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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Geography+of+Bermuda%22">"Geography of Bermuda"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Geography+of+Bermuda%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Geography+of+Bermuda%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Geography+of+Bermuda%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Geography+of+Bermuda%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Geography+of+Bermuda%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Bermuda</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-nick">Nickname: <i>The Rock</i> or <i>Devil's Isles</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bermuda_topographic_map-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bermuda_topographic_map-en.png/230px-Bermuda_topographic_map-en.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bermuda_topographic_map-en.png/345px-Bermuda_topographic_map-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bermuda_topographic_map-en.png/460px-Bermuda_topographic_map-en.png 2x" data-file-width="2580" data-file-height="1820" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Topographic map of Bermuda</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationBermuda.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/LocationBermuda.png" decoding="async" width="182" height="115" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="182" data-file-height="115" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bermuda_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bermuda is located in Bermuda"><img alt="Bermuda is located in Bermuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bermuda_location_map.svg/260px-Bermuda_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bermuda_location_map.svg/390px-Bermuda_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bermuda_location_map.svg/520px-Bermuda_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1311" data-file-height="893" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.895%;left:44.545%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bermuda"><img alt="Bermuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Bermuda</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Bermuda</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bermuda is located in Atlantic Ocean"><img alt="Bermuda is located in Atlantic Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/260px-Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/390px-Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/520px-Atlantic_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1441" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.632%;left:27.452%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bermuda"><img alt="Bermuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Bermuda</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Atlantic Ocean</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Bermuda&params=32_18_N_64_47_W_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">64°47′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.300°N 64.783°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.300; -64.783</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note">Bermuda</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total islands</th><td class="infobox-data">138</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">53.3 km<sup>2</sup> (20.6 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coastline</th><td class="infobox-data">103 km (64 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">76 m (249 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Town_Hill,_Bermuda" title="Town Hill, Bermuda">Town Hill</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Overseas Territory">British Overseas Territory</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a> (pop. 1,500)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">66,163 (2007)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Sub-Saharan African</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindian">Amerindian</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> (officially, The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is an <a href="/wiki/British_overseas_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="British overseas territories">overseas territory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Ocean</a>. Located off the <a href="/wiki/East_coast_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="East coast of the United States">east coast of the United States</a>, it is situated around 1,770 km (1,100 mi) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, and 1,350 km (840 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Halifax_(former_city),_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax (former city), Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, west of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, northwest of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, 1,759 km (1,093 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and north-northeast of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan, Puerto Rico</a>. The nearest landmass is <a href="/wiki/Cape_Hatteras" title="Cape Hatteras">Cape Hatteras</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, about 1,030 km (640 mi) west-northwest, followed by <a href="/wiki/Cape_Sable_Island" title="Cape Sable Island">Cape Sable Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> 1,236 km (768 mi) northward. Although commonly referred to in the singular (i.e., <i>The Island</i>, <i>The Rock</i>, and <i>Bermuda</i>), the territory consists of approximately 138 <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">islands</a>, with a total area of 57 km<sup>2</sup> (22 sq mi). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Native_terrestrial_ecology">Native terrestrial ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Native terrestrial ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1904_view_of_eastern_Hamilton_Harbour_and_Paget_Parish_from_Fort_Hamilton,_Prospect_Camp,_Bermuda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1904_view_of_eastern_Hamilton_Harbour_and_Paget_Parish_from_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Prospect_Camp%2C_Bermuda.jpg/220px-1904_view_of_eastern_Hamilton_Harbour_and_Paget_Parish_from_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Prospect_Camp%2C_Bermuda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1904_view_of_eastern_Hamilton_Harbour_and_Paget_Parish_from_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Prospect_Camp%2C_Bermuda.jpg/330px-1904_view_of_eastern_Hamilton_Harbour_and_Paget_Parish_from_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Prospect_Camp%2C_Bermuda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1904_view_of_eastern_Hamilton_Harbour_and_Paget_Parish_from_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Prospect_Camp%2C_Bermuda.jpg/440px-1904_view_of_eastern_Hamilton_Harbour_and_Paget_Parish_from_Fort_Hamilton%2C_Prospect_Camp%2C_Bermuda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>1904 view across Hamilton Harbour from Fort Hamilton of <a href="/wiki/Juniperus_bermudiana" title="Juniperus bermudiana">cedar</a>-cloaked hills in Paget Parish</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Callan_Glen_Coast_-_Bermuda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Callan_Glen_Coast_-_Bermuda.jpg/220px-Callan_Glen_Coast_-_Bermuda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Callan_Glen_Coast_-_Bermuda.jpg/330px-Callan_Glen_Coast_-_Bermuda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Callan_Glen_Coast_-_Bermuda.jpg/440px-Callan_Glen_Coast_-_Bermuda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1138" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption>The coast of Callan Glen, Hamilton Parish, Bermuda.