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id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1928-1935:_The_Gumm/Garland_Sisters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1928-1935:_The_Gumm/Garland_Sisters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1928-1935: The Gumm/Garland Sisters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1928-1935:_The_Gumm/Garland_Sisters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1935-1938:_Early_years_at_Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1935-1938:_Early_years_at_Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1935-1938: Early years at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1935-1938:_Early_years_at_Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1938-1939:_The_Wizard_of_Oz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1938-1939:_The_Wizard_of_Oz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1938-1939: The Wizard of Oz </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1938-1939:_The_Wizard_of_Oz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1940-1946:_Adult_stardom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1940-1946:_Adult_stardom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1940-1946: Adult stardom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1940-1946:_Adult_stardom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1947-1950:_Last_MGM_motion_pictures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1947-1950:_Last_MGM_motion_pictures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1947-1950: Last MGM motion pictures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1947-1950:_Last_MGM_motion_pictures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950-1951:_Appearances_on_Bing_Crosby's_radio_show" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950-1951:_Appearances_on_Bing_Crosby's_radio_show"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 1950-1951: Appearances on Bing Crosby's radio show </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950-1951:_Appearances_on_Bing_Crosby's_radio_show-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1951-1952:_Renewed_stardom_on_the_stage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1951-1952:_Renewed_stardom_on_the_stage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 1951-1952: Renewed stardom on the stage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1951-1952:_Renewed_stardom_on_the_stage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1954-1963:_Hollywood_comeback" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1954-1963:_Hollywood_comeback"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 1954-1963: Hollywood comeback </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1954-1963:_Hollywood_comeback-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1955-1961:_Television,_concerts_and_Carnegie_Hall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1955-1961:_Television,_concerts_and_Carnegie_Hall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 1955-1961: Television, concerts and Carnegie Hall </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1955-1961:_Television,_concerts_and_Carnegie_Hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1961-1964:_The_Judy_Garland_Show" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1961-1964:_The_Judy_Garland_Show"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 1961-1964: The Judy Garland Show </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1961-1964:_The_Judy_Garland_Show-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Political views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Final years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistry_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistry_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Artistry and recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artistry_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Discography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_image_and_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image_and_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Public image and reputation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_image_and_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Honors and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honors_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Honors and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gay_icon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gay_icon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Gay icon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gay_icon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayals_in_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayals_in_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Portrayals in fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayals_in_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Judy Garland</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 124 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-124" aria-hidden="true" > 124 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جودي غارلند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جودي غارلند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cudi_Qarlend" title="Cudi Qarlend – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cudi Qarlend" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جودی قارلند – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جودی قارلند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="জুডি গারল্যান্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুডি গারল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Джуди Гарленд – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Джуди Гарленд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Джудзі Гарленд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джудзі Гарленд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Джудзі Гарлэнд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джудзі Гарлэнд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Джуди Гарланд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джуди Гарланд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garlandov%C3%A1" title="Judy Garlandová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Judy Garlandová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Τζούντι Γκάρλαντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζούντι Γκάρλαντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جودی گارلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جودی گارلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EB%94%94_%EA%B0%88%EB%9F%B0%EB%93%9C" title="주디 갈런드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주디 갈런드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Ջուդի Գառլենդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջուդի Գառլենդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="जुडी गारलैंड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जुडी गारलैंड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="ג'ודי גרלנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ודי גרלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჯუდი გარლანდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯუდი გარლანდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Джуди Гарленд – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джуди Гарленд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iuditha_Garland" title="Iuditha Garland – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iuditha Garland" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BE%C5%ABdija_G%C4%81rlenda" title="Džūdija Gārlenda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džūdija Gārlenda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Џуди Гарланд – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џуди Гарланд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ജൂഡി ഗാർലൻഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൂഡി ഗാർലൻഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جودى جارلند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جودى جارلند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="ジュディ・ガーランド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュディ・ガーランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਜੂਡੀ ਗਰਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੂਡੀ ਗਰਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Джуди Гарленд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джуди Гарленд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Џуди Гарланд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џуди Гарланд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜூடி கார்லேண்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜூடி கார்லேண்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Джуди Гарленд – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Джуди Гарленд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="జూడీ గార్లాండ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జూడీ గార్లాండ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="จูดี การ์แลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จูดี การ์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96_%D2%90%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Джуді Ґарленд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джуді Ґарленд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="جوڈی گارلینڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوڈی گارلینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B0" title="朱迪·加兰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="朱迪·加兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="דזשודי גארלאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דזשודי גארלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%98%89%E8%98%AD" title="茱地嘉蘭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="茱地嘉蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B0" title="朱迪·加兰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朱迪·加兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Judy Garland" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11637#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American actress and singer (1922–1969)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Judy Garland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.png/220px-Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.png/330px-Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.png/440px-Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.png 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Garland in 1945</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Frances Ethel Gumm</div> (1922-06-10)June 10, 1922 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Minnesota" title="Grand Rapids, Minnesota">Grand Rapids, Minnesota</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 22, 1969(1969-06-22) (aged 47) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Belgravia" title="Belgravia">Belgravia</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate_overdose" title="Barbiturate overdose">Barbiturate overdose</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery" title="Hollywood Forever Cemetery">Hollywood Forever Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Actress</li><li>singer</li><li>vaudevillian</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1924–1969</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Judy_Garland_performances" title="List of Judy Garland performances">Filmography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_discography" title="Judy Garland discography">discography</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(songwriter)" title="David Rose (songwriter)">David Rose</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1941; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1944)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1945; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1951)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Luft" title="Sidney Luft">Sidney Luft</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1952; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1965)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Herron" title="Mark Herron">Mark Herron</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1965; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1969)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Deans" title="Mickey Deans">Mickey Deans</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1969)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3; including <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorna_Luft" title="Lorna Luft">Lorna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Judy_Garland" title="List of awards and nominations received by Judy Garland">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Hollywood, California</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Vocals</li> <li>piano (occasionally in her films)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://judygarland.com">judygarland.com</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Judy_Garland_Signature.svg/150px-Judy_Garland_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Judy_Garland_Signature.svg/225px-Judy_Garland_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Judy_Garland_Signature.svg/300px-Judy_Garland_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="146" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922 – June 22, 1969) was an American actress, singer, and vaudevillian. She attained international stardom and critical acclaim as an actress in both musical and dramatic roles, as a recording artist, and on the concert stage. Renowned for her versatility, she received a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Award</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a> and was one of twelve people in history to receive an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Juvenile_Award" title="Academy Juvenile Award">Academy Juvenile Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Garland began performing as a child, with her two elder sisters, in a vaudeville group, <a href="/wiki/The_Gumm_Sisters" title="The Gumm Sisters">The Gumm Sisters</a>, and was signed to <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> as a teenager in 1935. She appeared in more than two dozen films for MGM, including <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wizard of Oz">The Wizard of Oz</a> (1939), <a href="/wiki/Meet_Me_in_St._Louis" title="Meet Me in St. Louis">Meet Me in St. Louis</a> (1944), <a href="/wiki/The_Harvey_Girls" title="The Harvey Girls">The Harvey Girls</a> (1946), <a href="/wiki/Easter_Parade_(film)" title="Easter Parade (film)">Easter Parade</a> (1948), and <a href="/wiki/Summer_Stock" title="Summer Stock">Summer Stock</a> (1950). Garland was a frequent on-screen partner of both <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a>, and regularly collaborated with director <a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a>, her second husband. In 1950, after 15 years with MGM, she was released from her contract with the studio amid a series of personal struggles that prevented her from fulfilling the terms of her contract. Although her film career became intermittent thereafter, two of Garland's most critically acclaimed roles came later in her career: she received <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nominations for the musical drama <a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(1954_film)" title="A Star Is Born (1954 film)">A Star Is Born</a> (1954) and <a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">legal drama</a> <a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a> (1961). She also made concert appearances that attracted record-breaking audience sizes, released <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_discography#Studio_albums" title="Judy Garland discography">eight studio albums</a> and hosted her own <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Emmy</a>-nominated television series, <a href="/wiki/The_Judy_Garland_Show" title="The Judy Garland Show">The Judy Garland Show</a> (1963–1964). At the age of 39, Garland became the youngest (and first female) recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil B. DeMille Award">Cecil B. DeMille Award</a> for lifetime achievement in the film industry. Throughout her career, Garland recorded and introduced numerous songs including "<a href="/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow" title="Over the Rainbow">Over the Rainbow</a>", which became her <a href="/wiki/Signature_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Signature song">signature song</a>, the Christmas classic "<a href="/wiki/Have_Yourself_a_Merry_Little_Christmas" title="Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas">Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas</a>" and the Saint Patrick's Day anthem "<a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Great_Day_for_the_Irish" title="It's a Great Day for the Irish">It's a Great Day for the Irish</a>". She won the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Album of the Year">Grammy Award for Album of the Year</a> for her 1961 live recording, <a href="/wiki/Judy_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="Judy at Carnegie Hall">Judy at Carnegie Hall</a>; she was the first woman to win that award.<a href="#cite_note-Bertram-5">[5]</a> Garland struggled in her personal life from an early age. The pressures of early stardom affected her physical and mental health from the time she was a teenager; her self-image was influenced by constant criticism from film executives who believed that she was physically unattractive and who manipulated her onscreen physical appearance.<a href="#cite_note-Petersen-6">[6]</a> She had financial troubles, often owing hundreds of thousands of dollars in <a href="/wiki/Back_taxes" title="Back taxes">back taxes</a>. Throughout her adulthood, she struggled with <a href="/wiki/Substance_use_disorder" title="Substance use disorder">substance use disorder</a> involving both drugs and alcohol; she died from an accidental <a href="/wiki/Barbiturate_overdose" title="Barbiturate overdose">barbiturate overdose</a> in 1969, at age 47. In 1997, Garland was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a>. Several of her recordings have been inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Grammy Hall of Fame">Grammy Hall of Fame</a>, and in 1999 the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> ranked her as the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Stars" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars">eighth-greatest female screen legend</a> of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">classic Hollywood cinema</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GummHome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/GummHome.jpg/220px-GummHome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/GummHome.jpg/330px-GummHome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/GummHome.jpg/440px-GummHome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3610" data-file-height="2332" /></a><figcaption>Garland's birthplace in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, is now a museum dedicated to her life and career.</figcaption></figure> Garland was born Frances Ethel Gumm on June 10, 1922, in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Minnesota" title="Grand Rapids, Minnesota">Grand Rapids, Minnesota</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>She was the youngest child of Ethel Marion Gumm (née Milne; 1896–1953)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_%22Frank%22_Avent_Gumm" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis "Frank" Avent Gumm">Francis "Frank" Avent Gumm</a> (1886–1935). Her parents were <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudevillians</a> who settled in Grand Rapids to run a movie theater that featured vaudeville acts. She was of Irish, English, Scottish,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and French <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenot</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> ancestry, named after both of her parents and <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptized</a> at a local <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schechter-15">[15]</a> "Baby" (as she was called by her parents and sisters)<a href="#cite_note-judygarland.com-16">[16]</a> shared her family's flair for song and dance. Her first appearance came at the age of two, when she joined her elder sisters Mary Jane "Suzy/Suzanne" Gumm and Dorothy Virginia "Jimmie" Gumm on the stage of her father's movie theater during a Christmas show and sang a chorus of "<a href="/wiki/Jingle_Bells" title="Jingle Bells">Jingle Bells</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShipman199212-17">[17]</a> The Gumm Sisters performed there for the next few years, accompanied by their mother on piano.<a href="#cite_note-judygarland.com-16">[16]</a> The family relocated to <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_California" title="Lancaster, California">Lancaster, California</a>, in June 1926, following rumors that her father had homosexual inclinations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke200123-18">[18]</a> Frank bought and operated another theater in Lancaster,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and Ethel began managing her daughters and working to get them into motion pictures. As she rose to fame, Garland's personal life became a complex blend of public adoration and private struggles. Her career, while filled with legendary performances, was often overshadowed by her ongoing battles with self-image, addiction, and mental health, which were exacerbated by Hollywood’s grueling expectations. Garland was married five times and had three children: Liza Minnelli with director Vincente Minnelli, Lorna Luft and Joey Luft with producer Sidney Luft. Her relationships were often turbulent, influenced by her intense fame and personal challenges. Despite her struggles, Garland had a deep bond with her children, who would each go on to develop a connection to the entertainment industry. Garland’s resilience through hardship, paired with her immense talent, secured her a lasting place in popular culture and a legacy that continues.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1928-1935:_The_Gumm/Garland_Sisters">1928-1935: The Gumm/Garland Sisters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1928-1935: The Gumm/Garland Sisters">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Gumm_Sisters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_Gumm_Sisters.jpg/220px-The_Gumm_Sisters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_Gumm_Sisters.jpg/330px-The_Gumm_Sisters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_Gumm_Sisters.jpg/440px-The_Gumm_Sisters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>The Gumm Sisters, also known as the Garland Sisters, c. 1935: Top row: Mary Jane and Dorothy Virginia Gumm; bottom: Frances Ethel (Judy Garland) Gumm</figcaption></figure> In 1928, <a href="/wiki/The_Gumm_Sisters" title="The Gumm Sisters">the Gumm Sisters</a> enrolled in a dance school run by Ethel Meglin, proprietor of the <a href="/wiki/Meglin_Kiddies" title="Meglin Kiddies">Meglin Kiddies</a> dance troupe. They appeared with the troupe at its annual Christmas show.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke200129–30-22">[22]</a> Through the Meglin Kiddies, they made their film debut in a short subject called The Big Revue (1929), where they performed a song-and-dance number called "That's the Good Old Sunny South". This was followed by appearances in two <a href="/wiki/Vitaphone" title="Vitaphone">Vitaphone</a> shorts the following year: A Holiday in Storyland (featuring Garland's first on-screen solo) and The Wedding of Jack and Jill. They next appeared together in <a href="/wiki/Bubbles_(film)" title="Bubbles (film)">Bubbles</a>. Their final on-screen appearance was in an MGM <a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a> short entitled <a href="/wiki/La_Fiesta_de_Santa_Barbara" title="La Fiesta de Santa Barbara">La Fiesta de Santa Barbara</a> (1935).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinch197543–47,_76-23">[23]</a> The trio had toured the vaudeville circuit as "The Gumm Sisters" for many years by the time they performed in Chicago at the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_Oriental_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Center for the Performing Arts Oriental Theatre">Oriental Theater</a> with <a href="/wiki/George_Jessel_(actor)" title="George Jessel (actor)">George Jessel</a> in 1934. He encouraged the group to choose a more appealing name after "Gumm" was met with laughter from the audience. According to theater legend, their act was once erroneously billed at a Chicago theater as "The Glum Sisters".<a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24">[24]</a> Several stories persist regarding the origin of their use of the name Garland. One is that it was originated by Jessel after <a href="/wiki/Carole_Lombard" title="Carole Lombard">Carole Lombard</a>'s character Lily Garland in the film <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_(film)" title="Twentieth Century (film)">Twentieth Century</a> (1934), which was then playing at the <a href="/wiki/Nederlander_Theatre_(Chicago)" title="Nederlander Theatre (Chicago)">Oriental</a> in Chicago; another is that the girls chose the surname after drama critic Robert Garland.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Garland's daughter <a href="/wiki/Lorna_Luft" title="Lorna Luft">Lorna Luft</a> stated that her mother selected the name when Jessel announced that the trio "looked prettier than a garland of flowers".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuft199926-26">[26]</a> A TV special was filmed in Hollywood at the <a href="/wiki/Pantages_Theatre_(Hollywood)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantages Theatre (Hollywood)">Pantages Theatre</a> premiere of <a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(1954_film)" title="A Star Is Born (1954 film)">A Star Is Born</a> on September 29, 1954, in which Jessel stated: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I think that I ought to tell the folks that it was I who named Judy Garland, "Judy Garland." Not that it would have made any difference – you couldn't have hid[den] that great talent if you'd called her "Tel Aviv Windsor Shell", you know, but her name when I first met her was Frances Gumm and it wasn't the kind of a name that so sensitive a great actress like that should have; ... and so we called her Judy Garland and I think she's a combination of <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a> and maybe <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Lind" title="Jenny Lind">Jenny Lind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bernhardt" title="Sarah Bernhardt">Sarah Bernhardt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></blockquote> A later explanation surfaced when Jessel was a guest on <a href="/wiki/The_Judy_Garland_Show" title="The Judy Garland Show">Garland's television show</a> in 1963. He said that he had sent actress <a href="/wiki/Judith_Anderson" title="Judith Anderson">Judith Anderson</a> a telegram containing the word "garland" and it stuck in his mind.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> However, Garland asked Jessel just moments later if this story was true and he blithely replied "No". By late 1934, the Gumm Sisters had changed their name to the Garland Sisters.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Frances changed her name to "Judy" soon after, inspired by a popular <a href="/wiki/Hoagy_Carmichael" title="Hoagy Carmichael">Hoagy Carmichael</a> song.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards197527-30">[30]</a> The group broke up by August 1935, when Mary Jane "Suzanne" Garland flew to <a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a> and married musician Lee Kahn, a member of the Jimmy Davis orchestra playing at <a href="/wiki/Cal_Neva_Lodge_%26_Casino" title="Cal Neva Lodge & Casino">Cal-Neva Lodge</a>, Lake Tahoe.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1935-1938:_Early_years_at_Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">1935-1938: Early years at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1935-1938: Early years at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy_trailer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy_trailer.JPG/220px-Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy_trailer.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy_trailer.