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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Meaning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meaning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Meaning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_psychological_capacity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_psychological_capacity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>As a psychological capacity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_psychological_capacity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultural significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88" title="سيسو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيسو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu_(udtryk)" title="Sisu (udtryk) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sisu (udtryk)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sisu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sisu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sisu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu_(koncepto)" title="Sisu (koncepto) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sisu (koncepto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sisu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sisu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%88%98_(%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94)" title="시수 (문화) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시수 (문화)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sisu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sisu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu_(begrip)" title="Sisu (begrip) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sisu (begrip)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sisu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83" title="Сису – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сису" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sisu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisu_(begrepp)" title="Sisu (begrepp) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sisu (begrepp)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%81%D1%83_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F)" title="Сісу (поняття) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сісу (поняття)" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Finnish word. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sisu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sisu (disambiguation)">Sisu (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p> <b><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> word variously translated as <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">stoic</a> determination, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tenacity" class="extiw" title="wikt:tenacity">tenacity</a> of purpose, <a href="/wiki/Grit_(personality_trait)" title="Grit (personality trait)">grit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">bravery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychological_resilience" title="Psychological resilience">resilience</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_(psychology)" title="Hardiness (psychology)">hardiness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is held by <a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a> to express their <a href="/wiki/National_character" title="National character">national character</a>. It is generally considered<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (February 2024)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> not to have a single-word <a href="/wiki/Metaphrase" title="Metaphrase">literal equivalent</a> in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (tenacity, grit, resilience, and hardiness are much the same things, but do not necessarily imply stoicism or bravery). </p><p>In recent years, sociologists and psychologists have conducted research on <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>, attempting to quantify it and identify its effects, beneficial and harmful, in both individuals and populations.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meaning">Meaning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Meaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> is extraordinary determination in the face of extreme adversity, and courage that is presented typically in situations where success is unlikely. It expresses itself in taking action against the odds, and displaying courage and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resoluteness" class="extiw" title="wikt:resoluteness">resoluteness</a> in the face of adversity; in other words, deciding on a course of action, and then adhering to it even if repeated failures ensue. It is in some ways similar to <a href="/wiki/Equanimity" title="Equanimity">equanimity</a>, though <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> entails an element of <a href="/wiki/Stress_management" title="Stress management">stress management</a>. </p><p>The English "gutsy" invokes a similar metaphor (one also found in other languages): the Finnish usage derives from <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisus</i></span>, translated as "interior", and as "entrails" or "guts". See also the colloquial phrase "<a href="/wiki/Intestinal_fortitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal fortitude">intestinal fortitude</a>". Another closely related English concept evokes the metaphor <a href="/wiki/Grit_(personality_trait)" title="Grit (personality trait)">grit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_psychological_capacity">As a psychological capacity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As a psychological capacity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> is a term which dates back hundreds of years. It is described as being integral to understanding <a href="/wiki/Finnish_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish culture">Finnish culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a term for going beyond one's mental or physical capacity, and is a central part of the country's culture and collective discourse. However, hardly any empirical research has been done to explore the meaning of this construct as a possible psychological strength resource, and it has long seemed<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material