CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Yozna Gurung</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Yozna Gurung"> <meta name="keywords" content="Yozna Gurung"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Yozna Gurung" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Yozna Gurung"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 13</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Yozna Gurung</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Identifying Children at Risk for Specific Language Impairment Using a Wordless Picture Narrative: A Study on Hindi, an Indian Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yozna%20Gurung">Yozna Gurung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents preliminary findings from an on-going study on the use of Internal State Terms (IST) in the production of narratives of Hindi-English bilinguals in an attempt to identify children at risk for Specific Language Impairment. Narratives were examined for macrostructure (story structure and story complexity) and internal state terms or mental state terms (IST/MST). 31 students generated stories based on six pictures that were matched for content and story structure in L1 (Hindi) and L2 (English) using a wordless picture narrative. From 30 sample population, 2 students are at risk of Specific Language Impairment, according to this study i.e 6.45%. They showed least development in story grammar as well as IST in both their languages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20state%20terms" title="internal state terms">internal state terms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrostructure" title=" macrostructure"> macrostructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20language%20impairment" title=" specific language impairment"> specific language impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wordless%20picture%20narrative" title=" wordless picture narrative"> wordless picture narrative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58297/identifying-children-at-risk-for-specific-language-impairment-using-a-wordless-picture-narrative-a-study-on-hindi-an-indian-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Study on Quality of Life among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in National Kidney Centre, Banasthali, Kathmandu</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tara%20Gurung">Tara Gurung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suprina%20Prajapati"> Suprina Prajapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Health and well being of people is a crucial for accomplishing sustainable development goals of any country. The present study focuses on quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Hemodialysis is a life sustaining treatment for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Hemodialysis can bring about significant impairment in health related quality of life (HRQOL). The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life of hemodialysis patients undergoing hemodialysis. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was utilized in total 100 samples using random sampling technique. The findings revealed that the total quality of life of the patients was 30.41±3.99 out of 100. The total physical component score was statistically significant with education status of the patients where p value for t test was 0.03 (p=0.03) and occupation of the patients where p value for the ANOVA test was 0.007 (p=0.007). The study recommended that it would be better if awareness programs regarding chronic kidney disease and life style modification in hemodialysis patients is given to the patients so that it would help patients to maintain the HRQOL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20and%20well%20bing" title="health and well bing">health and well bing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemodialysis" title=" hemodialysis"> hemodialysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patients%20quality%20of%20life" title=" patients quality of life "> patients quality of life </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117690/study-on-quality-of-life-among-patients-undergoing-hemodialysis-in-national-kidney-centre-banasthali-kathmandu" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Lessons Learnt from Moment Magnitude 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Gurung">Narayan Gurung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawu%20Wang"> Fawu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranjan%20Kumar%20Dahal"> Ranjan Kumar Dahal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nepal is highly prone to earthquakes and has witnessed at least one major earthquake in 80 to 90 years interval. The Gorkha earthquake, that measured 7.8 RS in magnitude and struck Nepal on 25th April 2015, after 81 years since Mw 8.3 Nepal Bihar earthquake in 1934, was the largest earthquake after Mw 8.3 Nepal Bihar earthquake. In this paper, an attempt has been made to highlight the lessons learnt from the MwW 7.8 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake. Several types of damage patterns in buildings were observed for reinforced concrete buildings, as well as for unreinforced masonry and adobe houses in the earthquake of 25 April 2015. Many field visits in the affected areas were conducted, and thus, associated failure and damage patterns were