthemum_Stone.jpg/440px-Chrysanthemum_Stone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1507" /></a><figcaption>Chrysanthemum Stone (<a href="/wiki/Celestine_(mineral)" title="Celestine (mineral)">celestine</a> in limestone) from Liuyang</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Liuyang</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">浏阳</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">瀏陽</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Liúyáng</span></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_County-level_divisions_of_Hunan_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of County-level divisions of Hunan by population">most populous</a> and the easternmost county-level division of <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan Province</a>, China; it is under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a>, the provincial capital. Located on the northeastern margin of Hunan, the city is bordered to the north by <a href="/wiki/Pingjiang_County" title="Pingjiang County">Pingjiang County</a>, to the west by <a href="/wiki/Changsha_County" title="Changsha County">Changsha County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuhua_District,_Changsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhua District, Changsha">Yuhua District</a>, to the south by <a href="/wiki/Shifeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shifeng District">Shifeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hetang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetang District">Hetang Districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling City</a>, to the southeast and the east by <a href="/wiki/Yuanzhou_District,_Yichun" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuanzhou District, Yichun">Yuanzhou District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shangli_County" title="Shangli County">Shangli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wanzai_County" title="Wanzai County">Wanzai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonggu_County" title="Tonggu County">Tonggu Counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>. Liuyang City covers 4,997.35 km<sup>2</sup> (1,929.49 sq mi) with registered population of 1,453,246 and resident population of 1,297,700 (as of 2014).<sup id="cite_ref-Year2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Year2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has four <a href="/wiki/Subdistricts_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdistricts of China">subdistricts</a>, 26 <a href="/wiki/Towns_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Towns of China">towns</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Townships of China">townships</a> under its jurisdiction, its jurisdiction, its <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative centre</a> is at <a href="/wiki/Guankou,_Liuyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Guankou, Liuyang">Guankou Subdistrict</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">关口街道</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-divison2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divison2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gejia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gejia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liuyang is home to the <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a> with a population of more than 200,000, who immigrated here from <a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> or <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> in later <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the richest counties and county-level cities in tourism resources. As it was a <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_base_area" title="Revolutionary base area">revolutionary base area</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a>, there are many <a href="/wiki/Red_tourism" title="Red tourism">red tourism</a> attractions and former residences of famous figures. </p><p>Liuyang is one of the most developed counties and county-level cities, it is one of the best developed manufacturing counties and county-level cities in the province, the <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing industry</a> is its economic pillar. Liuyang's manufacturing engines are electronic and information, <a href="/wiki/Biomedicine" title="Biomedicine">biomedicine</a>, machinery manufacture, fireworks and firecrackers, food and beverage, materials and energy, furniture and decoration. For example, the gross domestic product of Liuyang in 2015 was CN¥111.28 billion (US$17.87 billion). Of this total, the value added of the manufacturing industry was CN¥71.37 billion (US$11.46 billion), shares 64.14 percentage of its GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-economy2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economy2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Firecrackers" class="mw-redirect" title="Firecrackers">firecrackers</a> have being been its traditional industry. </p><p>Fireworks and <a href="/wiki/Firecrackers" class="mw-redirect" title="Firecrackers">firecrackers</a> originated in Liuyang and it has always been the centre of fireworks production in China, spanning more than 1,400 years.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fireworks sales by Liuyang account for about half of China's gross sales of CN¥ 29.41 billion (US$4.34 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (October 2018)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liuyang is also home of the International Fireworks Association. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to historical relics discovered in Yong’an Middle School's construction site in 1991, in the Old Stone Age, there were people living in Liuyang. In the eastern Han dynasty (in 209 AD), Liuyang was established as a county, and its government was located in Juling (now the northern Guandu). In the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, the government was moved to Huaichuan (now the Huaichuan Street), and in the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (in 1295 AD), the government was moved back to Juling, and Liuyang became a “state”. In the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (in 1369 AD), Liuyang was degraded as a county, and its government was moved to Huaichuan again. In the eastern Han dynasty, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Quan" title="Sun Quan">Sun Quan</a> set Liuyang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">刘阳</span></span>). In the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a>-Wu, Liuyang belonged to Changsha Prefecture. In the Liu Song period of Southern Dynasties, the name was changed from Liuyang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">刘阳</span></span>) to Liuyang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">浏阳</span></span>), and the new name is used until now. In the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a>, Liuyang was merged into Changsha, and in the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (in 708 AD) Liuyang was established as a county again. In the Sui dynasty and the Tang dynasty, Liuyang belonged to Tanzhou. In the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, Liuyang belonged to Changsha. In the 26th reign year of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (in 1937 AD), Liuyang belonged to the First District, Hunan Province Chief Inspector's Office. In 1949, the First District, Hunan Province Chief Inspector's Office, was renamed as Changsha prefecture. In 1952, Changsha prefecture was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a> prefecture, and Liuyang belonged to Xiangtan prefecture (later, it was called Xiangtan area). In February, 1983, Xiangtan area was cancelled, and Liuyang was attributed to Changsha city. On 16 January 1993, Liuyang was not a county any more, and it becomes a county-level city, called Liuyang city. In September 1927 <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> assembled Left-Kuomintang troops here, in the town of Wenjiashi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">文家市</span></span>) on the Jiangxi border, for the Com-Intern-planned seizure of Changsha, the provincial capital, 100 km to the west. Mao led the troops 170 km south into the Jinggang Mountains. Half a year later, he was joined there by the troops of <a href="/wiki/Zhu_De" title="Zhu De">Zhu De</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1010px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liuyang_City1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Liuyang in 2014."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Liuyang_City1.jpg/1000px-Liuyang_City1.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Liuyang_City1.jpg/1500px-Liuyang_City1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Liuyang_City1.jpg/2000px-Liuyang_City1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5883" data-file-height="1697" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Liuyang_City1.jpg" title="File:Liuyang City1.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of Liuyang in 2014.