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sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Arang" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Arang" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Arang" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Arang" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis-Jenis_Arang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis-Jenis_Arang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jenis-Jenis Arang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenis-Jenis_Arang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemakaian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemakaian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pemakaian</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pemakaian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pemakaian</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pemakaian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pembakaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembakaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pembakaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembakaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seni_rupa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seni_rupa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Seni rupa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seni_rupa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arang</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 79 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houtskool" title="Houtskool – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Houtskool" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n_vechetal" title="Carbón vechetal – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Carbón vechetal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%85_%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="فحم نباتي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فحم نباتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AB%DC%9A%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܫܚܘܪܐ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܫܚܘܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n_vexetal" title="Carbón vexetal – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carbón vexetal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9Fac_k%C3%B6m%C3%BCr%C3%BC" title="Ağac kömürü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağac kömürü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uring" title="Uring – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Uring" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Дървени въглища – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дървени въглища" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B3_vegetal" title="Carbó vegetal – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carbó vegetal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88" title="ڕەژوو – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەژوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%99ev%C4%9Bn%C3%A9_uhl%C3%AD" title="Dřevěné uhlí – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dřevěné uhlí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%B2%C4%83%C3%A7_%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BC%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Йывăç кăмрăкĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йывăç кăмрăкĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golosg" title="Golosg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Golosg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A6kul" title="Trækul – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Trækul" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holzkohle" title="Holzkohle – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Holzkohle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9E%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ξυλάνθρακας – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ξυλάνθρακας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Charcoal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignokarbo" title="Lignokarbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lignokarbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n_vegetal" title="Carbón vegetal – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carbón vegetal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puus%C3%BCsi" title="Puusüsi – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puusüsi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egur_ikatz" title="Egur ikatz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egur ikatz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="زغال – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زغال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuhiili" title="Puuhiili – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puuhiili" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charbon_de_bois" title="Charbon de bois – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charbon de bois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualach" title="Gualach – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gualach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n_vexetal" title="Carbón vexetal – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carbón vexetal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gawayi" title="Gawayi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gawayi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%A5" title="פחם עץ – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחם עץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="चारकोल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चारकोल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drveni_ugljen" title="Drveni ugljen – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drveni ugljen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="Փայտածուխ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փայտածուխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B0arkol" title="Viðarkol – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viðarkol" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbone_vegetale" title="Carbone vegetale – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carbone vegetale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%82%AD" title="木炭 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="木炭" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areng" title="Areng – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Areng" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96" title="Ағаш көмірі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағаш көмірі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81" title="ಇದ್ದಿಲು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇದ್ದಿಲು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%AF" title="숯 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="숯" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbo_ligni" title="Carbo ligni – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbo ligni" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houtskaol" title="Houtskaol – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Houtskaol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak%C3%A1la" title="Makála – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Makála" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C5%BEio_anglis" title="Medžio anglis – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medžio anglis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokogles" title="Kokogles – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kokogles" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arina" title="Arina – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Arina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="കരി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കരി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arang" title="Arang – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="မီးသွေး – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မီးသွေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="زینگال – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زینگال" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houtskool" title="Houtskool – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Houtskool" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trekol" title="Trekol – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trekol" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trekull" title="Trekull – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trekull" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_de_lenha" title="Carbon de lenha – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carbon de lenha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99giel_drzewny" title="Węgiel drzewny – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węgiel drzewny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="چارکول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چارکول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="سکاره – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سکاره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carv%C3%A3o_vegetal" title="Carvão vegetal – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carvão vegetal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangal" title="Mangal – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mangal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Древесный уголь – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древесный уголь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cravuneddu" title="Cravuneddu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cravuneddu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drveni_ugljen" title="Drveni ugljen – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drveni ugljen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Charcoal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drevn%C3%A9_uhlie" title="Drevné uhlie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Drevné uhlie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oglje" title="Oglje – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oglje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhuxul" title="Dhuxul – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhuxul" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Угљен – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Угљен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areng" title="Areng – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Areng" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A4kol" title="Träkol – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Träkol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makaa" title="Makaa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Makaa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="கரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="కర్ర బొగ్గు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కర్ర బొగ్గు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uling_(panggatong)" title="Uling (panggatong) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Uling (panggatong)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangal_k%C3%B6m%C3%BCr%C3%BC" title="Mangal kömürü – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mangal kömürü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Деревне вугілля – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Деревне вугілля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pista_ko%CA%BBmir" title="Pista koʻmir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pista koʻmir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Than_c%E1%BB%A7i" title="Than củi – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Than củi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcherbon_d%27_f%C3%A5de" title="Tcherbon d' fåde – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tcherbon d' fåde" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%82%AD" title="木炭 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="木炭" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%82%AD" title="木炭 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木炭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD" title="炭 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="炭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177463#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arang" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Arang" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arang"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arang"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Arang" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Arang" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&oldid=26290611" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Arang&id=26290611&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArang"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArang"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Arang"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Arang&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charcoal" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177463" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Charcoal2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Charcoal2.jpg/220px-Charcoal2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Charcoal2.jpg/330px-Charcoal2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Charcoal2.jpg/440px-Charcoal2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Arang kering.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Japanese_Binch%C5%8Dtan_(Japanese_high-grade_charcoal_produced_from_ubame_oak).