in the vicinity of this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (August 2023)">to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to have a somewhat elusive nature. It has been usually studied as a cultural component among Finns and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish American">Finnish Americans</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Aho-2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aho-2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but as a psychological construct long remained under-researched and poorly defined. </p><p>As early as the 1940s, attempts were made to grasp the essence of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>. The Finnish newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Uusi_Suomi" title="Uusi Suomi">Uusi Suomi</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2015)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> reached out to its audience for their definition of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>, and conducted a contest. <i>Uusi-Suomi</i> wrote: "All of us somewhat know what <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> is... [it] has for long been a topic for discussion here in Finland and abroad. But how do we describe and define what <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> really is?" The quest to define the essence of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> has evidently been around for almost a century. More recently, William R. Aho, professor emeritus of sociology at <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_College" title="Rhodes College">Rhodes College</a>, said "we need a good deal of organized, systematic scientific research to discover the scope and depth of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>, geographically and situationally, and the depth and strength of both the beliefs and behaviors surrounding and emanating from <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>."<sup id="cite_ref-Aho-2005_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aho-2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Research that began in 2013 sought to offer more precise language for discussing the term. While examining <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> within the psychological framework, it sought to render it less elusive as a construct by giving it an easily citable definition rooted within the field of <a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">positive psychology</a>. <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> as a <i>psychological power potential</i> was introduced for the first time at the 3rd World Congress on Positive Psychology in Los Angeles on 29 June 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the study, <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> is described as a psychological key competence which enables extraordinary action to overcome a mentally or physically challenging situation. <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> also contributes to what has been named <i>the action mindset</i>; a consistent, courageous approach toward challenges which at first seem to exceed our capacities.<sup id="cite_ref-Lahti_2013_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lahti_2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span>, as measured by the Sisu Scale questionnaire, has been established in contemporary psychological research as a strong correlate with well-being and stress. The Sisu Scale is composed of harmful and beneficial <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A related online survey conducted between March and May 2013 tracked the cultural representations of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> among contemporary Finns and Finnish Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It revealed that <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> is still deeply valued, and that there is public interest for cultivating this strength capacity as well. The study received over 1,000 responses; its data was the basis for thematic analysis. Among the main findings was the perception of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> as a reserve of power which enables extraordinary action to overcome mentally or physically challenging situations, rather than being the ability to pursue long-term goals and be persistent. </p><p><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> is a psychological potential that enables the individual to tap into strength beyond their pre-conceived resources. Wielding <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> in the face of adversity helps individuals push through what first seemed like the boundaries of their mental or physical capacities. <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> provides the final empowering push when we would otherwise hesitate to act. <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> can be conceptualized as taking action against the odds. Even though 53% of the respondents believed some people innately have more <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>, a majority of 83% of the respondents believed that <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> is a flexible quality that can be cultivated through conscious practice, rather than being a fixed quality, and the majority of respondents were interested in developing this capacity. Research on <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> is currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events"><span title="This statement refers to current events and needs references to newer reliable sources. (August 2023)">may be outdated as of August 2023</span></a></i>]</sup> continuing at <a href="/wiki/Aalto_University_School_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Aalto University School of Science">Aalto University School of Science</a> in Espoo, Finland.<sup id="cite_ref-lahti_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lahti-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> is not always an entirely positive quality. In Finnish, <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">pahansisuinen</i></span>, literally translated, means <i>one possessing bad <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span></i>, a description of a hostile and malignant person. The answers from the <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> survey indicate that there can be too much <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>, and according to the survey answers this leads to bull-headedness, foolhardiness, self-centeredness, and inflexible thinking. The study suggests that <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> should be informed by reason and cultivated and practiced with self-compassion.