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After an adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Liuyang on 18 November 2015<sup id="cite_ref-divison2015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divison2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Gejia Township was reformed as a town in the same year,<sup id="cite_ref-Gejia_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gejia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jiaoxi Township also was reformed in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, Liuyang City has four subdistricts, 27 towns and one township under its jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <dl><dt>1 township</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiaohe,_Liuyang" title="Xiaohe, Liuyang">Xiaohe, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">小河乡</span></span>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>27 towns</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijia,_Liuyang" title="Baijia, Liuyang">Baijia, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">柏加镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beisheng,_Liuyang" title="Beisheng, Liuyang">Beisheng, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">北盛镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengchong,_Liuyang" title="Chengchong, Liuyang">Chengchong, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">枨冲镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengtanjiang,_Liuyang" title="Chengtanjiang, Liuyang">Chengtanjiang, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">澄潭江镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunkou,_Liuyang" title="Chunkou, Liuyang">Chunkou, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">淳口镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahu,_Liuyang" title="Dahu, Liuyang">Dahu, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">达浒镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daweishan" title="Daweishan">Daweishan</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">大围山镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayao,_Liuyang" title="Dayao, Liuyang">Dayao, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">大瑶镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang,_Liuyang" title="Dongyang, Liuyang">Dongyang, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">洞阳镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping,_Liuyang" title="Gaoping, Liuyang">Gaoping, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">高坪镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejia,_Liuyang" title="Gejia, Liuyang">Gejia, Liuyang</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gejia_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gejia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">葛家镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guandu,_Liuyang" title="Guandu, Liuyang">Guandu, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">官渡镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanqiao,_Liuyang" title="Guanqiao, Liuyang">Guanqiao, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">官桥镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugang,_Liuyang" title="Gugang, Liuyang">Gugang, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">古港镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingang,_Liuyang" title="Jingang, Liuyang">Jingang, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">金刚镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfu,_Liuyang" title="Longfu, Liuyang">Longfu, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">龙伏镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puji,_Liuyang" title="Puji, Liuyang">Puji, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">普迹镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi,_Liuyang" title="Shashi, Liuyang">Shashi, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沙市镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shegang,_Liuyang" title="Shegang, Liuyang">Shegang, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">社港镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenjiashi" title="Wenjiashi">Wenjiashi</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">文家市镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanxi,_Liuyang" title="Yanxi, Liuyang">Yanxi, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沿溪镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an,_Liuyang" title="Yong'an, Liuyang">Yong'an, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">永安镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonghe,_Liuyang" title="Yonghe, Liuyang">Yonghe, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">永和镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangfang,_Liuyang" title="Zhangfang, Liuyang">Zhangfang, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">张坊镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhentou,_Liuyang" title="Zhentou, Liuyang">Zhentou, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">镇头镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhonghe,_Liuyang" title="Zhonghe, Liuyang">Zhonghe, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中和镇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaoxi,_Liuyang" title="Jiaoxi, Liuyang">Jiaoxi, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">蕉溪镇</span></span>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>4 subdistricts</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guankou,_Liuyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Guankou, Liuyang">Guankou, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">关口街道</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hehua,_Liuyang" title="Hehua, Liuyang">Hehua, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">荷花街道</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaichuan,_Liuyang" title="Huaichuan, Liuyang">Huaichuan, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">淮川街道</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jili,_Liuyang" title="Jili, Liuyang">Jili, Liuyang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">集里街道</span></span>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liuyang is located in the northeast of Hunan province, and it is in the upstream regions of the <a href="/wiki/Liuyang_River" title="Liuyang River">Liuyang River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Geographical_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical coordinates">geographical coordinates</a> of Liuyang is 27°51′—28°34′ N, and 113°10′—114°15′ E. Liuyang covers an area of 5,007.75 square kilometers. There are 105.8 kilometers from east to west and 80.9 kilometers from north to south. Liuyang is surrounded by mountains and hills. There are 53% mountain lands, 25% hills, 21% plains around hills and 1% water in Liuyang. The terrain of Liuyang is that north-east is higher than south-west, and landscape types change because of a lot of rivers. Liuyang is in a subtropical monsoon climate zone. Annual average temperature is 17.3 °C, and annual precipitation is 1562 mm. There are two national roads, G106 and G319. Besides, there are three main rivers, <a href="/wiki/Liuyang_River" title="Liuyang River">Liuyang River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laodao_River" title="Laodao River">Laodao River</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanchuan_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanchuan River (page does not exist)">Nanchuan River</a>, which can be used as shipping lanes throughout the whole year. Liuyang lies in the south of <a href="/wiki/Pingjiang_County" title="Pingjiang County">Pingjiang county</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a> city, and in the east of <a href="/wiki/Tonggu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonggu">Tonggu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wanzai_County" title="Wanzai County">Wanzai</a>, Yichun and <a href="/wiki/Shangli" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangli">Shangli</a>, Jiangxi province, and in the north of <a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a> City, and in the east of Changsha county. Liuyang is about 50 kilometers far from Changsha city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Liuyang, elevation 101 m (331 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(104.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.5<br />(104.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.2<br />(20.8) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6<br />(25.5) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.7<br />(12.7) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−10.7<br />(12.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.2<br />(3.16) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.9<br />(3.78) </td> <td style="background: #00F800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.7<br />(6.92) </td> <td style="background: #00DE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.5<br />(7.34) </td> <td style="background: #00B400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">221.2<br />(8.71) </td> <td style="background: #006700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">264.1<br />(10.40) </td> <td style="background: #00F300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.9<br />(7.04) </td> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.8<br />(4.76) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.5<br />(3.09) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.3<br />(2.22) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.3<br />(3.24) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.9<br />(2.24) </td> <td style="background: #34FF34; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,597.3<br />(62.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.2 </td> <td style="background: #2222FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.3 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.4 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.2 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">158.