identified and analyzed. Damage patterns in non-engineered buildings, middle and high-rise buildings, commercial complexes, administrative buildings, schools and other critical facilities are also included from the affected districts. For most buildings, the construction and structural deficiencies have been identified as the major causes of failure; however, topography, local soil amplification, foundation settlement, liquefaction associated damages and buildings built in hazard-prone areas were also significantly observed for the failure or damages to buildings and hence are reported. Finally, the lessons learnt from Mw 7.8 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake are presented in order to mitigate impacts of future earthquakes in Nepal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gorkha%20earthquake" title="Gorkha earthquake">Gorkha earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20structure" title=" reinforced concrete structure"> reinforced concrete structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lesson%20learnt" title=" lesson learnt"> lesson learnt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88548/lessons-learnt-from-moment-magnitude-78-gorkha-nepal-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Gender-Based Violence among Women and Girls with Disability in Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manita%20Pyakurel">Manita Pyakurel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Chandra%20Silwal"> Ram Chandra Silwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padam%20Simkhada"> Padam Simkhada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20van%20Teijlingen"> Edwin van Teijlingen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikesh%20Bajracharya"> Bikesh Bajracharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushila%20Sapkota"> Sushila Sapkota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Gorkhali"> Tina Gorkhali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salita%20Gurung"> Salita Gurung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Gender-based violence (GBV) has been identified as a social and personal security concern for women with disabilities who are at increased risk for various types of abuse. This study aims to determine the prevalence rates of physical, psychological, and sexual violence among women and girls with disability in Nepal. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 28 municipalities, 14 districts, and 7 provinces representing all three ecological regions of Nepal from January to March 2021. Study respondents were girls and women with disabilities, aged between 15 and 59 years, at the study sites. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted among 1294 respondents using the KoBo toolbox application on a smartphone or tablet. Results: Among the total study population, 35.3% shared lifetime violence experience. Only 4.8% formally reported violence experienced. Among the violence experienced participants maximum (92.6%) of women and girls identified no change in violence before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Women who were married had protective odds of 0.71 for violence experienced in their lifetime [aOR-0.71, CI (0.56-0.90)]. Conclusion: More than one-third experienced violence in their lifetime. Intimate partner violence was the most common violence experienced by women and girls with disability in Nepal. Sexual violence was the least type of violence experienced. The most common perpetrator of violence includes the mother or father-in-law. Most of the women and girls never reported violence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender-based%20violence" title="gender-based violence">gender-based violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=girls" title=" girls"> girls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156935/gender-based-violence-among-women-and-girls-with-disability-in-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Determination of Multidrug-Resistant Livestock Associated Bacteria from Goats, Cows, and Buffaloes in Pokhara Kaski</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganga%20Sagar%20Bhattarai">Ganga Sagar Bhattarai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swastika%20Gurung"> Swastika Gurung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antibiotics were being misused in both humans and animals, which led to the development of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Antibiotic abuse is likely rampant among goats, cows, and buffaloes in order to boost growth and reduce production losses. The aim of this study is to know the multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria in goats, cows, and buffaloes. Out of 68 samples that were examined, S. aureus, Bacillus spp., E. coli, Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., S. epidremidis, and Salmonella spp. were isolated. S. aureus was the highest isolated bacteria (91.17%), Bacillus spp. (61.76%), E. coli (48.52%), Shigella spp. (22.05%), Klebsiella spp. (17.64%), S. epidermidis (13.23%), and the Salmonella spp. (7.35%). Salmonella spp. and E. coli showed multidrug resistance to at least four antibiotics, including Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Piperacillin, and Ciprofloxacin, in Salmonella and to at least three antibiotics, including Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, and Nalidic acid. The