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption>Garland and <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> in <a href="/wiki/Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy" title="Love Finds Andy Hardy">Love Finds Andy Hardy</a> (1938)</figcaption></figure> In September 1935, <a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a> asked songwriter <a href="/wiki/Burton_Lane" title="Burton Lane">Burton Lane</a> to go to the <a href="/wiki/Orpheum_Theatre_(Los_Angeles)" title="Orpheum Theatre (Los Angeles)">Orpheum Theater</a> in downtown Los Angeles to watch the Garland Sisters' vaudeville act and to report to him. A few days later, Garland and her father were brought for an impromptu audition at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios in <a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City</a>. Garland performed "<a href="/wiki/Zing!_Went_the_Strings_of_My_Heart" title="Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart">Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart</a>" and "Eli, Eli", a <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> song written in 1896 and regularly performed in vaudeville.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The studio immediately signed Garland to a contract with MGM, presumably without a <a href="/wiki/Screen_test" title="Screen test">screen test</a>, though she had made a test for the studio several months earlier. The studio did not know what to do with her; aged thirteen, she was older than the traditional child star, but too young for adult roles.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Her physical appearance was a dilemma for MGM. She was only <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>4 ft 11+1⁄2 in (151 cm) and her "cute" or "<a href="/wiki/Girl-next-door" class="mw-redirect" title="Girl-next-door">girl-next-door</a>" looks did not exemplify the glamorous persona then required of leading female performers. She was self-conscious and anxious about her appearance. Garland went to school at Metro with <a href="/wiki/Ava_Gardner" title="Ava Gardner">Ava Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lana_Turner" title="Lana Turner">Lana Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a>, "real beauties", said <a href="/wiki/Charles_Walters" title="Charles Walters">Charles Walters</a>, who directed her in a number of films. "Judy was the big money-maker at the time, a big success, but she was the <a href="/wiki/The_Ugly_Duckling" title="The Ugly Duckling">ugly duckling</a> ... I think it had a very damaging effect on her emotionally for a long time. I think it lasted forever, really."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Her insecurity was exacerbated by the attitude of studio chief Mayer, who referred to her as his "little hunchback".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWayne2003204-35">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rooney-Garland-ebay-1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rooney-Garland-ebay-1938.jpg/220px-Rooney-Garland-ebay-1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rooney-Garland-ebay-1938.jpg/330px-Rooney-Garland-ebay-1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rooney-Garland-ebay-1938.jpg/440px-Rooney-Garland-ebay-1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> and Garland in <a href="/wiki/Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy" title="Love Finds Andy Hardy">Love Finds Andy Hardy</a> (1938)</figcaption></figure> During her early years at the studio, she was photographed and dressed in plain garments or frilly juvenile gowns and costumes to match the "girl-next-door" image created for her. They had her wear removable <a href="/wiki/Crown_(dentistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown (dentistry)">caps</a> on her teeth and rubberized discs to reshape her nose.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank197573-36">[36]</a> On November 16, 1935, 13-year-old Garland was in the midst of preparing for a radio performance on the <a href="/wiki/Shell_Chateau" title="Shell Chateau">Shell Chateaux</a> Hour when she learned that her father had been hospitalized with <a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a> and his medical condition had taken a turn for the worse. He died the following morning at age 49, leaving her devastated. Her song for the Shell Chateau Hour was her first professional rendition of "Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart", a song that became a standard in many of her concerts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke200158-37">[37]</a> Garland performed at various studio functions and was eventually cast opposite <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> in the musical short <a href="/wiki/Every_Sunday" title="Every Sunday">Every Sunday</a> (1936). The film contrasted her vocal range and swing style with Durbin's operatic soprano and served as an extended screen test for them, as studio executives were questioning the wisdom of having two girl singers on the roster.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke200173-38">[38]</a> Garland's first feature-length film was a loan-out to Fox titled Pigskin Parade, a football-themed musical comedy, where she was billed tenth after <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Erwin" title="Stuart Erwin">Stuart Erwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Haley" title="Jack Haley">Jack Haley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patsy_Kelly" title="Patsy Kelly">Patsy Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Grable" title="Betty Grable">Betty Grable</a> and others. Garland sang three solos, including "The Texas Tornado" and "The Balboa". Garland came to the attention of studio executives when she sang a special arrangement of "<a href="/wiki/You_Made_Me_Love_You_(I_Didn%27t_Want_to_Do_It)" title="You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)">You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)</a>" to <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a> at a birthday party that the studio arranged for the actor. Her rendition was so well regarded that she performed the song in the all-star extravaganza <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Melody_of_1938" title="Broadway Melody of 1938">Broadway Melody of 1938</a> (1937), when she sang to a photograph of him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards197547-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_in_Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Judy_Garland_in_Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy_trailer.jpg/220px-Judy_Garland_in_Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Judy_Garland_in_Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy_trailer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption>Garland in Love Finds Andy Hardy (1938)</figcaption></figure> MGM hit a winning formula when it paired Garland with <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> in a string of what were known as "backyard musicals".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The duo first appeared together as supporting characters in the <a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a> <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbreds_Don%27t_Cry" title="Thoroughbreds Don't Cry">Thoroughbreds Don't Cry</a> (1937). Garland was then cast in the fourth of the Hardy Family movies, <a href="/wiki/Love_Finds_Andy_Hardy" title="Love Finds Andy Hardy">Love Finds Andy Hardy</a> (1938), as a literal girl-next-door to Rooney's character Andy Hardy, although Hardy's love interest was played by <a href="/wiki/Lana_Turner" title="Lana Turner">Lana Turner</a>. They teamed as lead characters for the first time in <a href="/wiki/Babes_in_Arms_(film)" title="Babes in Arms (film)">Babes in Arms</a> (1939), ultimately appearing in five additional films, including Hardy films <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hardy_Meets_Debutante" title="Andy Hardy Meets Debutante">Andy Hardy Meets Debutante</a> (1940) and <a href="/wiki/Life_Begins_for_Andy_Hardy" title="Life Begins for Andy Hardy">Life Begins for Andy Hardy</a> (1941). Garland stated that she, Rooney and other young performers were constantly prescribed <a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">amphetamines</a> to stay awake and keep up with the frantic pace of making one film after another.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> They were also given <a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">barbiturates</a> to take before going to bed so they could sleep.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> This regular use of drugs, she said, led to addiction and a life-long struggle. She later resented the hectic schedule and believed MGM stole her youth. Rooney, however, denied their studio was responsible for her addiction: "Judy Garland was never given any drugs by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Mr. Mayer didn't sanction anything for Judy. No one on that lot was responsible for Judy Garland's death. Unfortunately, Judy chose that path."<a href="#cite_note-mgm3-43">[43]</a> Garland's weight was within a healthy range, but the studio demanded she constantly diet. They even went so far as to serve her only a bowl of chicken soup and black coffee when she ordered a regular meal.<a href="#cite_note-Petersen-6">[6]</a> She was plagued with self-doubt throughout her life; despite successful film and recording careers, awards, critical praise and her ability to fill concert halls worldwide, she required constant reassurance that she was talented and attractive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001135–36-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1938-1939:_The_Wizard_of_Oz">1938-1939: The Wizard of Oz</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1938-1939: The Wizard of Oz">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Wizard_of_Oz_Judy_Garland_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_Wizard_of_Oz_Judy_Garland_1939.jpg/180px-The_Wizard_of_Oz_Judy_Garland_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_Wizard_of_Oz_Judy_Garland_1939.jpg/270px-The_Wizard_of_Oz_Judy_Garland_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_Wizard_of_Oz_Judy_Garland_1939.jpg/360px-The_Wizard_of_Oz_Judy_Garland_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption>Garland in <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wizard of Oz">The Wizard of Oz</a> (1939)</figcaption></figure> In 1938, when Garland was sixteen, she was cast as Dorothy Gale in <a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wizard of Oz">The Wizard of Oz</a> (1939), a film based on <a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">the 1900 children's book</a> by <a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a>. In the film, she sang the song with which she would be constantly identified afterward, "<a href="/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow" title="Over the Rainbow">Over the Rainbow</a>". Although producers <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_LeRoy" title="Mervyn LeRoy">Mervyn LeRoy</a> had wanted to cast her in the role from the beginning, studio chief Mayer first tried to borrow <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a> from <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a>, but they declined. <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> was then asked but was unavailable; this resulted in Garland being cast.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJuneau197437-45">[45]</a> Garland was initially outfitted in a blonde wig for the part, but Freed and LeRoy decided against it shortly into filming. Her blue <a href="/wiki/Gingham" title="Gingham">gingham</a> dress was chosen for its blurring effect on her figure, which made her look younger.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinch1975134–35-46">[46]</a> Shooting commenced on October 13, 1938,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke200195-47">[47]</a> and it was completed on March 16, 1939,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001100-48">[48]</a> with a final cost of more than $2 million (equivalent to $34 million in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards197561-49">[49]</a> With the conclusion of filming, MGM kept Garland busy with promotional tours and the shooting of <a href="/wiki/Babes_in_Arms_(film)" title="Babes in Arms (film)">Babes in Arms</a> (also 1939), directed by <a href="/wiki/Busby_Berkeley" title="Busby Berkeley">Busby Berkeley</a>. She and Rooney were sent on a cross-country promotional tour, culminating in the August 17 New York City premiere at the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Capitol Theatre (New York City)">Capitol Theater</a>, which included a five-show-a-day appearance schedule for the two stars.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001102–03-50">[50]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer.jpg/180px-Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer.jpg/270px-Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer.jpg/360px-Judy_Garland_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Garland from the trailer for The Wizard of Oz (1939)</figcaption></figure> Garland was reportedly put on a diet consisting of cigarettes, chicken soup, and coffee during filming in a further attempt to minimize her curves.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> This may be erroneous, as historians Jay Scarfone and William Stillman clarify that at the time Garland was an anti-smoker and was allowed solid food.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> However, her diet was accompanied by swimming and hiking outings, plus games of tennis and badminton with her stunt double Bobbie Koshay. The Wizard of Oz was a tremendous critical success, though its high budget and estimated promotion costs of $4 million (equivalent to $69 million in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-53">[53]</a>), coupled with the lower revenue that was generated by discounted children's tickets, meant that the film did not return a profit until it was re-released in the 1940s and on subsequent occasions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001104-54">[54]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/12th_Academy_Awards" title="12th Academy Awards">1939 Academy Awards</a> ceremony, Garland received her only <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Juvenile_Award" title="Academy Juvenile Award">Academy Juvenile Award</a> for her performances in 1939, including The Wizard of Oz and Babes in Arms. She was the fourth person to receive the award as well as only one of twelve in history to ever be presented with one.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001105-55">[55]</a> After the film, Garland was one of the most bankable actresses in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1940-1946:_Adult_stardom">1940-1946: Adult stardom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1940-1946: Adult stardom">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_in_Meet_Me_in_St_Louis_trailer_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Judy_Garland_in_Meet_Me_in_St_Louis_trailer_2.jpg/220px-Judy_Garland_in_Meet_Me_in_St_Louis_trailer_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Judy_Garland_in_Meet_Me_in_St_Louis_trailer_2.jpg/330px-Judy_Garland_in_Meet_Me_in_St_Louis_trailer_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Judy_Garland_in_Meet_Me_in_St_Louis_trailer_2.jpg/440px-Judy_Garland_in_Meet_Me_in_St_Louis_trailer_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Garland sings "The Trolley Song" in <a href="/wiki/Meet_Me_in_St._Louis" title="Meet Me in St. Louis">Meet Me in St. Louis</a> (1944)</figcaption></figure> Garland starred in three films which were released in 1940: <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hardy_Meets_Debutante" title="Andy Hardy Meets Debutante">Andy Hardy Meets Debutante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strike_Up_the_Band_(film)" title="Strike Up the Band (film)">Strike Up the Band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_Nellie_Kelly" title="Little Nellie Kelly">Little Nellie Kelly</a>. In the last, she played her first adult role, a dual role of both mother and daughter. Little Nellie Kelly was purchased from <a href="/wiki/George_M._Cohan" title="George M. Cohan">George M. Cohan</a> as a vehicle for her to display both her audience appeal and her physical appearance. The role was a challenge for her, requiring the use of an accent, her first adult kiss and the only death scene of her career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJuneau197455–56-57">[57]</a> Her co-star <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> regarded the kiss as embarrassing. He said it felt like "a hillbilly with a child bride".<a href="#cite_note-Petersen-6">[6]</a> During that time, Garland was still in her teens when she experienced her first serious adult romance with bandleader <a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a>. She was deeply devoted to him and was devastated in early 1940 when he eloped with <a href="/wiki/Lana_Turner" title="Lana Turner">Lana Turner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1975148–49-58">[58]</a> In the early 1940s, Garland began a relationship with musician <a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(songwriter)" title="David Rose (songwriter)">David Rose</a>, 12 years her senior.<a href="#cite_note-:16-59">[59]</a> On her 18th birthday, he proposed to her. MGM disapproved of the relationship because, at the time, he was married to actress and singer <a href="/wiki/Martha_Raye" title="Martha Raye">Martha Raye</a>. They agreed to wait a year to allow for his divorce to become final. During that time, Garland had a brief affair with songwriter <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a>. After her breakup with Mercer, Garland and Rose were wed on July 27, 1941, when Garland was only 19 years old.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001155-60">[60]</a> The media called the relationship "a true rarity".<a href="#cite_note-Petersen-6">[6]</a> Together, they moved into a house in <a href="/wiki/Bel_Air,_Los_Angeles" title="Bel Air, Los Angeles">Bel Air, Los Angeles</a>, where Rose had room to build miniature trains in the backyard. Though life together was initially enjoyable, MGM still disapproved of the relationship and allegedly tried to separate them.<a href="#cite_note-:16-59">[59]</a> They, along with Garland's mother, feared the relationship would ruin Garland's image.<a href="#cite_note-:17-61">[61]</a> In 1941, while she was pregnant with Rose's child, Garland had an abortion at the insistence of her mother, Rose, and the studio executives, who disapproved of the pregnancy. According to <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_World" title="Woman's World">Woman's World</a>, Rose was even hostile toward Garland.<a href="#cite_note-:17-61">[61]</a> The couple agreed to undergo a <a href="/wiki/Trial_separation" class="mw-redirect" title="Trial separation">trial separation</a> in January 1943 and they divorced in 1944.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001211-62">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_in_Presenting_Lily_Mars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Judy_Garland_in_Presenting_Lily_Mars.jpg/180px-Judy_Garland_in_Presenting_Lily_Mars.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Judy_Garland_in_Presenting_Lily_Mars.jpg/270px-Judy_Garland_in_Presenting_Lily_Mars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Judy_Garland_in_Presenting_Lily_Mars.jpg/360px-Judy_Garland_in_Presenting_Lily_Mars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="1777" /></a><figcaption>Garland was given the Hollywood "glamor treatment" for <a href="/wiki/Presenting_Lily_Mars" title="Presenting Lily Mars">Presenting Lily Mars</a> (1943)</figcaption></figure> In her next film, <a href="/wiki/For_Me_and_My_Gal_(film)" title="For Me and My Gal (film)">For Me and My Gal</a> (1942), Garland performed with <a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> in his first screen appearance. She was given the "glamor treatment" in <a href="/wiki/Presenting_Lily_Mars" title="Presenting Lily Mars">Presenting Lily Mars</a> (1943), in which she was dressed in "grown-up" gowns. Her lightened hair was also pulled up in a stylish fashion. However, no matter how glamorous or beautiful she appeared on screen or in photographs, she was never confident about her appearance and never escaped the "girl-next-door" image that the studio had created for her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1975175-63">[63]</a> She had a second abortion in 1943 when she became pregnant during an affair with actor <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Power" title="Tyrone Power">Tyrone Power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> One of Garland's most successful films for MGM was <a href="/wiki/Meet_Me_in_St._Louis" title="Meet Me in St. Louis">Meet Me in St. Louis</a> (1944), in which she introduced three standards: "<a href="/wiki/The_Trolley_Song" title="The Trolley Song">The Trolley Song</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Boy_Next_Door_(song)" title="The Boy Next Door (song)">The Boy Next Door</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Have_Yourself_a_Merry_Little_Christmas" title="Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas">Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas</a>". This was one of the first films in her career that gave her the opportunity to be the attractive leading lady. <a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> was assigned to direct and he requested that make-up artist Dorothy Ponedel be assigned to Garland. Ponedel refined her appearance in several ways which included extending and reshaping her eyebrows, changing her hairline, modifying her lip line and removing her nose discs and dental caps. She appreciated the results so much that Ponedel was written into her contract for all her remaining pictures at MGM.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Around the same time, Garland had a brief affair with actor and film director <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>, who was then married to actress <a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a>. Garland and Welles ended the affair in early 1945 but remained on good terms afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> During the filming of Meet Me in St. Louis, Garland and Minnelli had some initial conflicts, but they entered into a relationship and they got married on June 15, 1945.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> On March 12, 1946, daughter <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza</a> was born.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001223-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Clock_(1945_film)" title="The Clock (1945 film)">The Clock</a> (1945) was Garland's first straight dramatic film; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walker_(actor,_born_1918)" title="Robert Walker (actor, born 1918)">Robert Walker</a> was cast in the main male role. Though the film was critically praised and earned a profit, most movie fans expected her to sing. She did not act again in a non-singing dramatic role for many years. Garland's other films of the 1940s include <a href="/wiki/The_Harvey_Girls" title="The Harvey Girls">The Harvey Girls</a> (1946), in which she introduced the Academy Award-winning song "<a href="/wiki/On_the_Atchison,_Topeka_and_the_Santa_Fe" title="On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe">On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe</a>", and <a href="/wiki/Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By" title="Till the Clouds Roll By">Till the Clouds Roll By</a> (1946).<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1947-1950:_Last_MGM_motion_pictures">1947-1950: Last MGM motion pictures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1947-1950: Last MGM motion pictures">edit</a>]</div> During the filming of <a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_(1948_film)" title="The Pirate (1948 film)">The Pirate</a>, Garland suffered a <a href="/wiki/Mental_breakdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental breakdown">nervous breakdown</a> and she was placed in a private <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975108-70">[70]</a> She was able to complete filming, but in July 1947 she made her first suicide attempt, making minor cuts to her wrist with a broken glass.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1975231-71">[71]</a> During this period, she spent two weeks in treatment at the <a href="/wiki/Austen_Riggs_Center" title="Austen Riggs Center">Austen Riggs Center</a>, a psychiatric hospital in <a href="/wiki/Stockbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Stockbridge, Massachusetts">Stockbridge, Massachusetts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The Pirate was released in May 1948 and it was the first film which did not make a profit since Garland had starred in The Wizard of Oz. The main reasons for its failure were not only its cost but also included the increasing expense of the shooting delays while Garland was ill, as well as the general public's unwillingness to accept her in a sophisticated film. Following her work on The Pirate, she co-starred for the first and only time with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (who replaced Gene Kelly after Kelly had broken his ankle) in <a href="/wiki/Easter_Parade_(film)" title="Easter Parade (film)">Easter Parade</a> (1948), which was Hollywood's highest-grossing musical.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TillTheClouds3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/TillTheClouds3.jpg/220px-TillTheClouds3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/TillTheClouds3.jpg/330px-TillTheClouds3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/TillTheClouds3.jpg/440px-TillTheClouds3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Garland in <a href="/wiki/Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By" title="Till the Clouds Roll By">Till the Clouds Roll By</a> (1946)</figcaption></figure> Thrilled by the huge box-office receipts of Easter Parade, MGM immediately teamed Garland and Astaire in <a href="/wiki/The_Barkleys_of_Broadway" title="The Barkleys of Broadway">The Barkleys of Broadway</a>. During the initial filming, Garland was taking <a href="/wiki/Medical_prescription" title="Medical prescription">prescription</a> barbiturate sleeping pills along with illicitly obtained pills containing <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Around this time, she also developed a serious problem with alcohol. These, in combination with <a href="/wiki/Migraine" title="Migraine">migraine</a> headaches, led her to miss several shooting days in a row. After being advised by her doctor that she would only be able to work in four- to five-day increments with extended rest periods between, MGM executive <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> made the decision to suspend her on July 18, 1948. She was replaced in the film by <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShipman1992225-75">[75]</a> When her suspension was over, she was summoned back to work and she ultimately performed two songs as a guest in the <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hart" title="Rodgers and Hart">Rodgers and Hart</a> biopic <a href="/wiki/Words_and_Music_(1948_film)" title="Words and Music (1948 film)">Words and Music</a> (1948), which was her last appearance with Mickey Rooney. Despite the all-star cast, Words and Music barely broke even at the box office. Having regained her strength, as well as some needed weight during her suspension, Garland felt much better and in the fall of 1948, she returned to MGM to replace a pregnant <a href="/wiki/June_Allyson" title="June Allyson">June Allyson</a> for the musical film <a href="/wiki/In_the_Good_Old_Summertime" title="In the Good Old Summertime">In the Good Old Summertime</a> (1949) co-starring <a href="/wiki/Van_Johnson" title="Van Johnson">Van Johnson</a>. Although she was sometimes late arriving at the studio during the making of this picture, she managed to complete it five days ahead of schedule. Her daughter Liza made her film debut at the age of two and a half at the end of the film. In the Good Old Summertime was enormously successful at the box office.