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Japanese_Binch%C5%8Dtan_%28Japanese_high-grade_charcoal_produced_from_ubame_oak%29.jpg/220px-Japanese_Binch%C5%8Dtan_%28Japanese_high-grade_charcoal_produced_from_ubame_oak%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Japanese_Binch%C5%8Dtan_%28Japanese_high-grade_charcoal_produced_from_ubame_oak%29.jpg/330px-Japanese_Binch%C5%8Dtan_%28Japanese_high-grade_charcoal_produced_from_ubame_oak%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Japanese_Binch%C5%8Dtan_%28Japanese_high-grade_charcoal_produced_from_ubame_oak%29.jpg/440px-Japanese_Binch%C5%8Dtan_%28Japanese_high-grade_charcoal_produced_from_ubame_oak%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Charcoal" class="mw-redirect" title="Charcoal">Binchōtan</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ogatan(JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ogatan%28JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal%29.jpg/220px-Ogatan%28JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ogatan%28JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal%29.jpg/330px-Ogatan%28JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ogatan%28JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal%29.jpg/440px-Ogatan%28JapaneseBriquetteCharcoal%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="2004" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Charcoal" class="mw-redirect" title="Charcoal">Ogatan</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Arang</b> adalah <a href="/wiki/Residu" title="Residu">residu</a> hitam berisi <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> tidak murni yang dihasilkan dengan menghilangkan kandungan air dan komponen <a href="/wiki/Volatil" title="Volatil">volatil</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">hewan</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan">tumbuhan</a>. Arang umumnya didapatkan dengan memanaskan <a href="/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">kayu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gula" title="Gula">gula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang">tulang</a>, dan benda lain. Arang yang hitam, ringan, mudah hancur, dan meyerupai <a href="/wiki/Batu_bara" title="Batu bara">batu bara</a> ini terdiri dari 85% sampai 98% karbon, sisanya adalah <a href="/wiki/Abu" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Abu">abu</a> atau benda kimia lainnya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis-Jenis_Arang">Jenis-Jenis Arang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis-Jenis Arang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis-Jenis Arang"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1. Arang kayu </p><p>Arang kayu adalah arang yang terbuat dari bahan dasar kayu. Arang kayu paling banyak digunakan untuk keperluan memasak seperti yang dijelaskan sebelumnya. Sedangkan penggunaan arang kayu yang lainnya adalah sebagai penjernih air, penggunaan dalam bidang kesehatan, dan masih banyak lagi. Bahan kayu yang digunakan untuk dibuat arang kayu adalah kayu yang masih sehat, dalam hal ini kayu belun membusuk. </p><p>2. Arang serbuk gergaji </p><p>Arang serbuk gergaji adalah arang yang terbuat dari serbuk gergaji yang dibakar. Serbuk gergaji biasanya mudah didapat ditempat-tempat penggergajian atau tempat pengrajin kayu. Serbuk gergaji adalah bahan sisa produksi yang jarang dimanfaatkan lagi oleh pemilknya. Sehingga harganya bisa terbilang murah. Selain dapat untuk bahan bakar, arang serbuk gergaji biasanya dimanfaatkan untuk campuran pupuk dan dapat diolah menjadi briket arang. </p><p>3. Arang sekam padi </p><p>Arang sekam padi biasa digunakan sebagai pupuk dan bahan baku briket arang. Sekam yang digunakan bisa diperoleh ditempat penggilingan padi. Selain digunakan untuk arang, sekam padi juga sering dijadikan bekatul untuk pekan ternak. Arang sekam juga bisa digunakan sebagai campuran pupuk dan media tanam di persemaian. Hal ini karena sekam padi memiliki kemampuan untuk menyerap dan menyimpan air sebagai cadangan makanan. </p><p>4. Arang tempurung kelapa </p><p>Arang tempurung kelapa adalah arang yang berbahan dasar tempurung kelapa. Pemanfaatan arang tempurung kelapa ini ternasuk cukup strategis sebagai sektor usaha. Hal ini karena jarang masyarakat yang memanfaatkan tempurung kelapanya. Selain dimanfaatkan dengan dibakar langsung, tempurung kelapa dapat dijadikan sabagai bahan dasar briket arang. </p><p>Tempurung kelapa yang akan dijadikan arang harus dari kelapa yang sudah tua, karena lebih padat dan kandungan airnya lebih sedikit dibandingkan dari kelapa yang masih muda. Harga jual arang tempurung kelapa terbilang cukup tinggi. Karena selain berkualitas tinggi, untuk mendapatkan tempurung kelapanya juga terbilang sulit dan harganya cukup mahal. </p><p>5. Arang serasah </p><p>Arang serasah adalah arang yang terbuat dari serasah atau sampah dedaunan. Bila dibandingkan dengan bahan arang lain, serasah termasuk bahan yang paling mudah didapat. Arang serasah juga bisa dijadikan briket arang, karena mudah dihancurkan. </p><p>Arang dari sampah dedaunan ini adalah hasil penelitian dari Usman (26), guru SMAN 17 Palembang, Sumatera Selatan. Dia adalah lulusan sarjana Biologi dari Universitas Sri-Wajaya. Bapak Usman merupakan salah satu dari 10 peraih penghargaan dalam bidang pendidikan sains. Saat itu dia berpikir bahwa arang dapat terbuat dari berbagai bahan. Salah satunya yang belum pernah ada ialah dari sampah-sampah dedaunan. </p><p>6. Briket arang </p><p>Jenis arang yang terakhir dan sudah banyak terdapat dimasyarakat adalah briket arang. Briket arang adalah arang yang terbuat dari arang jenis lain yang dihaluskan terlebih dahulu kemudian dicetak sesuai kebutuhan dengan campuran tepung kanji. Tujuan pembuatan briket arang adalah untuk menambah jangka waktu bakar dan untuk menghemat biaya. </p><p>Arang yang sering dijadikan briket arang diantaranya adalah arang sekam, arang serbuk gergaji, dan arang serasah. Arang-arang tersebut terlalu kecil untuk digunakan langsung dan akan cepat habis. Sehingga akan lebih awet jika diubah menjadi briket arang. Untuk arang tempurung kelapa dapat dijadikan briket arang, tetapi hanya tempurung yang sudah remuk. Sedangkan tempurung yang masih utuh tidak perlu dijadikan briket arang. </p><p>7. Arang kulit buah mahoni </p><p>Arang kulit buah mahoni adalah arang dengan bahan dasar kulit buah mahoni. Bila dilihat secara kasatmata, kulit buah mahoni memiliki tekstur yang keras dan padat. Sayang jika hanya dibiarkan tertumpuk disekitar halaman. Arang kulit buah mahoni diproses menggunakan tungku drum, sama halnya dengan arang kayu. arang jenis ini juga dapat diolah menjadi briket arang. Arang yang dihasilkan dari kulit buah mahoni juga terbukti memiliki kualitas yang cukup baik. Jika dibakar hanya mengeluarkan sedikit asap. Nilai kalor yang dihasilkan saat dibakar sangat tinggi dan lebih tahan lama sehingga dapat menghemat biaya pengeluaran. </p><p>Arang kulit buah mahoni ini memang terdengar baru. Akan tetapi melihat kualitas arang yang dihasilkan, arang ini pasti akan banyak diminati dan dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat luas. Hal ini juga dapat dijadikan alternative produksi bagi para wirausaha arang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pemakaian">Pemakaian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Pemakaian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemakaian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Charcoal_Briquette.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Charcoal_Briquette.JPG/220px-Charcoal_Briquette.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Charcoal_Briquette.JPG/330px-Charcoal_Briquette.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Charcoal_Briquette.JPG/440px-Charcoal_Briquette.