highest resistance bacteria Salmonella spp. showed (57.14%) E. coli and Bacillus spp. showed (42.85%) S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Shigella spp. showed (28.57%), and Klebsiella spp. showed (14.28%). This study showed that antibiotic-resistant bacteria with high levels of Amoxicillin, Penicillin, and Tetracycline resistance are present in healthy farm animals such as goats, cows, and buffaloes. Options for antibiotic therapy in both humans and animals will likely be limited as a result. The use, distribution, storage, and sale of antibiotics in veterinary practices must consequently be under strict control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidrug%20resistance" title="multidrug resistance">multidrug resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidrug%20resistance%20bacteria" title=" multidrug resistance bacteria"> multidrug resistance bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptibility%20testing" title=" susceptibility testing"> susceptibility testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20infections" title=" bacterial infections"> bacterial infections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169059/determination-of-multidrug-resistant-livestock-associated-bacteria-from-goats-cows-and-buffaloes-in-pokhara-kaski" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Skin Diseases in the Rural Areas in Nepal; Impact on Quality of Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwarika%20P.%20Shrestha">Dwarika P. Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipendra%20Gurung"> Dipendra Gurung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rushma%20Shrestha"> Rushma Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inger%20Rosdahl"> Inger Rosdahl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Skin diseases are one of the most common health problems in Nepal. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of skin diseases and impact on quality of life in rural areas in Nepal. Materials and methods: A house-to-house survey was conducted, to obtain socio-demographic data and identify individuals with skin diseases, followed by health camps, where the villagers were examined. A pilot study was conducted in one village, which was then extended to 10 villages in 4 districts. To assess the impact on quality of life, the villagers were interviewed with Skin Disease Disability Index. This is a questionnaire developed and validated by the authors for use in Nepal. Results: In the pilot study, the overall prevalence of skin diseases was 20.1% (645/3207). In the additional 10 villages with 7348 (3651/3787 m/f) inhabitants, 1862 (721/1141 m/f, mean age 31.4 years) had one or more skin diseases. The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 25%. The most common skin disease categories were eczemas (13.7%, percentage among all inhabitants) pigment disorders (6.8%), fungal infections (4.9%), nevi (3.7%) and urticaria (2.9%). These five most common skin disease categories comprise 71% of all skin diseases seen in the study. The mean skin disease disability index score was 13.7, indicating very large impact on the quality of life. Conclusions: This population-based study shows that skin diseases are very common in the rural areas of Nepal and have significant impact on quality of life. Targeted intervention at the primary health care level should help to reduce the health burden due to skin diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence%20and%20pattern%20of%20skin%20diseases" title="prevalence and pattern of skin diseases">prevalence and pattern of skin diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20on%20quality%20of%20life" title=" impact on quality of life"> impact on quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20Nepal" title=" rural Nepal"> rural Nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interventions" title=" interventions"> interventions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36188/skin-diseases-in-the-rural-areas-in-nepal-impact-on-quality-of-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Chaupadi Practice: A Cruel Discrimination against Women a Case Study of Achham District of Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Thapa">Santosh Thapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sankar%20Gurung"> Sankar Gurung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chaupadi is a tradition widely practiced in the far and mid-western region of Nepal. It is a practice where girls and women are not allowed to inter the house and touch the food, water and milk during their menstruation period of 4-7 days. They have to spend all the nights during the period in a specific hut (Chhaupadi Goth) which is a bit far from their residence where they faces various kinds of risk and violence like bullying, snakes and insect bite, wild animal attack etc. Sometimes the girls even do not go to school during their menstruation periods. After childbirth, the woman must stay in a cow shed for 11 days in such Chhaupadi practiced areas. This study limits the Achham district of the far western region which is the most vulnerable Chhaupadi practicing district. Several governmental and non-governmental organizations have been involving and spending huge amount of money for capacity building and awareness raising campaign for last 2 decades but still 9 out of 75 Village Development Committees (VDCs) have