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAmerica_w_bermuda.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/NAmerica_w_bermuda.png/220px-NAmerica_w_bermuda.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/NAmerica_w_bermuda.png/330px-NAmerica_w_bermuda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/NAmerica_w_bermuda.png/440px-NAmerica_w_bermuda.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> with Bermuda circled</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BDA_Aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/BDA_Aerial.jpg/220px-BDA_Aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/BDA_Aerial.jpg/330px-BDA_Aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/BDA_Aerial.jpg/440px-BDA_Aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Bermuda looking west, St. David's and St. George's in foreground</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_Bermuda" title="Ecology of Bermuda">Bermuda's ecology</a> has been altered radically since the 16th century by humans and the plants and animals they introduced. Some species had actually become extinct long before this, including the <a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_albatross" title="Short-tailed albatross">short-tailed albatross</a>, a species which occurs today only in the northern <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Forest_cover" title="Forest cover">Forest cover</a> is around 20% of the total land area, equivalent to 1,000 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, which was unchanged from 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of 165 plant species found in Bermuda today, 14 are <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a>, and 25 are endangered. When discovered, about 1505, the island's habitat was dominated by the remnant, <a href="/wiki/Old_growth_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Old growth forest">old-growth</a> forest of Bermuda Juniper (<i><a href="/wiki/Juniperus_bermudiana" title="Juniperus bermudiana">Juniperus bermudiana</a></i>). Underwater archaeology of the caldera basin to the north shows that the area was once densely forested with junipers when it was above sea level. The juniper is an endemic species, though related to species found in North America. Its wood is an unusually deep red, indicative of the high iron content of the island's soil (which is similarly very red). Prior to human settlement, there were several million juniper trees in Bermuda. By the 1830s, large areas of Bermuda had been denuded by the shipbuilding industry. As that industry died out in the 19th century, however, the junipers rapidly recovered their numbers. By 1900, when the human population neared 20,000, the islands were again covered densely with juniper, although many of these were juvenile trees. The respite proved temporary, however. In the 1940s, it was realised that two species of <a href="/wiki/Scale_insect" title="Scale insect">scale insect</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lepidosaphes_newsteadi" title="Lepidosaphes newsteadi">Lepidosaphes newsteadi</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Carulaspis_minima" title="Carulaspis minima">Carulaspis minima</a></i>, had accidentally been introduced, and were rapidly killing off the junipers, which had no immunity to their toxicological effect. Attempts were made to control the infestation naturally, which involved the large-scale introduction of <a href="/wiki/Coccinellidae" title="Coccinellidae">ladybird beetles</a> (<i>Coccinellidae</i>), but these were to no avail. Over the next decade, roughly 8 million juniper trees were lost to the scales. Motor cars were legalised in Bermuda in 1948, as a result of changes wrought by <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and the resultant sprawl of the rapidly growing population (which had reached 60,000 by the 1980s) outward from the pre-war population centres happened simultaneously with the destruction of the forests. Unlike in the 19th century, many plant species that had been introduced, some, like the <i><a href="/wiki/Casuarina" title="Casuarina">Casuarina</a></i>, specifically to replace the <a href="/wiki/Windbreak" title="Windbreak">windbreak</a> lost with the juniper, spread virulently. The juniper grows slowly by comparison to many of the <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced species</a>, and has been unable to thrive in the presence of <i>Casuarina</i> and <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian pepper">Brazilian pepper</a> trees. Efforts to restore it centre around intensively managed land areas, such as gardens and golf courses. Other large plant species, which were never as numerous as the juniper, had also fared poorly in the presence of invasive species, but have become popular with gardeners and their numbers also have increased in managed areas. These include two native species, the Bermuda olivewood (<i><a href="/wiki/Elaeodendron_laneanum" title="Elaeodendron laneanum">Elaeodendron laneanum</a></i>), and the Bermuda palmetto (<i><a href="/wiki/Sabal_bermudana" title="Sabal bermudana">Sabal bermudana</a></i>), the only native or endemic palm. In some coastal areas and inland marshes, Bermuda is the most northerly point at which <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> trees are found. Smaller plants include many <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a>. Notable among these is the rare Bermuda cave fern (<i><a href="/wiki/Ctenitis" title="Ctenitis">Ctenitis</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ctenitis_sloanei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ctenitis sloanei (page does not exist)">sloanei</a></i>). An even rarer fern,<i> <a href="/wiki/Diplazium_laffanianum" title="Diplazium laffanianum">Diplazium laffanianum</a></i>, no longer survives in the wild. Another native plant is the <a href="/wiki/Iris_(plant)" title="Iris (plant)">iris</a> <i>Bermudiana</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sisyrinchium_bermudiana" title="Sisyrinchium bermudiana">Sisyrinchium bermudiana</a></i>). This was thought to be endemic, but also appears in two locations in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. Many of the smaller endemic and native plants of Bermuda are rare and endangered, but others have survived and prospered. The common <a href="/wiki/Cynodon" title="Cynodon">Bermuda grass</a> is not actually Bermudian, but a Mediterranean import. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were few species of land animal in Bermuda before the arrival of humans. The only vertebrate species was the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_rock_skink" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda rock skink">Bermuda skink</a>, or <i>rock lizard</i> (<i>Eumeces longirostris</i>). These were quite numerous, but have become rare due to predation by introduced species, and, especially, the introduction of glass bottles, in which they easily become trapped. Unlike the introduced <a href="/wiki/Anole" class="mw-redirect" title="Anole">anoles</a>, their feet are unable to adhere to glass. Their range had been largely reduced to small islands of <a href="/wiki/Castle_Harbour,_Bermuda" title="Castle Harbour, Bermuda">Castle Harbour</a>, but they have re-colonised the mainland, and their numbers are increasing. The only other large land animals found on the island were crustaceans, notably two species of land crab, including the rare giant land crab (<i>Cardisoma quantami</i>). Insects included the endemic, ground-burrowing solitary bee, which has not been observed for several decades and is believed extinct. The native <a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">cicada</a> also became extinct with the loss of the juniper forest. Other native insects survive, including the migratory <a href="/wiki/Monarch_butterfly" title="Monarch