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Garland was then cast in the film adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(film)" title="Annie Get Your Gun (film)">Annie Get Your Gun</a> in the title role of <a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a>. She was nervous at the prospect of taking on a role strongly identified with <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a>, anxious about appearing in an unglamorous part after breaking from juvenile parts for several years and disturbed by her treatment at the hands of director <a href="/wiki/Busby_Berkeley" title="Busby Berkeley">Busby Berkeley</a>. Berkeley was severe with Garland's lack of effort, attitude and enthusiasm. She complained to Mayer, trying to have Berkeley fired from the feature. She began arriving late to the set and sometimes failed to appear. At this time, she was also undergoing <a href="/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy" title="Electroconvulsive therapy">electroconvulsive therapy</a> for depression.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> She was fired from the picture on May 10, 1949, and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Betty_Hutton" title="Betty Hutton">Betty Hutton</a>, who stepped in to perform all the musical routines as staged by Robert Alton.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001255-80">[80]</a> Garland underwent an extensive hospital stay at <a href="/wiki/Brigham_and_Women%27s_Hospital" title="Brigham and Women's Hospital">Peter Bent Brigham Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts, in which she was weaned off her medication and after a while, was able to eat and sleep normally. Garland returned to Los Angeles heavier and in the fall of 1949, she was cast opposite Gene Kelly in <a href="/wiki/Summer_Stock" title="Summer Stock">Summer Stock</a> (1950). The film took six months to complete. To lose weight, Garland went back on the pills and the familiar pattern resurfaced. She began showing up late or not at all. When principal photography on Summer Stock was completed in the spring of 1950, it was decided that Garland needed an additional musical number. She agreed to do it provided the song was "<a href="/wiki/Get_Happy_(song)" title="Get Happy (song)">Get Happy</a>". In addition, she insisted that director <a href="/wiki/Charles_Walters" title="Charles Walters">Charles Walters</a> choreograph and stage the number. By that time, Garland had lost 15 pounds and looked more slender. "Get Happy" was the last segment of Summer Stock to be filmed. It was her final picture for MGM. When it was released in the fall of 1950, Summer Stock drew big crowds and racked up very respectable box-office receipts, but because of the costly shooting delays caused by Garland, the film posted a loss of $80,000 to the studio.<a href="#cite_note-Mannix-81">[81]</a> Garland was cast in the film <a href="/wiki/Royal_Wedding" title="Royal Wedding">Royal Wedding</a> with Fred Astaire after June Allyson became pregnant in 1950. She failed to report to the set on multiple occasions and the studio suspended her contract on June 17, 1950. She was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Powell" title="Jane Powell">Jane Powell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1975271-82">[82]</a> Reputable biographies following her death stated that after this latest dismissal, she slightly grazed her neck with a broken glass, requiring only a <a href="/wiki/Band-Aid" title="Band-Aid">Band-Aid</a>, but at the time, the public was informed that a despondent Garland had slashed her throat.<a href="#cite_note-Shana-83">[83]</a> "All I could see ahead was more confusion", Garland later said of this suicide attempt. "I wanted to black out the future as well as the past. I wanted to hurt myself and everyone who had hurt me."<a href="#cite_note-Hyams-84">[84]</a> In September 1950, after 15 years with the studio, Garland and MGM parted company.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1975284–285-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950-1951:_Appearances_on_Bing_Crosby's_radio_show">1950-1951: Appearances on Bing Crosby's radio show</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1950-1951: Appearances on Bing Crosby's radio show">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_1950_publicity_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Judy_Garland_1950_publicity_photo.jpg/170px-Judy_Garland_1950_publicity_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Judy_Garland_1950_publicity_photo.jpg/255px-Judy_Garland_1950_publicity_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Judy_Garland_1950_publicity_photo.jpg/340px-Judy_Garland_1950_publicity_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>Publicity photo of Garland in 1950</figcaption></figure> Garland was a frequent guest on <a href="/wiki/Kraft_Music_Hall" title="Kraft Music Hall">Kraft Music Hall</a>, hosted by her friend <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>. Following Garland's second suicide attempt, Crosby, knowing that she was depressed and running out of money, invited her on his radio show – the first of the new season – on October 11, 1950. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">She was standing in the wings of it trembling with fear. She was almost hysterical. She said, "I cannot go out there because they're all gonna be looking to see if there are scars and it's gonna be terrible." Bing said "What's going on?" and I told him what happened and he walked out on stage and he said: "We got a friend here, she's had a little trouble recently. You probably heard about it – everything is fine now, she needs our love. She needs our support. She's here – let's give it to her, OK? Here's Judy." And she came out and that place went crazy. And she just blossomed.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Hal_Kanter" title="Hal Kanter">Hal Kanter</a>, Writer for Bing</cite></div></blockquote> Garland made eight appearances during the 1950–51 season of <a href="/wiki/The_Bing_Crosby_%E2%80%93_Chesterfield_Show" title="The Bing Crosby – Chesterfield Show">The Bing Crosby – Chesterfield Show</a>, which immediately reinvigorated her career. Soon after, she toured for four months to sellout crowds in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1951-1952:_Renewed_stardom_on_the_stage">1951-1952: Renewed stardom on the stage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1951-1952: Renewed stardom on the stage">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judygarland_astarisborn_warnerbros_publicitystill_19542.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Judygarland_astarisborn_warnerbros_publicitystill_19542.jpg/170px-Judygarland_astarisborn_warnerbros_publicitystill_19542.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Judygarland_astarisborn_warnerbros_publicitystill_19542.jpg/255px-Judygarland_astarisborn_warnerbros_publicitystill_19542.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Judygarland_astarisborn_warnerbros_publicitystill_19542.jpg/340px-Judygarland_astarisborn_warnerbros_publicitystill_19542.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Garland in a publicity still (1954)</figcaption></figure> In 1951, Garland began a four-month concert tour of Britain and Ireland, where she played to sold-out audiences throughout England, Scotland and Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1975304-88">[88]</a> The successful concert tour was the first of her many comebacks, with performances centered on songs by <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a> and revival of vaudevillian "tradition". Garland performed complete shows as tributes to Jolson in her concerts at the <a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">London Palladium</a> in April and at New York's <a href="/wiki/Palace_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Palace Theatre (New York City)">Palace Theater</a> later that year.<a href="#cite_note-Radano-89">[89]</a> Garland said after the Palladium show: "I suddenly knew that this was the beginning of a new life ... Hollywood thought I was through; then came the wonderful opportunity to appear at the London Palladium, where I can truthfully say Judy Garland was reborn."<a href="#cite_note-Radano-89">[89]</a> Her appearances at the Palladium lasted for four weeks, where she received rave reviews and an ovation described by the Palladium manager as the loudest he had ever heard.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-MacPherson-91">[91]</a> Garland's engagement at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_Theatre_(Broadway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace Theatre (Broadway)">Palace Theatre</a> in Manhattan in October 1951 exceeded all previous records for the theater and for Garland and was called "one of the greatest personal triumphs in show business history".<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Garland was honored with a <a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a> for her contribution to the revival of vaudeville.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Garland divorced Minnelli that same year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJuneau1974108-94">[94]</a> On June 8, 1952, she married <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Luft" title="Sidney Luft">Sidney Luft</a>, her tour manager and producer, in <a href="/wiki/Hollister,_California" title="Hollister, California">Hollister, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> On November 21, 1952, Garland gave birth to daughter <a href="/wiki/Lorna_Luft" title="Lorna Luft">Lorna Luft</a>, who became an actress and singer. On March 29, 1955, she gave birth to her son Joey Luft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975166-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1954-1963:_Hollywood_comeback">1954-1963: Hollywood comeback</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1954-1963: Hollywood comeback">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garland_Star_Born_recrop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Garland_Star_Born_recrop.jpg/170px-Garland_Star_Born_recrop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Garland_Star_Born_recrop.jpg/255px-Garland_Star_Born_recrop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Garland_Star_Born_recrop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Garland in <a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(1954_film)" title="A Star Is Born (1954 film)">A Star Is Born</a> (1954)</figcaption></figure> Garland appeared with <a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> film <a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(1954_film)" title="A Star Is Born (1954 film)">A Star Is Born</a> (1954), the first remake of <a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(1937_film)" title="A Star Is Born (1937 film)">the 1937 film</a>. She and Sidney Luft, her then-husband, produced the film through their <a href="/wiki/Production_company" title="Production company">production company</a>, Transcona Enterprises, while Warner Bros. supplied finances, production facilities and crew.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001308-97">[97]</a> Directed by <a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a>, it was a large undertaking to which she initially fully dedicated herself.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> As shooting progressed, however, she began making the same pleas of illness that she had so often made during her final films at MGM. Production delays led to cost overruns and angry confrontations with Warner Bros. head <a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a>. Principal photography wrapped on March 17, 1954. At Luft's suggestion, the "Born in a Trunk" medley was filmed as a showcase for her and inserted over director Cukor's objections, who feared the additional length would lead to cuts in other areas. It was completed on July 29.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001319-99">[99]</a> Upon its world premiere on September 29, 1954, the film was met with critical and popular acclaim. Before its release, it was edited at the instruction of Jack Warner; theater operators, concerned that they were losing money because they were only able to run the film for three or four shows per day instead of five or six, pressured the studio to make additional reductions. After its first-run engagements, about 30 minutes of footage were cut, sparking outrage among critics and filmgoers. Although it was still popular, drawing huge crowds and grossing over $6 million (equivalent to $54 million in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-53">[53]</a>) in its first release, A Star is Born did not make back its cost and ended up losing money. As a result, the secure financial position Garland had expected from the profits did not materialize.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001325-100">[100]</a> Transcona made no more films with Warner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJuneau1974126-101">[101]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_filming_A_Star_Is_Born.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Judy_Garland_filming_A_Star_Is_Born.jpg/170px-Judy_Garland_filming_A_Star_Is_Born.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Judy_Garland_filming_A_Star_Is_Born.jpg/255px-Judy_Garland_filming_A_Star_Is_Born.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Judy_Garland_filming_A_Star_Is_Born.jpg/340px-Judy_Garland_filming_A_Star_Is_Born.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Judy Garland on location filming a scene as a restaurant <a href="/wiki/Carhop" title="Carhop">carhop</a></figcaption></figure> Garland was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and, in the run-up to the <a href="/wiki/27th_Academy_Awards" title="27th Academy Awards">27th Academy Awards</a>, was generally expected to win for A Star Is Born. She could not attend the ceremony because she had just given birth, so a television crew was in her hospital room with cameras and wires to broadcast her anticipated acceptance speech. The Oscar was won, however, by <a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a> for <a href="/wiki/The_Country_Girl_(1954_film)" title="The Country Girl (1954 film)">The Country Girl</a> (1954). The camera crew packed up before Kelly could even reach the stage. <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> sent Garland a telegram after the awards ceremony, declaring her loss "the biggest robbery since <a href="/wiki/Great_Brink%27s_Robbery" title="Great Brink's Robbery">Brinks</a>".<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> labeled her performance as "just about the greatest one-woman show in modern movie history".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001326-103">[103]</a> Garland won the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy">Best Actress in a Musical</a> for the role.<a href="#cite_note-Globes-104">[104]</a> Garland's films after A Star Is Born included <a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a> (1961) (for which she was Oscar and Golden Globe-nominated for Best Supporting Actress),<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> the animated feature <a href="/wiki/Gay_Purr-ee" title="Gay Purr-ee">Gay Purr-ee</a> (1962) and <a href="/wiki/A_Child_Is_Waiting" title="A Child Is Waiting">A Child Is Waiting</a> (1963) with <a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a>. Her final film was <a href="/wiki/I_Could_Go_On_Singing" title="I Could Go On Singing">I Could Go On Singing</a> (1963) with <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1955-1961:_Television,_concerts_and_Carnegie_Hall">1955-1961: Television, concerts and Carnegie Hall</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1955-1961: Television, concerts and Carnegie Hall">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_at_Greek_Theater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Judy_Garland_at_Greek_Theater.jpg/220px-Judy_Garland_at_Greek_Theater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Judy_Garland_at_Greek_Theater.jpg/330px-Judy_Garland_at_Greek_Theater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Judy_Garland_at_Greek_Theater.jpg/440px-Judy_Garland_at_Greek_Theater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3483" data-file-height="3244" /></a><figcaption>Garland in her dressing room at the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Theatre_(Los_Angeles)" title="Greek Theatre (Los Angeles)">Greek Theatre</a> (1957)</figcaption></figure> Garland appeared in a number of television specials beginning in 1955. The first was the 1955 debut episode of <a href="/wiki/Ford_Star_Jubilee" title="Ford Star Jubilee">Ford Star Jubilee</a>; this was the first full-scale color broadcast ever on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> and was a ratings triumph, scoring a 34.8 <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">Nielsen rating</a>. She signed a three-year, US$300,000 (equivalent to $2,660,000 in 2023) contract with the network. Only one additional special was broadcast in 1956, a live concert-edition of <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Theater" title="General Electric Theater">General Electric Theater</a>, before the relationship between the Lufts and CBS broke down in a dispute over the planned format of upcoming specials.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199024-107">[107]</a> In 1956, Garland performed for four weeks at the <a href="/wiki/New_Frontier_Hotel_and_Casino" title="New Frontier Hotel and Casino">New Frontier Hotel</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Strip" title="Las Vegas Strip">Las Vegas Strip</a> for a salary of US$55,000 (equivalent to $470,000 in 2023) per week, making her the highest-paid entertainer to work in Las Vegas.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Despite a brief bout of <a href="/wiki/Laryngitis" title="Laryngitis">laryngitis</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> filled in for her for one performance while she watched from a wheelchair, her performances there were so successful that her run was extended an extra week.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1975420–21-109">[109]</a> Later that year, she returned to the Palace Theatre, site of her two-a-day triumph. She opened in September, once again to rave reviews and popular acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In November 1959, Garland was hospitalized after she was diagnosed with acute <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">hepatitis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Over the next few weeks, several quarts of fluid were drained from her body until she was released from the hospital in January 1960, still in a weak condition. She was told by doctors that she probably had five years or less to live and that, even if she did survive, she would be a semi-invalid and would never sing again.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001347-112">[112]</a> She initially felt "greatly relieved" at the diagnosis. "The pressure was off me for the first time in my life."<a href="#cite_note-Shana-83">[83]</a> However, she recovered over the next several months and in August of that year, returned to the stage of the Palladium. She felt so warmly embraced by the British that she announced her intention to move permanently to England.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001349-113">[113]</a> At the beginning of 1960, Garland signed a contract with <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> to write her autobiography. The book was to be called The Judy Garland Story and to be a collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Fred_F._Finklehoffe" title="Fred F. Finklehoffe">Fred F. Finklehoffe</a>. Garland was paid an advance of US$35,000 (equivalent to $280,000 in 2023) and she and Finklehoffe recorded conversations about her life to be used in producing a manuscript. Garland worked on her autobiography on and off throughout the 1960s, but never completed it. Portions of her unfinished autobiography were included in the 2014 biography, Judy Garland on Judy Garland: Interviews and Encounters by Randy L. Schmidt.<a href="#cite_note-archive.org-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Her concert appearance at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> on April 23, 1961, was a considerable highlight, called by many "the greatest night in show business history".<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The two-record album <a href="/wiki/Judy_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="Judy at Carnegie Hall">Judy at Carnegie Hall</a> was certified <a href="/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Music recording sales certification">gold</a>, charting for 95 weeks on Billboard, including 13 weeks at number one. It won four <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Album of the Year">Album of the Year</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_Pop_Vocal_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance">Best Female Vocal of the Year</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Recording_Package" title="Grammy Award for Best Recording Package">Best Album Cover</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Engineered_Album,_Non-Classical" title="Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical">Best Engineering Contribution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1961-1964:_The_Judy_Garland_Show">1961-1964: The Judy Garland Show</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1961-1964: The Judy Garland Show">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dean_Martin,_Judy_Garland_and_Frank_Sinatra_in_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dean_Martin%2C_Judy_Garland_and_Frank_Sinatra_in_1962.jpg/220px-Dean_Martin%2C_Judy_Garland_and_Frank_Sinatra_in_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dean_Martin%2C_Judy_Garland_and_Frank_Sinatra_in_1962.jpg/330px-Dean_Martin%2C_Judy_Garland_and_Frank_Sinatra_in_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dean_Martin%2C_Judy_Garland_and_Frank_Sinatra_in_1962.jpg/440px-Dean_Martin%2C_Judy_Garland_and_Frank_Sinatra_in_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>, Garland and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> on the 1962 television special The Judy Garland Show</figcaption></figure> In 1961, Garland and CBS settled their contract disputes with the help of her new agent, <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Fields" title="Freddie Fields">Freddie Fields</a>, and negotiated a new round of specials. The first, titled The Judy Garland Show, aired on February 25, 1962,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> and featured guests <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199029-119">[119]</a> Following this success, CBS made a $24 million offer (equivalent to $185.1 million in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-53">[53]</a>) to her for a weekly television series of her own, also to be called <a href="/wiki/The_Judy_Garland_Show" title="The Judy Garland Show">The Judy Garland Show</a>, which was deemed at the time in the press to be "the biggest talent deal in TV history". Although she had said as early as 1955 that she would never do a weekly television series,<a href="#cite_note-Parsons-120">[120]</a> in the early 1960s, she was in a financially precarious situation. She was several hundred thousand dollars in debt to the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>, having failed to pay taxes in 1951 and 1952 and the failure of A Star is Born meant that she received nothing from that investment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975175-121">[121]</a> Following a third special, Judy Garland and Her Guests <a href="/wiki/Phil_Silvers" title="Phil Silvers">Phil Silvers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Goulet" title="Robert Goulet">Robert Goulet</a>, Garland's weekly series debuted September 29, 1963.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders1990391-122">[122]</a> The Judy Garland Show was critically praised,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders1990108–09-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> but for a variety of reasons (including being placed in the time slot opposite <a href="/wiki/Bonanza" title="Bonanza">Bonanza</a> on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>), the show lasted only one season and was canceled in 1964 after 26 episodes. Despite its short run, the series was nominated for four <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Awards</a>, including Best Variety Series.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> During this time, Garland had a six-month affair with actor <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Ford" title="Glenn Ford">Glenn Ford</a>. Garland's biographer <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Clarke_(author)" title="Gerald Clarke (author)">Gerald Clarke</a>, Ford's son <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ford_(actor)" title="Peter Ford (actor)">Peter</a>, singer <a href="/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a>, and her husband Sid Luft wrote about the affair in their respective biographies. The relationship began in 1963 while Garland was doing her television show. Ford would attend tapings of the show sitting in the front row while Garland sang. Ford is credited with giving Garland one of the more stable relationships of her later life. The affair was ended by Ford (a notorious womanizer, according to his son Peter) when he realized Garland wanted to marry him.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Political views">edit</a>]</div> Garland was a life-long and active <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>. During her lifetime, she was a member of the Hollywood Democratic committee and a financial and moral supporter of various causes, including the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a>. She donated money to the campaigns of Democratic presidential candidates <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> In April 1944, Garland escorted Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_O._Davis_Sr." title="Benjamin O. Davis Sr.">Benjamin O. Davis Sr.</a> to a reception honoring the general at the home of <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a>. Davis, the first Black general and highest-ranking Black officer in the U.S. military, was in Los Angeles for the premiere of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a>'s documentary about Black Americans serving in World War II. In September 1947, Garland joined the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_First_Amendment" title="Committee for the First Amendment">Committee for the First Amendment</a>, a group formed by Hollywood celebrities in support of the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Ten" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood Ten">Hollywood Ten</a> during the hearings of the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> (HUAC), an investigative committee of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> led by <a href="/wiki/J._Parnell_Thomas" title="J. Parnell Thomas">J. Parnell Thomas</a>. HUAC was formed to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees and organizations suspected of having communist ties. The Committee for the First Amendment sought to protect the civil liberties of those accused.<a href="#cite_note-auto-131">[131]</a> Other members included <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Dandridge" title="Dorothy Dandridge">Dorothy Dandridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Garfield" title="John Garfield">John Garfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a>. Garland took part in recording an all-star radio broadcast on October 26, 1947, <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Fights_Back" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood Fights Back">Hollywood Fights Back</a>, during which she exhorted listeners to action: "Before every free conscience in America is subpoenaed, please speak up! Say your piece! Write your congressman a letter – air mail special. Let the Congress know what you think of its Un-American Committee."<a href="#cite_note-auto-131">[131]</a> Garland was a friend of President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy</a> and she often vacationed in <a href="/wiki/Hyannis_Port,_Massachusetts" title="Hyannis Port, Massachusetts">Hyannis Port</a>, Massachusetts. The house she stayed in during her vacations in Hyannis Port is known today as The Judy Garland House because of her association with the property.<a href="#cite_note-Luft-132">[132]</a> Garland would call Kennedy weekly, often ending her phone calls by singing the first few lines of "Over the Rainbow".