General_Instructions | Age and Ageing

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>= 0 ? siteUrl.substring(subdomainIndex) : ''); })(); </script> <input id="routename" name="RouteName" type="hidden" value="ageing" /> </div> </section> <div class="widget widget-SitewideBanner widget-instance-"> </div> <div id="main" class="content-main js-main ui-base"> <section class="master-main row"> <div class="center-inner-row no-overflow"> <div id="skipNav" tabindex="-1"></div> <div class="page-column-wrap"> <div id="cloudCMS" class="secondary-cms"><div id="mainContent" class="secondaryPageMain"><div class="inner"><div class="main"><div class="secondaryContent"> <h1>Information for Authors </h1> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=6481b8a5cc05f10013916a95&product=sop' async='async'></script> <script> document.addEventListener("readystatechange" ,function() { const compactButton = document.querySelector("div.st-custom-button"); if(compactButton) { const mutationObserver = new MutationObserver(entries => { if(document.body.classList.contains("st-body-no-scroll")) { compactButton.ariaExpanded = true; } else { compactButton.ariaExpanded = false; } }) mutationObserver.observe(document.body, { attributes: true }); } }) </script> <p><a data-link-id="5dccacab-d7da-4413-b2cc-c44350f98cf0" href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/pages/mandarin-instructions">These instructions are available in Mandarin. 说明普通话</a> </p> <p><em>Age and Ageing</em> is an international journal publishing refereed original research, review articles and editorial pieces on geriatric medicine and clinical gerontology. Its scope includes applied and clinical research on human ageing and clinical, epidemiological and psychological aspects of later life, medical education and service improvement. We place particular emphasis on material which will be of immediate interest to clinicians. We rarely publish analyses of epidemiological studies where the clinical, health policy or educational implications are not clear. We do not publish in vitro or animal studies.</p> <p>The Editor welcomes submissions which follow the Instructions to Authors. Manuscripts not meeting all of the requirements outlined below cannot be considered for publication and may be returned to the authors for completion.</p> <p>The Editor and Publisher reserve the right to reject manuscripts which do not conform to the policies of <em>Age and Ageing</em> or Oxford University Press. Submissions may be modified or shortened by the Editor before acceptance for publication.</p> <p><em>Age and Ageing</em> is a member of the Committee of Publication Ethics (COPE). In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing. <em>Age and Ageing</em> uses plagiarism detecting software.</p> <p>Manuscripts must be submitted electronically via ScholarOne, the journal's online submission system. Please follow <a data-link-id="ae656498-e24e-4e33-acce-4899e4d27b75" href="https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ageing">this link</a> to submit your manuscript.</p> <p>For support and more information please contact the <em>Age and Ageing</em> Editorial Office. The Editorial Manager is Katy Ladbrook.</p> <p>E-mail: <a class="ApplyClass" data-link-id="de571965-6948-451d-b78f-4eb16b736863" href="mailto:aa@bgs.org.uk">aa@bgs.org.uk</a></p> <h2>Authorship</h2> <p>Authorship is limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the design and execution of the work described. Any contributors whose participation does not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged but not listed as an author. The journal may contact all listed authors at the point of submission to confirm their role. For a detailed definition of authorship, please see the <a data-link-id="9fd6ba94-167c-4dea-83c3-3e0e7c8aee7d" href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html">International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) definitions of authors and contributors</a>.</p> <p>The journal does not allow ghost authorship, where an unnamed author prepares the article with no credit, or guest/gift authorship, where an author who made little or no contribution is listed as an author. The journal follows Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) <a data-link-id="68faf198-3713-4bdd-9d63-ae5cbe07ca4f" href="https://publicationethics.org/files/u7140/Ghost_0.pdf">guidance on investigating and resolving these cases</a>. For more information, please see the <a data-link-id="9cb97f60-c55a-4451-8774-2b5cd7a7d132" href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/authors/preparing_your_manuscript/ethics#Authorship">OUP Publication Ethics page</a>. </p> <p>Natural language processing tools driven by artificial intelligence (AI) do not qualify as authors, and the journal will screen for them in author lists. The use of AI (for example, to help generate content or images, write code, process data, or for translation) should be disclosed both in cover letters to editors and in the Methods or Acknowledgements section of manuscripts. Please see the <a data-link-id="beab599c-a8d2-4a72-824c-28dc853efac7" href="https://publicationethics.org/cope-position-statements/ai-author">COPE position statement on Authorship and AI </a>for more details.</p> <p>After manuscript submission, no authorship changes (including the authorship list, author order, and who is designated as the corresponding author) should be made unless there is a substantive reason to do so. The editor and all co-authors must agree on the change(s), and neither the journal nor the publisher mediates authorship disputes. If individuals cannot agree on the authorship of a submitted manuscript, contact the editorial office at <a data-link-id="700313aa-1364-4112-9124-44fb58c67cb9" href="mailto:aa@bgs.org.uk">aa@bgs.org.uk</a>. The dispute must be resolved among the individuals and their institution(s) before the manuscript can be accepted for publication. If an authorship dispute or change arises after a paper is accepted, contact OUP’s Author Support team. COPE provides <a data-link-id="85501b4c-04f0-47d3-811c-0fbc4ab1e9bf" href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/how-handle-authorship-disputesa-guide-new-researchers">guidance for authors on resolving authorship disputes</a>.