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="2036" /></a><figcaption>Batu arang yang digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bakar" title="Bahan bakar">bahan bakar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Arang pada awalnya digunakan sebagai pengganti <a href="/wiki/Mesiu" title="Mesiu">mesiu</a>. Ia juga digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Metalurgi" title="Metalurgi">metalurgi</a> sebagai <i>reducing agent</i>, walaupun sekarang sudah ditinggalkan. Sebagian orang menggunakan arang sebagai media gambar. Tetapi sebagian besar produki charcoal digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bakar" title="Bahan bakar">bahan bakar</a>. Hasil pembakarannya lebih bersih daripada <a href="/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">kayu</a> biasa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembakaran">Pembakaran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pembakaran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembakaran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Batu arang lazim dipakai untuk membakar makanan di luar ruangan dan pada saat <a href="/wiki/Kemah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemah">berkemah</a>. Di beberapa negara <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, arang digunakan oleh sebagian besar masyarakat sebagai alat <a href="/wiki/Memasak" title="Memasak">memasak</a> sehari-hari. Pemakaian arang untuk memasak makanan di dalam ruangan memiliki risiko berbahaya terhadap kesehatan, karena <a href="/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida">karbon monoksida</a> yang dihasilkan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebelum <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Industri" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a>, arang digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bakar" title="Bahan bakar">bahan bakar</a> industri <a href="/wiki/Metalurgi" title="Metalurgi">metalurgi</a>. </p><p>Arang juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar <a href="/wiki/Kendaraan_bermotor" title="Kendaraan bermotor">kendaraan bermotor</a>. Arang atau <a href="/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">kayu</a> dibakar di dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Generator_gas_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Generator gas kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">generator gas kayu</a> untuk menggerakan <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">mobil</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a>. Di <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> pada saat <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, produksi kayu dan arang untuk kendaraan bermotor meningkat dari 50.000 ton sebelum perang menjadi 500.000 ton pada tahun <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seni_rupa">Seni rupa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Seni rupa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Seni rupa"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Charcoal_sticks_051907.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Charcoal_sticks_051907.jpg/250px-Charcoal_sticks_051907.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Charcoal_sticks_051907.jpg/330px-Charcoal_sticks_051907.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Charcoal_sticks_051907.jpg/500px-Charcoal_sticks_051907.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>Batang arang yang sebagai media <a href="/wiki/Seni_rupa" title="Seni rupa">seni rupa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Arang digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Seni_rupa" title="Seni rupa">seni rupa</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Pensil" title="Pensil">pensil</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Krayon" title="Krayon">krayon</a>. Media ini banyak digunakan untuk membuat sketsa dalam ukuran besar atau media yang membutuhkan <a href="/wiki/Garis" title="Garis">garis</a> <a href="/wiki/Sketsa" class="mw-disambig" title="Sketsa">sketsa</a> yang kuat, seperti <a href="/wiki/Kanvas" title="Kanvas">kanvas</a>. Sebagai media seni rupa, charcoal dijual dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Batang" title="Batang">batangan</a>. </p><p>Arang memiliki sifat lembut, ringan, hitam, dan sekaligus mudah patah. Media ini sangat disenangi <a href="/wiki/Pelukis" title="Pelukis">pelukis</a> dalam membuat sketsa sebab sketsa yang dihasilkan sangat jelas, bahkan dalam proses pengecatan sekalipun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arang&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070822172403/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/house-domes/fire-feu/detect/index_e.html">"Smoke Detectors, Carbon Monoxide Detectors, and Charcoal"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/house-domes/fire-feu/detect/index_e.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smoke+Detectors%2C+Carbon+Monoxide+Detectors%2C+and+Charcoal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hc-sc.gc.ca%2Fcps-spc%2Fhouse-domes%2Ffire-feu%2Fdetect%2Findex_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AArang" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/eh/11.4/pearson.html">"Chris Pearson "'The age of wood': FUEL AND FIGHTING IN FRENCH FORESTS, 1940–1944<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080118205638/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/eh/11.4/pearson.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chris+Pearson+%22%27The+age+of+wood%27%3A+FUEL+AND+FIGHTING+IN+FRENCH+FORESTS%2C+1940%E2%80%931944%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historycooperative.org%2Fjournals%2Feh%2F11.4%2Fpearson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AArang" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tipe hutan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Bedasarkan status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan negara (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan negara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_hak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan hak (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan hak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_adat" title="Hutan adat">Hutan adat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Bedasarkan fungsi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_lindung" title="Hutan lindung">Hutan lindung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_konservasi" title="Hutan konservasi">Hutan konservasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_suaka_alam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan suaka alam">Kawasan suaka alam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cagar_alam" title="Cagar alam">Cagar alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suaka_margasatwa" title="Suaka margasatwa">Suaka margasatwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_pelestarian_alam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan pelestarian alam (halaman belum tersedia)">Kawasan pelestarian