<a href="#cite_note-Luft-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> On August 28, 1963, Garland and other celebrities such as <a href="/wiki/James_Garner" title="James Garner">James Garner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Baker" title="Josephine Baker">Josephine Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a> took part in the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a>, a demonstration organized to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans. She had been photographed by the press in Los Angeles earlier in the month alongside <a href="/wiki/Eartha_Kitt" title="Eartha Kitt">Eartha Kitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> as they planned their participation in the march on the nation's capital. On September 16, 1963, Garland – along with daughter <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Jones" title="Carolyn Jones">Carolyn Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/June_Allyson" title="June Allyson">June Allyson</a> and Allyson's daughter Pam Powell – held a press conference to protest the recent <a href="/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing" title="16th Street Baptist Church bombing">bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>, that resulted in the death of four young African American girls. They expressed their shock and outrage at the attack and requested funds for the families of the victims. Powell and Minnelli both announced their intention to attend the funeral of the victims during the press conference.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_years">Final years</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Final years">edit</a>]</div> In 1963, Garland sued <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Luft" title="Sidney Luft">Sidney Luft</a> for divorce on the grounds of mental cruelty. She also asserted that he had repeatedly struck her while he was drinking and that he had attempted to take their children from her by force.<a href="#cite_note-Divorce-137">[137]</a> She had filed for divorce from Luft on several previous occasions, even as early as 1956, but they had reconciled each time.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mickey_Deans_Judy_Garland_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Mickey_Deans_Judy_Garland_Allan_Warren.jpg/170px-Mickey_Deans_Judy_Garland_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Mickey_Deans_Judy_Garland_Allan_Warren.jpg/255px-Mickey_Deans_Judy_Garland_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Mickey_Deans_Judy_Garland_Allan_Warren.jpg/340px-Mickey_Deans_Judy_Garland_Allan_Warren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1138" data-file-height="1571" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Deans" title="Mickey Deans">Mickey Deans</a> and Garland at their London wedding in March 1969, three months before her death</figcaption></figure> After her television series was canceled, Garland returned to work on the stage. She returned to the London Palladium performing with her 18-year-old daughter Liza Minnelli in November 1964. The concert was also shown on the British television network <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> and it was one of her final appearances at the venue. She made guest appearances on <a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show</a>. Garland guest-hosted an episode of <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Palace" title="The Hollywood Palace">The Hollywood Palace</a> with <a href="/wiki/Vic_Damone" title="Vic Damone">Vic Damone</a>. She was invited back for a second episode in 1966 with <a href="/wiki/Van_Johnson" title="Van Johnson">Van Johnson</a> as her guest. Problems with Garland's behavior ended her Hollywood Palace guest appearances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiOrio1973202-139">[139]</a> A 1964 tour of Australia ended badly. Garland's first two concerts in Sydney were held in the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Stadium" title="Sydney Stadium">Sydney Stadium</a> because no concert hall could accommodate the overflow crowds who wanted to see her. Both went well and received positive reviews. Her third performance, in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, started an hour late. The crowd of 7,000 was angered by her tardiness and believed that she was drunk; they booed and heckled her and she fled the stage after 45 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975213-140">[140]</a> She later characterized the Melbourne crowd as "brutish".<a href="#cite_note-Plot-141">[141]</a> Garland's Melbourne appearance gained a negative press response.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Garland's tour promoter <a href="/wiki/Mark_Herron" title="Mark Herron">Mark Herron</a> announced that they had married aboard a freighter off the coast of Hong Kong. However, she was not officially divorced from Luft at the time the ceremony was performed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975214-143">[143]</a> The divorce became final on May 19, 1965,<a href="#cite_note-Divorce-137">[137]</a> and she and Herron did not legally marry until November 14, 1965; they separated five months later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1975556-144">[144]</a> During their divorce, Garland testified that Herron had beaten her. Herron claimed that he "only hit her in self defense".<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> For much of her career throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, husband Sidney Luft had been her manager. However, Garland eventually parted ways with Luft professionally, signing with agents <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Fields" title="Freddie Fields">Freddie Fields</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Begelman" title="David Begelman">David Begelman</a>. By the fall of 1966, Garland had also parted ways with Fields and Begelman. Fields's and Begelman's mismanagement of Garland's money, as well as their embezzlement of much of her earnings, resulted in her owing around US$500,000 (equivalent to $3,590,000 in 2023) in total in personal debts and in debts to the IRS. The IRS placed <a href="/wiki/Tax_lien" title="Tax lien">tax liens</a> on her home in <a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Los_Angeles" title="Brentwood, Los Angeles">Brentwood, Los Angeles</a>, her recording contract with <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>, and any other business deals from which she could derive an income.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Garland was left in a desperate situation that saw her sell her Brentwood home at a price far below its value. She was then cast in February 1967 in the role of Helen Lawson in <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Dolls_(film)" title="Valley of the Dolls (film)">Valley of the Dolls</a> by <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaman1996292–93-147">[147]</a> According to co-star <a href="/wiki/Patty_Duke" title="Patty Duke">Patty Duke</a>, Garland was treated poorly by director <a href="/wiki/Mark_Robson_(film_director)" title="Mark Robson (film director)">Mark Robson</a> on the set of Valley of the Dolls and was primarily hired to augment publicity for the film.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> After Garland's dismissal from the film, author <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Susann" title="Jacqueline Susann">Jacqueline Susann</a> said in the 1967 television documentary Jacqueline Susann and the Valley of the Dolls, "I think Judy will always come back. She kids about making a lot of comebacks, but I think Judy has a kind of a thing where she has to get to the bottom of the rope and things have to get very, very rough for her. Then with an amazing inner strength that only comes of a certain genius, she comes back bigger than ever".<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Returning to the stage, Garland made one of her last U.S. appearances at New York's Palace Theatre in July 1967, a 27-show stand, performing with her children <a href="/wiki/Lorna_Luft" title="Lorna Luft">Lorna</a> and Joey Luft. She wore a sequined pantsuit on stage for this tour; the pantsuit was part of the original wardrobe for her character in Valley of the Dolls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShipman1992494-150">[150]</a> Garland earned more than US$200,000 (equivalent to $1,390,000 in 2023) from her final run at New York's Palace Theatre from her 75% share of the profits generated by her engagement there. On closing night at the Palace, federal tax agents seized the majority of her earnings.<a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.nz-151">[151]</a> By early 1969, Garland's health had deteriorated. She performed in London at the <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome,_London" title="Hippodrome, London">Talk of the Town</a> nightclub for a five-week run<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001412-152">[152]</a> in which she was paid £2,500 per week,<a href="#cite_note-archive.org-114">[114]</a> and made her last concert appearance in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> during March 1969.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiOrio1973204-153">[153]</a> After her divorce from Herron had been finalized on February 11, she married her fifth and final husband, nightclub manager <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Deans" title="Mickey Deans">Mickey Deans</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Register_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea Register Office">Chelsea Register Office</a>, London, on March 15.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975275-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> Garland was found dead by her husband Mickey Deans in the bathroom of her rented house in <a href="/wiki/Cadogan_Lane" title="Cadogan Lane">Cadogan Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgravia,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgravia, London">Belgravia</a>, London, on June 22, 1969, at the age of 47. At the <a href="/wiki/Inquest" title="Inquest">inquest</a>, Coroner Gavin Thurston stated that the cause of death was "an incautious <a href="/wiki/Drug_overdose" title="Drug overdose">self-overdosage</a>" of <a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">barbiturates</a>; her blood contained the equivalent of ten 1.5-<a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">grain</a> (97 mg) <a href="/wiki/Secobarbital" title="Secobarbital">Seconal</a> capsules.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001422-155">[155]</a> Thurston stressed that the overdose had been unintentional and no evidence suggested that she had intended to kill herself. Garland's <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">autopsy</a> showed no inflammation of her stomach lining and no drug residue in her stomach, which indicated that the drug had been ingested over a long period of time, rather than in a single dose. Her death certificate stated that her death was "accidental".<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Supporting the accidental cause, Garland's physician noted that a prescription of 25 barbiturate pills was found by her bedside half-empty and another bottle of 100 barbiturate pills was still unopened.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> A British specialist who had attended Garland's autopsy stated that she had nevertheless been living on borrowed time owing to <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a>, although a second autopsy conducted later reported no evidence of alcoholism or cirrhosis.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Her Wizard of Oz co-star <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bolger" title="Ray Bolger">Ray Bolger</a> commented at her funeral, "She just plain wore out."<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> After Garland's body had been embalmed and clothed in the same gray, silk gown she wore at her wedding to Deans, Deans traveled with her remains to New York City on June 26, 1969, where an estimated 20,000 people lined up to pay their respects at the <a href="/wiki/Frank_E._Campbell_Funeral_Chapel" title="Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel">Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, which remained open all night long to accommodate the overflowing crowd. On June 27, 1969, <a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a> gave a eulogy at the funeral, an Episcopal service led by the Rev. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Delaney_(priest)" title="Peter Delaney (priest)">Peter Delaney</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Marylebone_Parish_Church" title="St Marylebone Parish Church">St Marylebone Parish Church</a>, London, who had officiated at her marriage to Deans, three months earlier.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> "Judy's great gift", Mason said in his eulogy, "was that she could wring tears out of hearts of rock... She gave so richly and so generously, that there was no currency in which to repay her."<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The public and press were barred. She was interred in a crypt in the community mausoleum at <a href="/wiki/Ferncliff_Cemetery" title="Ferncliff Cemetery">Ferncliff Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hartsdale,_New_York" title="Hartsdale, New York">Hartsdale, New York</a>, a town 24 miles (39 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">midtown Manhattan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Upon Garland's death, despite having earned millions during her career, her estate came to US$40,000 (equivalent to $250,000 in 2023). Years of criminal mismanagement of her financial affairs by her representatives and staff, along with her generosity toward her family and various causes, resulted in her poor financial situation at the end of her life. In her last will, signed and sealed in early 1961, Garland made many generous bequests that could not be fulfilled because her estate had been in debt for many years. Her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a>, worked to pay off her mother's debts with the help of family friend <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In 1978, a selection of Garland's personal items was auctioned off by her ex-husband Sidney Luft with the support of their daughter <a href="/wiki/Lorna_Luft" title="Lorna Luft">Lorna</a> and their son Joey. Almost 500 items, ranging from copper cookware to musical arrangements, were offered for sale. The auction raised US$250,000 (equivalent to $920,000 in 2023) for her heirs.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> At the request of her children, Garland's remains were disinterred from Ferncliff Cemetery in January 2017 and re-interred 2,800 miles (4,500 km) across the country at the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery" title="Hollywood Forever Cemetery">Hollywood Forever Cemetery</a> in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistry_and_recognition">Artistry and recognition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Artistry and recognition">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland-Bob_Cosby.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Judy_Garland-Bob_Cosby.JPG/220px-Judy_Garland-Bob_Cosby.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Judy_Garland-Bob_Cosby.JPG/330px-Judy_Garland-Bob_Cosby.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Judy_Garland-Bob_Cosby.JPG/440px-Judy_Garland-Bob_Cosby.JPG 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Bob_Crosby" title="Bob Crosby">Bob Crosby</a> in <a href="/wiki/Presenting_Lily_Mars" title="Presenting Lily Mars">Presenting Lily Mars</a> (1943)</figcaption></figure> Garland possessed a <a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">contralto</a> singing voice,<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-169">[169]</a> described as brassy,<a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24">[24]</a> powerful, effortless and resonant,<a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[170]</a> often demonstrating a tremulous,<a href="#cite_note-:3-171">[171]</a> powerful <a href="/wiki/Vibrato" title="Vibrato">vibrato</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Although her range was comparatively small, Garland was capable of alternating between female and male-sounding <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">timbres</a> with little effort.<a href="#cite_note-:7-173">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Times-Dispatch" title="Richmond Times-Dispatch">Richmond Times-Dispatch</a> correspondent Tony Farrell wrote she possessed "a deep, velvety contralto voice that could turn on a dime to belt out the high notes".<a href="#cite_note-:2-169">[169]</a> Ron O'Brien, producer of tribute album The Definitive Collection – Judy Garland (2006), wrote the singer's combination of natural <a href="/wiki/Musical_phrasing" title="Musical phrasing">phrasing</a>, elegant delivery, mature <a href="/wiki/Pathos" title="Pathos">pathos</a> "and powerful dramatic <a href="/wiki/Musical_dynamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical dynamic">dynamics</a> she brings to ... songs make her [renditions] the definitive interpretations".<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">The Huffington Post</a> writer Joan E. Dowlin called the period of Garland's music career between 1937 and 1945 the "innocent years", during which the critic believes the singer's "voice was vibrant and her musical expression exuberant", taking note of its resonance and distinct, "rich yet sweet" quality "that grabs you and pulls you in".<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[174]</a> Garland's voice would often vary to suit the song she was interpreting, ranging from soft, engaging and tender during ballads to humorous on some of her duets with other artists.<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[174]</a> Her more joyful, <a href="/wiki/Belting_(music)" title="Belting (music)">belted</a> performances have been compared to entertainers <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Tucker" title="Sophie Tucker">Sophie Tucker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-173">[173]</a> Although her musical repertoire consisted largely of <a href="/wiki/Cast_recording" title="Cast recording">cast recordings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Show_tune" title="Show tune">show tunes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">traditional pop standards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:12-175">[175]</a> Garland was also capable of singing <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> and jazz music, which Dowlin compared to singer <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[174]</a> Garland always claimed that her talent as a performer was inherited, saying: "Nobody ever taught me what to do onstage."<a href="#cite_note-:4-176">[176]</a> Critics agree that, even when she debuted as a child,<a href="#cite_note-:12-175">[175]</a> Garland had always sounded mature for her age,<a href="#cite_note-:14-177">[177]</a> particularly on her earlier recordings.<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[174]</a> From an early age, Garland had been billed as "the little girl with the leather lungs",<a href="#cite_note-:4-176">[176]</a> a designation the singer later admitted to having felt humiliated by because she would have much preferred to have been known to audiences as a "pretty" or "nice little girl".<a href="#cite_note-:5-178">[178]</a> Jessel recalled that, even at only 12 years old, Garland's singing voice resembled that of "a woman with a heart that had been hurt".<a href="#cite_note-:4-176">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star" title="The Kansas City Star">The Kansas City Star</a> contributor Robert Trussel cited Garland's singing voice among the reasons why her role in The Wizard of Oz remains memorable, writing that although "She might have been made up and costumed to look like a little girl ... she didn't sing like one" due to her "powerful contralto command[ing] attention".<a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[170]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meet_Me_In_St_Louis_Judy_Garland_Margaret_O%27Brien_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Meet_Me_In_St_Louis_Judy_Garland_Margaret_O%27Brien_1944.jpg/170px-Meet_Me_In_St_Louis_Judy_Garland_Margaret_O%27Brien_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Meet_Me_In_St_Louis_Judy_Garland_Margaret_O%27Brien_1944.jpg/255px-Meet_Me_In_St_Louis_Judy_Garland_Margaret_O%27Brien_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Meet_Me_In_St_Louis_Judy_Garland_Margaret_O%27Brien_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption>Garland with <a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Brien" title="Margaret O'Brien">Margaret O'Brien</a> in <a href="/wiki/Meet_Me_in_St._Louis" title="Meet Me in St. Louis">Meet Me in St. Louis</a> (1944)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Camille_Paglia" title="Camille Paglia">Camille Paglia</a>, writing for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, joked that even in Garland's adult life, "her petite frame literally throbbed with her huge voice", making it appear as though she were "at war with her own body".<a href="#cite_note-:7-173">[173]</a> Musical theater actress and director Donna Thomason opined that Garland was an "effective" performer because of her ability to make her singing voice "a natural extension of [her] speaking voice", an asset that Thomason believed all musical theater actors should at least strive to achieve.<a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[170]</a> Trussel agreed that "Garland's singing voice sounded utterly natural. It never seemed forced or overly trained."<a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[170]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">Turner Classic Movies</a>, biographer Jonathan Riggs observed that Garland had a tendency to imbue her vocals with a <a href="/wiki/Paradox" title="Paradox">paradoxical</a> combination of "fragility and resilience" that eventually became a signature trademark of hers.<a href="#cite_note-:3-171">[171]</a> This signature style of her performances used to be marked with power in her voice, pronounced enunciation and projecting a sense of vulnerability through her singing and body language.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bronski" title="Michael Bronski">Michael Bronski</a> writes in his book, Culture Clash, <blockquote>There was a hurt in her voice and an immediacy to her performance that gave the impression that it was her pain.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></blockquote> Louis Bayard of <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> described Garland's voice as "throbbing", believing it to be capable of "connect[ing] with [audiences] in a way no other voice does".<a href="#cite_note-:1-181">[181]</a> Bayard also believes that listeners "find it hard to disentwine the sorrow in her voice from the sorrow that dogged her life",<a href="#cite_note-:1-181">[181]</a> while Dowlin argued that, "Listening to Judy sing ... makes me forget all of the angst and suffering she must have endured."<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[174]</a> The New York Times obituarist in 1969 observed that Garland, whether intentionally or not, "brought with her ... all the well-publicized phantoms of her emotional breakdown, her career collapses and comebacks" on stage during later performances.<a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24">[24]</a> The same writer said that Garland's voice changed and lost some of its quality as she aged, although she retained much of her personality.<a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24">[24]</a> Contributing to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a>, Julia Molony observed Garland's voice, although "still rich with emotion", had finally begun to "creak with the weight of years of disappointment and hard-living" by the time she performed at Carnegie Hall in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-:10-182">[182]</a> Similarly, the live record's entry in the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> wrote that "while her voice was still strong, it had also gained a bit of heft and a bit of wear"; author Cary O'Dell believes Garland's rasp and "occasional quiver" only "upped the emotional quotient of many of her numbers", particularly on her signature songs "Over the Rainbow" and "The Man That Got Away".<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Garland stated that she always felt most safe and at home while performing onstage, regardless of the condition of her voice.<a href="#cite_note-:11-184">[184]</a> Her musical talent has been commended by her peers; opera singer <a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a> once said that Garland possessed "the most superb voice she had ever heard", while singer and actor <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> said that "no other singer could be compared to her" when Garland was rested.<a href="#cite_note-:14-177">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> praised Garland as "one of the greatest singers there was."<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Commenting on co-starring with Judy Garland, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> later said: 'Judy's the greatest entertainer who ever lived - or probably will ever live - an amazing girl. "She could do things - anything - without rehearsing and come off perfectly.'<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.jpg/170px-Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.jpg/255px-Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.jpg/340px-Judy_Garland_publicity_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Judy Garland in <a href="/wiki/The_Harvey_Girls" title="The Harvey Girls">The Harvey Girls</a> (1945)</figcaption></figure> Garland was known for interacting with her audiences during live performances; The New York Times obituarist wrote that Garland possessed "a seemingly unquenchable need for her audiences to respond with acclaim and affection. And often, they did, screaming, 'We love you, Judy – we love you.'"<a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24">[24]</a> Garland herself explained in 1961: "A really great reception makes me feel like I have a great big warm heating pad all over me ... I truly have a great love for an audience and I used to want to prove it to them by giving them blood. But I have a funny new thing now, a real determination to make people enjoy the show."<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The New York Times writer described her as both "an instinctive actress and comedienne". The anonymous contributor commented that Garland's performance style resembled that of "a <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> performer in an era when music halls were obsolete".<a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24">[24]</a> Close friends of Garland's insisted that she never truly wanted to be a movie star and would have much rather devoted her career entirely to singing and recording records.<a href="#cite_note-:5-178">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> biographer William Ruhlmann believes that Garland's ability to maintain a successful career as a recording artist even after her film appearances became less frequent was unusual for an artist at the time.<a href="#cite_note-:12-175">[175]</a> Garland has been identified as a <a href="/wiki/Triple_threat_(entertainer)" title="Triple threat (entertainer)">triple threat</a> due to her ability to sing, act and dance,<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> arguably equally well.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Doug Strassler, a critic for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Press" title="New York Press">New York Press</a>, described Garland as a "triple threat" who "bounced between family musicals and adult dramas with a precision and a talent that remains largely unmatched".<a href="#cite_note-:15-190">[190]</a> In terms of acting, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lennon" title="Peter Lennon">Peter Lennon</a>, writing for <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> in 1999, identified Garland as a "chameleon" due to her ability to alternate between comedic, musical and dramatic roles, citing The Wizard of Oz, The Clock, A Star is Born and I Could Go On Singing – her final film role – as prominent examples.<a href="#cite_note-:8-191">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Musto" title="Michael Musto">Michael Musto</a>, a journalist for <a href="/wiki/W_(magazine)" title="W (magazine)">W</a> magazine, wrote that, in her film roles, Garland "could project decency, vulnerability and spunk like no other star and she wrapped it up with a tremulously beautiful vocal delivery that could melt even the most hardened troll".