</p> <p>After submission, changing who is designated as the corresponding author will be permitted only where there is a substantive reason to do so. For the avoidance of doubt, changing the corresponding author in order to access Read and Publish funding is not permissible. For more information on Read and Publish funding, see the <a data-link-id="b3853613-e07b-4986-878f-5499a8f2e0fe" href="#Open Access options for authors">Open Access options for authors section</a>.</p> <h2>Useful Resources for Authors</h2> <p>Manuscripts should conform to the Uniform Requirements of the <a data-link-id="5d89250d-d76d-4560-bece-caf30432b902" href="http://www.icmje.org/">International Committee of Medical Journal Editors</a>.</p> <p>For reporting of randomised trials, authors are advised to work to the guidelines in the <a data-link-id="eaa714ef-b910-400d-8217-cdbfb549fb31" href="http://www.icmje.org/">CONSORT statement</a>.</p> <p>It is recommended that authors of systematic reviews work to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and include the checklist at the time of submission.</p> <p>Authors may find it useful to refer to the following methodology resources published in <em>Age and Ageing</em>:</p> <ul> <li><a data-link-id="bb76c073-0961-4ef5-bfe4-11d5be3416ef" href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/46/3/359/2654237?searchresult=1">Using quality assessment tools to critically appraise ageing research: a guide for clinicians</a></li> <li><a data-link-id="b0894dfe-177b-48a4-ba36-a9a83b081abc" href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/46/4/576/3787761?searchresult=1">Describing the participants in a study</a></li> <li><a data-link-id="2c1e3137-3ee1-447b-af73-87bfd2a18a6a" href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/46/5/722/3887244?searchresult=1">Systematic reviews: guidance relevant for studies of older people</a></li> <li><a data-link-id="3e321be7-b3fd-4edb-9d24-8a88ca7552fa" href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/46/6/889/4097570?searchresult=1">Conducting and reporting trials for older people</a></li> <li><a data-link-id="c486ec8b-0aa5-42f4-bb3c-de34ebd9c216" href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/47/2/215/4682598?searchresult=1">Review of methodologies of cohort studies of older people</a></li> <li><a data-link-id="15bb06c2-2e65-4130-ad23-fa70651593f9" href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ageing/afy023">Review of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (DTA) studies in older people</a></li> <li><a data-link-id="69ec3c17-7c9c-43b2-8fbc-90b55b0881e8" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv096">Qualitative Research in Age and Ageing: Enhancing Understanding of Ageing, Health and Illness</a></li> <li><a data-link-id="c8994a66-877f-4e43-95c4-cd51196febfd" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu015">How to present statistics in Medical Journals</a></li> </ul> <h2>Article categories</h2> <p>All articles must conform to our formatting guidelines and not exceed the word count limit for its category. Where the author wishes to exceed the word limit, we may be able to accommodate additional information as Supplementary Data if the paper is accepted.</p> <h3>Research Papers:</h3> <p>Should report original findings and include an abstract. A maximum of 3,000 words of text, plus 250-word abstract, 5 tables or figures, no limit of references but we recommend no more than 50.</p> <h3>Short Reports:</h3> <p>A shorter article which should report original findings. Short Reports may contain no more than 2 tables or figures, a maximum of 1,500 words and 30 references. Short Reports include a 250-word abstract and are fully citable. Authors of longer articles may be invited to re-submit a shorter version of their manuscript for publication in this section.</p> <h3>Reviews and Systematic Reviews:</h3> <p>We are particularly interested in reviews of any whole field or aspect of geriatric medicine or gerontology that is of relevance to our mainly clinical readership. These should be authoritative and identify any gaps in our knowledge or understanding. Systematic Reviews must contain a brief section entitled “Search strategy and selection criteria.” This should state clearly: the sources (databases, journal or book reference lists, etc) of the material covered, and the criteria used to include or exclude studies – for example, English language only or studies conducted after a specific date. Maximum 3,500 words, 250-word structured abstract, 5 tables or figures, no limit of references but we recommend no more than 50.</p> <p>It is recommended that authors work to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidance, and all systematic reviews must be accompanied by a completed checklist (available on the <a data-link-id="09e2ba2c-7a04-4870-bd2f-5d97ea44168e" href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/">PRISMA website</a>) which should be included as a supplementary file at the time of submission.</p> <h3>Editorials:</h3> <p>While most of our editorials are commissioned to relate to papers appearing in the journal, we also welcome editorials that deal with important topics on which the author would like to express an opinion, i.e. 'hot' topics. Maximum 1000 words and 15 references. Editorials do not have abstracts.