alam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taman_nasional" title="Taman nasional">Taman nasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_hutan_raya" title="Taman hutan raya">Taman hutan raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_wisata_alam" title="Taman wisata alam">Taman wisata alam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Bedasarkan iklim</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutan hujan tropis">Hutan hujan tropis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_musim" title="Hutan musim">Hutan musim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_kerangas" title="Hutan kerangas">Hutan kerangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_gambut" title="Hutan gambut">Hutan gambut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_rawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan rawa (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan rawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_payau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan payau (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan payau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_pantai" title="Hutan pantai">Hutan pantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabana" title="Sabana">Sabana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecoforestry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecoforestry (halaman belum tersedia)">Ecoforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehutanan_analog" title="Kehutanan analog">Kehutanan analog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kehutanan_berkelanjutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kehutanan berkelanjutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kehutanan berkelanjutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kehutanan_energi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kehutanan energi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kehutanan energi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehutanan_masyarakat" title="Kehutanan masyarakat">Kehutanan masyarakat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kehutanan_perkebunan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kehutanan perkebunan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kehutanan perkebunan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_desa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan desa (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan desa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_alam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan alam (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan alam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_homogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan homogen (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan homogen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_heterogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan heterogen (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan heterogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycoforestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycoforestry">Mycoforestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_rakyat" title="Hutan rakyat">Hutan rakyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanatani" title="Wanatani">Wanatani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg/125px-12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg/188px-12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg/250px-12_year_old_restoration_plot_Doi_Suthep-Pui_National_Park_N._Thailand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3334" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekologi_hutan" title="Ekologi hutan">Ekologi</a> dan<br /> <a href="/wiki/Manajemen_hutan" title="Manajemen hutan">manajemen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aforestasi" title="Aforestasi">Aforestasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alometri_pohon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alometri pohon (halaman belum tersedia)">Alometri pohon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arborikultur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arborikultur (halaman belum tersedia)">Arborikultur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsitektur_pohon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsitektur pohon (halaman belum tersedia)">Arsitektur pohon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestasi" title="Deforestasi">Deforestasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degradasi" class="mw-disambig" title="Degradasi">Degradasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrologi" title="Dendrologi">Dendrologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrokronologi" title="Dendrokronologi">Dendrokronologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_api&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekologi api (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekologi api</a></li> <li>Hutan <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Informatika_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Informatika hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">informatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventarisasi_hutan" title="Inventarisasi hutan">Inventarisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manajemen_hama_terintegrasi_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manajemen hama terintegrasi hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Manajemen hama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patologi_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patologi hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Patologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlindungan_hutan" title="Perlindungan hutan">Perlindungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restorasi_hutan" title="Restorasi hutan">Restorasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_primer" title="Hutan primer">Hutan primer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayu_bersertifikat" title="Kayu bersertifikat">Kayu bersertifikat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manajemen_hutan_berkelanjutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manajemen hutan berkelanjutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Manajemen berkelanjutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemanfaatan_hutan" title="Pemanfaatan hutan">Pemanfaatan hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembakaran_terkendali" title="Pembakaran terkendali">Pembakaran terkendali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penipisan_ekologis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penipisan ekologis (halaman belum tersedia)">Penipisan ekologis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengukuran_pohon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengukuran pohon (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengukuran pohon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permodelan_pertumbuhan_dan_hasil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permodelan pertumbuhan dan hasil (halaman belum