<a href="#cite_note-:13-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Judy_Garland_performances#Filmography" title="List of Judy Garland performances">List of Judy Garland performances § Filmography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_discography" title="Judy Garland discography">Judy Garland discography</a></div> Selected studio albums <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_Souvenir_Album" title="Judy Garland Souvenir Album">Judy Garland Souvenir Album</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_Second_Souvenir_Album" title="Judy Garland Second Souvenir Album">Judy Garland Second Souvenir Album</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_Me_in_St._Louis_(album)" title="Meet Me in St. Louis (album)">Meet Me in St. Louis</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Show_Business" title="Miss Show Business">Miss Show Business</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_(Judy_Garland_album)" title="Judy (Judy Garland album)">Judy</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alone_(Judy_Garland_album)" title="Alone (Judy Garland album)">Alone</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_in_Love" title="Judy in Love">Judy in Love</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Letter_(Judy_Garland_album)" title="The Letter (Judy Garland album)">The Letter</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_Entertainment!_(album)" title="That's Entertainment! (album)">That's Entertainment!</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garland_Touch" title="The Garland Touch">The Garland Touch</a> (1962)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_image_and_reputation">Public image and reputation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public image and reputation">edit</a>]</div> Garland was nearly as famous for her personal struggles in everyday life as she was for her entertainment career.<a href="#cite_note-:7-173">[173]</a> She has been closely associated with her carefully cultivated <a href="/wiki/Girl_next_door" title="Girl next door">girl next door</a> image.<a href="#cite_note-:10-182">[182]</a> Early in her career during the 1930s, Garland's public image had earned her the title "America's favorite kid sister",<a href="#cite_note-:4-176">[176]</a> as well as the title "Little Miss Showbusiness".<a href="#cite_note-:6-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> In a review for the <a href="/wiki/Star_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Tribune">Star Tribune</a>, Graydon Royce wrote that Garland's public image remained that of "a Midwestern girl who couldn't believe where she was", despite having been a well-established celebrity for over 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-:11-184">[184]</a> Royce believes that fans and audiences insisted on preserving their memory of Garland as Dorothy no matter how much she matured, calling her "a captive not of her own desire to stay young, but a captive of the public's desire to preserve her that way".<a href="#cite_note-:11-184">[184]</a> Thus, the studio continued to cast Garland in roles that were significantly younger than her actual age.<a href="#cite_note-:11-184">[184]</a> According to Malony, Garland was one of Hollywood's hardest-working performers during the 1940s, which Malony claims she used as a <a href="/wiki/Coping_(psychology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coping (psychology)">coping mechanism</a> after her first marriage imploded.<a href="#cite_note-:10-182">[182]</a> However, studio employees recall that Garland had a tendency to be quite intense, headstrong and volatile;<a href="#cite_note-:4-176">[176]</a> Judy Garland: The Secret Life of an American Legend author <a href="/wiki/David_Shipman_(writer)" title="David Shipman (writer)">David Shipman</a> claims that several individuals were frustrated by Garland's "<a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">narcissism</a>" and "growing instability", while millions of fans found her public demeanor and <a href="/wiki/Psychological_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological state">psychological state</a> to be "fragile",<a href="#cite_note-:6-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-182">[182]</a> appearing neurotic in interviews.<a href="#cite_note-:11-184">[184]</a> MGM reports that Garland was consistently tardy and demonstrated erratic behavior, which resulted in several delays and disruptions to filming schedules until she was finally dismissed from the studio, which had deemed her unreliable and difficult to manage.<a href="#cite_note-:10-182">[182]</a> Farrell called Garland "A grab bag of contradictions" which "has always been a feast for the American imagination", describing her public persona as "awkward yet direct, bashful yet brash".<a href="#cite_note-:2-169">[169]</a> Describing the singer as "Tender and endearing yet savage and turbulent", Paglia wrote that Garland "cut a path of destruction through many lives. And out of that chaos, she made art of still-searing intensity."<a href="#cite_note-:7-173">[173]</a> Calling her "a creature of extremes, greedy, sensual and demanding, gluttonous for pleasure and pain",<a href="#cite_note-:4-176">[176]</a> Paglia also compared Garland to entertainer <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> due to their shared "emblematic personality ... into whom the mass audience projected its hopes and disappointments", while observing that she lacked Sinatra's survival skills.<a href="#cite_note-:7-173">[173]</a> Despite her success as a performer, Garland suffered from low self-esteem, particularly with regard to her weight, which she constantly dieted to maintain at the behest of the studio and Mayer;<a href="#cite_note-:4-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-192">[192]</a> critics and historians believe this was a result of having been told that she was an "<a href="/wiki/The_Ugly_Duckling" title="The Ugly Duckling">ugly duckling</a>" by studio executives.<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> columnist <a href="/wiki/Gene_Lyons" title="Gene Lyons">Gene Lyons</a> observed that both audiences and fellow members of the entertainment industry "tended either to love her or to hate her".<a href="#cite_note-:6-193">[193]</a> At one point, Stevie Phillips, who had worked as an agent for Garland for four years, described her client as "a demented, demanding, supremely talented drug-addict".<a href="#cite_note-:10-182">[182]</a> Royce argues that Garland maintained "astonishing strength and courage", even during difficult times.<a href="#cite_note-:11-184">[184]</a> English actor <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> once called Garland "the funniest woman I have ever met".<a href="#cite_note-:1-181">[181]</a> Ruhlmann wrote that the singer's personal life "contrasted so starkly with the exuberance and innocence of her film roles".<a href="#cite_note-:12-175">[175]</a> Despite her personal struggles, Garland disagreed with the public's opinion that she was a tragic figure.<a href="#cite_note-:11-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-191">[191]</a> Her younger daughter Lorna agreed that Garland "hated" being referred to as a tragic figure, explaining, "We all have tragedies in our lives, but that does not make us tragic. She was funny and she was warm and she was wonderfully gifted. She had great highs and great moments in her career. She also had great moments in her personal life. Yes, we lost her at 47 years old. That was tragic. But she was not a tragic figure."<a href="#cite_note-:8-191">[191]</a> Ruhlmann argues that Garland actually used the public's opinion of her tragic image to her advantage towards the end of her career.<a href="#cite_note-:12-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_legacy">Honors and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Honors and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Judy_Garland" title="List of awards and nominations received by Judy Garland">List of awards and nominations received by Judy Garland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garland_%26_Rooney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Garland_%26_Rooney.jpg/220px-Garland_%26_Rooney.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Garland_%26_Rooney.jpg/330px-Garland_%26_Rooney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Garland_%26_Rooney.jpg/440px-Garland_%26_Rooney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3546" data-file-height="3261" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> watching Garland put her handprint into concrete at <a href="/wiki/Grauman%27s_Chinese_Theatre" title="Grauman's Chinese Theatre">Grauman's Chinese Theatre</a>, 1939</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_star_HWF.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Judy_Garland_star_HWF.JPG/220px-Judy_Garland_star_HWF.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Judy_Garland_star_HWF.JPG/330px-Judy_Garland_star_HWF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Judy_Garland_star_HWF.JPG/440px-Judy_Garland_star_HWF.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1847" data-file-height="2140" /></a><figcaption>Star for recognition of film work at 1715 <a href="/wiki/Vine_St." class="mw-redirect" title="Vine St.">Vine Street</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>: She has another for recording at 6764 <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard" title="Hollywood Boulevard">Hollywood Boulevard</a>.</figcaption></figure> By the time of her death in 1969, Garland had appeared in more than 35 films.<a href="#cite_note-nytobit-24">[24]</a> She has been called one of the greats of entertainment and her reputation has endured.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> In 1992, Gerald Clarke of <a href="/wiki/Architectural_Digest" title="Architectural Digest">Architectural Digest</a> dubbed Garland "probably the greatest American entertainer of the twentieth century".<a href="#cite_note-:14-177">[177]</a> O'Brien believes that "No one in the history of Hollywood ever packed the musical wallop that Garland did", explaining, "She had the biggest, most versatile voice in movies. Her Technicolor musicals... defined the genre. The songs she introduced were Oscar gold. Her film career frames the Golden Age of Hollywood musicals."<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">Turner Classic Movies</a> dubbed Garland "history's most poignant voice".<a href="#cite_note-:3-171">[171]</a> Entertainment Weekly's Gene Lyons dubbed Garland "the <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> of her generation".<a href="#cite_note-:6-193">[193]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> named her eighth among the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Stars" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars">Greatest female stars</a> of Golden Age Hollywood cinema.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> In June 1998, in The New York Times, Camille Paglia wrote, "Garland was a personality on the grand scale who makes our current crop of pop stars look lightweight and evanescent."<a href="#cite_note-:7-173">[173]</a> In recent years, Garland's legacy has maintained fans of all different ages, both younger and older.<a href="#cite_note-:8-191">[191]</a> In 2010, The Huffington Post contributor Joan E. Dowlin concluded that Garland possessed a distinct "it" quality by "exemplif[ying] the star quality of charisma, musical talent, natural acting ability and, despite what the studio honchos said, good looks (even if they were the girl next door looks)".<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>'s biographer William Ruhlmann said that "the core of her significance as an artist remains her amazing voice and emotional commitment to her songs" and believes that "her career is sometimes viewed more as an object lesson in Hollywood excess than as the remarkable string of multimedia accomplishments it was".<a href="#cite_note-:12-175">[175]</a> In 2012, Strassler described Garland as "more than an icon... Like <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a>, she created a template that the powers that be have forever been trying, with varied levels of success, to replicate."<a href="#cite_note-:15-190">[190]</a> Garland's live performances towards the end of her career are still remembered by fans who attended them as "peak moments in 20th-century music".<a href="#cite_note-:4-176">[176]</a> She has been the subject of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Judy_Garland_biographies" title="List of Judy Garland biographies">over thirty biographies</a> since her death, including the well-received <a href="/wiki/Me_and_My_Shadows:_A_Family_Memoir" title="Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir">Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir</a> by her daughter, Lorna Luft, whose memoir was later adapted into the television miniseries <a href="/wiki/Life_with_Judy_Garland:_Me_and_My_Shadows" title="Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows">Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows</a>, which won Emmy Awards for the two actresses who portrayed her (<a href="/wiki/Tammy_Blanchard" title="Tammy Blanchard">Tammy Blanchard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judy_Davis" title="Judy Davis">Judy Davis</a>).<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> Strassler observed that Garland "created one of the most storied cautionary tales in the industry, thanks to her many excesses and insecurities that led to her early death by overdose".<a href="#cite_note-:15-190">[190]</a> Garland was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> Several of her recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> These include "<a href="/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow" title="Over the Rainbow">Over the Rainbow</a>", which was ranked as the number one movie song of all time in the American Film Institute's "100 Years...100 Songs" list. Four more Garland songs are featured on the list: "<a href="/wiki/Have_Yourself_a_Merry_Little_Christmas" title="Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas">Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas</a>" (No. 76), "<a href="/wiki/Get_Happy_(song)" title="Get Happy (song)">Get Happy</a>" (No. 61), "<a href="/wiki/The_Trolley_Song" title="The Trolley Song">The Trolley Song</a>" (No. 26) and "<a href="/wiki/The_Man_That_Got_Away" title="The Man That Got Away">The Man That Got Away</a>" (No. 11).<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> She has twice been honored on U.S. postage stamps, in 1989 (as Dorothy)<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> and again in 2006 (as Vicki Lester from A Star Is Born).<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> While on tour in 1964, Garland identified "Over the Rainbow" as her favorite of all the songs she had ever recorded, to which Trussel observed that "Her career would remain inextricably linked".<a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[170]</a> Garland would frequently use an overture from "Over the Rainbow" as her entrance music during concerts and television appearances.<a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[170]</a> According to Paglia, the more Garland performed "Over the Rainbow", the more it "became her tragic anthem ... a dirge for artistic opportunities squandered and for personal happiness permanently deferred".<a href="#cite_note-:7-173">[173]</a> In 1998, Carnegie Hall hosted a two-concert tribute to Garland, which they promoted as "a tribute to the world's greatest entertainer".<a href="#cite_note-:7-173">[173]</a> Subsequent celebrities who have suffered from personal struggles with drug addiction and substance use disorder have been compared to Garland, particularly <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[174]</a> Garland's elder daughter <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> had a personal life that was almost parallel to that of her mother's, having struggled with substance use disorder and several unsuccessful marriages.<a href="#cite_note-:10-182">[182]</a> Paglia observed that actress <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> would exhibit behavior which was similar to that which Garland had exhibited a decade earlier in Meet Me in St. Louis, particularly tardiness.<a href="#cite_note-:4-176">[176]</a> On June 10, 2022, the centennial of her birth, she was honored with a perfume named after her entitled "Judy — A Garland Fragrance" created by Vincenzo Spinnato.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gay_icon">Gay icon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Gay icon">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_as_a_gay_icon" title="Judy Garland as a gay icon">Judy Garland as a gay icon</a></div> Garland had a large fan base in the <a href="/wiki/Gay_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay community">gay community</a> and became a gay icon.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Reasons given for her standing among gay men are the admiration of her ability as a performer, the way her personal struggles mirrored those of gay men in the United States during the height of her fame and her value as a <a href="/wiki/Camp_(style)" title="Camp (style)">camp</a> figure.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> In 1965, a reporter asked how she felt about having a large gay following. She replied, "I could [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] care less. I sing to people!"<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portrayals_in_fiction">Portrayals in fiction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Portrayals in fiction">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Judy_Garland_biographies" title="List of Judy Garland biographies">List of Judy Garland biographies</a></div> Garland has been portrayed on television by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_McArdle" title="Andrea McArdle">Andrea McArdle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_(1978_film)" title="Rainbow (1978 film)">Rainbow</a> (1978),<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Blanchard" title="Tammy Blanchard">Tammy Blanchard</a> (young Judy) and <a href="/wiki/Judy_Davis" title="Judy Davis">Judy Davis</a> (older Judy) in <a href="/wiki/Life_with_Judy_Garland:_Me_and_My_Shadows" title="Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows">Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows</a> (2001),<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Thornton" title="Sigrid Thornton">Sigrid Thornton</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Allen:_Not_The_Boy_Next_Door" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Allen: Not The Boy Next Door">Peter Allen: Not The Boy Next Door</a> (2015).<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein" title="Harvey Weinstein">Harvey Weinstein</a> <a href="/wiki/Option_(filmmaking)" title="Option (filmmaking)">optioned</a> <a href="/wiki/Get_Happy:_The_Life_of_Judy_Garland" title="Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland">Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland</a> and a stage show and film based on it were slated to star <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hathaway" title="Anne Hathaway">Anne Hathaway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a> portrayed Garland in the biopic <a href="/wiki/Judy_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judy (film)">Judy</a> (2019) and won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> On stage, Garland is a character in the musical <a href="/wiki/The_Boy_from_Oz" title="The Boy from Oz">The Boy from Oz</a> (1998), portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Chrissy_Amphlett" title="Chrissy Amphlett">Chrissy Amphlett</a> in the original Australian production<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Keating" title="Isabel Keating">Isabel Keating</a> on Broadway in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/End_of_the_Rainbow" title="End of the Rainbow">End of the Rainbow</a> (2005) featured <a href="/wiki/Caroline_O%27Connor_(actress)" title="Caroline O'Connor (actress)">Caroline O'Connor</a> as Garland and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Goddard_(actor)" title="Paul Goddard (actor)">Paul Goddard</a> as Garland's pianist.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Barbeau" title="Adrienne Barbeau">Adrienne Barbeau</a> played Garland in The Property Known as Garland (2006)<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Judy_Monologues" title="The Judy Monologues">The Judy Monologues</a> (2010) initially featured male actors reciting Garland's words before it was revamped as a one-woman show.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> In music, Garland is referenced in the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Tori_Amos" title="Tori Amos">Tori Amos</a> song "Happy Phantom", in which Garland is imagined to be taking <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> by the hand. Amos also refers to Garland as "Judy G" in her 1996 song "Not the Red Baron". Garland is also the titular subject of <a href="/wiki/Frog_(band)" title="Frog (band)">Frog's</a> "Judy Garland" single from 2015.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recordings_by_Judy_Garland" title="List of recordings by Judy Garland">List of recordings by Judy Garland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeter2023" class="citation web cs1">Peter (January 10, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozartproject.org/judy-garland-a-life-in-performance/">"Judy Garland: A Life In Performance"</a>. Mozart Project. Retrieved January 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mozart+Project&rft.atitle=Judy+Garland%3A+A+Life+In+Performance&rft.date=2023-01-10&rft.au=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mozartproject.org%2Fjudy-garland-a-life-in-performance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacher2002" class="citation news cs1">Lacher, Irene (March 22, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-22-et-lacher22-story.html">"A Big Legal Battle Over Garland's Mini Award"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 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Warner Home Video.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pantages+Premiere+TV+Special+on+disc+2+of+A+Star+is+Born+DVD&rft.pub=Warner+Home+Video&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft.au=Jessel%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.co.uk%2FStar-Born-Disc-Special-DVD%2Fdp%2FB00006L9X5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">"Episode 12". The Judy Garland Show. Season 1. Episode 12. 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April 5, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TCM&rft.atitle=Gay+Purr-ee+%281962%29&rft.date=2013-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Ftcmdb%2Ftitle%2F17933%2FJudgment-at-Nuremberg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarlandBogardeKlugmanMacMahon1963" class="citation web cs1">Garland, Judy; Bogarde, Dirk; Klugman, Jack; MacMahon, Aline (October 11, 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057168/">"I Could Go on Singing"</a>. IMDb. Retrieved January 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=I+Could+Go+on+Singing&rft.date=1963-10-11&rft.aulast=Garland&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft.au=Bogarde%2C+Dirk&rft.au=Klugman%2C+Jack&rft.au=MacMahon%2C+Aline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0057168%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanders199024-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanders199024_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSanders1990">Sanders 1990</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/judy-garland/about-judy-garland/600/">"Judy Garland – About Judy Garland | American Masters"</a>. PBS. July 7, 2004. 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Retrieved January 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Judy+Garland+Show&rft.pub=Academy+of+Television+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emmys.com%2Fshows%2Fjudy-garland-show&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ford_(actor)" title="Peter Ford (actor)">Ford, Peter</a> (2011). Glenn Ford: A Life (Wisconsin Film Studies). Madison, Wisconsin: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. pp. 209, 210, 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-29928-154-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-29928-154-0"><bdi>978-0-29928-154-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glenn+Ford%3A+A+Life+%28Wisconsin+Film+Studies%29&rft.place=Madison%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=209%2C+210%2C+211&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-29928-154-0&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuscio2010" class="citation book cs1">Muscio, Giulana (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ShcCbLFdwpoC&q=Judy+Garland+Hollywood+Democratic+committee&pg=PA45">Hollywood's New Deal</a>. Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1439904824" title="Special:BookSources/978-1439904824"><bdi>978-1439904824</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood%27s+New+Deal&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1439904824&rft.aulast=Muscio&rft.aufirst=Giulana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DShcCbLFdwpoC%26q%3DJudy%2BGarland%2BHollywood%2BDemocratic%2Bcommittee%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142829/http://wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu/exhibits/hollywood-democratic-committee/election-campaigns">"Election Campaigns"</a>. Wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu/exhibits/hollywood-democratic-committee/election-campaigns">the original</a> on June 12, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wcftr.commarts.wisc.edu&rft.atitle=Election+Campaigns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwcftr.commarts.wisc.edu%2Fexhibits%2Fhollywood-democratic-committee%2Felection-campaigns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler2013" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Mark (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qz6vYqLoJGgC&q=Judy+Garland+Hollywood+Democratic+committee&pg=PA43">Celebrity Politics</a>. Polity. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0745652481" title="Special:BookSources/978-0745652481"><bdi>978-0745652481</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrity+Politics&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0745652481&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQz6vYqLoJGgC%26q%3DJudy%2BGarland%2BHollywood%2BDemocratic%2Bcommittee%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2017" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, David M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzcZXEAyzB8C&q=Judy+Garland+Hollywood+Democratic+committee&pg=PA232">FDR, Dewey and the Election of 1944</a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253356833" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253356833"><bdi>978-0253356833</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FDR%2C+Dewey+and+the+Election+of+1944&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0253356833&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZzcZXEAyzB8C%26q%3DJudy%2BGarland%2BHollywood%2BDemocratic%2Bcommittee%26pg%3DPA232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_131-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_C._Goulden2019" class="citation book cs1">Joseph C. Goulden (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iLK8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA297">The Best Years, 1945–1950</a>. Courier Dover. p. 297. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486838267" title="Special:BookSources/9780486838267"><bdi>9780486838267</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+Years%2C+1945%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=297&rft.pub=Courier+Dover&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780486838267&rft.au=Joseph+C.