</p> <h3>Commentaries:</h3> <p>Commentaries include debate articles, long comments or personal observations on current research or trends in gerontology or geriatric medicine that is likely to be of interest to <em>Age and Ageing</em> readers. Maximum 1,500 words, 250-word abstract, 15 references and 1 table or figure.</p> <h3>Guidelines:</h3> <p><a data-link-id="21009769-737b-4c45-92ab-d5e01ee836df" href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/search-results?f_TocHeadingTitle=Guidelines">Read our Guidelines</a></p> <p>We will consider for publication full guidelines as main journal content. Prospective authors should contact <a data-link-id="3f38e8ed-881b-437f-a3fd-e0e94606dfd2" href="mailto:aa@bgs.org.uk">aa@bgs.org.uk</a> with their proposal for their guideline using the <a data-link-id="11a0b317-0777-41ef-87c9-1d62bddfe014" href="https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/societyimages/ageing/Guidelines proforma.docx">guideline expression of interest proforma</a> which asks for an outline of the content, an estimate of the article size, information on authors (including public engagement) and funding.</p> <p>Guidelines developed by representative groups, preferably multidisciplinary, will be considered. We strongly encourage diversity of authorship and involving people with relevant lived experience. Guidelines of national societies or bodies will be considered if relevant to an international audience. Preference will be given to guidelines which help practitioners and older adults decide on the most appropriate healthcare, including providing information on benefits/risks and implementation of recommendations. </p> <p>Guidelines should be based on critical appraisal of the evidence, based on systematic literature review. Recommendations should be explicitly linked to supporting evidence. A structured methodology of the guideline development needs to be documented and should include a structured approach to qualifying the strength of recommendation, for example the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) tool. </p> <p>We recommend using the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation) reporting tools and submissions should be accompanied by an <a data-link-id="a7feff96-9dd9-4a19-9665-0b17348938f4" href="https://www.agreetrust.org/resource-centre/agree-reporting-checklist/">AGREE reporting checklist</a>, uploaded as an item of supplementary data. The following aspects would need to be included in any submission: scope of the guideline, intended users, methods employed, intended process for updating content, funders (including funding sources of the sponsoring organisations), process of involving stakeholders, plans for review/updating and author conflicts of interest. </p> <p>Acceptance of a guideline will be under the auspices of the journal and does not comprise ratification or endorsement of the guideline by the British Geriatrics Society </p> <p>Size limit: Appropriate size will be determined together with editorial office, but we would urge authors to allocate non-essential material (such as detailed tables, results, explanations to meet guideline requirements etc) as appendices and to strive to make the main article concise and accessible to the reader. Our anticipation is that the main document, as included in the journal, would be typically 5,000 to 10,000 words (flexible in discussion with journal*) with up to 8 figures and tables, including a table summarising the recommendations, and a structured abstract (up to 500 words). Authors can use the Supplementary Data section to include additional descriptions of methods or context. If there is a plain English summary of the Guidelines, we would welcome this to be included in the submission materials as potential dissemination materials for the journal.  </p> <p><em>10,000* words, no limit for references, 8 tables/figures, 500-word abstract.</em></p> <h3>Guideline Commentary:</h3> <p><a data-link-id="9fdf0cdc-4540-4401-b520-e3e054ea8252" href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/search-results?f_TocHeadingTitle=Guideline+Commentary">Read our Guideline Commentaries</a></p> <p>We welcome commentaries on guidelines which have been published elsewhere. The original guideline should be a high-quality clinical guideline relevant for practitioners in older people’s healthcare, and relevant to an international audience. The commentary should not just provide a summary report but be a narrative (explanation, comments, expansion, focus etc) which is not already published in the main guideline. A commentary which summarises the main recommendations of the guideline for the practitioner, and which reflects on applicability, quality and/or comparison with other guidelines handling the same topic would be useful to the readers. The original guideline should be cited and included in the reference list. Reproduction of any material from the guideline (flowcharts, tables etc) will require permissions. </p> <p><em>2,500 words, 15 references, 1 table/figure, 250-word abstract.</em></p> <h3>Case Reports:</h3> <p><em>Age and Ageing</em> will occasionally publish case reports of exceptional interest. Case reports should be of conditions that provide new insight, describe rare but modifiable disorders or present new treatments or understanding. Case reports are usually peer-reviewed. Case Reports must include a statement that “Written informed consent for publication of their clinical details and/or clinical images was obtained from the patient/proxy”. Proxy consent is required for publication of deceased cases. Please refer to this <a data-link-id="57be347c-0e29-41a9-bf5a-c1d7a09f68a4" data-link-ref="node://10680c37069bed6643a2/982ced22eab1d38d858f/9aa9861ca9bc336adc8b/f6a1d995f3dc60ccf4d2" href="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ageing/document/ConsentForm.docx?node=f6a1d995f3dc60ccf4d2&version=620140:ecb4ee57d33f9f4b5b19">Model Consent Form</a> for further information. Please do not include information in the case report that could lead either directly or indirectly to identification of the patient or other individuals including the patients' family or friends. To respect your patient's and any other individual's privacy please do not send signed forms to Age and Ageing however you should retain copies of the signed forms in the event they should be needed.