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">81 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #777777; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.2 </td> <td style="background: #8B8B8B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.6 </td> <td style="background: #969696; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.1 </td> <td style="background: #B3B36F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110.7 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">137.3 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">221.9 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.8 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171.4 </td> <td style="background: #C2C219; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.7 </td> <td style="background: #B8B855; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.7 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.5 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC39; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,579.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the sixth population census in 2010, the number of permanent resident population of Liuyang is 1,278,928, and the number of registered population is 1,407,104. In registered population, the agricultural population is 1, 252, 238, and the nonagricultural population is 154, 866. Natural population growth rate is 2.5 ‰. There are more than 300,000 Hakka whose ancestors moved from <a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> to Liuyang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, there are three dialect areas in Liuyang, <a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan Dialect</a>, new <a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang Dialect</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a>. Gan Dialect is Jiangxi Dialect, and it is used in downtown, northern Liuyang, eastern Liuyang and southern Liuyang. This is the most popular dialect in Liuyang, and people may call it Liuyang Dialect. Besides, new <a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang Dialect</a> is used in western Liuyang, like Puji, Zhentou, Baijia, Guanqiao, Gejia and Chengchong, and it is also used in some areas in northern Liuyang, like Beisheng and Yong’an. This kind of dialect is not exactly the same as Changsha Dialect, but it is similar to it. As for <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a>, most people living in the east of Liuyang use this, and it is almost the same as Hakka in <a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a> area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1010px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liuyang_City2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Liuyang in 2014."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Liuyang_City2.jpg/1000px-Liuyang_City2.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Liuyang_City2.jpg/1500px-Liuyang_City2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Liuyang_City2.jpg/2000px-Liuyang_City2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8199" data-file-height="1462" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Liuyang_City2.jpg" title="File:Liuyang City2.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of Liuyang in 2014.</div></div></div> <p>Liuyang is one of the most developed counties in Hunan, it ranked the 11th in the Top100 of counties and county-level cities of China by comprehensive strength in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to preliminary accounting of the statistical authority, the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> of Liuyang City in 2017 was 136,510 million <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">yuan</a> (20,218 million <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>), up by 10.8 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the <a href="/wiki/Value_added" title="Value added">value added</a> of the primary industry was 10,680 million yuan (1,582 million US dollars), up by five percent, that of the secondary industry was 93,940 million yuan (13,913 million US dollars), up by 11 percent and that of the tertiary industry was 31,890 million yuan (4,723 million US dollars), up by 12.3 percent. The value added of the primary industry accounted for 7.82 percent of the GDP; that of the secondary industry accounted for 68.82 percent; and that of the tertiary industry accounted for 23.36 percent. The per capita GDP by year-end household population in 2017 was 92,006 yuan (13,627 US dollars).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liuyang cultivates food crops, like rice. Main cash crops are flue-cured tobacco, medicinal materials, vegetables, oil-seed camellias, flowers and plants. Liuyang has been mining some natural resources, like <a href="/wiki/Sepiolite" title="Sepiolite">sepiolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum_stone" title="Chrysanthemum stone">chrysanthemum stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">phosphorite</a>. Industries include fireworks production, bio-pharmaceuticals and food processing. Liuyang fireworks have been in the global market for more than 100 years, and they were sold to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macao" class="mw-redirect" title="Macao">Macao</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Guangxu_Emperor" title="Guangxu Emperor">Guangxu period</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, and fireworks become an important brand and pillar industry of Liuyang. Liuyang fireworks are protected as an original product and hold the honor of China's famous brand. In 2010, Liuyang's GDP was up to 55.677 billion RMB (8.225 billion dollars). The <a href="/wiki/Added_value" title="Added value">added value</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sector">primary sector</a> was 5.169 billion RMB (0.764 billion dollars). The added value of the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sector">secondary sector</a> was 37.905 billion RMB (5.599 billion dollars). The added value of the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector">tertiary sector</a> was 12.603 billion RMB (1.862 billion dollars). The total value of out-put of Agriculture Animal Husbandry and Fishery was 8.006 billion RMB (1.183 billion dollars). In agriculture, except for grain production, the annual output of flue-cured tobacco was 131,670,000 tons. Liuyang's total industrial output value was 90.289 billion RMB (13.338 billion dollars). There are 89 cooperates with a more than 100,000,000 RMB turnover. Total sales of fireworks industry is 12.43 billion RMB (1.84 billion dollars), and the revenue of fireworks industry is 0.97 billion RMB. The total industrial output value of Liuyang Biomedical Park is 17.082 billion RMB (2.523 billion dollars). The volume of export goods is 0.39 billion dollars. Liuyang's general financial revenue is 3.324 billion RMB, including 29% fireworks' revenue. The per-capita disposable income of rural residents is 10,747 RMB (1,588 dollars), and the per-capita disposable income of city dwellers is 21,258 RMB (3,140 dollars). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liuyang's main grain crops are rice, and Liuyang is one of the top counties for food production in Hunan province. Main cash crops are <a href="/wiki/Flue-cured_tobacco" title="Flue-cured tobacco">flue-cured tobacco</a>, vegetables, flowers and plants, and oil-seed camellias. Production of fruits, corns, bamboo shoots, phyllostachys pubescens, and medicinal materials also has a certain scale. In fish breeding and poultry feeding, except for traditional pigs raising, black goats and bees' raising are also competitive to some extent. Liuyang enjoys the honor as a city of flowers and plants' cultivation in China, and it is famous for Hongzhimu (a kind of plants). In regional distribution of agricultural industry, eastern Liuyang focus on fruits, and western Liuyang focus on flowers and plants, and northern Liuyang focus on tobacco, and these contribute to a grain, vegetables, flue-cured tobacco, flowers and plants-oriented agricultural economy. Liuyang is one of the top 100 counties that have advantages in grain production, and it is a big city for raising pigs and black goats. Vegetable production in Liuyang is up to 304,239 tons, and it is in the second place in Hunan province. The meat output is 80,450 tons, and it is in the 21st place in China. Liuyang runs scale operation, and the quantity of black goats is more than 700 thousand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fireworks_industry">Fireworks industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fireworks industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liuyang fireworks have a history of more than 1,400 years. During the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Song dynasty">Northern Song dynasty</a>, Liuyang fireworks prospered greatly. During the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (in 1723), Liuyang fireworks served as <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a>. Since 1875, Liuyang fireworks have been exported to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="The UK">the UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, etc. In the 1990s, Liuyang's fireworks were the area's biggest export. However, in 1998, Liuyang fireworks went through a bottleneck period because of technological deficiencies. Since 1998, Liuyang has been reforming its industry. It is currently undergoing industrial consolidation and the upgrading of technology. Liuyang sets a ban on more than 10 thousand illegal factories, and Liuyang sets a standard to ensure the safety of fireworks production. Liuyang cooperates with some institutions of higher education and research institutes to invent fireworks with better technology and safety. On 8 August 2001, Liuyang fireworks went public in Shanghai. In 2003, Liuyang succeeded in getting a fireworks display project in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. Liuyang has invested more than one million dollars to buy lands in Brazil to build fireworks factories. There are more than 30 fireworks companies in Liuyang.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The whole section has no references. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_districts">Industrial districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Industrial districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liuyang has three main <a href="/wiki/Industrial_district" title="Industrial district">industrial districts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liuyang_Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zone" title="Liuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone">Economic and Technological Development Zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liuyang_High-Tech_Industrial_Development_Zone" title="Liuyang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone">High-Tech Industrial Development Zone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liuyang_Two-oriented_Industrial_Park" title="Liuyang Two-oriented Industrial Park">Two-oriented Industrial Park</a>, the economy of its three industrial districts occupies a large proportion of the city. As of 2015, the gross output value of industries in the city reaches CNY 236.66 billion (US$38.00 billion), that of the total in three industrial districts is CNY 123.57 billion (US$19.84 billion). The total financial revenue of Liuyang reaches 11.19 billion yuan (US$1.80 billion), that of the three industrial districts has 4.16 billion yuan (US$0.67 billion), it accounts for 37.19% of the total.<sup id="cite_ref-data2015_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data2015-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biopharmaceutical_industry">Biopharmaceutical industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Biopharmaceutical industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Liuyang_Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zone" title="Liuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone">Liuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone</a> is a national <a href="/wiki/Biological_Industries" title="Biological Industries">biological industry</a> base created on 10 January 1998, located in <a href="/wiki/Dongyang,_Liuyang" title="Dongyang, Liuyang">Dongyang Town</a>. Its pillar industry comprises <a href="/wiki/Biomedicine" title="Biomedicine">biological pharmacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Health food">Health food</a>. As of 2015, It has more than 700 registered enterprises. The total industrial output value of the zone hits 85.6 billion yuan (US$13.7 billion) and its <a href="/wiki/Adjusted_gross_income" title="Adjusted gross income">business income</a> is 100.2 billion yuan (US$16.1 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-letz_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letz-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its builtup area covers 16.5 km<sup>2</sup> (6.4 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-year2015_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-year2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_resources_and_special_local_products">Natural resources and special local products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Natural resources and special local products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Daweishan Nature Reserve is home to the <a href="/wiki/Red-billed_leiothrix" title="Red-billed leiothrix">red-billed leiothrix</a> and many other species. The Liuyang area is abundant in mineral deposits such as <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulphur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulphur">sulphur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barite" class="mw-redirect" title="Barite">barite</a>. There are four main special local products of Liuyang, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glycinemax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glycinemax (page does not exist)">glycinemax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grass_cloth" title="Grass cloth">grass cloth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum_stone" title="Chrysanthemum stone">chrysanthemum stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_tourism">Culture and tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture and tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, Liuyang attracted 5.7 million tourists which brought an income of 3.5 billion RMB. Since Liuyang was established as a county in the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, it is abundant in historical tourist resources. There are two national relic protection units, the <a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Tan_Sitong" title="Former Residence of Tan Sitong">Former Residence of Tan Sitong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Site_of_Joining_Forces_in_Wenjiashi_of_Autumn_Harvest_Uprising" title="Site of Joining Forces in Wenjiashi of Autumn Harvest Uprising">Site of Joining Forces in Wenjiashi of Autumn Harvest Uprising</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wenjiashi,_Liuyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenjiashi, Liuyang">Wenjiashi Town</a>. There are eight provincial culture and relics sites, like Xin'an Wind-Rain Bridge that was built in the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liuyang_Confucius_Temple" title="Liuyang Confucius Temple">Liuyang Confucius Temple</a> built in the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. There are 13 Changsha city cultural relics' protection units, like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stone_Frost_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stone Frost Temple (page does not exist)">Stone Frost Temple</a> built in the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>. There are 17 county cultural relics' protection units, like Yaotou Mountain site and Luobei Mountain site.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Yuqian_Grand_Theater" title="Ouyang Yuqian Grand Theater">Ouyang Yuqian Grand Theater</a>, named after Chinese dramatist <a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Yuqian" title="Ouyang Yuqian">Ouyang Yuqian</a>, was founded in 2002 and is used for drama, musical and children's theater performances. </p><p>Major Buddhist Temples in Liuyang include <a href="/wiki/Wenjin_Temple" title="Wenjin Temple">Wenjin Temple</a> (built in Tang dynasty) and Shishuang Temple. Major Taoist Temples include <a href="/wiki/Yaowang_Shengchong_Palace" title="Yaowang Shengchong Palace">Yaowang Shengchong Palace</a>. Major tourist destinations include <a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Tan_Sitong" title="Former Residence of Tan Sitong">Former Residence of Tan Sitong</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Former_Residence_of_Song_Renqiong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Former Residence of Song Renqiong (page does not exist)">Former Residence of Song Renqiong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Wang_Zhen" title="Former Residence of Wang Zhen">Former Residence of Wang Zhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Yang_Yong" title="Former Residence of Yang Yong">Former Residence of Yang Yong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Hu_Yaobang" title="Former Residence of Hu Yaobang">Former Residence of Hu Yaobang</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:762px;max-width:762px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Confucius_Temple_of_Liuyang_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Confucius_Temple_of_Liuyang_13.jpg/250px-Confucius_Temple_of_Liuyang_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Confucius_Temple_of_Liuyang_13.jpg/375px-Confucius_Temple_of_Liuyang_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Confucius_Temple_of_Liuyang_13.jpg/500px-Confucius_Temple_of_Liuyang_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Liuyang_Confucius_Temple" title="Liuyang Confucius Temple">Liuyang Confucius Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wenjin_Temple_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wenjin_Temple_02.jpg/250px-Wenjin_Temple_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wenjin_Temple_02.jpg/375px-Wenjin_Temple_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Wenjin_Temple_02.jpg/500px-Wenjin_Temple_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Wenjin_Temple" title="Wenjin Temple">Wenjin Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ouyang_Yuqian_Grand_Theater4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ouyang_Yuqian_Grand_Theater4.jpg/250px-Ouyang_Yuqian_Grand_Theater4.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ouyang_Yuqian_Grand_Theater4.jpg/375px-Ouyang_Yuqian_Grand_Theater4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ouyang_Yuqian_Grand_Theater4.jpg/500px-Ouyang_Yuqian_Grand_Theater4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Yuqian_Grand_Theater" title="Ouyang Yuqian Grand Theater">Ouyang Yuqian Grand Theater</a></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:762px;max-width:762px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tan_Sitong%27s_Former_Residence_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tan_Sitong%27s_Former_Residence_02.jpg/250px-Tan_Sitong%27s_Former_Residence_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tan_Sitong%27s_Former_Residence_02.jpg/375px-Tan_Sitong%27s_Former_Residence_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tan_Sitong%27s_Former_Residence_02.jpg/500px-Tan_Sitong%27s_Former_Residence_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Tan_Sitong" title="Former Residence of Tan Sitong">Former Residence of Tan Sitong</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hu_Yaobang%27s_Former_Residence_033.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hu_Yaobang%27s_Former_Residence_033.jpg/250px-Hu_Yaobang%27s_Former_Residence_033.