been partially practicing Chaupadi in the district. This study shows that the school attendance rate of the girls during the period have visibly increased which helps to increase the number of the girl graduation as well. Similarly, the practice of Chhaupadi is one of the reasons for increasing the number of cases of uterus prolapsus and poor reproductive health of women and girls. Triggering tools are the one of the best ways to accelerate the awareness campaign in the VDCs. This study recommends that the local bodies should coordinate and lead the overall awareness campaign program to sustain the Chaupadi free VDCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness%20campaign" title="awareness campaign">awareness campaign</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaupadi%20practice" title=" chaupadi practice"> chaupadi practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20discrimination" title=" gender discrimination"> gender discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48355/chaupadi-practice-a-cruel-discrimination-against-women-a-case-study-of-achham-district-of-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Seminal Attributes, Cooling Procedure and Post Thaw Quality of Semen of Indigenous Khari Bucks (Capra hircus) of Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Kumar%20Jha">Pankaj Kumar Jha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saroj%20Sapkota"> Saroj Sapkota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dil%20Bahadur%20%20Gurung"> Dil Bahadur Gurung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raju%20Kadel"> Raju Kadel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neena%20Amatya%20Gorkhali"> Neena Amatya Gorkhali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhola%20Shankar%20Shrestha"> Bhola Shankar Shrestha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was conducted to evaluate the seminal attributes, effectiveness of cooling process and post-thawed semen quality of a Nepalese indigenous Khari buck. Thirty-two ejaculates, 16 from each buck were studied for seminal attributes of fresh semen: volume, color, mass activity, motility, viability, sperm concentration, and morphology. The pooled mean values for each seminal attributes were: volume 0.7±0.3 ml; colour 3.1±0.3 (milky white); mass activity 3.8±0.4 (rapid wave motion with formation of eddies at the end of waves to very rapid wave motion with distinct eddies formation); sperm motility 80.9±5.6%; sperm viability 94.6±2.0%; sperm concentration 2597.0±406.8x106/ml; abnormal acrosome, mid-piece and tail 10.7±1.8% and abnormal head 5±1.7%. For freezing semen, further 6 ejaculates from each buck were studied with Tris based egg yolk citrate extender. The pooled mean values of motility and viability of post diluted semen for 90 and 120 minutes each for cooling and glycerol equilibration were 73.8±4.8%, 88.1±2.6% and 69.2±6.0%, 85.0±1.7%, respectively. The pooled mean values of post thaw motility and viability with advancement of preservation time were: 0hour 49.0±4.6%, 81.2±1.9%; 2nd day 41±2.2%, 79±1%; 5th day 41±2.2%, 78.6±0.9% and 10th day 41±2.2%, 78.6±0.9%. We concluded from the above study that the seminal attributes and results of post-thaw semen quality were satisfactory and in accordance with other work in foreign countries, which indicated the feasibility of cryopreserving buck semen. For more validation, research with large number of bucks, different types of diluents and freezing trials by removing seminal plasma followed by pregnancy rate is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryopreservation" title="cryopreservation">cryopreservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepalese%20indigenous%20Khari%20%28Hill%20goat%29%20buck" title=" Nepalese indigenous Khari (Hill goat) buck"> Nepalese indigenous Khari (Hill goat) buck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-thaw%20semen%20quality" title=" post-thaw semen quality"> post-thaw semen quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seminal%20attributes" title=" seminal attributes"> seminal attributes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62710/seminal-attributes-cooling-procedure-and-post-thaw-quality-of-semen-of-indigenous-khari-bucks-capra-hircus-of-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Freshwater Fish Diversity and IUCN Status of Glacial-fed (Bheri) and Spring-fed (Babai) Rivers in the Wake of Inter-basin Water Transfer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumar%20Khatri">Kumar Khatri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibhuti%20Ranjan%20Jha"> Bibhuti Ranjan Jha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smriti%20Gurung"> Smriti Gurung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udhab%20Raj%20Khadka"> Udhab Raj Khadka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Freshwater fishes are crucial components of aquatic ecosystems but are being affected by a range of anthropogenic activities. A large number of freshwater bodies in Nepal are under different anthropogenic threats, thereby affecting freshwater biodiversity, including fish fauna. Inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) involving damming and diversion has been considered as one of the major threats to the rivers, yet many such projects are in the pipeline. Impact assessment of such projects include generation of baseline information on different biotic