</p> <p><em>600 words, 125-word abstract, 1 figure or table, 5 references.</em></p> <h3>Qualitative Research Articles / Qualitative Reviews:</h3> <p>We welcome qualitative research papers that offer a fresh understanding of topics in any area of geriatric medicine or gerontology, and that are of relevance to our mainly clinical readership. Articles should be methodologically rigorous, offer new perspectives and data on ‘old' problems or extend current knowledge in particular ways. Maximum 5000 words (including illustrative data), 250-word abstract and 5 tables or figures, no limit of references but we recommend no more than 50.</p> <h3>New Horizons articles:</h3> <p>Authoritative reviews intended to highlight recent and potential future developments in understanding of ageing and clinical, epidemiological, and psychological aspects of later life. 3,500 words, a 250-word abstract, 5 tables or figures, no limit of references but we recommend no more than 50. The reviews in this series carry the heading 'New Horizons in XXXX'.</p> <h3>Best Practice Papers:</h3> <p>We now invite authoritatively written papers describing the best practice in the management of specific clinical conditions that are encountered in the care of older people. Papers highlighting best practice in the use of specific therapies or diagnostic procedures are also welcome. Articles should be novel, evidence-based as much as possible and add value over existing clinical guidelines, with a clear focus on older people. They should be no longer than 3,500 words, with a 250 word abstract and should not normally include more than 50 references. Figures and tables should ideally be limited to a maximum of six. The article should normally be titled ‘Best practice in the management of XXXX’ or ‘Best practice in the use of XXXX’</p> <h3>Healthcare Quality Improvement Reports:</h3> <p>These articles will describe systematic efforts intended to improve the quality of healthcare for older people and the methodological innovations by which improvement was achieved and evaluated. Authors should adhere to the <a data-link-id="203e4014-f437-4163-960a-63676fcfe2f9" href="http://www.squire-statement.org/">Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE)</a> guidelines in preparing their report. Further general advice is available in our <a data-link-id="b3dcf07d-a118-476e-ad79-ccd9249e6e37" href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ageing/afy175/5161157">article describing healthcare improvement science</a>. A maximum of 3,000 words of text, plus 250-word abstract, 5 tables or figures, no limit of references but we recommend no more than 50.</p> <h3>Clinical Trial:</h3> <p>We want to give authors the opportunity to fully report high quality clinical trials. This section is available to fully-powered, definitive Randomised Controlled Trials. Reporting should be in line with CONSORT guidelines. This section is not available for feasibility or pilot trials or non-randomised studies, which but should be submitted as standard research papers. Supplementary material, including protocols and statistical analyses plans, may be submitted, and will be reproduced as submitted, without copy-editing or typesetting. A CONSORT statement and diagram are required. </p> <p><em>5000 words, 50* references, 10 tables/figures, 300-word abstract. </em></p> <h2>Peer-review</h2> <p>Every article published in Age and Ageing has been peer reviewed. Occasional contributions (e.g., editorials) are accepted without external peer review.</p> <p>On submission to Age and Ageing your report will first be read by the Editor and/or an Associate Editor. Our acceptance rate overall is about 11% and many papers are rejected on the basis of this in-house assessment alone. If this is the decision it will be communicated quickly. Papers that are to be considered for publication are usually sent for peer review by at least two reviewers. This process is anonymised. You will be told which Associate Editor has handled the peer review of your paper.</p> <h3>Fast-track peer review and article processing</h3> <p>The Editor is prepared to consider requests for fast-tracked peer review of papers to allow timely dissemination of high quality research, for example to coincide with a conference presentation or allow study data to be included in an upcoming clinical guideline. Please make this request to the Editorial Office (<a data-link-id="914fb457-0405-4704-856f-4b50a46113ba" href="mailto:aa@bgs.org.uk">aa@bgs.org.uk</a>) at least 1 month in advance of submission of your manuscript on Manuscript Central. Pre-submission enquiries should include the study protocol and/or a draft of the abstract of the paper, together with a letter explaining why fast track review is sought.</p> <h2>Formatting guidelines</h2> <h3>General Points:</h3> <ul> <li>We prefer submission of papers as one integral document – please avoid sending your table, figures etc as separate files if possible.</li> <li>We operate double blind peer review, so your manuscript files must be anonymous. Please be careful to remove and identifying information such as author details, acknowledgement, declarations etc. This information is captured in the submission process and must not appear in the Manuscript File.