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hu_Yaobang%27s_Former_Residence_033.jpg/500px-Hu_Yaobang%27s_Former_Residence_033.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Hu_Yaobang" title="Former Residence of Hu Yaobang">Former Residence of Hu Yaobang</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wang_Zhen%27s_Former_Residence001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Wang_Zhen%27s_Former_Residence001.jpg/250px-Wang_Zhen%27s_Former_Residence001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Wang_Zhen%27s_Former_Residence001.jpg/375px-Wang_Zhen%27s_Former_Residence001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Wang_Zhen%27s_Former_Residence001.jpg/500px-Wang_Zhen%27s_Former_Residence001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Former_Residence_of_Wang_Zhen" title="Former Residence of Wang Zhen">Former Residence of Wang Zhen</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liling%E2%80%93Liuyang_railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liling–Liuyang railway (page does not exist)">Liling–Liuyang railway</a>, more commonly known as "Liliu railway", is a branch from <a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a> to Yonghe Town of Liuyang, through downtown.<sup id="cite_ref-mapsutras_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It opened on May 1, 1966, in order to provide rail access to Yonghe phosphorus mine and Qibaoshan iron mine. It was closed in 2004, after a serious train crash the previous year. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou%E2%80%93Changsha_high-speed_railway" title="Hangzhou–Changsha high-speed railway">Hangzhou–Changsha high-speed railway</a> passes through the southwestern Liuyang's Baijia Town, Zhentou Town and Guanqiao Town.<sup id="cite_ref-mapsutras_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expressway">Expressway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Expressway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/G60_Shanghai%E2%80%93Kunming_Expressway" title="G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway">G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway</a> passes across the southwestern Liuyang's Guanqiao Town.<sup id="cite_ref-mapsutras_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Liuyang–Liling Expressway, commonly abbreviated as "Liuli Expressway", is a north–south highway passing through the western city.<sup id="cite_ref-mapsutras_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Changsha–Liuyang Expressway, locally known as "Changliu Expressway", is a west–east highway passing through the central Liuyang city.<sup id="cite_ref-mapsutras_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Highway">National Highway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: National Highway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Highway G106, more commonly known as "G106", is a north–south highway traveling through central Liuyang city.<sup id="cite_ref-mapsutras_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Highway G319, commonly abbreviated as "G319", is a west-southeast highway passing through the city's downtown, commercial, and industrial subdistricts.<sup id="cite_ref-mapsutras_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provincial_Highway">Provincial Highway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Provincial Highway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Provincial Highway S103, which heads west to <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a> and east to Liuyang, passing through the southwestern part of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-mapsutras_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Provincial Highway S309, connecting downtown Liuyang to Paibu Town of <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> province.<sup id="cite_ref-mapsutras_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Provincial Highway S310 passes through the city's towns of Dayao, Chengtanjiang, Zhonghe and Wenjiashi, leading eastwards to Jiangxi province.<sup id="cite_ref-mapsutras_20-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ouyang_Xuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ouyang Xuan (page does not exist)">Ouyang Xuan</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">欧阳玄</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Yuqian" title="Ouyang Yuqian">Ouyang Yuqian</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">欧阳予倩</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Sitong" title="Tan Sitong">Tan Sitong</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">谭嗣同</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Caichang" title="Tang Caichang">Tang Caichang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">唐才常</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a>, general secretary (1980–87) and chairman (1981–82) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chao-shiuan" title="Liu Chao-shiuan">Liu Chao-shiuan</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">刘兆玄</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a> politician and general, who was an uncompromising hard-liner who used his position as vice president (1988–93) of China to promote Maoism<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xun_Huaizhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xun Huaizhou (page does not exist)">Xun Huaizhou</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">寻淮洲</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Renqiong" title="Song Renqiong">Song Renqiong</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Eight_Elders" title="Eight Elders">Eight Elders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yong_(general)" title="Yang Yong (general)">Yang Yong</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">杨勇</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Liang" title="Tang Liang">Tang Liang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">唐亮</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhimin" title="Li Zhimin">Li Zhimin</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">李志民</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Bai_(spy)" title="Li Bai (spy)">Li Bai</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">李白</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Zhanglong" title="Luo Zhanglong">Luo Zhanglong</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">罗章龙</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiao_Dafeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiao Dafeng (page does not exist)">Jiao Dafeng</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">焦达峰</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Yun" title="Long Yun">Long Yun</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">龙云</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peng_Shiliang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peng Shiliang (page does not exist)">Peng Shiliang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">彭士亮</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Peiyun" title="Peng Peiyun">Peng Peiyun</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">彭佩云</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Qifeng" title="Zhou Qifeng">Zhou Qifeng</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN">周其凤</span></span>) President of Peking University<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chu_(singer)" title="Zhang Chu (singer)">Zhang Chu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">张楚</span></span>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Restaurant" title="West Lake Restaurant">West Lake Restaurant</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CUCSY_2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CUCSY_2017_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CUCSY_2017_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development">Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development</a>, ed. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190618043019/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls"><i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017</i></a>. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 68. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls">the original</a> on 18 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+Urban+Construction+Statistical+Yearbook+2017&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Press&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohurd.gov.cn%2Fxytj%2Ftjzljsxytjgb%2Fjstjnj%2Fw02019012421874448287322500.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Year2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Year2015_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170610123737/http://www.cstj.gov.cn/tjnj/2015/"><bdi lang="zh">长沙统计年鉴2015</bdi></a> [Changsha Yearly Book 2015]. Changsha Bureau of Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cstj.gov.cn/tjnj/2015/">the original</a> on 2017-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42015&rft.pub=Changsha+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cstj.gov.cn%2Ftjnj%2F2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-divison2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-divison2015_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-divison2015_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hn.rednet.cn/c/2015/12/04/3855959.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《关于同意浏阳市乡镇区划调整方案的批复》(湘民行发〔2015〕25号)</bdi></a> [result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Liuyang city on 18 November 2015]. <i>rednet Hunan</i>. 