and abiotic variables. The aim of this study was to generate baseline information on fish diversity from the glacial-fed Bheri and the spring-fed Babai rivers and their selected tributaries from Western Nepal in the wake of the first inter-basin water transfer from the former to the latter. A total of 10 sites, 5 each from Bheri and Babai systems, were chosen strategically. Seasonal electrofishing was conducted in 2018 following the standard method. A total of 32 species with Catch per Unite Effort (CPUE) of 46.94±24.06 from Bheri and 42 species with CPUE of 63.02±51.80 from Babai were recorded. Cyprinidae, followed by Nemacheilidae, were the most dominant fish Family in both river systems. Barilius vagra and Schistura beavani were the most dominant species in the Bheri and the Babai systems, respectively. Species richness and abundance showed a significant difference between the rivers. The difference in fish assemblages reflects differences in the ecological regimes of these rivers. Of the total species, at least 8 are in the threatened categories of the IUCN Red List, which need active conservation measures. The findings provide a reference to assess the impacts of water transfers on fish in these river systems and could be helpful to other similar river systems in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=babai%20river" title="babai river">babai river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bheri%20river" title=" bheri river"> bheri river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20diversity" title=" fish diversity"> fish diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damming" title=" damming"> damming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166162/freshwater-fish-diversity-and-iucn-status-of-glacial-fed-bheri-and-spring-fed-babai-rivers-in-the-wake-of-inter-basin-water-transfer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Pre-Experimental Research to Investigate the Retention of Basic and Advanced Life Support Measures Knowledge and Skills by Qualified Nurses Following a Course in Professional Development in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Sharan%20Mehta">Ram Sharan Mehta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gayanandra%20Malla"> Gayanandra Malla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Gurung"> Anita Gurung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anu%20Aryal"> Anu Aryal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divya%20Labh"> Divya Labh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hricha%20Neupane"> Hricha Neupane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Lack of resuscitation skills of nurses and doctors in basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS) has been identified as a contributing factor to poor outcomes of cardiac arrest victims. The objective of this study was to examine retention of life support measures (BLS/ALS) knowledge and skills of nurses following education intervention programme. Materials and Methods: Pre-experimental research design was used to conduct the study among the nurses working in medical units of B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, where CPR is very commonly performed. Using convenient sampling technique total of 20 nurses agreed to participate and give consent were included in the study. The theoretical, demonstration and re-demonstration were arranged involving the trained doctors and nurses during the three hours educational session. Post-test was carried out after two week of education intervention programme. The 2010 BLS & ALS guidelines were used as guide for the study contents. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-15 software. Results: It was found that there is significant increase in knowledge after education intervention in the components of life support measures (BLS/ALS) i.e. ratio of chest compression to ventilation in BLS (P=0.001), correct sequence of CPR (p <0.001), rate of chest compression in ALS (P=0.001), the depth of chest compression in adult CPR (p<0.001), and position of chest compression in CPR (P=0.016). Nurses were well appreciated the programme and request to continue in future for all the nurses. Conclusions: At recent BLS/ALS courses (2010), a significant number of nurses remain without any such training. Action is needed to ensure all nurses receive BLS training and practice this skill regularly in order to retain their knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-experimental" title="pre-experimental">pre-experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20and%20advance%20life%20support" title=" basic and advance life support"> basic and advance life support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nurses" title=" nurses"> nurses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling%20technique" title=" sampling technique "> sampling technique </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16606/pre-experimental-research-to-investigate-the-retention-of-basic-and-advanced-life-support-measures-knowledge-and-skills-by-qualified-nurses-following-a-course-in-professional-development-in-a-tertiary-teaching-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Accident analysis in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pranab%20Kumar%20Goswami">Pranab Kumar Goswami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Gurung"> Elena