<sup id="cite_ref-Lahti_2013_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lahti_2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like any trait or psychological capacity, <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> is the complex product of genetic, psychological, biological, and social factors, and its comprehensive understanding will require studies from multiple scientific perspectives. Finland may have the initial monopoly on <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> as a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_construct" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural construct">cultural construct</a>, but it is a universal capacity and the potential for it exists within all individuals. </p><p>The transformative power of narrative is widely acknowledged.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> People develop their values and contribute to cultural values by communicating with other people in their culture.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fostering <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> may very well be embedded in such behavior, rather than being a genetic trait one is born with. <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> is a new term in the field of positive psychology, and it may contribute to our understanding of the determinants of resilience, as well as of achievement and the good life. It is suggested<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (August 2023)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> that positive psychology research could benefit from focusing on <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> and by examining relevant constructs from other cultures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cultural significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> has been described as "the word that explains Finland", and the Finns' "favorite word"—"the most wonderful of all their words."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As defined by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Schatz" title="Roman Schatz">Roman Schatz</a> in his book <i><a href="/wiki/From_Finland_with_Love" class="mw-redirect" title="From Finland with Love">From Finland with Love</a></i> (2005), <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> is an ability to finish a task successfully. During the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a> of 1939–1940, the Finnish perseverance in the face of the invasion by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> popularized this word in English for a generation.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Again_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Again-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In what may have been the first use of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> in the English language, on 8 January 1940, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine reported: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Finns have something they call <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>. It is a compound of bravado and bravery, of ferocity and tenacity, of the ability to keep fighting after most people would have quit, and to fight with the will to win. The Finns translate <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> as "the Finnish spirit" but it is a much more gutful word than that. Last week the Finns gave the world a good example of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> by carrying the war into Russian territory on one front while on another they withstood merciless attacks by a reinforced <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Russian Army</a>. In the wilderness that forms most of the Russo-Finnish frontier between <a href="/wiki/Lake_Laatokka" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Laatokka">Lake Laatokka</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a>, the Finns definitely gained the upper hand.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine, January 8, 1940<sup id="cite_ref-Time_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>In 2009, <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> was described as so essential to the Finnish national character that "to be a real Finn" you must have it: "willpower, tenacity, persistency."<sup id="cite_ref-Issuu_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Issuu-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Singled out for kudos for this attribute was "Finland's wiry old peasant <a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of Finland">President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C3%B6sti_Kallio" title="Kyösti Kallio">Kyösti Kallio</a>—full of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>..."<sup id="cite_ref-Again_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Again-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word was also used to describe the Finnish stubbornness in sticking to its loose alliance with <a href="/wiki/The_Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="The Third Reich">The Third Reich</a> from 1941 to 1944 (in the war against the Soviet Union, which had attacked Finland on 30 November 1939): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Finnish <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>—meaning a peculiarly Finnish brand of doggedness, capable of facing down death itself—was at work against the Allies.... The Finns are not happy. But <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> enables them to say: "We have nothing worse than death to fear."