butterfly">monarch butterfly</a> (<i>Danaus plexippus</i>), which has become threatened due to the loss of <a href="/wiki/Asclepias" title="Asclepias">milkweed</a>, which has been eradicated as a weed. The most numerous animals were, and are, birds. Several native species are related to North American species, including the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_bluebird" title="Eastern bluebird">eastern bluebird</a> (<i>Sialia sialis</i>), and the <a href="/wiki/White-eyed_vireo" title="White-eyed vireo">white-eyed vireo</a> (<i>Vireo griseus bermudianus</i>). Both of these were common, but have suffered from loss of habitat, from competition for nest sites with introduced <a href="/wiki/House_sparrow" title="House sparrow">house sparrows</a> (<i>Passer domesticus</i>), and nest-predation by <a href="/wiki/European_starling" class="mw-redirect" title="European starling">European starlings</a> (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Great_kiskadee" title="Great kiskadee">great kiskadees</a> (<i>Pitangus sulphuratus</i>) - this last species was deliberately introduced as late as 1957, with the intent that it would control the previously introduced anoles. Other native birds, including the <a href="/wiki/Grey_catbird" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey catbird">grey catbird</a>, have suffered from the same causes. The most famous Bermudian bird is the endemic <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_petrel" title="Bermuda petrel">Bermuda petrel</a> (<i>Pterodroma cahow</i>), or <i>cahow</i>. This is a pelagic seabird which had dug burrows for its nests. Humans are believed to have killed millions of them after settlement began in 1609, and feral pigs, introduced presumably by Spaniards decades before, also attacked their nests. Before the 17th century was over, the cahow was believed to be extinct. After sightings of the bird at sea, a young Bermudian, <a href="/wiki/David_B._Wingate" title="David B. Wingate">David B. Wingate</a>, theorised cahows might still be nesting on rocky islets of Castle Harbour. He visited these islets with ornithologists <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cushman_Murphy" title="Robert Cushman Murphy">Robert Cushman Murphy</a> and Louis S. Mowbray in 1951 and discovered a handful of nesting pairs. Under Wingate's supervision, a conservation programme has steadily increased the cahow's numbers. Species that arrived by natural dispersion and become native after human settlement include the <a href="/wiki/Western_barn_owl" title="Western barn owl">barn owl</a> (<i>Tyto alba</i>), and the <a href="/wiki/Mourning_dove" title="Mourning dove">mourning dove</a> (<i>Zenaida macroura</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduced_flora_and_fauna">Introduced flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Introduced flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since discovery by humans, numerous species have been introduced to the island, some deliberately, like the casurina, the feral pig, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_cardinal" title="Northern cardinal">cardinal</a> (<i>Cardinalis cardinalis</i>), anoles, ladybird beetles, and the kiskadee, some incidentally, like the <a href="/wiki/Brown_rat" title="Brown rat">Norwegian rat</a> (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Black_rat" title="Black rat">black rat</a> (<i>Rattus rattus</i>), and the others accidentally, like the scale mites, and the <a href="/wiki/Latrodectus_geometricus" title="Latrodectus geometricus">brown widow spider</a> (<i>Latrodectus geometricus</i>). Other imported species include the <a href="/wiki/Cane_toad" title="Cane toad">cane toad</a> (<i>Bufo marinus</i>), and tree frogs. </p><p>In addition to casuarinas, numerous other species of tree, bush, shrub, cacti, palm, and other grasses have been introduced, with many of them proving to be invasive species. Despite the decimation of the cedar, those parts of the island not covered in buildings and tarmac are now densely covered in trees and shrubbery, including <a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">allspice</a> (<i>Pimenta dioica </i>), fiddlewood, <a href="/wiki/Araucaria_heterophylla" title="Araucaria heterophylla">Norfolk Island pine</a> (<i>Araucaria heterophylla</i>), <a href="/wiki/Coccoloba_uvifera" title="Coccoloba uvifera">bay grape</a> (<i>Coccoloba uvifera</i>), <a href="/wiki/Surinam_Cherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Surinam Cherry">Surinam cherry</a> (<i>Eugenia uniflora</i>), <a href="/wiki/Royal_Poinciana" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Poinciana">poinciana</a> (<i>Delonix regia</i>), <a href="/wiki/Washingtonia" title="Washingtonia">fan palms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut palm">coconut palm</a> (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>), <a href="/wiki/Roystonea" title="Roystonea">royal palm</a> (<i>Roystonea</i>), <a href="/wiki/Pittosporum" title="Pittosporum">pittusporum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carissa" title="Carissa">Natal plum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loquat" title="Loquat">loquat</a> (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i>), <a href="/wiki/Oleander" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleander">oleander</a> (<i>Nerium oleander</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Hibiscus" title="Hibiscus">hibiscus</a>. Most of the introduced species have proved to be unequal to Bermuda's frequently fierce weather. A succession of winter storms and a few powerful hurricanes that have struck over the last two decades have reduced woodlands, and available nest sites for small birds. The number of large trees, particularly, has been reduced. Although cedars are adapted to the local climate, and not so affected by stormy weather, <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">rising sea levels</a> are beginning to inundate the roots of <a href="/wiki/Old_growth_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Old growth forest">old-growth</a> cedars near low-lying <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshlands</a>, causing many to die. </p><p>Many domestic animal species have been introduced, including dogs, horses, goats, sheep, chickens, and cats, with cats long having established a large feral population. <a href="/wiki/Feral_chickens" class="mw-redirect" title="Feral chickens">Feral chickens</a> have recently become numerous (since the government ended its policy of allowing members of the local shotgun club to shoot them), and feral rabbits can also be found. Populations of feral guinea pigs have been established and then eradicated. Feral pigs were hunted to extinction centuries ago. Today, introduced feral species, particularly cats, are blamed for falling numbers of native birds, from bluebirds to <i>longtails</i>, but the primary threats are loss of habitat, due now to overdevelopment, and climate change (rising sea levels, increased hurricane activity, and rising temperatures are all having an effect on cahow nests, particularly). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulf_Stream_water_temperature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gulf_Stream_water_temperature.jpg/220px-Gulf_Stream_water_temperature.