</li> <li>A cover letter is not required to accompany the submission of your journal. Any queries or specific points for consideration should be communicated with the Editorial Manager on <a data-link-id="8b2882d3-3bc8-46da-83e7-69cd3e5ac2f5" href="mailto:aa@bgs.org.uk">aa@bgs.org.uk</a>.</li> <li>Please remove line and page numbering from your manuscript.</li> </ul> <h3>Key Points and Keywords:</h3> <p>When submitting your manuscript you will be asked to provide 3-5 Keywords and 3-5 Key Points (short sentences which summarise the main message of your paper).</p> <p>These Key Words and Points are for indexing purposes, to help your paper be more easily discovered in internet searches. Choosing these Key Words and Points carefully can help readers to find your published work. For more information and advice on how to optimise your paper's search terms, please see <a data-link-id="45810950-93ae-475e-bf49-3bfec8e2f41d" href="https://academic.oup.com/annweh/article/55/6/563/176017/Get-Your-Work-Noticed-How-Authors-Can-Help-Readers?searchresult=1">this editorial from Annals of Work Exposures and Health.</a></p> <h3>Abstracts:</h3> <p>All papers, apart from Clinical Reminders, Letters and Editorials, must include an abstract. On publication these sections are made freely available online and therefore are an important opportunity to draw in the reader. Headings might include background, objective, design, setting, subjects, methods, results, conclusions.</p> <h3>References:      </h3> <p>Age and Ageing journal uses the <a data-link-id="3a6b55f1-4e23-4438-8421-a38e13c9350d" href="https://academic.oup.com/DocumentLibrary/Cybersecurity/Mini-style%20SciMed.pdf">Oxford Journals SCIMED</a> style for references. Citations can be managed using <a data-link-id="baca87fc-34c3-4247-b704-b3cc4198c3c6" href="https://www.zotero.org/styles?q=oxford">Zotero</a> and <a data-link-id="07656da2-6005-481b-86eb-fc7001504e90" href="https://endnote.com/style_download/evolution-medicine-and-public-health/">EndNote</a>. This referencing style requires that references be numbered in order of citation and cited in the text by numbers in square brackets. They should be listed in the reference list in the form prescribed in the <a data-link-id="db2580d4-83e2-4abb-8eb7-bb15bd8e2d82" href="http://www.icmje.org/">Uniform Requirements</a> (giving the names and initials of all authors, unless there are more than six, when the first three should be given, followed by et al.). Provenance of laboratory and biochemical equipment specifically mentioned in the text of your paper must also be provided, including full contact details of manufacturers. Please note that references to Wikipedia pages are not accepted in the journal.</p> <h3>Illustrations:      </h3> <p>Please provide a title for each table or figure. If your paper is accepted you may be asked to send electronic versions of any illustrations as high-resolution image files. Degree of magnification should be indicated where necessary. It is the responsibility of the author(s) to ensure that any requirements of copyright and courtesy are fulfilled in reproducing illustrations and appropriate acknowledgements included with the captions. </p> <p><h4>Figure accessibility and alt text</h4> <p>Incorporating alt text (alternative text) when submitting your paper helps to foster inclusivity and accessibility. Good alt text ensures that individuals with visual impairments or those using screen readers can comprehend the content and context of your figures. The aim of alt text is to provide concise and informative descriptions of your figure so that all readers have access to the same level of information and understanding, and that all can engage with and benefit from the visual elements integral to scholarly content. Including alt text demonstrates a commitment to accessibility and enhances the overall impact and reach of your work.  </p> <p>Alt text is applicable to all images, figures, illustrations, and photographs. </p> <p>Alt text is only accessible via e-reader and so it won’t appear as part of the typeset article. </p> <p><a data-link-id="e21b7c29-26c6-4cd8-bf16-81fa44750ca8" href="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/journals/document/alt-text-figure-accessibility.pdf?node=1329505d4d63d87a12ed">Detailed guidance on how to draft and submit alt text</a>. </p> </p> <h3>Third-Party Content in Open Access papers:      </h3> <p>If you will be publishing your paper under an Open Access licence but it contains material for which you do not have Open Access re-use permissions, please state this clearly by supplying the following credit line alongside the material:<br /> <br /> <em>Title of content<br /> Author, Original publication, year of original publication, by permission of [rights holder]<br /> <br /> This image/content is not covered by the terms of the Creative Commons licence of this publication. For permission to reuse, please contact the rights holder. </em></p> <h3>Abbreviations:</h3> <p>Please ensure all abbreviations or acronyms are defined at first usage, scientific measurements are in SI units, and approved names are used for drugs. Please try to avoid abbreviations wherever possible. In particular, avoid using them in the title and abstract. If abbreviations are essential, ensure that they are defined at first usage.</p> <h3>Language:</h3> <p>Try to avoid language that might be deemed unacceptable or inappropriate (e.g. 'older people' is preferred to 'the elderly', the word 'senile' is best avoided). Take care with wording that might cause offence to ethnic or cultural groups.