2015-12-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rednet+Hunan&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%90%8C%E6%84%8F%E6%B5%8F%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E4%B9%A1%E9%95%87%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E5%A4%8D%E3%80%8B%28%E6%B9%98%E6%B0%91%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%91%E3%80%942015%E3%80%9525%E5%8F%B7%29&rft.date=2015-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhn.rednet.cn%2Fc%2F2015%2F12%2F04%2F3855959.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span> also see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hn.rednet.cn/c/2015/12/03/3854984.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《长沙正式对有关区县市下发通知调整乡镇行政区划》</bdi></a>. <i>rednet.cn Hunan</i>. 2015-12-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rednet.cn+Hunan&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%AF%B9%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E5%8C%BA%E5%8E%BF%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%8B%E5%8F%91%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4%E4%B9%A1%E9%95%87%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2015-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhn.rednet.cn%2Fc%2F2015%2F12%2F03%2F3854984.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gejia-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gejia_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gejia_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gejia_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gejia Township was reformed into a town on July 21, 2015: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108095002/http://www.changsha.gov.cn/xxgk/szfgbmxxgkml/szfgzbmxxgkml/smzj/gzdt/201611/t20161123_1754512.html"><bdi lang="zh">关于浏阳市葛家乡撤乡设镇的通知 (长政办函〔2015〕136号)</bdi></a>. Changsha People's Government. 21 July 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.changsha.gov.cn/xxgk/szfgbmxxgkml/szfgzbmxxgkml/smzj/gzdt/201611/t20161123_1754512.html">the original</a> on 8 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B5%8F%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E8%91%9B%E5%AE%B6%E4%B9%A1%E6%92%A4%E4%B9%A1%E8%AE%BE%E9%95%87%E7%9A%84%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5+%28%E9%95%BF%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%9E%E5%87%BD%E3%80%942015%E3%80%95136%E5%8F%B7%29&rft.pub=Changsha+People%27s+Government&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.changsha.gov.cn%2Fxxgk%2Fszfgbmxxgkml%2Fszfgzbmxxgkml%2Fsmzj%2Fgzdt%2F201611%2Ft20161123_1754512.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span>, aiso see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/liuyanggov/xxgk/gzdt/zwdt/1936504/index.html">liuyang.gov (1-Jul-16)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108002602/http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/liuyanggov/xxgk/gzdt/zwdt/1936504/index.html">Archived</a> 2017-01-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hn.rednet.cn/c/2016/08/30/4072583.htm">rednet.cn (30-Aug-16)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mz186.com/culture/zhwh/2684.html"><bdi lang="zh">浏阳客家初探</bdi></a> [About Hakka people of Liuyang]. 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%8F%E9%98%B3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%9D%E6%8E%A2&rft.date=2014-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mz186.com%2Fculture%2Fzhwh%2F2684.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kjsj.com/html/dfkj/dfkj_2002_273.html">(5-Feb-15: the world of Hakka people)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-economy2015-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economy2015_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cstj.gov.cn/static/ndqx/20160322/30996.html"><bdi lang="zh">浏阳市2015年国民经济和社会发展统计公报</bdi></a> [Liuyang's economy in 2015]. Changsha Bureau of Statistics. 2016-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%8F%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%822015%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=Changsha+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2016-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cstj.gov.cn%2Fstatic%2Fndqx%2F20160322%2F30996.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinabaike.com/t/38932/2016/0619/5419891.html"><bdi lang="zh">浏阳烟花的起源与发展</bdi></a>. <i>Chinabaike</i>. 2016-06-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chinabaike&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%8F%E9%98%B3%E7%83%9F%E8%8A%B1%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95&rft.date=2016-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinabaike.com%2Ft%2F38932%2F2016%2F0619%2F5419891.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">the gross sales of China's firework industry in 2010: according to 2016-2022年中国花炮产业竞争格局报告</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cstj.gov.cn/static/ndqx/20110513/16066.html"><bdi lang="zh">浏阳市2010年国民经济和社会发展统计公报</bdi></a> [gross sales of Liuyang's firework industry in 2010]. Changsha Bureau of Statistics. 2011-05-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%8F%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%822010%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=Changsha+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cstj.gov.cn%2Fstatic%2Fndqx%2F20110513%2F16066.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF浏阳政府网" class="citation web cs1">浏阳政府网. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401060617/http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/liuyanggov/2018mlly/lygk2/zqdl92/index.html">"政区地理"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/liuyanggov/2018mlly/lygk2/zqdl92/index.html">the original</a> on 2019-04-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&rft.au=%E6%B5%8F%E9%98%B3%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liuyang.gov.cn%2Fliuyanggov%2F2018mlly%2Flygk2%2Fzqdl92%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/43/01/81/430181.html">"2011 Zoning codes and urban-rural division codes for statistics: Liuyang"</a> (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China">National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China</a>. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Zoning+codes+and+urban-rural+division+codes+for+statistics%3A+Liuyang&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjbz%2Fcxfldm%2F2011%2F43%2F01%2F81%2F430181.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cma_graphical-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cma_graphical_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html"><bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BD%91+%E2%80%93+WeatherBk+Data&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.cma.cn%2Fdata%2FweatherBk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps"><bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BD%91&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexperience.arcgis.com%2Ftemplate%2Fe724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55%2Fpage%2F%25E7%25BA%25AF%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1-%28%25E5%25AF%25B9%25E6%25AF%25948110%25E5%258F%2598%25E5%258C%2596%29%2F%3Forg%3DUQmaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWang_Jingdong_(王敬东Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wang Jingdong (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王敬东</span></span>), ed. (10 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cctv.com/2020/05/10/ARTImXAK2doqnIxnr89XxpkK200510.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">百强县榜单来了！看不懂，这个经济大省竟只有三席</bdi></a>. <i>CCTV.COM</i> (in Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CCTV.COM&rft.atitle=%E7%99%BE%E5%BC%BA%E5%8E%BF%E6%A6%9C%E5%8D%95%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%86%EF%BC%81%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%8D%E6%87%82%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%81%E7%AB%9F%E5%8F%AA%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%89%E5%B8%AD&rft.date=2020-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cctv.com%2F2020%2F05%2F10%2FARTImXAK2doqnIxnr89XxpkK200510.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">according to the <i>Statistical Communiqué of Liuyang City on the 2017 National Economic and Social Development</i> / 浏阳市2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hntj.gov.cn/tjfx/tjgb/xqtjgb/zsgxsq/201803/t20180330_4983625.html">hntj.gov (2018-04-02)</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjj.changsha.gov.cn/zstj/tjsj/tjgb/201804/t20180403_2204336.html">changsha.gov (2018-04-03)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180409233531/http://tjj.changsha.gov.cn/zstj/tjsj/tjgb/201804/t20180403_2204336.html">Archived</a> 2018-04-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-data2015-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-data2015_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">the economic data of 2015, according to the <i><b>Statistical Communiqué of Liuyang on the 2015 National Economic and Social Development</b></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cstj.gov.cn/static/ndqx/20160322/30996.html">cstj.gov.cn</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahmhxc.com/tongjigongbao/5262.html">ahmhxc.