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gulf_Stream_water_temperature.jpg/330px-Gulf_Stream_water_temperature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gulf_Stream_water_temperature.jpg/440px-Gulf_Stream_water_temperature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Bermuda's climate is partly determined by its location to the east of the warm, poleward-moving <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Bermuda lies in the transition zone between <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a> (<i>Af</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<i>Cfa</i>). Although Bermuda meets the temperature threshold of a tropical climate (coolest month has a mean temperature of 18 °C (64 °F) or higher), the higher latitude of Bermuda (32°18′North) is north of the latitude that most tropical climates are typically found. Bermuda has never experienced a freeze or frost, and winters are quite warm by European and North American standards. </p><p>Bermuda experiences hot and humid summers (mid-summer high temperatures generally reach as high a 86 °F (30 °C), with a record high of 93 °F (34 °C) during August, 1989)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the majority of precipitation falling from isolated showers and thunderstorms, and mild winters. Occasional <a href="/wiki/Tropical_wave" title="Tropical wave">Tropical Waves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Cyclones" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Cyclones">Tropical Cyclones</a> can also play a role in summertime precipitation totals when they exit the tropics. Winters are mild to semi-warm, with temperatures rarely falling below 10 °C (50 °F). Precipitation in wintertime is controlled by fronts moving eastward from the North American continent and into the Atlantic Ocean. During the peak of winter in Bermuda, these fronts can be followed by northwesterly gales and gusty showers that sometimes contain small hail. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed through the year, but is somewhat less reliable in April and especially May, Bermuda's driest months on average, when the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda-Azores_High" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda-Azores High">Bermuda-Azores High</a> can bring extended dry spells. Summers are hot and humid, with frequent intense (but brief) thundershowers. On average, August is the wettest month. It is not uncommon, during the summer, to ride on sunbaked roads, then round a corner to come suddenly on drenched and steaming tarmac where a shower has passed only minutes earlier. </p><p>Bermuda's weather is largely controlled by the position and structure of the Bermuda-Azores High. This semi-permanent high pressure area (often centered southwest of the Azores) extends a ridge westward toward Bermuda during the spring and summer when the high is most intense. Oriented west-to-east to the near south of Bermuda, clockwise flow around the surface high brings <a href="/wiki/Prevailing_winds" title="Prevailing winds">prevailing winds</a> from the southwest for much of the summer and subsequently prevents fronts from reaching the island. However, the ridge sometimes shifts to the north of the island allowing easterly or northeasterly winds.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fall and winter, the ridge near Bermuda becomes more transient, allowing frontal systems to affect the island. Winds around these systems are much more variable (and often stronger) but typically settle out of the southwest ahead of a cold front and shift to the west or northwest behind a cold front. </p><p>A local weather phenomenon that occurs mainly in late summer is colloquially known as "Morgan's Cloud".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On otherwise fair, hot summer days with light southwesterly winds, <a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">convective</a> clouds can develop along the length of the island and blow to the northeast growing. In extreme cases, this cloud formation can develop into heavy showers and thunderstorms and it has been known to produce funnel clouds and waterspouts in the eastern parishes. This phenomenon also occurs in the less common northeasterly wind regime ("reverse" Morgan's Cloud) but its effects are felt in the western parishes. The key to Morgan's Cloud forming is light winds blowing along the length of the island which is often warmer than the surrounding waters on hot summer days. This organizes upward motions allowing this cloud formation to occur. Similar localized cloud development is observed in linear tropical and subtropical islands globally. Furthermore, showers following strong cold fronts in wintertime form in a similar manner to <a href="/wiki/Lake-effect_snow" title="Lake-effect snow">lake-effect snow</a>. Cold air blowing over warm water decreases atmospheric stability, allowing convection to form and grow into showers. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/USDA_Hardiness_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="USDA Hardiness Zone">hardiness zone</a> is 11B/12A. In other words, the coldest that the annual minimum temperature may be expected to be is between 50°F and 55°F (10°C to 12.8°C). This is unusual for such a northerly latitude, and is a half-zone higher than the lower <a href="/wiki/Florida_Keys" title="Florida Keys">Florida Keys</a>. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:70%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bermuda (<a href="/wiki/L.F._Wade_International_Airport" title="L.F. Wade International Airport">L.F. Wade International Airport</a>) (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1949-2023)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(58.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.6<br />(5.02) </td> <td style="background: #34FF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123.6<br />(4.87) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.9<br />(4.68) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.8<br />(3.42) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.6<br />(3.72) </td> <td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110.2<br />(4.34) </td> <td style="background: #51FF51; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.2<br />(4.57) </td> <td style="background: #08FF08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.2<br />(6.50) </td> <td style="background: #1FFF1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.2<br />(5.72) </td> <td style="background: #20FF20; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149.1<br />(5.87) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.6<br />(4.39) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.8<br />(4.13) </td> <td style="background: #47FF47; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,453.8<br />(57.23) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">136.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C0C020; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.2 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.7 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">231.9 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">255.9 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">255.6 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">284.6 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">272.7 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">221.8 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.3 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.0 </td> <td style="background: #C2C217; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.6 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,515.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Bermuda Weather Service (mean max and min 2006-2023, humidity 1995-2010, dew point 2002-2018, sun 1999-2019)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Average sea temperature<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Jan</b> </th> <th><b>Feb</b> </th> <th><b>Mar</b> </th> <th><b>Apr</b> </th> <th><b>May</b> </th> <th><b>Jun</b> </th> <th><b>Jul</b> </th> <th><b>Aug</b> </th> <th><b>Sep</b> </th> <th><b>Oct</b> </th> <th><b>Nov</b> </th> <th><b>Dec</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>19.2 °C (66.6 °F) </td> <td>18.6 °C (65.5 °F) </td> <td>18.5 °C (65.3 °F) </td> <td>20.1 °C (68.2 °F) </td> <td>22.4 °C (72.3 °F) </td> <td>25.3 °C (77.5 °F) </td> <td>27.7 °C (81.9 °F) </td> <td>28.3 °C (82.9 °F) </td> <td>27.4 °C (81.3 °F) </td> <td>24.9 °C (76.8 °F) </td> <td>22.4 °C (72.3 °F) </td> <td>20.1 °C (68.2 °F) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_geography">Human geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Human geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_early_colony">The early colony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The early colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg/220px-Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg/330px-Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg/440px-Somers_Isles_Map_-_John_Speed_1676.