</p> <h4>Language editing:      </h4> <p>If your first language is not English, you may wish to have your paper professionally edited. This will ensure that the academic content of your paper is fully understood by journal editors and reviewers. Language editing is optional and does not guarantee that your manuscript will be accepted for publication. <a data-link-id="ba530249-fa41-4031-b76a-660df31bad27" href="http://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/authors/language_services">Further information on this service</a>. Several specialist language editing companies offer similar services and you can also use any of these. Authors are liable for all costs associated with such services.</p> <h3>Supplementary data</h3> <p>Where the author wishes to exceed the size limit or present large tables or figures we may be able to accommodate additional information on our web site as Supplementary Data. This should be referenced in the paper as Appendices. The material should not be essential to understanding the conclusions of the paper, but should contain data that is additional or complementary and directly relevant to the article content. Supplementary data may or may not be peer-reviewed.</p> <h4>Supplementary references:</h4> <p>If, for example the limit for your manuscript is 30 references and you have exceeded this, please select the 30 most important references for the main reference list. Create an appendix for the full list of references which will be published as part of the supplementary data. Do not change the numbering of your references, just produce a shorter list of 30 for inclusion in the manuscript. The published version of your article will include a link from the main reference list to the full reference list appendix on the journal website.</p> <h4>Supplementary tables or figures:</h4> <p>If, for example the limit for your manuscript is 5 tables or figures, select the 5 most important and assign the rest as supplementary data. You should reference each of the omitted tables/figures as appendices. For very large tables or figures you should consider submitting an executive or summary version for the main manuscript, and the full version as Supplementary Data.</p> <h4>Supplementary text:</h4> <p>If you are required to edit down the length of your paper, you may want to select sections of text to be Supplementary Data. These sections (for example, methodology) will be removed from the main body of the manuscript and should be referenced as appendices.</p> <p>Please combine all items of supplementary data into a single PDF document. The supplementary data file should be headed with the title of the main article. Each item of supplementary data should be designated as a numbered appendix. If there are more than two items please include a page of contents. Self-contained references within the supplementary data should be listed for each appendix. Be aware that if accepted the supplementary data will not be edited for style and will be published online as additional information presented in the format in which it was submitted.</p> <p><a data-link-id="94f5a08d-6aa8-4aae-8b60-170be4163d38" name="FURTHER SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS"></a></p> <h3>Availability of Data and Materials</h3> <p>Where ethically feasible, <em>Age and Ageing</em> strongly encourages authors to make all data and software code on which the conclusions of the paper rely available to readers. We suggest that data be presented in the main manuscript or additional supporting files, or deposited in a public repository whenever possible. For information on general repositories for all data types, and a list of recommended repositories by subject area, please see <a data-link-id="ced4b027-bd26-4bf4-bb18-711ff548c240" href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/authors/preparing_your_manuscript/research-data-policy#choosing">Choosing where to archive your data</a>.</p> <h3>Research Data Policy</h3> <p>OUP is a signatory to the Center for Open Science's <a data-link-id="e44c8d39-4427-4d2f-a181-d8051d94ab8d" href="https://cos.io/top/">Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines </a>which served as a framework for our overall data policy approach, as well as the policies implemented by individual titles. For more details see the <a data-link-id="dbfc238b-bb21-47c1-a358-d0af34ee530c" href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/authors/preparing_your_manuscript/research-data-policy">Research Data Policy</a> page. </p> <h4>Data and software citation</h4> <p>With OUP, <em>Age and Ageing</em> supports the <a data-link-id="5e3fef0d-5cff-451a-8a6b-b8b7d461aa4c" href="https://www.force11.org/group/joint-declaration-data-citation-principles-final">Force 11 Data Citation Principles</a> and the recommendations of the <a data-link-id="d0f99ba5-bea9-4586-b753-101f3498eb2a" href="https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1257/v2">FORCE11 Software Citation Implementation Group</a>. When data and software underlying the research article are available in an online source, authors should include a full citation in their reference list.<br /> <br /> For details of the minimum information to be included in data and software citations see the guidance on <a data-link-id="6f0a5fb3-4664-4052-95b7-ee308cf9ad18" href="https://academic.oup.com/pages/open-research/research-data#Citing%20research%20data%20and%20software">Citing research data and software</a>.</p> <h3>Preprint policy</h3> <p>Authors retain the right to make an Author’s Original Version (preprint) available through various channels, and this does not prevent submission to the journal. For further information see our <a data-link-id="4e7461b6-d22f-49ad-b445-dc2857c0ac27" href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/authors/authors_faqs/online_licensing">Online Licensing, Copyright and Permissions policies</a>. If accepted, the authors are required to update the status of any preprint, including your published paper’s DOI, as described on our <a data-link-id="2cd1a0b0-edc6-46c1-8913-6d1fcc2a910d" href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/self_archiving_policy_b">Author Self-Archiving policy page</a>.