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine, May 10, 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-Fear_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fear-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952 Summer Olympics</a>, <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> was further described in the context of the continuing <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> looming over the Finnish capital city of <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>HELSINKI, host to the Olympic Games, a city of 400,000, was abustle. ... The Finns are not stupidly hiding their eyes from their future, but they are determined not to fall into another fight with a powerful and predatory <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">next-door neighbor</a> 66 times their size (in area, Finland is the sixth largest country in Europe; in population it is the third smallest). Under popular, 81-year-old President <a href="/wiki/Juho_Kusti_Paasikivi" title="Juho Kusti Paasikivi">Juho Kusti Paasikivi</a> and able, unpopular Agrarian Premier <a href="/wiki/Urho_Kekkonen" title="Urho Kekkonen">Urho Kekkonen</a>, the Finns have learned to walk the nerve-racking path of independence like tight-rope walkers.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine, July 21, 1952<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Well into the 1960s, <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> was used to describe the Finnish resistance to the invasion of 20 to 30 years prior and its continuing discontents.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960, Austin Goodrich's book, <i>Study in <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span>: Finland's Fight for Independence</i>, was published by <a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-goodrich_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodrich-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1960, a notable reviewer of Griffin Taylor's novel, <i>Mortlake</i>, wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Have you heard of Finnish <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>?" asks a character in "Mortlake"—and it turns out that <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> is a sort of stamina or staying-power which the Finns have had to develop as a result of living next door to the Russians.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Dennis" title="Nigel Dennis">Nigel Dennis</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Book_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Book Review">New York Times Book Review</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Jorma_Ollila" title="Jorma Ollila">Jorma Ollila</a>, <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>, described his company's "guts" by using the word <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In times like these, the executives who run Nokia talk up a uniquely Finnish quality called <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>. "The translation would be 'guts,<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" says Jorma Ollila, CEO of Nokia, in an interview. (Photograph Caption: Jorma Ollila says Nokia is determined to 'overcome all obstacles.') "But it's also endurance. There is a long-term element to it. You overcome all obstacles. You need quite a lot of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> to survive in this climate." The climate he's referring to is the bleak and bitter <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a> winters, but he might as well be talking about the competitive, erratic wireless-phone market and Nokia's travails. This <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> trait—anathema to <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>'s short-term outlook—says a lot about Nokia's response to its recent turmoil.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Kevin Maney<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>A Finnish <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> rock singer injured himself, without noticing, at a concert, to which a reviewer wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Alan epäillä, että suomalainen sisu ja adrenaliini ovat yksi ja sama asia.</i></span>—I am beginning to suspect that the Finnish <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> and adrenaline are the same thing.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>ImperiumI.net Finnish Heavy Metal website<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The concept is widely known in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula of Michigan</a>, which is home to a large concentration of Finnish Americans. This has extended to include a popular bumper sticker saying "got <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>?" or simply "<span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">SISU</i></span>". In 2010, a 63-year-old <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Yooper</a> named Joe Paquette Jr. of <a href="/wiki/Munising,_Michigan" title="Munising, Michigan">Munising, Michigan</a>, walked 425 miles to the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a> training facility to bring the spirit of <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> to the team.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The non-profit documentary <i><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">SISU</i></span>: Family, Love and Perseverance from Finland to America</i> was made by Finnish-American filmmaker Marko Albrecht. The documentary looks at <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> by means of a profile of his late mother, his Finnish-American family, and his uncle Heikki's fight against pancreatic cancer. The film was called a time-capsule of modern <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish-American</a> life.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2008 episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gear_(2002_TV_series)" title="Top Gear (2002 TV series)">Top Gear</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/F1" class="mw-redirect" title="F1">F1</a> racer <a href="/wiki/Mika_H%C3%A4kkinen" title="Mika Häkkinen">Mika Häkkinen</a> described <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> to <a href="/wiki/James_May" title="James May">James May</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> in English means <i>courage</i>, it is the Finnish <i>courage</i>. Let me give you an example. Climbing a tree and jumping down from there, that doesn't mean <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>. That is not <i>courage</i>. <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> we can relate very much that in motor racing, for example, you're driving a rally car in a forest extremely, really fast, you need courage to be able to brake late, to go on the throttle really early, to go really close to the apex of the corners.