Gurung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Small and medium enterprises (SME) are considered as the driving force for the economic growth of a developing country like India. Most of the SMEs are located in residential/non-industrial areas to avoid legal obligations of occupational safety and health (OSH) provisions. This study was conducted in Delhiwith a view to analyze the accidents that occurredduringthe year 2019 & 2020. The objective of the study was to find out the accident prone SMEs in Delhi and major causes of such accidents. Methods: Survey and comprehensive data analysis methods, followed by applying simple statistical techniques, were used for this study. The accident reports for the study period collected from the labour department and police stations were analyzed for the study. The injured workers were interviewed to ascertain safety compliances, training and awareness programs, etc. The study was completed in March2021. Results: It was found that most of the accidents took place in SMEs located in residential/non- industrial areas in Delhi. The accident-prone machines were found to be power presses (42%) and injection moulding machines (37%). Predominantly unsafe machinery or unsafe working conditions and lack of training of worker were observed to be the major causes of accidents in such industries. Conclusions: It was concluded from the study that unsafe machinery/equipment and lack of proper training to the workers were two main reasons for increase in accidents.It was also concluded that the industries located in industrial areas were better placed in terms of workplace compliances. The managements who were running their operations from residential/non-industrial areaswere found to be less aware on health and safety issues. Lack of enforcement by government agencies in such areas has escalated this problem. Adequate training to workers, managing safe & healthy workplace, and sustained enforcement can reduce accidents in such industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SME" title="SME">SME</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accident%20prevention" title=" accident prevention"> accident prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cause%20of%20accident" title=" cause of accident"> cause of accident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unorganised" title=" unorganised"> unorganised</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149256/accident-analysis-in-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety of Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Spinal Metastases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascale%20%20Brasseur">Pascale Brasseur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binu%20%20Gurung"> Binu Gurung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20%20Halfpenny"> Nicholas Halfpenny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20%20Eaton"> James Eaton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of minimally invasive treatments in recent years provides a potential alternative to invasive surgical interventions which are of limited value to patients with spinal metastases due to short life expectancy. A systematic review was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a minimally invasive treatment in patients with spinal metastases. EMBASE, Medline and CENTRAL were searched from database inception to March 2017 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies. Conference proceedings for ASCO and ESMO published in 2015 and 2016 were also searched. Fourteen studies were included: three prospective interventional studies, four prospective case series and seven retrospective case series. No RCTs or studies comparing RFA with another treatment were identified. RFA was followed by cement augmentation in all patients in seven studies and some patients (40-96%) in the remaining seven studies. Efficacy was assessed as pain relief in 13/14 studies with the use of a numerical rating scale (NRS) or a visual analogue scale (VAS) at various time points. Ten of the 13 studies reported a significant decrease in pain outcome, post-RFA compared to baseline. NRS scores improved significantly at 1 week (5.9 to 3.5, p < 0.0001; 8 to 4.3, p < 0.02 and 8 to 3.9, p < 0.0001) and this improvement was maintained at 1 month post-RFA compared to baseline (5.9 to 2.6, p < 0.0001; 8 to 2.9, p < 0.0003; 8 to 2.9, p < 0.0001). Similarly, VAS scores decreased significantly at 1 week (7.5 to 2.7, p=0.00005; 7.51 to 1.73, p < 0.0001; 7.82 to 2.82, p < 0.001) and this pattern was maintained at 1 month post-RFA compared to baseline (7.51 to 2.25, p < 0.0001; 7.82 to 3.3; p < 0.001). A significant pain relief was achieved regardless of whether patients had cement augmentation in two studies assessing the impact of RFA with or without cement augmentation on VAS pain scores. In these two studies, a significant decrease in pain scores was reported for patients receiving RFA alone and RFA+cement at 1 week (4.3 to 1.7. p=0.0004 and 6.6 to 1.7, p=0.003 respectively) and 15-36 months (7.9 to 4, p=0.008 and 7.6 to 3.5, p=0.005 respectively) after therapy. Few minor complications were reported and these included neural damage, radicular pain, vertebroplasty leakage and lower limb pain/numbness. In conclusion, the efficacy and safety of RFA were consistently positive between prospective and retrospective studies with reductions in pain and few procedural