</p> <h4>Submitting you medRxiv preprint to the journal</h4> <p>You can submit your medRxiv preprint directly from the medRxiv server to <em>Age and Ageing</em>. To do this, visit the Author Area in medRxiv and select <em>Age and Ageing</em> from the list of options.</p> <p>This will transfer all manuscript files and author information to <em>Age and Ageing</em>. You will then receive an email with a link to your submission in <em>Age and Ageing</em>, where you will need to answer some additional questions and approve the manuscript for submission.</p> <ul> <li>Authors submitting their medRxiv preprint to <em>Age and Ageing</em> should refer to the section on Preprints. In particular, you should note the following:</li> <li>The preprint that you submit to <em>Age and Ageing</em> must be the Author’s Original Version before any peer review.</li> <li>You should not submit your preprint to more than one journal simultaneously.</li> <li>If your paper is accepted for publication in <em>Age and Ageing</em> you are responsible for ensuring that the preprint is updated with the DOI of and a link to the published paper. medRxiv does this automatically for most papers, but the process is imperfect, particularly if the preprint and paper titles are different.</li> </ul> <h2>Articles accepted for publication</h2> <h3>Author Statements:</h3> <p>Whatever section your submission belongs to, it will be subject to certain legal and ethical publication requirements including:</p> <ul> <li>Author consent</li> <li>Duplicate publishing</li> <li>Patient/ research participant consent</li> <li>Conflicts of interest</li> <li>Declaration of sources of funding</li> <li>Ethics committee approval</li> <li>Clinical trial registration</li> </ul> <p>Submissions not meeting all of the requirements cannot be considered for publication and may be returned to the authors for completion.</p> <p>At the point of acceptance, all authors will be asked to give signed consent to publication, to confirm that they have approved the final version and have made all required statements and declarations. For reference, a copy of the Authors' Statement form can be <a data-link-id="00d46e27-00bf-490b-a15d-5654d79193a1" href="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ageing/document/AuthorStatements.docx?node=0ca244e8cc98e3c183b1&version=438977:dbeaae914a90ff2b62a2">downloaded</a>. Accepted manuscripts will not be able to proceed to publication until signed statements from all authors have been received.</p> <h3>Patient / Proxy Consent:</h3> <p>All Case Reports and Clinical Reminders require the patient's consent for publication in <em>Age and Ageing</em> journal and website. Please refer to this <a data-link-id="f71525fc-67c7-4fcd-99b1-afa7939cfa48" data-link-ref="node://10680c37069bed6643a2/982ced22eab1d38d858f/9aa9861ca9bc336adc8b/f6a1d995f3dc60ccf4d2" href="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ageing/document/ConsentForm.docx?node=f6a1d995f3dc60ccf4d2&version=620140:ecb4ee57d33f9f4b5b19">Model Consent Form</a> which represents key principales of consent which we expect you to have obtained. The author is responsible for obtaining written consent and saving a copy to the patient's case files. Do not send copies to us or upload with your manuscript files.<br /> Case Reports and Clinical Reminders must include a statement that “Written informed consent for publication of their clinical details and/or clinical images was obtained from the patient/proxy”.</p> <h3>Declaration of Sources of Funding:      </h3> <p>All sources of funding must be disclosed at the end of the Methods section or, if there is no Methods section, as an acknowledgement at the end of the text, under the heading ‘Declaration of Sources of Funding'. Authors must also describe what role their financial sponsors played in the design, execution, analysis and interpretation of data, or writing of the study. If they played no role the authors should state this.</p> <p>The following rules should be followed:</p> <ul> <li>The sentence should begin: ‘This work was supported by …'</li> <li>The full official funding agency name should be given, i.e. ‘National Institutes of Health', not ‘NIH' <a data-link-id="d9093d95-5b1c-47af-b3d8-7313c6c20dac" href="http://www.rin.ac.uk/system/files/attachments/List-of-major-UK-research-funders.pdf">(full RIN-approved list of UK funding agencies) </a>Grant numbers should be given in brackets as follows: ‘[grant number xxxx]'</li> <li>Multiple grant numbers should be separated by a comma as follows: ‘[grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]'</li> <li>Agencies should be separated by a semi-colon (plus ‘and' before the last funding agency)</li> <li>Where individuals need to be specified for certain sources of funding the following text should be added after the relevant agency or grant number 'to [author initials]'</li> </ul> <h3>Crossref Funding Data Registry:</h3> <p>In order to meet your funding requirements authors are required to name their funding sources, or state if there are none, during the submission process. For further information on this process or to find out more about the CHORUS initiative please click .</p> <h3>Proofs:</h3> <p>Proofs are sent to authors for the correction of printer's errors only. Authors making extensive alterations will be required to bear resulting costs.