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2744" data-file-height="1781" /></a><figcaption>A 1676 map of the Somers Isles (Bermuda) by John Speed, based on the map of surveyor Richard Norwood</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bermuda-divmap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bermuda-divmap.png/220px-Bermuda-divmap.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bermuda-divmap.png/330px-Bermuda-divmap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bermuda-divmap.png/440px-Bermuda-divmap.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>Subdivisions of Bermuda</figcaption></figure> <p>When settled, in the 17th century, first by the <a href="/wiki/London_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Company">Virginia Company</a>, then by its spin-off, the <a href="/wiki/Somers_Isles_Company" title="Somers Isles Company">Somers Isles Company</a>, Bermuda was divided into nine equally sized administrative areas. These comprised one public territory (known as <i>St. George's</i>) and eight "tribes" (soon retitled as "parishes"). These "tribes" were subdivided into lots, separated by narrow <i>tribe roads</i> (supposedly created by clearing the path of a barrel rolled from the south to north shores). These roads served both to demarcate the boundaries of lots, and also as access routes to the shoreline, as the primary method of transport about Bermuda would remain by boat for the next three centuries. Each of the lots equated to shares in the company. Each of the tribes was named for a major "adventurer" (shareholder) of the Company. Most were nobles, who used the <a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">toponyms</a> of their titles, hence most of the parishes bear place names from <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>: <i>Devonshire</i> (for <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_1st_Earl_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire">William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire</a>, 1552–1626), <i><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Hamilton" title="Duke of Hamilton">Hamilton</a></i> (for <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_2nd_Marquess_of_Hamilton" title="James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton">James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton</a>, 1589–1625), <i>Pembroke</i> (for <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_3rd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke">William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke</a>, 1580–1630), <i>Southampton</i> (for <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wriothesley,_3rd_Earl_of_Southampton" title="Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton">Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton</a>, 1573–1624), and <i>Warwick</i> (for <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rich,_2nd_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick">Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick</a>, 1587–1658). The others are <i>Paget</i> (for <a href="/wiki/William_Paget,_4th_Baron_Paget" title="William Paget, 4th Baron Paget">William Paget, 4th Baron Paget de Beaudesert</a>, 1572–1629), <i>Sandys</i> (for <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sandys_(died_1629)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Sandys (died 1629)">Sir Edwin Sandys</a>, 1561–1629), and Smith's (for <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Smythe" title="Thomas Smythe">Sir Thomas Smith</a>, 1588–1625). Hamilton Parish was originally named <i>Bedford</i>, after <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Russell,_Countess_of_Bedford" title="Lucy Russell, Countess of Bedford">Lucy Russell, Countess of Bedford</a>, who sold her shares to the Scottish nobleman, James Hamilton. Devonshire Parish had originally been named <i>Cavendish Tribe</i>. The short-lived use of the word "tribes" for administrative regions appears to have been unique to the Bermuda example. The ninth parish was <i>common</i> (or <i>King's</i>, or <i>general</i>) land, not subdivided by tribe roads, and was named for the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of England, <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a>. It includes the island and the town both of the same name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bermudian convention, where a <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponym</a> contains the name of a person, is to render the person's name in the <a href="/wiki/Possessive" title="Possessive">possessive</a> form. The place is rarely treated as equivalent to the person. </p><p>Among many examples of such place names in Bermuda are <a href="/wiki/St._David%27s_Island,_Bermuda" title="St. David's Island, Bermuda">St. David's Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bailey%27s_Bay,_Bermuda" title="Bailey's Bay, Bermuda">Bailey's Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandys_Parish,_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandys Parish, Bermuda">Sandys' Parish</a> (named for <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sandys_(died_1629)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Sandys (died 1629)">Sir Edwin Sandys</a>), Skeeters' Island (often mistakenly rendered "Skeeter's Island", it is named for Edward Skeeters and is also known as <i>Burt's Island</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gibb's Hill, Barr's Bay, Ackermann's Hill, Nelly's Island, <a href="/wiki/Cooper%27s_Island,_Bermuda" title="Cooper's Island, Bermuda">Cooper's Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darrell%27s_Island,_Bermuda" title="Darrell's Island, Bermuda">Darrell's Island</a>, Paynter's Vale, Abbot's Head (or Abbot's Cliff),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Fort St. Catherine's. The possessive form is also used for titles, as with <i>Collector's Hill</i> (named for the Collector of Taxes). </p><p>The use of the possessive form is not exclusive, however, as exemplified by place names such as the names of most of the parishes (which - other than St. George's Parish - all commemorate historical people), such as <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Parish,_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Parish, Bermuda">Hamilton Parish</a> (named for <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_2nd_Marquess_of_Hamilton" title="James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton">James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton</a>), Devonshire Parish (named for), and Paget Parish. Some of these exceptions may have originated with changed syntax, as <i>Devonshire Parish</i> may originally have been <i>The Parish of Devonshire</i>. This is seen with the City of Hamilton (named for <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hamilton_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hamilton (governor)">Henry Hamilton</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Governor of Bermuda</a>). Whereas the City of Hamilton is commonly referred to as <i>Hamilton</i>, The Town of St. George, St. George's Parish, St. George's Island, and St. George's Harbour (and any other toponym usually containing a person's name in the possessive form) always remains possessive when shortened, such as in the <i>St. George's Foundation</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bermuda2021OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bermuda2021OSM.png/220px-Bermuda2021OSM.