tersedia)">Permodelan pertumbuhan dan hasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reboisasi" title="Reboisasi">Reboisasi</a></li> <li>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reboisasi_urban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reboisasi urban (halaman belum tersedia)">urban</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvikultur" title="Silvikultur">Silvikultur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvologi" title="Silvologi">Silvologi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kehutanan_dan_lingkungan" title="Kategori:Kehutanan dan lingkungan">Lingkungan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daur_ulang_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daur ulang kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Daur ulang kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengawahutanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengawahutanan">Deforestasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujan_asam" title="Hujan asam">Hujan asam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragmentasi_hutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fragmentasi hutan">Fragmentasi hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasa_ekologis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jasa ekologis (halaman belum tersedia)">Jasa ekologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebakaran_liar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebakaran liar">Kebakaran hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kematian_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kematian hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kematian hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peladangan" title="Peladangan">Peladangan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladang_berpindah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladang berpindah (halaman belum tersedia)">Ladang berpindah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembalakan_liar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembalakan liar">Pembalakan liar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengurangan_emisi_dari_deforestasi_dan_degradasi_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengurangan emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengurangan emisi dari deforestasi dan degradasi hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekuestrasi_karbon" title="Sekuestrasi karbon">Sekuestrasi karbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebang_habis" title="Tebang habis">Tebang habis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebang_pilih" title="Tebang pilih">Tebang pilih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesies_invasif" title="Spesies invasif">Spesies invasif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Industri_kayu" title="Kategori:Industri kayu">Industri kayu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatomi_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatomi kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Anatomi kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasil_hutan" title="Hasil hutan">Hasil hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penebangan_kayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Penebangan kayu">Penebangan kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terubusan" class="mw-redirect" title="Terubusan">Terubusan</a></li> <li>Manufaktur <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu_gelondongan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayu gelondongan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kayu gelondongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industri_pulp_dan_kertas" title="Industri pulp dan kertas">Industri pulp dan kertas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penggergajian_kayu" title="Penggergajian kayu">Penggergajian kayu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Produk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayu_lapis" title="Kayu lapis">Kayu lapis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayu_serpih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayu serpih (halaman belum tersedia)">Kayu serpih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venir_kayu" title="Venir kayu">Venir kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papan_partikel" title="Papan partikel">Papan partikel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papan_serat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papan serat (halaman belum tersedia)">Papan serat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnitur" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnitur">Furnitur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biochar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biochar (halaman belum tersedia)">Biochar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomassa" title="Biomassa">Biomassa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasil_hutan_non-kayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasil hutan non-kayu">Hasil hutan non-kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayon">Rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekstraksi_resin" title="Ekstraksi resin">Resin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karet" title="Karet">Karet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulit_kayu_penyamakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulit kayu penyamakan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kulit kayu penyamakan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalur_rel_hutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalur rel hutan">Jalur rel hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_tanaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan tanaman (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan tanaman</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budi_daya_pohon_natal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budi daya pohon natal (halaman belum tersedia)">Budi daya pohon natal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budi_daya_kenanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budi daya kenanga (halaman belum tersedia)">Budi daya kenanga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budi_daya_sengon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budi daya sengon (halaman belum tersedia)">Budi daya sengon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutan_jati" title="Hutan jati">Hutan jati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_pinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan pinus (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan pinus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budi_daya_pohon-pohon_keras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budi daya pohon-pohon keras (halaman belum tersedia)">Budi daya pohon-pohon keras</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">Kayu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pekerjaan_kehutanan" title="Kategori:Pekerjaan kehutanan">Pekerjaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimbawan" title="Rimbawan">Rimbawan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arboris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arboris (halaman belum tersedia)">Arboris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemotong_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemotong kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemotong kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemasang_choker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemasang choker (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemasang choker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi_hutan" title="Ekologi hutan">Ekologis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemadam_kebakaran_liar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemadam kebakaran liar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemadam kebakaran liar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembawa_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembawa kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembawa kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengukur_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengukur kayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengukur kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penebang_kayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Penebang kayu">Penebang kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagawana" title="Jagawana">Jagawana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyadap_getah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyadap getah (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyadap getah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kebijakan and<br /> organisasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Organisasi kehutanan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Tropical_Timber_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Tropical Timber Organization (halaman belum tersedia)">ITTO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Forest_Research_Organizations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Forest Research Organizations (halaman belum tersedia)">IUFRO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forest_Stewardship_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forest Stewardship Council (halaman belum tersedia)">FSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perum_Perhutani" class="mw-redirect" title="Perum Perhutani">Perum Perhutani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutan_Tanaman_Industri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutan Tanaman Industri (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutan Tanaman Industri</a></li> <li>Kementrian <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Direktorat_Jenderal_Kehutanan,_Departemen_Pertanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direktorat Jenderal Kehutanan, Departemen Pertanian (halaman belum tersedia)">Direktorat Jenderal Kehutanan, Departemen Pertanian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Kehutanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departemen Kehutanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen Kehutanan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Kehutanan_dan_Perkebunan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departemen Kehutanan dan Perkebunan (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen Kehutanan dan Perkebunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Kehutanan_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Kehutanan Indonesia">Kementerian Kehutanan Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Lingkungan_Hidup_dan_Kehutanan_Republik_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia">Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_kehutanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebijakan kehutanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebijakan kehutanan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Undang-undang <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-undang_Nomor_41_Tahun_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 (halaman belum tersedia)">Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Nomor_19_Tahun_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2004 (halaman belum tersedia)">Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2004</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perhutanan_sosial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perhutanan sosial (halaman belum tersedia)">Perhutanan sosial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformasi_Agraria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformasi Agraria (halaman belum tersedia)">Reformasi Agraria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konflik_Agraria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konflik Agraria (halaman belum tersedia)">Konflik Agraria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izin_pemanfaatan_hutan" title="Izin pemanfaatan hutan">Izin pemanfaatan hutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_hutan" title="Kawasan hutan">Kawasan hutan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Sekolah_menengah_kejuruan_jurusan_kehutanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar Sekolah menengah kejuruan jurusan kehutanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekolah menengah kejuruan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Universitas_jurusan_kehutanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar Universitas jurusan kehutanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbor_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbor Day (halaman belum tersedia)">Arbor Day</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Big_Tree_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Big Tree Plant (halaman belum tersedia)">Big Tree Plant</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Billion_Tree_Campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Billion Tree Campaign (halaman belum tersedia)">Billion Tree Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Green_Wall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Green Wall (halaman belum tersedia)">Great Green Wall</a> (Africa)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Day_of_Forests&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Day of Forests (halaman belum tersedia)">International Day of Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Year_of_Forests&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Year of Forests (halaman belum tersedia)">International Year of Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Million_Tree_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Million Tree Initiative (halaman belum tersedia)">Million Tree Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-North_Shelter_Forest_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three-North Shelter Forest Program (halaman belum tersedia)">Three-North Shelter Forest Program</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Forestry_Congress" title="World Forestry Congress">World Forestry Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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