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-letz-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-letz_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">About Liuyang ETZ: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letz.gov.cn/articles/360/2015-5/16698.html">letz.gov.cn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224212005/http://www.letz.gov.cn/articles/360/2015-5/16698.html">Archived</a> 2017-02-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-year2015-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-year2015_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Development Report of LETZ in 2016 - 浏阳经开区2016年经济工作报告: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224132355/http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/liuyanggov/xxgk/xxgkml/1514333/1514335/1514361/1514365/1693905/index.html">liuyang.gov.cn liuyang.gov.cn</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g1152531-Liuyang_Hunan-Vacations.html">Liuyang Tourism</a> Retrieved June 13, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mapsutras-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mapsutras_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mapsutras_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mapsutras_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mapsutras_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mapsutras_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mapsutras_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mapsutras_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mapsutras_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mapsutras_20-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mapsutras_20-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhang_Hong2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhang Hong, ed. (2018). "Liuyang" <bdi lang="zh">《浏阳市》</bdi>. <bdi lang="zh">《中国分省系列地图册：湖南》</bdi> [<i>Maps of Provinces in China: Hunan</i>] (in Chinese). Xicheng District, Beijing: SinoMaps Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">32–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5031-8949-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5031-8949-4"><bdi>978-7-5031-8949-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Liuyang+%E3%80%8A%E6%B5%8F%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82%E3%80%8B&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%86%E7%9C%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%9A%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E3%80%8B&rft.place=Xicheng+District%2C+Beijing&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=SinoMaps+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-7-5031-8949-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiuyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/274138/Hu-Yaobang">Hu Yaobang</a> Retrieved June 13, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635448/Wang-Zhen-WANG-CHEN">Wang Zhen</a> Retrieved June 13, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140706070101/http://chinadailymail.com/2012/12/28/china-heirs-of-communist-partys-founding-fathers-at-forefront-of-red-aristocracy/">Renqiong</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> Retrieved June 13, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Zhou_Qifeng">Zhou Qifeng</a> Retrieved June 13, 2014.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liuyang&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hunan Liuyang divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Township-level_divisions_of_Liuyang_City_(November_18,_2015_-_present)251" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Township-level divisions of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liuyang City</a> (November 18, 2015 - present)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_local_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Seat of local government">government seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Guankou,_Liuyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Guankou, Liuyang">Guankou</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4 <a href="/wiki/Subdistrict_(China)" title="Subdistrict (China)">subdistricts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guankou,_Liuyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Guankou, Liuyang">Guankou</a> (关口街道)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hehua,_Liuyang" title="Hehua, Liuyang">Hehua</a> (荷花街道)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaichuan,_Liuyang" title="Huaichuan, Liuyang">Huaichuan</a> (淮川街道)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jili,_Liuyang" title="Jili, Liuyang">Jili</a> (集里街道)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">26 <a href="/wiki/Town_(China)" title="Town (China)">towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijia,_Liuyang" title="Baijia, Liuyang">Baijia</a> (柏加镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beisheng,_Liuyang" title="Beisheng, Liuyang">Beisheng</a> (北盛镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengchong,_Liuyang" title="Chengchong, Liuyang">Chengchong</a> (枨冲镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengtanjiang,_Liuyang" title="Chengtanjiang, Liuyang">Chengtanjiang</a> (澄潭江镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunkou,_Liuyang" title="Chunkou, Liuyang">Chunkou</a> (淳口镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahu,_Liuyang" title="Dahu, Liuyang">Dahu</a> (达浒镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daweishan" title="Daweishan">Daweishan</a> (大围山镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayao,_Liuyang" title="Dayao, Liuyang">Dayao</a> (大瑶镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang,_Liuyang" title="Dongyang, Liuyang">Dongyang</a> (洞阳镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping,_Liuyang" title="Gaoping, Liuyang">Gaoping</a> (高坪镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejia,_Liuyang" title="Gejia, Liuyang">Gejia</a> (葛家镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guandu,_Liuyang" title="Guandu, Liuyang">Guandu</a> (官渡镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanqiao,_Liuyang" title="Guanqiao, Liuyang">Guanqiao</a> (官桥镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugang,_Liuyang" title="Gugang, Liuyang">Gugang</a> (古港镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingang,_Liuyang" title="Jingang, Liuyang">Jingang</a> (金刚镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfu,_Liuyang" title="Longfu, Liuyang">Longfu</a> (龙伏镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puji,_Liuyang" title="Puji, Liuyang">Puji</a> (普迹镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi,_Liuyang" title="Shashi, Liuyang">Shashi</a> (沙市镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shegang,_Liuyang" title="Shegang, Liuyang">Shegang</a> (社港镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenjiashi" title="Wenjiashi">Wenjiashi</a> (文家市镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanxi,_Liuyang" title="Yanxi, Liuyang">Yanxi</a> (沿溪镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an,_Liuyang" title="Yong'an, Liuyang">Yong'an</a> (永安镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonghe,_Liuyang" title="Yonghe, Liuyang">Yonghe</a> (永和镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangfang,_Liuyang" title="Zhangfang, Liuyang">Zhangfang</a> (张坊镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhentou,_Liuyang" title="Zhentou, Liuyang">Zhentou</a> (镇头镇)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhonghe,_Liuyang" title="Zhonghe, Liuyang">Zhonghe</a> (中和镇)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2 <a href="/wiki/Township_(China)" title="Township (China)">townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiaoxi,_Liuyang" title="Jiaoxi, Liuyang">Jiaoxi</a> (蕉溪乡)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaohe,_Liuyang" title="Xiaohe, Liuyang">Xiaohe</a> (小河乡)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Hunan_Province319" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hunan" title="Template:Hunan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hunan" title="Template talk:Hunan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hunan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hunan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Hunan_Province319" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Hunan" title="List of administrative divisions of Hunan">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Furong District">Furong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifu_District,_Changsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaifu District, Changsha">Kaifu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianxin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianxin District">Tianxin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangcheng District">Wangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuelu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuelu District">Yuelu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhua_District,_Changsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhua District, Changsha">Yuhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha_County" title="Changsha County">Changsha County</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liuyang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxiang" title="Ningxiang">Ningxiang city</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hetang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetang District">Hetang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukou District">Lukou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusong District">Lusong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shifeng District">Shifeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianyuan District">Tianyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaling_County" title="Chaling County">Chaling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanling_County,_Hunan" title="Yanling County, Hunan">Yanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_County" title="You County">You County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuetang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuetang District">Yuetang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhu District">Yuhu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan_County" title="Xiangtan County">Xiangtan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanyue_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanyue District">Nanyue District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shigu