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bermuda2021OSM.png/330px-Bermuda2021OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bermuda2021OSM.png/440px-Bermuda2021OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="6175" data-file-height="4253" /></a><figcaption>Enlargeable, detailed map of Bermuda</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Maritime claims</dt> <dd> <ul><li>Territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)</li> <li>Exclusive fishing zone: 200 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (370.4 km; 230.2 mi)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Land use</dt> <dd> <ul><li>Arable land: 14.8%</li> <li>Permanent crops: 0%</li> <li>Other: 85.2% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (2012)</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Natural hazards</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Hurricanes</a> (June to November)</dd> <dt>Environment - current issues</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>sustainable development</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda#Administrative_divisions" title="Bermuda">Bermuda § Parishes and municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Bermuda" title="List of islands of Bermuda">List of islands of Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife of Bermuda">Wildlife of Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Pedestal" title="Bermuda Pedestal">Bermuda Pedestal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_in_Bermuda" title="Tornadoes in Bermuda">Tornadoes in Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bermuda_hurricanes" title="List of Bermuda hurricanes">List of Bermuda hurricanes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 2006 to 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Bernews Network. 2014-04-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreverbermuda.com/weather-climate">the original</a> on 2021-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Early Years: <i>The Death Of Anna Skeeters</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060630/http://www.thebermudian.com/heritage/991-bermudas-true-crime-gothic-tale">"The Bermudian magazine: <i>The Skeeters Murder</i>. By Sandra Campbell. 15 March, 2013"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebermudian.com/heritage/991-bermudas-true-crime-gothic-tale">the original</a> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bermudian+magazine%3A+The+Skeeters+Murder.+By+Sandra+Campbell.+15+March%2C+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebermudian.com%2Fheritage%2F991-bermudas-true-crime-gothic-tale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Bermuda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2001453&fid=505&c=bermuda">Geographic.org. Photius Coutsoukis and Information Technology Associates</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200711224548/http://www.stgeorgesfoundation.org/">"St. George's Foundation website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stgeorgesfoundation.org/">the original</a> on 2020-07-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+George%27s+Foundation+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stgeorgesfoundation.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Bermuda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/copyright-and-contributors/">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/"><i>The World Factbook</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Bermuda" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J. Wreford Watson, J. Oliver, C. H. Foggo, <i>A Geography of Bermuda</i> (Collins, London, 1965)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Bermuda&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Bermuda" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Geography of Bermuda">Geography of Bermuda</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.bm/">Bermuda Weather Service:</a> Weather Forecast Online</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://66.55.123.26/">Bermuda Harbour Radio</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Live webcam at Fort George, overlooking St. George's Harbour</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060523162202/http://www.uow.edu.au/science/eesc/staff/hearty/HEARTY%20PDF%20papers/41_H%20%26%20Vacher_Bermuda.pdf">Quaternary Stratigraphy of Bermuda: A High-Resolution Pre-Sangamonian Rock Record (Pdf)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geokem.com/OIB-volcanic-atlantic.html">Atlantic Ocean Volcanism, OIBs, Tholeiites and Basanites</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070928145927/http://www.amityregion5.org/ngoss/Geology.htm">Amity Region: Germuda Geology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2997507">JSTOR: Quaternary Vegetation Change and Dune Formation on Bermuda: A Discussion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060415080308/http://earthsciences.dal.ca/aboutus/abstract/ab_th_1999.html#javaux">Dalhousie University. Ph. D. Thesis, Emmanuelle Javaux: Benthic Foraminifera from the Modern Sediments of Bermuda: Implications for Holocene Sea-Level Studies</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060824235644/http://islands.unep.ch/ISD.htm">"Islands of Bermuda (United Kingdom)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System-wide_Earthwatch" title="United Nations System-wide Earthwatch">United Nations System-wide Earthwatch</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islands.unep.ch/ISD.htm">the original</a> on 2006-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islands+of+Bermuda+%28United+Kingdom%29&rft.pub=United+Nations+System-wide+Earthwatch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislands.unep.ch%2FISD.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Bermuda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bermuda-island.net/INTRODUCTION/Geography/index.php">Bermuda Geography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041014173809/http://www.bermuda-island.net/INTRODUCTION/Geography/index.php">Archived</a> 2004-10-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from Bermuda-Island.net, with antique maps</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bermuda4u.com/Essential/bermuda_geography.html">Bermuda4u.com</a> - Interactive Map of Bermuda and all its parishes.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060102175600/http://www.swamphen.net/birds/lists/atlantic/bermuda.htm">Birds of Bermuda</a></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Bermuda" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Bermuda">Wikimedia Atlas of Bermuda</a></p><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bermuda_topics" title="Template:Bermuda topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bermuda_topics" title="Template talk:Bermuda topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bermuda_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bermuda topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bermuda_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Bermuda-related_articles" title="Index of Bermuda-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bermuda" title="History of Bermuda">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hurricanes_in_Bermuda" title="Category:Hurricanes in Bermuda">Hurricane strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Railway" title="Bermuda Railway">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_sloop" title="Bermuda sloop">Sloop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">Colonisation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Company">London