complications. However, the lack of control groups in the identified studies indicates the possibility of selection bias inherent in single arm studies. Controlled trials exploring efficacy and safety of RFA in patients with spinal metastases are warranted to provide robust evidence. The identified studies provide an initial foundation for such future trials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20relief" title="pain relief">pain relief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiofrequency%20ablation" title=" radiofrequency ablation"> radiofrequency ablation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinal%20metastases" title=" spinal metastases"> spinal metastases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77541/a-systematic-review-of-efficacy-and-safety-of-radiofrequency-ablation-in-patients-with-spinal-metastases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> A Rare Case of Dissection of Cervical Portion of Internal Carotid Artery, Diagnosed Postpartum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bidisha%20Chatterjee">Bidisha Chatterjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonal%20Grover"> Sonal Grover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rekha%20Gurung"> Rekha Gurung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Postpartum dissection of the internal carotid artery is a relatively rare condition and is considered as an underlying aetiology in 5% to 25% of strokes under the age of 30 to 45 years. However, 86% of these cases recover completely and 14% have mild focal neurological symptoms. Prognosis is generally good with early intervention. The risk quoted for a repeat carotid artery dissection in subsequent pregnancies is less than 2%. 36-year Caucasian primipara presented on postnatal day one of forceps delivery with tachycardia. In the intrapartum period she had a history of prolonged rupture of membranes and developed intrapartum sepsis and was treated with antibiotics. Postpartum ECG showed septal inferior T wave inversion and a troponin level of 19. Subsequently Echocardiogram ruled out post-partum cardiomyopathy. Repeat ECG showed improvement of the previous changes and in the absence of symptoms no intervention was warranted. On day 4 post-delivery, she had developed symptoms of droopy right eyelid, pain around the right eye and itching in the right ear. On examination, she had developed right sided ptosis, unequal pupils (Rt miotic pupil). Cranial nerve examination, reflexes, sensory examination and muscle power was normal. Apart from migraine, there was no medical or family history of note. In view of Horner’s on the right, she had a CT Angiogram and subsequently MR/MRA and was diagnosed with dissection of the cervical portion of the right internal carotid artery. She was discharged on a course of Aspirin 75mg. By 6 week post-natal follow up patient had recovered significantly with occasional episodes of unequal pupils and tingling of right toes which resolved spontaneously. Cervical artery dissection, including VAD and carotid artery dissection, are rare complications of pregnancy with an estimated annual incidence of 2.6–3 per 100,000 pregnancy hospitalizations. Aetiology remains unclear though trauma during straining at labour, underlying arterial disease and preeclampsia have been implicated. Hypercoagulable state during pregnancy and puerperium could also be an important factor. 60-90% cases present with severe headache and neck pain and generally precede neurological symptoms like ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome, retroorbital pain, tinnitus and cranial nerve palsy. Although rare, the consequences of delayed diagnosis and management can lead to severe and permanent neurological deficits. Patients with a strong index of suspicion should undergo an MRI or MRA of head and neck. Antithrombotic and antiplatelet therapy forms the mainstay of therapy with selected cases needing endovascular stenting. Long term prognosis is favourable with either complete resolution or minimal deficit if treatment is prompt. Patients should be counselled about the recurrence risk and possibility of stroke in future pregnancy. Coronary artery dissection is rare and treatable but needs early diagnosis and treatment. Post-partum headache and neck pain with neurological symptoms should prompt urgent imaging followed by antithrombotic and /or antiplatelet therapy. Most cases resolve completely or with minimal sequelae. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postpartum" title="postpartum">postpartum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissection%20of%20internal%20carotid%20artery" title=" dissection of internal carotid artery"> dissection of internal carotid artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20resonance%20angiogram" title=" magnetic resonance angiogram"> magnetic resonance angiogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20resonance%20imaging" title=" magnetic resonance imaging"> magnetic resonance imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiplatelet" title=" antiplatelet"> antiplatelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antithrombotic" title=" antithrombotic"> antithrombotic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151512/a-rare-case-of-dissection-of-cervical-portion-of-internal-carotid-artery-diagnosed-postpartum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>