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The platinum trophy of the Finnish-made video game <a href="/wiki/Alan_Wake_2" title="Alan Wake 2">Alan Wake 2</a>, given to players who earn every other trophy in the game, is called Sisu. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_proper_name">As a proper name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: As a proper name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to its cultural significance, <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> is a common element of <a href="/wiki/Brand_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Brand name">brand names</a> in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. For example, there are <a href="/wiki/Sisu_Auto" title="Sisu Auto">Sisu trucks</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Sisu_Pasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisu Pasi">Sisu armored vehicles</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Motor_ship" title="Motor ship">MS</a> <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Sisu_(candy)" title="Sisu (candy)">brand</a> of strong-tasting <a href="/wiki/Pastille" title="Pastille">pastilles</a> manufactured by Leaf<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Suomen_Sisu" title="Suomen Sisu">Suomen Sisu</a>, a Finnish nationalist organisation with connections to other far-right groups. </p><p>Sisu is also a male name with increasing popularity. More than 2,000 Finnish men have this name,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most of them being born after 2010. The son of <a href="/wiki/The_Dudesons" title="The Dudesons">The Dudesons</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jukka_Hilden" class="mw-redirect" title="Jukka Hilden">Jukka Hilden</a> is called Sisu. </p><p>Globally, there were several fitness-related organizations and endurance sports teams such as the Sisu Project based in <a href="/wiki/Haverhill,_Massachusetts" title="Haverhill, Massachusetts">Haverhill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, U.S.A.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that carried the name <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> and based their philosophy on the characteristics included in the concept <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span>, including courage, integrity, honesty, and determination. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sisu" title="Mount Sisu">Mount Sisu</a> is the name of a mountain first ascended by mountain climbers <a href="/wiki/Veikka_Gustafsson" title="Veikka Gustafsson">Veikka Gustafsson</a> and Patrick Degerman in the Antarctic. </p><p><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span> is also the name of a London-based hedge-fund, operated by several directors including Joy Seppala. The firm bought the football club <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry City FC">Coventry City FC</a> in 2007. </p><p>In Norway there is a seafood company named Sisu Seafood Norway AS that exports Norwegian seafoods. </p><p>On the Western end of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, the SISU Ski Fest is a popular annual event, highlighting a 21- and 42-kilometer cross-country ski race "finishing" in historic downtown <a href="/wiki/Ironwood,_Michigan" title="Ironwood, Michigan">Ironwood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_to_the_Finnish_sisu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Monument_to_the_Finnish_sisu.jpg/220px-Monument_to_the_Finnish_sisu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Monument_to_the_Finnish_sisu.jpg/330px-Monument_to_the_Finnish_sisu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Monument_to_the_Finnish_sisu.jpg/440px-Monument_to_the_Finnish_sisu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>"Monument to the Finnish sisu" on a fell in <a href="/wiki/Lapland_(Finland)" title="Lapland (Finland)">Lapland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In season two of McLaren's animated program <i><a href="/wiki/Tooned" title="Tooned">Tooned</a></i>, Sisu is a planet and the true origin of two-time Formula One Drivers' Champion <a href="/wiki/Mika_H%C3%A4kkinen" title="Mika Häkkinen">Mika Häkkinen</a> (and possibly 2007 Drivers' Champion <a href="/wiki/Kimi_R%C3%A4ikk%C3%B6nen" title="Kimi Räikkönen">Kimi Räikkönen</a> as well, based on a Sisu scene near the end of the episode in question). Häkkinen and Räikkönen are both Finnish and have driven for McLaren; Häkkinen won both of his titles with the team while Räikkönen won his after leaving McLaren for Ferrari. </p><p>A starship with a crew of partly Finnish descent in <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>'s 1957 science fiction novel <i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_of_the_Galaxy" title="Citizen of the Galaxy">Citizen of the Galaxy</a></i> is named <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Sisu</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> movie titled <i><a href="/wiki/Sisu_(film)" title="Sisu (film)">Sisu</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Jalmari_Helander" title="Jalmari Helander">Jalmari Helander</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Jorma_Tommila" title="Jorma Tommila">Jorma Tommila</a>, was released in April 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chutzpah" title="Chutzpah">Chutzpah</a>, an Ashkenazi Jewish word for audacity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cojones" class="mw-redirect" title="Cojones">Cojones</a>, Spanish term used for "having what it takes" (also used and spelled as "Colhões" in Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive_theory" title="Drive theory">Drive theory</a>; analyses, classifies and defines psychological drives</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganbaru" title="Ganbaru">Ganbaru</a>, a Japanese word with a similar meaning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intention_(criminal_law)" title="Intention (criminal law)">Intention (criminal law)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pefletti" title="Pefletti">Pefletti</a>, a small bench towel used in a Finnish <a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">sauna</a>, to better bear the heat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_resilience" title="Psychological resilience">Psychological resilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seny" title="Seny">Seny</a>, the Catalan concept of good sense</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut#Other_terms" title="Astronaut">Sisunautti</a>, Finnish word combining 'sisu' with 'astronaut'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiff_upper_lip" title="Stiff upper lip">Stiff upper lip</a>, British expression for fortitude and stoicism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumud" title="Sumud">Sumud</a>, a Palestinian Arabic word with a similar meaning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a>, Buddhist attitude of gladly engaging in wholesome activities</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; 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University of Pennsylvania.