+Goulden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiLK8DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luft-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Luft_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luft_132-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuft1998" class="citation book cs1">Luft, Lorna (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memyshadowsfamil00luft">Me and my shadows: a family memoir</a>. New York: Pocket Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671018993" title="Special:BookSources/9780671018993"><bdi>9780671018993</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Me+and+my+shadows%3A+a+family+memoir&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Pocket+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780671018993&rft.aulast=Luft&rft.aufirst=Lorna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemyshadowsfamil00luft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/books/guess-which-song-jfk-asked-judy-garland-to-sing-to-him-over-the-telephone/">"JFK Asked Judy Garland to Sing This Song over the Phone"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JFK+Asked+Judy+Garland+to+Sing+This+Song+over+the+Phone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Fbooks%2Fguess-which-song-jfk-asked-judy-garland-to-sing-to-him-over-the-telephone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeeley2015" class="citation news cs1">Heeley, Joan Kramer (April 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/judy-garland-put-jfk-to-bed-at-night-by-singing-over-the-rainbow">"Judy Garland Put JFK to Bed at Night by Singing 'Over the Rainbow'"</a>. The Daily Beast.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Judy+Garland+Put+JFK+to+Bed+at+Night+by+Singing+%27Over+the+Rainbow%27&rft.date=2015-04-08&rft.aulast=Heeley&rft.aufirst=Joan+Kramer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fjudy-garland-put-jfk-to-bed-at-night-by-singing-over-the-rainbow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/meeting-with-the-press-actresses-carolyn-jones-june-allison-news-photo/515512382">"Meeting with the press actresses Carolyn Jones June Allison and Judy..."</a> Getty Images. March 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Getty+Images&rft.atitle=Meeting+with+the+press+actresses+Carolyn+Jones+June+Allison+and+Judy...&rft.date=2016-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gettyimages.com%2Fdetail%2Fnews-photo%2Fmeeting-with-the-press-actresses-carolyn-jones-june-allison-news-photo%2F515512382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://judygarlandnews.com/2018/06/03/on-this-day-in-judy-garlands-life-and-career-june-3/">"On This Day In Judy Garland's Life And Career"</a>. June 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+This+Day+In+Judy+Garland%27s+Life+And+Career&rft.date=2018-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjudygarlandnews.com%2F2018%2F06%2F03%2Fon-this-day-in-judy-garlands-life-and-career-june-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Divorce-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Divorce_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Divorce_137-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Judy Wins Divorce From Sid Luft". <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_State_Journal" title="Wisconsin State Journal">Wisconsin State Journal</a>. May 20, 1965.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+State+Journal&rft.atitle=Judy+Wins+Divorce+From+Sid+Luft&rft.date=1965-05-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrwin1968" class="citation news cs1">Irwin, Elson (November 17, 1968). "Judy Garland: Femme Fatale". <a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Stars and Stripes</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=Judy+Garland%3A+Femme+Fatale&rft.date=1968-11-17&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=Elson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiOrio1973202-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiOrio1973202_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiOrio1973">DiOrio 1973</a>, p. 202. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975213-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975213_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEdwards1975">Edwards 1975</a>, p. 213. </li> <li id="cite_note-Plot-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Plot_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarland1967" class="citation news cs1">Garland, Judy (August 1967). "The Plot Against Judy Garland". <a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal" title="Ladies' Home Journal">Ladies' Home Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ladies%27+Home+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Plot+Against+Judy+Garland&rft.date=1967-08&rft.aulast=Garland&rft.aufirst=Judy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Judy Garland Locks Self in Hotel Room". <a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Stars and Stripes</a>. UPI. May 24, 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=Judy+Garland+Locks+Self+in+Hotel+Room&rft.date=1964-05-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975214-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975214_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEdwards1975">Edwards 1975</a>, p. 214. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank1975556-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank1975556_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrank1975">Frank 1975</a>, p. 556. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-01-19-me-26521-story.html">"Obituaries : Mark Herron; Judy Garland's Fourth Husband"</a>. Los Angeles Times. January 19, 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Obituaries+%3A+Mark+Herron%3B+Judy+Garland%27s+Fourth+Husband&rft.date=1996-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1996-01-19-me-26521-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejudyroom.com/garlandsforjudy/Garlands-For-Judy-August-2017.pdf">"Judy at the Palace 50th Anniversary"</a> (PDF). Thejudyroom.com. Retrieved August 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thejudyroom.com&rft.atitle=Judy+at+the+Palace+50th+Anniversary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejudyroom.com%2Fgarlandsforjudy%2FGarlands-For-Judy-August-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaman1996292–93-147"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaman1996292–93_147-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeaman1996">Seaman 1996</a>, pp. 292–93. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuestis2009" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Huestis, Marc (August 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3N9AAnnxpS8">Patty Duke on Judy Garland in Valley of the Dolls @ Castro Theatre Event!</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/3N9AAnnxpS8">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patty+Duke+on+Judy+Garland+in+Valley+of+the+Dolls+%40+Castro+Theatre+Event%21&rft.date=2009-08-28&rft.aulast=Huestis&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3N9AAnnxpS8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Concluding_Chapter_of_Crawford2018" class="citation audio-visual cs1">The Concluding Chapter of Crawford (August 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dejC_A-Cp3w">"Jacqueline Susann & The Valley of The Dolls" 1967 Documentary</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/dejC_A-Cp3w">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Jacqueline+Susann+%26+The+Valley+of+The+Dolls%22+1967+Documentary&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft.au=The+Concluding+Chapter+of+Crawford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DdejC_A-Cp3w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShipman1992494-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShipman1992494_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShipman1992">Shipman 1992</a>, p. 494. </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.nz-151"><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.nz_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchechter2006" class="citation book cs1">Schechter, Scott (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GMtT0rOMyS4C&pg=PA351">Judy Garland: The Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Legend</a>. Taylor Trade Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1461635550" title="Special:BookSources/978-1461635550"><bdi>978-1461635550</bdi></a>. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judy+Garland%3A+The+Day-by-Day+Chronicle+of+a+Legend&rft.pub=Taylor+Trade+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1461635550&rft.aulast=Schechter&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGMtT0rOMyS4C%26pg%3DPA351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001412-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2001412_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarke2001">Clarke 2001</a>, p. 412. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiOrio1973204-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiOrio1973204_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiOrio1973">DiOrio 1973</a>, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975275-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards1975275_154-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEdwards1975">Edwards 1975</a>, p. 275. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2001422-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2001422_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClarke2001">Clarke 2001</a>, p. 422. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080126123423/http://users.deltacomm.com/rainbowz/eotr.html">"Judy Garland The Live Performances. The End of the Rainbow"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.deltacomm.com/rainbowz/eotr.html">the original</a> on January 26, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judy+Garland+The+Live+Performances.+The+End+of+the+Rainbow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.deltacomm.com%2Frainbowz%2Feotr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> citing the <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a> article "Judy Took Too Many Pills" and containing a copy of Garland's death certificate. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulberg1969" class="citation magazine cs1">Schulberg, Bud (July 11, 1969). "A Farewell to Judy". <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a>. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=A+Farewell+to+Judy&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1969-07-11&rft.aulast=Schulberg&rft.aufirst=Bud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-judy-garland-believed-ki/157892328/">"Judy Garland Believed Killed by Overdose"</a>. <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a>. Times Wire Services. June 24, 1969. p. 2. Retrieved October 26, 2024 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=Judy+Garland+Believed+Killed+by+Overdose&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1969-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Ftampa-bay-times-judy-garland-believed-ki%2F157892328%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFricke2011" class="citation book cs1">Fricke, John (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eRpn-KHdJosC&q=judy%20garland%20cirrhosis%20autopsy&pg=PA37">Judy: A Legendary Film Career</a>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: <a href="/wiki/Running_Press" title="Running Press">Running Press</a>. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-4368-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-4368-0"><bdi>978-0-7624-4368-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judy%3A+A+Legendary+Film+Career&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7624-4368-0&rft.aulast=Fricke&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeRpn-KHdJosC%26q%3Djudy%2520garland%2520cirrhosis%2520autopsy%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310205305/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840196-1,00.html">"Singers: End of the Rainbow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. July 4, 1969. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840196-1,00.html">the original</a> on March 10, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Singers%3A+End+of+the+Rainbow&rft.date=1969-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C840196-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930031516/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840196-1,00.html">"End of the Rainbow"</a>. Time. July 4, 1969. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840196-1,00.html">the original</a> on September 30, 2007. Retrieved December 18, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=End+of+the+Rainbow&rft.date=1969-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C840196-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Gelder1969" class="citation news cs1">Van Gelder, Lawrence (June 28, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/04/09/specials/garland-funeral.html">"Judy Garland's Funeral Draws Her Colleagues"</a>. The New York Times: Books. 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Retrieved October 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clash+Music&rft.atitle=Premiere%3A+Frog+-+%27Judy+Garland%27&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clashmusic.com%2Fmusic-videos%2Fpremiere-frog-judy-garland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adobeandteardrops.com/2015/09/interview-three-questions-for-frog.html">"INTERVIEW: Three Questions for Frog – Adobe & Teardrops"</a>. September 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INTERVIEW%3A+Three+Questions+for+Frog+%E2%80%93+Adobe+%26+Teardrops&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadobeandteardrops.com%2F2015%2F09%2Finterview-three-questions-for-frog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/new-music/discovery/listen-frog-judy-garland-premiere">"Listen: Frog - "Judy Garland" [Premiere]"</a>. The Line of Best Fit.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Line+of+Best+Fit&rft.atitle=Listen%3A+Frog+-+%22Judy+Garland%22+%5BPremiere%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelineofbestfit.com%2Fnew-music%2Fdiscovery%2Flisten-frog-judy-garland-premiere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Clarke_(author)" title="Gerald Clarke (author)">Clarke, Gerald</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/Get_Happy:_The_Life_of_Judy_Garland" title="Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland">Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50378-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50378-8"><bdi>978-0-375-50378-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Get+Happy%3A+The+Life+of+Judy+Garland&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-375-50378-8&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiOrio1973" class="citation book cs1">DiOrio, Al Jr. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gethappylifeofju00clar">Little Girl Lost: The Life and Hard Times of Judy Garland</a>. New York City: Manor Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50378-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50378-8"><bdi>978-0-375-50378-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Little+Girl+Lost%3A+The+Life+and+Hard+Times+of+Judy+Garland&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Manor+Books&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-375-50378-8&rft.aulast=DiOrio&rft.aufirst=Al+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgethappylifeofju00clar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Edwards" title="Anne Edwards">Edwards, Anne</a> (1975). Judy Garland. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-80228-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-80228-8"><bdi>978-0-671-80228-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judy+Garland&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-671-80228-8&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinch1975" class="citation book cs1">Finch, Christopher (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rainbowstormylif00finc">Rainbow: The Stormy Life of Judy Garland</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-25173-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-25173-2"><bdi>978-0-345-25173-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rainbow%3A+The+Stormy+Life+of+Judy+Garland&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-345-25173-2&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frainbowstormylif00finc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank1975" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Gerold (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judyfran00fran">Judy</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-011337-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-011337-7"><bdi>978-0-06-011337-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-06-011337-7&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Gerold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjudyfran00fran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuneau1974" class="citation book cs1">Juneau, James (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judygarland00june">Judy Garland: A Pyramid Illustrated History of the Movies</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramid Books">Pyramid Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-515-03482-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-515-03482-0"><bdi>978-0-515-03482-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judy+Garland%3A+A+Pyramid+Illustrated+History+of+the+Movies&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Pyramid+Publications&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-515-03482-0&rft.aulast=Juneau&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjudygarland00june&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuft1999" class="citation book cs1">Luft, Lorna (1999). Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-283-06320-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-283-06320-6"><bdi>978-0-283-06320-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Me+and+My+Shadows%3A+A+Family+Memoir&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-283-06320-6&rft.aulast=Luft&rft.aufirst=Lorna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1990" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, Coyne Steven (1990). Rainbow's End: The Judy Garland Show. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensington Books">Zebra Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8217-3708-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8217-3708-8"><bdi>978-0-8217-3708-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rainbow%27s+End%3A+The+Judy+Garland+Show&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Zebra+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8217-3708-8&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Coyne+Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaman1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Seaman" title="Barbara Seaman">Seaman, Barbara</a> (1996). Lovely Me: The Life of Jacqueline Susann. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Seven_Stories_Press" title="Seven Stories Press">Seven Stories Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9658770-6-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9658770-6-0"><bdi>978-0-9658770-6-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lovely+Me%3A+The+Life+of+Jacqueline+Susann&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Seven+Stories+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-9658770-6-0&rft.aulast=Seaman&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipman1992" class="citation book cs1">Shipman, David (1992). Judy Garland: The Secret Life of an American Legend. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Disney_Hyperion" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney Hyperion">Hyperion</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7868-8026-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7868-8026-3"><bdi>978-0-7868-8026-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judy+Garland%3A+The+Secret+Life+of+an+American+Legend&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7868-8026-3&rft.aulast=Shipman&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne2003" class="citation book cs1">Wayne, Jane Ellen (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldengirlsofmgm00wayn">The Golden Girls of MGM</a>. New York City: Carroll & Graf Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-1303-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-1303-5"><bdi>978-0-7867-1303-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Girls+of+MGM&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-1303-5&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Jane+Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoldengirlsofmgm00wayn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteiger,_Brad1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brad_Steiger" title="Brad Steiger">Steiger, Brad</a> (1969). Judy Garland. London: Ace. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2577482">2577482</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judy+Garland&rft.place=London&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Ace&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2577482&rft.au=Steiger%2C+Brad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Garland" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Judy Garland at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" class="extiw" title="c:Judy Garland">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Judy_Garland" class="extiw" title="q:Judy Garland">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11637" class="extiw" title="d:Q11637">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header">Listen to this article (58 minutes)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="3480" data-mwtitle="En-Judy_Garland-article.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-Judy_Garland-article.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-Judy_Garland-article.ogg/En-Judy_Garland-article.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Judy_Garland-article.ogg" title="File:En-Judy Garland-article.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 17 June 2018 (2018-06-17), and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://judygarland.com/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejudyroom.com/">The Judy Room</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.judy-garland.org/index.html">Judy-Garland.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226192239/http://judy-garland.org/index.html">Archived</a> December 26, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://judygarlandmuseum.com/">Judy Garland Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Person/90673-Judy-Garland">Judy Garland</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">American Film Institute Catalog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000023/">Judy Garland</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11637#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p25962">Judy Garland</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11637#P2019" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/deathiversary/judy-garland/judy-garland.jsp">Judy Garland</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Biography_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Biography Channel">The Biography Channel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/68689%7C90673/wp">Judy Garland</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11637#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/79610">Judy Garland</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11637#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/garland_j.html">Judy Garland: By Myself</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091106104854/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/garland_j.html">Archived</a> November 6, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Masters" title="American Masters">American Masters</a> special</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ella_in_Berlin:_Mack_the_Knife" title="Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife">Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_Pop_Vocal_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance">Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance</a> 1962 for <a href="/wiki/Judy_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="Judy at Carnegie Hall">Judy at Carnegie Hall</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ella_Swings_Brightly_with_Nelson" title="Ella Swings Brightly with Nelson">Ella Swings Brightly with Nelson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a> 1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mills_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mills Brothers">Mills Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judy_Garland" title="Template:Judy Garland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judy_Garland" title="Template talk:Judy Garland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judy_Garland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judy Garland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Judy_Garland" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Garland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gumm_Sisters" title="The Gumm Sisters">The Gumm Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_discography" title="Judy Garland discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Judy_Garland_performances" title="List of Judy Garland performances">Performances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recordings_by_Judy_Garland" title="List of recordings by Judy Garland">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Judy_Garland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of awards and honors received by Judy Garland">Awards and honors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Girl_Crazy_(album)" title="Girl Crazy (album)">Girl Crazy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_Me_in_St._Louis_(album)" title="Meet Me in St. Louis (album)">Meet Me in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Harvey_Girls_(album)" title="The Harvey Girls (album)">The Harvey Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Show_Business" title="Miss Show Business">Miss Show Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_(Judy_Garland_album)" title="Judy (Judy Garland album)">Judy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alone_(Judy_Garland_album)" title="Alone (Judy Garland album)">Alone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_in_Love" title="Judy in Love">Judy in Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Letter_(Judy_Garland_album)" title="The Letter (Judy Garland album)">The Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_Entertainment!_(album)" title="That's Entertainment! (album)">That's Entertainment!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garland_Touch" title="The Garland Touch">The Garland Touch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_Souvenir_Album" title="Judy Garland Souvenir Album">Judy Garland Souvenir Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_Second_Souvenir_Album" title="Judy Garland Second Souvenir Album">Judy Garland Second Souvenir Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_Souvenir_Album_(1949)" title="Judy Garland Souvenir Album (1949)">Judy Garland Third Souvenir Album</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garland_at_the_Grove" title="Garland at the Grove">Garland at the Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="Judy at Carnegie Hall">Judy at Carnegie Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_for_Openers" title="Just for Openers">Just for Openers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_Live!" title="Judy Garland Live!">Judy Garland Live!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_London_Palladium_(Judy_Garland_and_Liza_Minnelli_album)" title="Live at the London Palladium (Judy Garland and Liza Minnelli album)">Live at the London Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_at_Home_at_the_Palace:_Opening_Night" title="Judy Garland at Home at the Palace: Opening Night">Judy Garland at Home at the Palace: Opening Night</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_selections_in_The_Wizard_of_Oz#1940_Decca_Studio_Album" title="Musical selections in The Wizard of Oz">The Wizard of Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Stock" title="Summer Stock">Summer Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Star_Is_Born_(1954_film)" title="A Star Is Born (1954 film)">A Star Is Born</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Purr-ee" title="Gay Purr-ee">Gay Purr-ee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Could_Go_On_Singing" title="I Could Go On Singing">I Could Go On Singing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Judy_Garland_biographies" title="List of Judy Garland biographies">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland_as_a_gay_icon" title="Judy Garland as a gay icon">As a gay icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Does_Judy_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="Rufus Does Judy at Carnegie Hall">Rufus Does Judy at Carnegie Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus!_Rufus!_Rufus!