District">Shigu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanfeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanfeng District">Yanfeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengxiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhengxiang District">Zhengxiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuhui District">Zhuhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengdong_County" title="Hengdong County">Hengdong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengnan_County" title="Hengnan County">Hengnan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshan_County" title="Hengshan County">Hengshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang_County" title="Hengyang County">Hengyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong_County" title="Qidong County">Qidong County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beita_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Beita District">Beita District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Daxiang District">Daxiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuangqing District">Shuangqing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaodong" title="Shaodong">Shaodong city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengbu_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Chengbu Miao Autonomous County">Chengbu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongkou_County" title="Dongkou County">Dongkou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhui_County" title="Longhui County">Longhui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang_County" title="Shaoyang County">Shaoyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining_County,_Hunan" title="Suining County, Hunan">Suining County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinning_County,_Hunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinning County, Hunan">Xinning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinshao_County" title="Xinshao County">Xinshao County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Junshan District">Junshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyanglou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yueyanglou District">Yueyanglou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunxi District">Yunxi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo city</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Quyuan_Management_District" title="Quyuan Management District">Quyuan Mgmt Dist</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huarong_County" title="Huarong County">Huarong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingjiang_County" title="Pingjiang County">Pingjiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyin_County" title="Xiangyin County">Xiangyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang_County" title="Yueyang County">Yueyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingcheng District">Dingcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuling District">Wuling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anxiang_County" title="Anxiang County">Anxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanshou_County" title="Hanshou County">Hanshou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_County,_Hunan" title="Li County, Hunan">Li County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linli_County" title="Linli County">Linli County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimen_County" title="Shimen County">Shimen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_County" title="Taoyuan County">Taoyuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wulingyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulingyuan District">Wulingyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongding_District,_Zhangjiajie" class="mw-redirect" title="Yongding District, Zhangjiajie">Yongding District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cili_County" title="Cili County">Cili County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangzhi_County" title="Sangzhi County">Sangzhi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heshan_District,_Yiyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heshan District, Yiyang">Heshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyang District">Ziyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhua_County" title="Anhua County">Anhua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan_County" title="Nan County">Nan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taojiang_County" title="Taojiang County">Taojiang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beihu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Beihu District">Beihu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suxian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suxian District">Suxian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anren_County" title="Anren County">Anren County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidong_County" title="Guidong County">Guidong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang_County" title="Guiyang County">Guiyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiahe_County" title="Jiahe County">Jiahe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linwu_County" title="Linwu County">Linwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rucheng_County" title="Rucheng County">Rucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizhang_County" title="Yizhang County">Yizhang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongxing_County" title="Yongxing County">Yongxing County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuitan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lengshuitan District">Lengshuitan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingling District">Lingling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyang" title="Qiyang">Qiyang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_County" title="Dao County">Dao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong%27an_County" title="Dong'an County">Dong'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianghua_Yao_Autonomous_County" title="Jianghua Yao Autonomous County"> Jianghua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyong_County" title="Jiangyong County">Jiangyong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanshan_County" title="Lanshan County">Lanshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningyuan_County" title="Ningyuan County">Ningyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangpai_County" title="Shuangpai County">Shuangpai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintian_County" title="Xintian County">Xintian County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hecheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecheng District">Hecheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang city</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang_District" title="Hongjiang District">Hongjiang Mgmt Dist</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenxi_County" title="Chenxi County">Chenxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huitong_County" title="Huitong County">Huitong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_County" title="Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County">Jingzhou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayang_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Mayang Miao Autonomous County">Mayang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongdao_Dong_Autonomous_County" title="Tongdao Dong Autonomous County">Tongdao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhuang_Dong_Autonomous_County" title="Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County">Xinhuang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xupu_County" title="Xupu County">Xupu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanling_County" title="Yuanling County">Yuanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang_Dong_Autonomous_County" title="Zhijiang Dong Autonomous County">Zhijiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongfang_County" title="Zhongfang County">Zhongfang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louxing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Louxing District">Louxing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangfeng_County" title="Shuangfeng County">Shuangfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_County" title="Xinhua County">Xinhua County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefecture" title="Autonomous prefecture">Autonomous prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Xiangxi56" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baojing_County" title="Baojing County">Baojing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghuang_County" title="Fenghuang County">Fenghuang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzhang_County" title="Guzhang County">Guzhang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayuan_County" title="Huayuan County">Huayuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshan_County" title="Longshan County">Longshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxi_County,_Hunan" title="Luxi County, Hunan">Luxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongshun_County" title="Yongshun County">Yongshun County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1025444#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata599" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1025444#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata599" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1025444#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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