Company</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Venture" title="Sea Venture">Sea Venture</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Somers" title="George Somers">George Somers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somers_Isles_Company" title="Somers Isles Company">Somers Isles Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Butler" title="Nathaniel Butler">Nathaniel Butler</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Bermuda" title="Military of Bermuda">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Base_Command" title="Bermuda Base Command">Bermuda Base Command (World War II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militias_1612%E2%80%931815" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Militias 1612–1815">Militias</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_1612%E2%80%931687" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Militia 1612–1687">1612–1687</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_1687%E2%80%931813" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Militia 1687–1813">1687–1813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_1813" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Militia 1813">1813</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_America_and_West_Indies_Station" title="North America and West Indies Station">North American Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force,_Bermuda_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Royal Air Force, Bermuda (1939–1945)">RAF in Bermuda during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USN_Submarine_Base,_Ordnance_Island,_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="USN Submarine Base, Ordnance Island, Bermuda">USN Submarine Base, Ordnance Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bermuda_Volunteer/Territorial_Army_Units_1895%E2%80%931965&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bermuda Volunteer/Territorial Army Units 1895–1965 (page does not exist)">Volunteer/Territorial Army Units 1895–1965</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda" title="Coat of arms of Bermuda"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="925" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Triangle" title="Bermuda Triangle">Bermuda Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Institute_of_Ocean_Sciences" title="Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences">Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Bermuda" title="List of islands of Bermuda">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_National_Trust" title="Bermuda National Trust">National Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spittal_Pond_Nature_Reserve" title="Spittal Pond Nature Reserve">Spittal Pond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Bermuda" title="Category:Environment of Bermuda">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife of Bermuda">Flora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_onion#Bermuda_onions" title="Sweet onion">Bermuda onion</a> (cultivated)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casuarina" title="Casuarina">Casuarina</a></i> (invasive)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaeodendron_laneanum" title="Elaeodendron laneanum">Elaeodendron laneanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juniperus_bermudiana" title="Juniperus bermudiana">Juniperus bermudiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum">Lilium longiflorum</a></i> (cultivated)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabal_bermudana" title="Sabal bermudana">Sabal bermudana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sisyrinchium_bermudiana" title="Sisyrinchium bermudiana">Sisyrinchium bermudiana</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife of Bermuda">Fauna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_land_snail" title="Bermuda land snail">Bermuda land snail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_petrel" title="Bermuda petrel">Bermuda petrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_rock_skink" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda rock skink">Bermuda rock skink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ground_dove" title="Common ground dove">Common ground dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_bluebird" title="Eastern bluebird">Eastern bluebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_catbird" title="Gray catbird">Gray catbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_kiskadee" title="Great kiskadee">Great kiskadee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Humpback whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourning_dove" title="Mourning dove">Mourning dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_cardinal" title="Northern cardinal">Northern cardinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-eyed_vireo" title="White-eyed vireo">White-eyed vireo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_tropicbird" title="White-tailed tropicbird">White-tailed tropicbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-crowned_night_heron" title="Yellow-crowned night heron">Yellow-crowned night heron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bermuda" title="List of schools in Bermuda">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Berkeley_Institute" title="The Berkeley Institute">Berkeley Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedarbridge_Academy" title="Cedarbridge Academy">Cedarbridge Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_High_School" title="Bermuda High School">Bermuda HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Institute" title="Bermuda Institute">Bermuda Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltus_Grammar_School" title="Saltus Grammar School">Saltus Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_Academy" title="Warwick Academy">Warwick Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Tertiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_College" title="Bermuda College">Bermuda College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bermuda" title="Politics of Bermuda">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bermuda" title="Elections in Bermuda">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Police_Service" title="Bermuda Police Service">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bermuda">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bermuda" title="Parliament of Bermuda">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bermuda" title="List of political parties in Bermuda">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Premiers_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Premiers of Bermuda">Premiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bermuda" title="Economy of Bermuda">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACE_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="ACE Limited">ACE Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_dollar" title="Bermudian dollar">Bermudian dollar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfield_Bank" title="Butterfield Bank">Butterfield Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity in Bermuda">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Bermuda" title="HSBC Bank Bermuda">HSBC Bank Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Industrial_Union" title="Bermuda Industrial Union">Industrial Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Monetary_Authority" title="Bermuda Monetary Authority">Monetary Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Public_Services_Association" title="Bermuda Public Services Association">Public Services Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Stock_Exchange" title="Bermuda Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bermuda" title="Transport