_Does_Judy!_Judy!_Judy!:_Live_from_the_London_Palladium" title="Rufus! Rufus! Rufus! Does Judy! Judy! Judy!: Live from the London Palladium">Rufus! Rufus! Rufus! Does Judy! Judy! Judy!: Live from the London Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Judy_Monologues" title="The Judy Monologues">The Judy Monologues (2010 play)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Judy_Garland_songs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judy_Garland_songs" title="Template:Judy Garland songs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Judy_Garland_songs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Judy Garland songs (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judy_Garland_songs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judy Garland songs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Judy_Garland_songs" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Garland</a> songs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_(1939_song)" title="Good Morning (1939 song)">Good Morning</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow" title="Over the Rainbow">Over the Rainbow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Zing!_Went_the_Strings_of_My_Heart" title="Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart">Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Made_Me_Love_You_(I_Didn%27t_Want_to_Do_It)" title="You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)">You Made Me Love You (I Didn't Want to Do It)</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Among_My_Souvenirs" title="Among My Souvenirs">Among My Souvenirs</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Be_a_Clown" title="Be a Clown">Be a Clown</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Boy_Next_Door_(song)" title="The Boy Next Door (song)">The Boy Next Door</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Couple_of_Swells" title="A Couple of Swells">A Couple of Swells</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Easter_Parade_(song)" title="Easter Parade (song)">Easter Parade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/F.D.R._Jones" title="F.D.R. Jones">F.D.R. Jones</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_Me_and_My_Gal_(song)" title="For Me and My Gal (song)">For Me and My Gal</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Have_Yourself_a_Merry_Little_Christmas" title="Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas">Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_About_You%3F" title="How About You?">How About You?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Wish_I_Were_in_Love_Again" title="I Wish I Were in Love Again">I Wish I Were in Love Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Great_Day_for_the_Irish" title="It's a Great Day for the Irish">It's a Great Day for the Irish</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Johnny_One_Note" title="Johnny One Note">Johnny One Note</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journey_to_a_Star" title="Journey to a Star">Journey to a Star</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Atchison,_Topeka_and_the_Santa_Fe" title="On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe">On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Sunny_Side_of_the_Street" title="On the Sunny Side of the Street">On the Sunny Side of the Street</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Pretty_Girl_Is_Like_a_Melody" title="A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody">A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Wearing_of_the_Green" title="The Wearing of the Green">The Wearing of the Green</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Trolley_Song" title="The Trolley Song">The Trolley Song</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/April_Showers_(song)" title="April Showers (song)">April Showers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Carolina_in_the_Morning" title="Carolina in the Morning">Carolina in the Morning</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Confessin%27" title="Confessin'">Confessin'</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Day_In,_Day_Out_(1939_song)" title="Day In, Day Out (1939 song)">Day In, Day Out</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_Happy_(song)" title="Get Happy (song)">Get Happy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_About_Me%3F" title="How About Me?">How About Me?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Give_You_Anything_but_Love,_Baby" title="I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby">I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Concentrate_on_You" title="I Concentrate on You">I Concentrate on You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Hadn%27t_Anyone_Till_You" title="I Hadn't Anyone Till You">I Hadn't Anyone Till You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_You,_Just_Me" title="Just You, Just Me">Just You, Just Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Last_Night_When_We_Were_Young" title="Last Night When We Were Young">Last Night When We Were Young</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Just_a_Bowl_of_Cherries" title="Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries">Life Is Just a Bowl of Cherries</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/More_Than_You_Know_(Youmans,_Rose_and_Eliscu_song)" title="More Than You Know (Youmans, Rose and Eliscu song)">More Than You Know</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Man_That_Got_Away" title="The Man That Got Away">The Man That Got Away</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Swanee_(song)" title="Swanee (song)">Swanee</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stormy_Weather_(song)" title="Stormy Weather (song)">Stormy Weather</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rock-a-Bye_Your_Baby_with_a_Dixie_Melody" title="Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody">Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Theme_from_San_Francisco" title="Theme from San Francisco">Theme from San Francisco</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What%27ll_I_Do" title="What'll I Do">What'll I Do</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/After_You%27ve_Gone_(song)" title="After You've Gone (song)">After You've Gone</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Almost_Like_Being_in_Love" title="Almost Like Being in Love">Almost Like Being in Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chicago_(That_Toddlin%27_Town)" title="Chicago (That Toddlin' Town)">Chicago (That Toddlin' Town)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Down_with_Love_(song)" title="Down with Love (song)">Down with Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_It_Again_(George_Gershwin_and_Buddy_DeSylva_song)" title="Do It Again (George Gershwin and Buddy DeSylva song)">Do It Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fly_Me_to_the_Moon" title="Fly Me to the Moon">Fly Me to the Moon</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Foggy_Day" title="A Foggy Day">A Foggy Day</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Look_Me_Over_(song)" title="Hey, Look Me Over (song)">Hey, Look Me Over</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Happen_to_Like_New_York" title="I Happen to Like New York">I Happen to Like New York</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_Love_Were_All" title="If Love Were All">If Love Were All</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moon_River" title="Moon River">Moon River</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh_Shenandoah" title="Oh Shenandoah">Oh Shenandoah</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somewhere_(song)" title="Somewhere (song)">Somewhere</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Can%27t_Be_Love_(song)" title="This Can't Be Love (song)">This Can't Be Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Go_to_My_Head" title="You Go to My Head">You Go to My Head</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Judy_Garland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Judy_Garland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Judy_Garland" title="List of awards and nominations received by Judy Garland">Awards for Judy Garland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template talk:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_March_of_Time" title="The March of Time">The March of Time</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Rosson" title="Harold Rosson">Harold Rosson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art_Department_of_Film" title="Museum of Modern Art Department of Film">Museum of Modern Art Film Library</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Ball_(inventor)" title="Joseph A. Ball (inventor)">J. Arthur Ball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Jennings" title="Gordon Jennings">Gordon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Domela" title="Jan Domela">Jan Domela</a>, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Smith, <a href="/wiki/Farciot_Edouart" title="Farciot Edouart">Farciot Edouart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyal_Griggs" title="Loyal Griggs">Loyal Griggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loren_L._Ryder" title="Loren L. Ryder">Loren L. Ryder</a>, Harry D. Mills, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mesenkop" title="Louis Mesenkop">Louis Mesenkop</a>, Walter Oberst / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_T._Marsh" title="Oliver T. Marsh">Oliver T. Marsh</a> and Allen Davey / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Harry Warner</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Menzies" title="William Cameron Menzies">William Cameron Menzies</a> / <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture & Television Fund">Motion Picture Relief Fund</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Block" title="Ralph Block">Ralph Block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Vantiva" title="Vantiva">Technicolor SA</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Levinson" title="Nathan Levinson">Nathan Levinson</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Garity" title="William Garity">William Garity</a>, John N. A. Hawkins, and the <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA Manufacturing Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> and his associates / Rey Scott / <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)">British Ministry of Information</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Brien" title="Margaret O'Brien">Margaret O'Brien</a> (1944)</li> <li>Republic Studio, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Bloomberg" title="Daniel J. Bloomberg">Daniel J. Bloomberg</a>, and the Republic Studio Sound Department / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_House_I_Live_In_(1945_film)" title="The House I Live In (1945 film)">The House I Live In</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ann_Garner" title="Peggy Ann Garner">Peggy Ann Garner</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Russell" title="Harold Russell">Harold Russell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jarman_Jr." title="Claude Jarman Jr.">Claude Jarman Jr.</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baskett" title="James Baskett">James Baskett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Armat" title="Thomas Armat">Thomas Armat</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Selig" title="William Selig">William Nicholas Selig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Smith_(producer)" title="Albert E. Smith (producer)">Albert E. Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Kirke_Spoor" title="George Kirke Spoor">George Kirke Spoor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Coo" title="Bill and Coo">Bill and Coo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shoeshine_(film)" title="Shoeshine (film)">Shoeshine</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Vincent" title="Monsieur Vincent">Monsieur Vincent</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sid_Grauman" title="Sid Grauman">Sid Grauman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">The Bicycle Thief</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Walls_of_Malapaga" title="The Walls of Malapaga">The Walls of Malapaga</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rashomon" title="Rashomon">Rashomon</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a> / George Mitchell / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Schenck" title="Joseph M. Schenck">Joseph M. Schenck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century-Fox Film Corporation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bell_%26_Howell" title="Bell & Howell">Bell & Howell Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Breen" title="Joseph Breen">Joseph Breen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pete_Smith_(film_producer)" title="Pete Smith (film producer)">Pete Smith</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bausch_%26_Lomb" title="Bausch & Lomb">Bausch & Lomb Optical Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / Kemp Niver / <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jon_Whiteley" title="Jon Whiteley">Jon Whiteley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Winter" title="Vincent Winter">Vincent Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Hell_(film)" title="Gate of Hell (film)">Gate of Hell</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_I:_Musashi_Miyamoto" title="Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto">Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Broncho_Billy_Anderson" title="Broncho Billy Anderson">Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a> / <a href="/wiki/B._B._Kahane" title="B. B. Kahane">B. B. Kahane</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel">Stan Laurel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Mills" title="Hayley Mills">Hayley Mills</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Hendricks" title="William L. Hendricks">William L. Hendricks</a> / Fred L. Metzler / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Tuttle" title="William J. Tuttle">William J. Tuttle</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Y._Frank_Freeman" title="Y. Frank Freeman">Y. Frank Freeman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chambers_(make-up_artist)" title="John Chambers (make-up artist)">John Chambers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Onna_White" title="Onna White">Onna White</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1971)</li> <li>Charles S. Boren / <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Langlois" title="Henri Langlois">Henri Langlois</a> / <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Booth" title="Margaret Booth">Margaret Booth</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz" title="Walter Lantz">Walter Lantz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art Department of Film</a> (1978)</li> <li>Hal Elias / <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_North" title="Alex North">Alex North</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman Kodak Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Donen" title="Stanley Donen">Stanley Donen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Blake Edwards</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Boyle" title="Robert F. Boyle">Robert F. Boyle</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Willis" title="Gordon Willis">Gordon Willis</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brownlow" title="Kevin Brownlow">Kevin Brownlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eli_Wallach" title="Eli Wallach">Eli Wallach</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(make-up_artist)" title="Dick Smith (make-up artist)">Dick Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Pennebaker" title="D. A. Pennebaker">D. A. Pennebaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hal_Needham" title="Hal Needham">Hal Needham</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens_Jr." title="George Stevens Jr.">George Stevens Jr.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Piero_Tosi" title="Piero Tosi">Piero Tosi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gena_Rowlands" title="Gena Rowlands">Gena Rowlands</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Stalmaster" title="Lynn Stalmaster">Lynn Stalmaster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wiseman" title="Frederick Wiseman">Frederick Wiseman</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Roizman" title="Owen Roizman">Owen Roizman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Levy_(publicist)" title="Marvin Levy (publicist)">Marvin Levy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lalo_Schifrin" title="Lalo Schifrin">Lalo Schifrin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wes_Studi" title="Wes Studi">Wes Studi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmüller</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elaine_May" title="Elaine May">Elaine May</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euzhan_Palcy" title="Euzhan Palcy">Euzhan Palcy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Littleton" title="Carol Littleton">Carol Littleton</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Taylor" title="Juliet Taylor">Juliet Taylor</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Template:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Template talk:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cecil B. DeMille Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Cecil_B._DeMille_Award" title="Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award">Cecil B. DeMille Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_LeRoy" title="Mervyn LeRoy">Mervyn LeRoy</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Adler" title="Buddy Adler">Buddy Adler</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> (1961)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Garland</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Levine" title="Joseph E. Levine">Joseph E. Levine</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_B._Wallis" title="Hal B. Wallis">Hal B. Wallis</a> (1975)</li> <li>No Award (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (2007)</li> <li>No Award (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (2021)</li> <li>No Award (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (2023)</li> <li>No Award (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Musical_or_Comedy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actress_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" title="Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actress Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actress_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award Best Actress Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actress_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actress Motion Picture Musical or Comedy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Musical_or_Comedy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Musical_or_Comedy" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy">Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Allyson" title="June Allyson">June Allyson</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Hayward" title="Susan Hayward">Susan Hayward</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> (1953)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Garland</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Simmons" title="Jean Simmons">Jean Simmons</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Kendall" title="Kay Kendall">Kay Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Taina_Elg" title="Taina Elg">Taina Elg</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Redgrave" title="Lynn Redgrave">Lynn Redgrave</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Duke" title="Patty Duke">Patty Duke</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Snodgress" title="Carrie Snodgress">Carrie Snodgress</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twiggy" title="Twiggy">Twiggy</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raquel_Welch" title="Raquel Welch">Raquel Welch</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann-Margret" title="Ann-Margret">Ann-Margret</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marsha_Mason" title="Marsha Mason">Marsha Mason</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Burstyn" title="Ellen Burstyn">Ellen Burstyn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sissy_Spacek" title="Sissy Spacek">Sissy Spacek</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Turner" title="Kathleen Turner">Kathleen Turner</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Turner" title="Kathleen Turner">Kathleen Turner</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sissy_Spacek" title="Sissy Spacek">Sissy Spacek</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Griffith" title="Melanie Griffith">Melanie Griffith</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Roberts" title="Julia Roberts">Julia Roberts</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_Richardson" title="Miranda Richardson">Miranda Richardson</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Lee_Curtis" title="Jamie Lee Curtis">Jamie Lee Curtis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hunt" title="Helen Hunt">Helen Hunt</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow" title="Gwyneth Paltrow">Gwyneth Paltrow</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_McTeer" title="Janet McTeer">Janet McTeer</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Bening" title="Annette Bening">Annette Bening</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reese_Witherspoon" title="Reese Witherspoon">Reese Witherspoon</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Cotillard" title="Marion Cotillard">Marion Cotillard</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Hawkins" title="Sally Hawkins">Sally Hawkins</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Bening" title="Annette Bening">Annette Bening</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Williams_(actress)" title="Michelle Williams (actress)">Michelle Williams</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence" title="Jennifer Lawrence">Jennifer Lawrence</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Adams" title="Amy Adams">Amy Adams</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Adams" title="Amy Adams">Amy Adams</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lawrence" title="Jennifer Lawrence">Jennifer Lawrence</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Stone" title="Emma Stone">Emma Stone</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoirse_Ronan" title="Saoirse Ronan">Saoirse Ronan</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Colman" title="Olivia Colman">Olivia Colman</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awkwafina" title="Awkwafina">Awkwafina</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosamund_Pike" title="Rosamund Pike">Rosamund Pike</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Zegler" title="Rachel Zegler">Rachel Zegler</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Yeoh" title="Michelle Yeoh">Michelle Yeoh</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Stone" title="Emma Stone">Emma Stone</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Template:Grammy Award for Album of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Album of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Album of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Album of the Year">Grammy Award for Album of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Music_from_Peter_Gunn" title="The Music from Peter Gunn">The Music from Peter Gunn</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Come_Dance_with_Me!_(album)" title="Come Dance with Me! (album)">Come Dance with Me!</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Button-Down_Mind_of_Bob_Newhart" title="The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart">The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Newhart" title="Bob Newhart">Bob Newhart</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="Judy at Carnegie Hall">Judy at Carnegie Hall</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Garland</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Family_(album)" title="The First Family (album)">The First Family</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Meader" title="Vaughn Meader">Vaughn Meader</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barbra_Streisand_Album" title="The Barbra Streisand Album">The Barbra Streisand Album</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getz/Gilberto" title="Getz/Gilberto">Getz/Gilberto</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_of_My_Years" title="September of My Years">September of My Years</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man_and_His_Music" title="A Man and His Music">A Man and His Music</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/By_the_Time_I_Get_to_Phoenix_(Glen_Campbell_album)" title="By the Time I Get to Phoenix (Glen Campbell album)">By the Time I Get to Phoenix</a> – <a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood,_Sweat_%26_Tears_(Blood,_Sweat_%26_Tears_album)" title="Blood, Sweat & Tears (Blood, Sweat & Tears album)">Blood, Sweat & Tears</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blood,_Sweat_%26_Tears" title="Blood, Sweat & Tears">Blood, Sweat & Tears</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_over_Troubled_Water" title="Bridge over Troubled Water">Bridge over Troubled Water</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry_(Carole_King_album)" title="Tapestry (Carole King album)">Tapestry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_for_Bangladesh_(album)" title="The Concert for Bangladesh (album)">The Concert for Bangladesh</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a> & Friends (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innervisions" title="Innervisions">Innervisions</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulfillingness%27_First_Finale" title="Fulfillingness' First Finale">Fulfillingness' First Finale</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_Crazy_After_All_These_Years" title="Still Crazy After All These Years">Still Crazy After All These Years</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_in_the_Key_of_Life" title="Songs in the Key of Life">Songs in the Key of Life</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumours_(album)" title="Rumours (album)">Rumours</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever_(soundtrack)" title="Saturday Night Fever (soundtrack)">Saturday Night Fever</a> – Various Artists (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(album)" title="52nd Street (album)">52nd Street</a> – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross_(album)" title="Christopher Cross (album)">Christopher Cross</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Fantasy" title="Double Fantasy">Double Fantasy</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> & <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toto_IV" title="Toto IV">Toto IV</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(album)" title="Thriller (album)">Thriller</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Slow_Down_(Lionel_Richie_album)" title="Can't Slow Down (Lionel Richie album)">Can't Slow Down</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Jacket_Required" title="No Jacket Required">No Jacket Required</a> – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graceland_(album)" title="Graceland (album)">Graceland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Joshua_Tree" title="The Joshua Tree">The Joshua Tree</a> – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_(George_Michael_album)" title="Faith (George Michael album)">Faith</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_of_Time_(album)" title="Nick of Time (album)">Nick of Time</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back_on_the_Block" title="Back on the Block">Back on the Block</a> – <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> and Various Artists (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unforgettable..._with_Love" title="Unforgettable... with Love">Unforgettable... with Love</a> – <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unplugged_(Eric_Clapton_album)" title="Unplugged (Eric Clapton album)">Unplugged</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bodyguard_(soundtrack)" title="The Bodyguard (soundtrack)">The Bodyguard</a> – <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_(Tony_Bennett_album)" title="MTV Unplugged (Tony Bennett album)">MTV Unplugged</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagged_Little_Pill" title="Jagged Little Pill">Jagged Little Pill</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_into_You" title="Falling into You">Falling into You</a> – <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Out_of_Mind_(Bob_Dylan_album)" title="Time Out of Mind (Bob Dylan album)">Time Out of Mind</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Miseducation_of_Lauryn_Hill" title="The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill">The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_(Santana_album)" title="Supernatural (Santana album)">Supernatural</a> – <a href="/wiki/Santana_(band)" title="Santana (band)">Santana</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_Against_Nature" title="Two Against Nature">Two Against Nature</a> – <a href="/wiki/Steely_Dan" title="Steely Dan">Steely Dan</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Brother,_Where_Art_Thou%3F_(soundtrack)" title="O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack)">O Brother, Where Art Thou?