</p> <h3>Licence to publish:      </h3> <p>It is a condition of publication in the journal that authors assign copyright to the British Geriatrics Society. This ensures that requests from third parties to reproduce articles are handled efficiently and consistently and will also allow the article to be as widely disseminated as possible. In assigning licence, authors may use their own material in other publications provided that the journal is acknowledged as the original place of publication, and Oxford University Press is notified in writing and in advance.</p> <p>Upon receipt of accepted manuscripts at Oxford Journals authors will be invited to complete an online copyright licence to publish form.</p> <p>Please note that by submitting an article for publication you confirm that you are the corresponding/submitting author and that Oxford University Press ("OUP") may retain your email address for the purpose of communicating with you about the article. You agree to notify OUP immediately if your details change. If your article is accepted for publication OUP will contact you using the email address you have used in the registration process. Please note that OUP does not retain copies of rejected articles.</p> <p>An example is given here: ‘This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [AA123456 to C.S., BB765432 to M.H.]; and the Alcohol & Education Research Council [hfygr667789].'</p> <p>Oxford Journals will deposit all NIH-funded articles in PubMed Central. See<a data-link-id="3be7f206-ebab-494c-9433-243874ee1bdb" href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/authors"> Depositing articles in repositories – information for authors</a><a data-link-id="43a8dc90-281b-48ca-9f89-c9df859909c9" href="http://www.oxfordjournals.org/for_authors/repositories.html"> </a>for details. Authors must ensure that manuscripts are clearly indicated as NIH-funded using the guidelines above.</p> <h3><a data-link-id="05c736f8-dfc1-4b43-8ffc-7025559e003b" id="Open Access options for authors" name="Open Access options for authors"></a>Open Access options for authors</h3> <p><em>Age and Ageing </em>offers the option of publishing under either a standard licence or an open access licence. Please note that some funders require open access publication as a condition of funding. If you are unsure whether you are required to publish open access, please do clarify any such requirements with your funder or institution.</p> <p>Should you wish to publish your article open access, you should select your choice of open access licence in our online system after your article has been accepted for publication. You will need to pay an open access charge to publish under an open access licence.</p> <p><a data-link-id="0741c4db-d16b-46d3-8867-2b3addfb9338" href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/charges">Details of the open access licences and open access charges.</a></p> <p>OUP has a growing number of Read and Publish agreements with institutions and consortia which provide funding for open access publishing. This means authors from participating institutions can publish open access, and the institution may pay the charge. <a data-link-id="20a4e8d6-75a1-4cb1-9668-72abd43879ee" href="https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/authors/production_and_publication/publication-charges/read-and-publish-agreements/participating-journals-and-institutions">Find out if your institution is participating</a>.</p> <p>To be eligible for one of OUP’s Read and Publish agreements, the corresponding author (also described as the Contact Author in ScholarOne) must provide their qualifying institution as their primary affiliation in the personal details of their ScholarOne user account when they submit their manuscript. After submission, changing the corresponding author or primary affiliation in order to access Read and Publish funding is not permissible.</p> <h3>Disseminating your article</h3> <p><em>Age and Ageing</em> and the British Geriatrics Society will be using traditional and social media to maximise the impact of your article. If you are planning any promotions we would be pleased to be included or to collaborate on a joint activity.</p> <p><a data-link-id="0e6afd55-fa17-4297-ba95-f7712ca001b0" href="https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/ageing/document/DisseminateYourArticle.docx?node=ade8efa90146c2387713&version=464381:b932cb94b00276d96c95">This author resource</a> suggests additional ways to share and disseminate your work using repositories, archives and scholarly sharing to make it discoverable to a wider audience. We want to increase the exposure and overall impact of your work and hope you will consider some of these dissemination activities.</p> <script type="text/javascript"> $(".expandableSection").hide(); $(".expandableSectionToggle").click(function() { var y = $(this).attr("trigger-for");$('#' + y).toggle(); }) </script></div></div><div class="right"> <div class="ad"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlockDynamic widget-instance-SecondaryTemplate_RightRailB0SelfServeTopSidebar"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockMainBodyTop-wrap js-adBlockMainBodyTop hide"> <div id="adBlockMainBodyTop" class="js-adblock" style=" " data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockMainBodyTop'); }); </script> </div> <div class="advertisement-text js-adblock-advertisement-text hide">Advertisement intended for healthcare professionals</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ad"> <div class="widget widget-AdBlockDynamic widget-instance-SecondaryTemplate_RightRailB0SelfServeBottomSidebar"> <div class="js-adBlock-parent-wrap"> <div class="adBlockMainBodyBottom-wrap js-adBlockMainBodyBottom hide"> <div id="adBlockMainBodyBottom" class="js-adblock js-adblock-lazy-loading" style=" " data-lazy-load-margin="150"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('adBlockMainBodyBottom'); 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