in Bermuda">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XL_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="XL Capital">XL Capital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Bermuda" title="Category:Society of Bermuda">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Bermuda" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Bermuda">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Places_of_interest_in_Bermuda" title="Places of interest in Bermuda">Places of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Causeway,_Bermuda" title="The Causeway, Bermuda">The Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fairmont_Hamilton_Princess" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fairmont Hamilton Princess">The Fairmont Hamilton Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Bermuda" title="Government House, Bermuda">Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton, Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Bermuda" title="List of lighthouses in Bermuda">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Dockyard,_Bermuda" title="Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda">Royal Naval Dockyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Bridge,_Bermuda" title="Somerset Bridge, Bermuda">Somerset Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Victoria Park, Hamilton, Bermuda">Victoria Park, Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Bermuda">Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">Bermuda Broadcasting Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Bermuda" title="List of newspapers in Bermuda">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Bermuda" title="Postal codes in Bermuda">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bermuda" title="Television in Bermuda">TV stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bermuda" title="Culture of Bermuda">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bermuda" title="Architecture of Bermuda">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_English" title="Bermudian English">Bermudian English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda" title="Coat of arms of Bermuda">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_cuisine" title="Bermudian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombey" title="Gombey">Gombey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_kite" title="Bermuda kite">Kites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bermuda" title="Music of Bermuda">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bermuda" title="Public holidays in Bermuda">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Day" title="Bermuda Day">Bermuda Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_shorts" title="Bermuda shorts">Shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_and_recreation_in_Bermuda" title="Sports and recreation in Bermuda">Sports and recreation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Bermuda">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Bermuda" title="Anglican Church of Bermuda">Anglican Church of Bermuda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Most_Holy_Trinity,_Bermuda" title="Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity, Bermuda">Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Hamilton_in_Bermuda" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton in Bermuda">Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton in Bermuda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Theresa_of_Lisieux" title="Cathedral of Saint Theresa of Lisieux">Cathedral of Saint Theresa of Lisieux</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bermuda" title="Outline of Bermuda">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Bermuda-related_articles" title="Index of Bermuda-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bermuda" title="Category:Bermuda">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_North_America" title="Template:Geography of North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_North_America" title="Template talk:Geography of North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_America" title="Geography of North America">Geography of North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Geography of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Bahamas" title="Geography of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Barbados" title="Geography of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belize" title="Geography of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Canada" title="Geography of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Costa_Rica" title="Geography of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cuba" title="Geography of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Dominica" title="Geography of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Geography of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_El_Salvador" title="Geography of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Grenada" title="Geography of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guatemala" title="Geography of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Haiti" title="Geography of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Honduras" title="Geography of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jamaica" title="Geography of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mexico" title="Geography of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nicaragua" title="Geography of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Panama" title="Geography of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Geography of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Geography of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Geography of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Geography of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_North_America.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/100px-Location_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/150px-Location_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/200px-Location_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Anguilla" title="Geography of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Aruba" title="Geography of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Geography of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Geography of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Geography of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guadeloupe" title="Geography of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Martinique" title="Geography of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montserrat" title="Geography of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Geography of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Geography of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sint_Eustatius" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Geography of the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Climate_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Climate_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of North America">Climate of North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Dominica" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mexico" title="Climate of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_States" title="Climate of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Cayman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Greenland" title="Climate of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Martinique" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Montserrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Climate of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" 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