</a> – Various Artists (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Come_Away_with_Me" title="Come Away with Me">Come Away with Me</a> – <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakerboxxx/The_Love_Below" title="Speakerboxxx/The Love Below">Speakerboxxx/The Love Below</a> – <a href="/wiki/Outkast" title="Outkast">Outkast</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_Loves_Company" title="Genius Loves Company">Genius Loves Company</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> & Various Artists (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Dismantle_an_Atomic_Bomb" title="How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb">How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb</a> – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_Long_Way" title="Taking the Long Way">Taking the Long Way</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Chicks" title="The Chicks">Dixie Chicks</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River:_The_Joni_Letters" title="River: The Joni Letters">River: The Joni Letters</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_Sand" title="Raising Sand">Raising Sand</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Plant" title="Robert Plant">Robert Plant</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alison_Krauss" title="Alison Krauss">Alison Krauss</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearless_(Taylor_Swift_album)" title="Fearless (Taylor Swift album)">Fearless</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Suburbs" title="The Suburbs">The Suburbs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arcade_Fire" title="Arcade Fire">Arcade Fire</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_(Adele_album)" title="21 (Adele album)">21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babel_(Mumford_%26_Sons_album)" title="Babel (Mumford & Sons album)">Babel</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mumford_%26_Sons" title="Mumford & Sons">Mumford & Sons</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_Access_Memories" title="Random Access Memories">Random Access Memories</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daft_Punk" title="Daft Punk">Daft Punk</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_Phase" title="Morning Phase">Morning Phase</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_(album)" title="1989 (album)">1989</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_(Adele_album)" title="25 (Adele album)">25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/24K_Magic_(album)" title="24K Magic (album)">24K Magic</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hour_(Kacey_Musgraves_album)" title="Golden Hour (Kacey Musgraves album)">Golden Hour</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kacey_Musgraves" title="Kacey Musgraves">Kacey Musgraves</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_We_All_Fall_Asleep,_Where_Do_We_Go%3F" title="When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?">When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_(Taylor_Swift_album)" title="Folklore (Taylor Swift album)">Folklore</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_(Jon_Batiste_album)" title="We Are (Jon Batiste album)">We Are</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Batiste" title="Jon Batiste">Jon Batiste</a> (2021) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry%27s_House" title="Harry's House">Harry's House</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Styles" title="Harry Styles">Harry Styles</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnights" title="Midnights">Midnights</a> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1963–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li></ul></li> <li>1967 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li></ul></li> <li>1968 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li></ul></li> <li>1972 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalia_Jackson" title="Mahalia Jackson">Mahalia Jackson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1984 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Segovia" title="Andrés Segovia">Andrés Segovia</a></li></ul></li> <li>1987 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Casals" title="Pablo Casals">Pablo Casals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz" title="Jascha Heifetz">Jascha Heifetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Tatum" title="Art Tatum">Art Tatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Vaughan" title="Sarah Vaughan">Sarah Vaughan</a></li></ul></li> <li>1990 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Wells" title="Kitty Wells">Kitty Wells</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Waller" title="Fats Waller">Fats Waller</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Evans" title="Bill Evans">Bill Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rubinstein" title="Arthur Rubinstein">Arthur Rubinstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Bland" title="Bobby Bland">Bobby "Blue" Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">The Everly Brothers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Grappelli" title="Stéphane Grappelli">Stéphane Grappelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson" title="Oscar Peterson">Oscar Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mills_Brothers" title="The Mills Brothers">The Mills Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Redding" title="Otis Redding">Otis Redding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a></li></ul></li> <li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Miller" title="Mitch Miller">Mitch Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney" title="Rosemary Clooney">Rosemary Clooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Funk_Brothers" title="The Funk Brothers">The Funk Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Jenkins" title="Ella Jenkins">Ella Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Carter_Family" title="Carter Family">Carter Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinetop_Perkins" title="Pinetop Perkins">Pinetop Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Staple_Singers" title="The Staple Singers">The Staple Singers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._%26_the_M.G.%27s" title="Booker T. & the M.G.'s">Booker T. & the M.G.'s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornette_Coleman" title="Ornette Coleman">Ornette Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Boys_of_Alabama" title="The Blind Boys of Alabama">The Blind Boys of Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Tops" title="Four Tops">The Four Tops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Lee" title="Brenda Lee">Brenda Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_%22Honeyboy%22_Edwards" title="David "Honeyboy" Edwards">David "Honeyboy" Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Terry" title="Clark Terry">Clark Terry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Haynes" title="Roy Haynes">Roy Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_String_Quartet" title="Juilliard String Quartet">Juilliard String Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">The Kingston Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Beverly_Shea" title="George Beverly Shea">George Beverly Shea</a></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Allman_Brothers_Band" title="The Allman Brothers Band">The Allman Brothers Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Memphis_Horns" title="The Memphis Horns">The Memphis Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Scott-Heron" title="Gil Scott-Heron">Gil Scott-Heron</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Gould" title="Glenn Gould">Glenn Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Haden" title="Charlie Haden">Charlie Haden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightnin%27_Hopkins" title="Lightnin' Hopkins">Lightnin' Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page">Patti Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Chenier" title="Clifton Chenier">Clifton Chenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Manzanero" title="Armando Manzanero">Armando Manzanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Powell" title="Maud Powell">Maud Powell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaco_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Flaco Jiménez">Flaco Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Louvin_Brothers" title="The Louvin Brothers">The Louvin Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Brown" title="Ruth Brown">Ruth Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-DMC" title="Run-DMC">Run-DMC</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Caesar" title="Shirley Caesar">Shirley Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal" title="Ahmad Jamal">Ahmad Jamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Pride" title="Charley Pride">Charley Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Simone" title="Nina Simone">Nina Simone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly_Stone" title="Sly Stone">Sly Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Blaine" title="Hal Blaine">Hal Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meters" title="The Meters">The Meters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament-Funkadelic" title="Parliament-Funkadelic">Parliament-Funkadelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donny_Hathaway" title="Donny Hathaway">Donny Hathaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_%26_Dave" title="Sam & Dave">Sam & Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy" title="Public Enemy">Public Enemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash_and_the_Furious_Five" title="Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five">Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa" title="Salt-N-Pepa">Salt-N-Pepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey" title="Ma Rainey">Ma Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slick_Rick" title="Slick Rick">Slick Rick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Wilson" title="Ann Wilson">Ann Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(rock_musician)" title="Nancy Wilson (rock musician)">Nancy Wilson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clark_Sisters" title="The Clark Sisters">The Clark Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N.W.A" title="N.W.A">N.W.A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Special_Tony_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_Tony_Award" title="Template:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_Tony_Award" title="Template talk:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_Tony_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Special_Tony_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1947–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Chamberlain" title="Dora Chamberlain">Dora Chamberlain</a> / Ira and Rita Katzenberg / <a href="/wiki/Jules_Leventhal" title="Jules Leventhal">Jules Leventhal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Burns_Mantle" title="Burns Mantle">Burns Mantle</a> / P. A. MacDonald / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Sardi_Sr." title="Vincent Sardi Sr.">Vincent Sardi Sr.</a> (1947)</li> <li>Vera Allen / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Beisman" title="Paul Beisman">Paul Beisman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joe_E._Brown" title="Joe E. Brown">Joe E. Brown</a> / Cast of <a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Dowling" title="Robert W. Dowling">Robert W. Dowling</a> / Experimental Theatre Inc. / Rosalind Gilder / <a href="/wiki/June_Lockhart" title="June Lockhart">June Lockhart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Pierce_(backstage_doorman)" title="George Pierce (backstage doorman)">George Pierce</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1948)</li> <li>No award (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> / Philip Faversham / <a href="/wiki/Brock_Pemberton" title="Brock Pemberton">Brock Pemberton</a> (1950)</li> <li>Ruth Green (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kook" title="Edward Kook">Edward Kook</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Lillie" title="Beatrice Lillie">Beatrice Lillie</a> (1953)</li> <li>No award (1954)</li> <li>Proscenium Productions (1955)</li> <li>Fourth Street Chekov Theatre / <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">City Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">The New York Public Library Theatre Collection</a> / The Shakespearewrights / <a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="American Shakespeare Theatre">American Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Barrault" title="Jean-Louis Barrault">Jean-Louis Barrault</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willie_Hammerstein" title="Willie Hammerstein">William Hammerstein</a> / Joseph Harbuck / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Shyre" title="Paul Shyre">Paul Shyre</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Heims_Beck" title="Louise Heims Beck">Mrs. Martin Beck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russel_Crouse" title="Russel Crouse">Russel Crouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lindsay" title="Howard Lindsay">Howard Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> / Cast of <a href="/wiki/La_Plume_de_Ma_Tante" title="La Plume de Ma Tante">La Plume de Ma Tante</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Thurber" title="James Thurber">James Thurber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Brooks Atkinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller" title="Jonathan Miller">Jonathan Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._McNeil_Lowry" title="W. McNeil Lowry">W. McNeil Lowry</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Le_Gallienne" title="Eva Le Gallienne">Eva Le Gallienne</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Miller" title="Gilbert Miller">Gilbert Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smith_(designer)" title="Oliver Smith (designer)">Oliver Smith</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Menken" title="Helen Menken">Helen Menken</a> (1966)</li> <li>No award (1967)</li> <li>APA-Phoenix Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">The National Theatre Company of Great Britain</a> / The <a href="/wiki/Negro_Ensemble_Company" title="Negro Ensemble Company">Negro Ensemble Company</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Fontanne" title="Lynn Fontanne">Lynn Fontanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1970)</li> <li>Ingram Ash / <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Norton" title="Elliot Norton">Elliot Norton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a>-American Theatre Society (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Shubert_Organization" title="The Shubert Organization">Shubert Organization</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/A_Moon_for_the_Misbegotten" title="A Moon for the Misbegotten">A Moon for the Misbegotten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Candide_(operetta)" title="Candide (operetta)">Candide</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / Harold Friedlander / <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Development_Fund" title="Theatre Development Fund">Theatre Development Fund</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_F._Wharton_(lawyer)" title="John F. Wharton (lawyer)">John F. Wharton</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square Theatre</a> / Thomas H. Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Pincus" title="Mathilde Pincus">Mathilde Pincus</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Crawford" title="Cheryl Crawford">Cheryl Crawford</a> / Equity Liberty Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_of_the_Deaf" title="National Theatre of the Deaf">National Theatre of the Deaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Dragoti" title="Stan Dragoti">Stan Dragoti</a> and Charles Moss (1978)</li> <li>Walter F. Diehl / <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theater_Center" title="Eugene O'Neill Theater Center">Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theater Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> (1979)</li> <li>Richard Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a> / Hobe Morrison (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/WarnerMedia" title="WarnerMedia">Warner Communications</a> (1982)</li> <li>No award (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Feller" title="Peter Feller">Peter Feller</a> / La Tragedie de Carmen (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Council_on_the_Arts" title="New York State Council on the Arts">New York State Council on the Arts</a> (1985)</li> <li>No award (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Mason" title="Jackie Mason">Jackie Mason</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a> (1988)</li> <li>No award (1989)</li> <li>No award (1990–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Harvey Sabinson (1995)</li> <li>No award (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard B. Jacobs">Bernard B. Jacobs</a> (1997)</li> <li>Edward E. Colton / Ben Edwards (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> / Isabelle Stevenson (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame_Edna_Everage#2000–2009" title="Dame Edna Everage">Dame Edna: The Royal Tour</a> / T. Edward Hambleton (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gemignani" title="Paul Gemignani">Paul Gemignani</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a> / Robert Whitehead (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cy_Feuer" title="Cy Feuer">Cy Feuer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russell_Simmons" title="Russell Simmons">Russell Simmons</a>' Def Poetry Jam on Broadway (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Nederlander" title="James M. Nederlander">James M. Nederlander</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jones_(stage_actress)" title="Sarah Jones (stage actress)">Sarah Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (2006)</li> <li>No award (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ayckbourn" title="Alan Ayckbourn">Alan Ayckbourn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marian_Seldes" title="Marian Seldes">Marian Seldes</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athol_Fugard" title="Athol Fugard">Athol Fugard</a> / Philip J. Smith (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jackman" title="Hugh Jackman">Hugh Jackman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Gersten" title="Bernard Gersten">Bernard Gersten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a> / Paul Libin (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Greenwood" title="Jane Greenwood">Jane Greenwood</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cameron_Mitchell" title="John Cameron Mitchell">John Cameron Mitchell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_W._Mason" title="Marshall W. Mason">Marshall W. Mason</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Miles Wilkin (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leguizamo" title="John Leguizamo">John Leguizamo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chita_Rivera" title="Chita Rivera">Chita Rivera</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Harris" title="Rosemary Harris">Rosemary Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marin_Mazzie" title="Marin Mazzie">Marin Mazzie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Terrence_McNally" title="Terrence McNally">Terrence McNally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Tilders" title="Sonny Tilders">Sonny Tilders</a> and Creature Technology Company / Jason Michael Webb / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wheeler_(musician)" title="Harold Wheeler (musician)">Harold Wheeler</a> (2019)</li> <li>The Broadway Advocacy Coalition / <a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne's</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Utopia_(film)" title="American Utopia (film)">American Utopia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_Love_Supreme" title="Freestyle Love Supreme">Freestyle Love Supreme</a> / <a href="/wiki/Graciela_Daniele" title="Graciela Daniele">Graciela Daniele</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_C._Nicola" title="James C. Nicola">James C. Nicola</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Grey" title="Joel Grey">Joel Grey</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Edelman" title="Alex Edelman">Alex Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abe_Jacob" title="Abe Jacob">Abe Jacob</a> / Nikiya Mathis / <a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Brien_(director)" title="Jack O'Brien (director)">Jack O'Brien</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_C._Wolfe" title="George C. Wolfe">George C. Wolfe</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media 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class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/7px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/14px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11637#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11637#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11637#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000036851668X">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083806106">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000003039147X">3</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49233610">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/4685/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvMyVbDw3Kh3bT67kBXVC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11853761X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50015080">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11958571q">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11958571q">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620710">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35575228">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0031685&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX895000">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072067225">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90129948">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000068357&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000043213">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201957204">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dhlnnl33mplng">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810692753005606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007504315605171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000190492">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058530129006706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14053115">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/b9348d59-b91b-423f-847b-8db155a0653b">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/317106">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/judy-garland/3544">Grammy Awards</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emmys.com/bios/judy-garland">Emmy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1001111">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11853761X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/G8m-yFufZ">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11853761X">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027574830">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582932">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60686zz">SNAC</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6057ws8">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&oldid=1259171444">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judy_Garland&oldid=1259171444</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Judy_Garland" title="Category:Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1922_births" title="Category:1922 births">1922 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1969_deaths" title="Category:1969 deaths">1969 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_actresses" title="Category:20th-century American actresses">20th-century American 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Minnesota">Actresses from Minnesota</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_child_actresses" title="Category:American child actresses">American child actresses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_child_pop_musicians" title="Category:American child pop musicians">American child pop musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_child_singers" title="Category:American child singers">American child singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_contraltos" title="Category:American contraltos">American contraltos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_expatriate_actresses" title="Category:American expatriate actresses">American expatriate actresses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_expatriates_in_England" title="Category:American expatriates in England">American expatriates in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_female_dancers" title="Category:American female dancers">American female dancers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_film_actresses" title="Category:American film actresses">American film actresses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_musical_theatre_actresses" title="Category:American musical theatre actresses">American musical theatre actresses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_English_descent" title="Category:American people of English descent">American people of English descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_French_descent" title="Category:American people of French descent">American people of French descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Irish_descent" title="Category:American people of Irish descent">American people of Irish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Scottish_descent" title="Category:American people of Scottish descent">American people of Scottish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_radio_personalities" title="Category:American radio 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href="/wiki/Category:Austen_Riggs_Center_patients" title="Category:Austen Riggs Center patients">Austen Riggs Center patients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Barbiturates-related_deaths" title="Category:Barbiturates-related deaths">Barbiturates-related deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Best_Musical_or_Comedy_Actress_Golden_Globe_(film)_winners" title="Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners">Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Ferncliff_Cemetery" title="Category:Burials at Ferncliff Cemetery">Burials at Ferncliff Cemetery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Hollywood_Forever_Cemetery" title="Category:Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery">Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:California_Democrats" title="Category:California Democrats">California Democrats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Capitol_Records_artists" 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DeMille Award Golden Globe winners">Cecil B. 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