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Above+and+Beyond+Perseverance%3A+An+Exploration+of+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Finnish-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22fi%22%3ESisu%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Finnish-language+text&rft.inst=University+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Lahti&rft.aufirst=Emilia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.upenn.edu/mapp_capstoneabstracts/8/">Abstract</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenttonenMäättänenMakkonenHonka2022" class="citation journal cs1">Henttonen, Pentti; Määttänen, Ilmari; Makkonen, Emilia; Honka, Anita; Seppälä, Vilja; Närväinen, Johanna; García-Velázquez, Regina; Airaksinen, Jaakko; Jokela, Markus; Lahti, Emilia Elisabet (1 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9667267">"A measure for assessment of beneficial and harmful fortitude: development and initial validation of the Sisu Scale"</a>. <i>Heliyon</i>. <b>8</b> (11): e11483. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022Heliy...811483H">2022Heliy...811483H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.heliyon.2022.e11483">10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11483</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2405-8440">2405-8440</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9667267">9667267</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36406727">36406727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heliyon&rft.atitle=A+measure+for+assessment+of+beneficial+and+harmful+fortitude%3A+development+and+initial+validation+of+the+Sisu+Scale&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=e11483&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9667267%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022Heliy...811483H&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36406727&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.heliyon.2022.e11483&rft.issn=2405-8440&rft.aulast=Henttonen&rft.aufirst=Pentti&rft.au=M%C3%A4%C3%A4tt%C3%A4nen%2C+Ilmari&rft.au=Makkonen%2C+Emilia&rft.au=Honka%2C+Anita&rft.au=Sepp%C3%A4l%C3%A4%2C+Vilja&rft.au=N%C3%A4rv%C3%A4inen%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Vel%C3%A1zquez%2C+Regina&rft.au=Airaksinen%2C+Jaakko&rft.au=Jokela%2C+Markus&rft.au=Lahti%2C+Emilia+Elisabet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9667267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLahti2013" class="citation web cs1">Lahti, Emilia (28 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111083604/http://emiliaelisabethblog.wordpress.com/2013/03/28/sisu_study/">"What Does Sisu Mean to you? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sisu+Social%3A+Transforming+Barriers+into+Frontiers&rft.atitle=What+Does+Sisu+Mean+to+you%3F+The+Study+Is+On%21&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft.aulast=Lahti&rft.aufirst=Emilia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femiliaelisabethblog.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F03%2F28%2Fsisu_study%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeikkinen2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heikkinen, Susan (16 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://suomenkuvalehti.fi/kotimaa/sisua-tutkitaan-juuri-nyt-yhdysvalloissa/">"Sisua tutkitaan nyt—Yhdysvalloissa"</a> [Sisu Is Being Researched in the United States]. <i>Suomen Kuvalehti</i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suomen+Kuvalehti&rft.atitle=Sisua+tutkitaan+nyt%E2%80%94Yhdysvalloissa&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.aulast=Heikkinen&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuomenkuvalehti.fi%2Fkotimaa%2Fsisua-tutkitaan-juuri-nyt-yhdysvalloissa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lahti-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lahti_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aalto.fi/en/news/journal-awards-emilia-lahtis-sisu-study-as-article-of-the-year">"Journal awards Emilia Lahti's sisu study as the article of the year"</a>. <i>Aalto University</i>. 18 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aalto+University&rft.atitle=Journal+awards+Emilia+Lahti%27s+sisu+study+as+the+article+of+the+year&rft.date=2021-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aalto.fi%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fjournal-awards-emilia-lahtis-sisu-study-as-article-of-the-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteEpston1990" class="citation book cs1">White, Michael; Epston, David (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/narrativemeansto00whitrich"><i>Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends</i></a></span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Northern+Theatre%3A+Sisu&rft.date=1940-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C763161%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Again-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Again_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Again_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101014070020/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,849176,00.html">"Northern Theatre: Again, Sisu"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 29 January 1940. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Northern+Theatre%3A+Again%2C+Sisu&rft.date=1940-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C849176%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Issuu-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Issuu_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuskeemiemi2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ruskeemiemi, Tuula (March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/sixdegreesfinland/docs/6d2">"Sisu"</a>. <i>Six Degrees</i> (2): 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Life%2C+Redacted+Files%3A+The+Golden+Age+of+Television+...and+Espionage&rft.atitle=Reporter+One%3A+Austin+Goodrich&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Farrington&rft.aufirst=Clayton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liferedacted.com%2FReporterOne.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis1960" class="citation news cs1">Dennis, Nigel (31 July 1960). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20F17F63B5A1A7A93C3AA178CD85F448685F9">"Review: 'How to Develop Sisu on an Enemy Border; Mortlake' By Griffin Taylor"</a></span>. <i>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Book_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Book Review">New York Times Book Review</a></i>. p. BR22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Book+Review&rft.atitle=Review%3A+%27How+to+Develop+Sisu+on+an+Enemy+Border%3B+Mortlake%27+By+Griffin+Taylor&rft.pages=BR22&rft.date=1960-07-31&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF20F17F63B5A1A7A93C3AA178CD85F448685F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManey2004" class="citation news cs1">Maney, Kevin (21 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051125181020/https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2004-07-20-nokia-cover_x.htm">"CEO Ollila Says Nokia's 'Sisu' Will See It Past Tough Times"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2004-07-20-nokia-cover_x.htm">the original</a> on 25 November 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=CEO+Ollila+Says+Nokia%27s+%27Sisu%27+Will+See+It+Past+Tough+Times&rft.date=2004-07-21&rft.aulast=Maney&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Ftech%2Fnews%2F2004-07-20-nokia-cover_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612095311/http://www.imperiumi.net/index.php?act=interviews&id=393">"Festariraportti: Tuska 2004"</a> [Festival Report: Tuska 2004]. <i>ImperiumI.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imperiumi.net/index.php?act=interviews&id=393">the original</a> on 12 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ImperiumI.net&rft.atitle=Festariraportti%3A+Tuska+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imperiumi.net%2Findex.php%3Fact%3Dinterviews%26id%3D393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2010" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Bill (26 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094535/http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/547898.html">"One Very Long Walk: Detroit Lions Fan Finishes Trek to Downstate Training Camp"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mining_Journal" title="The Mining Journal">The Mining Journal</a></i>. Marquette, Mich. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/547898.html">the original</a> on 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mining+Journal&rft.atitle=One+Very+Long+Walk%3A+Detroit+Lions+Fan+Finishes+Trek+to+Downstate+Training+Camp&rft.date=2010-08-26&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miningjournal.net%2Fpage%2Fcontent.detail%2Fid%2F547898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRantanen2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rantanen, Tiia (6 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.city.fi/kulttuuri/suomalaisamerikkalainen+dokumentti+paljastaa+sisun+syvimman+olemuksen/8876">"Suomalaisamerikkalainen dokumentti paljastaa sisun syvimmän olemuksen"</a> (in Finnish). CITY.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Suomalaisamerikkalainen+dokumentti+paljastaa+sisun+syvimm%C3%A4n+olemuksen&rft.date=2015-06-06&rft.aulast=Rantanen&rft.aufirst=Tiia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.fi%2Fkulttuuri%2Fsuomalaisamerikkalainen%2Bdokumentti%2Bpaljastaa%2Bsisun%2Bsyvimman%2Bolemuksen%2F8876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoblee2016" class="citation news cs1">Roblee, Dan (16 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161007010018/http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/550436/-Sisu--film-explores-family--fortitude.html?nav=5006">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sisu' film explores family, fortitude"</a>. The Daily Mining Gazette. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/550436/-Sisu--film-explores-family--fortitude.html?nav=5006">the original</a> on 7 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Sisu%27+film+explores+family%2C+fortitude&rft.date=2016-01-16&rft.aulast=Roblee&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mininggazette.com%2Fpage%2Fcontent.detail%2Fid%2F550436%2F-Sisu--film-explores-family--fortitude.html%3Fnav%3D5006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">"Series Twelve, Episode Three". <i>Top Gear</i>. Series 12. Episode 3. 16 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Gear&rft.series=Series+12.+Episode+3&rft.date=2008-11-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cloetta.fi/">"Sisu Häijy – tulinen salmiakkipussi!"</a>. <i>Cloetta</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cloetta&rft.atitle=Sisu+H%C3%A4ijy+%E2%80%93+tulinen+salmiakkipussi%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cloetta.fi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://verkkopalvelu.vrk.fi/Nimipalvelu/default.asp?L=1">"Nimipalvelu"</a>. Väestörekisterikeskus<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nimipalvelu&rft.pub=V%C3%A4est%C3%B6rekisterikeskus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fverkkopalvelu.vrk.fi%2FNimipalvelu%2Fdefault.asp%3FL%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111084655/http://www.sisuproject.com/">"Our Unique Philosophy"</a>. The Sisu Project. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Unique+Philosophy&rft.pub=The+Sisu+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sisuproject.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sisuskifest.com/">"SISU Ski Fest: Ironwood, Michigan"</a>. SISU Ski Fest<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SISU+Ski+Fest%3A+Ironwood%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=SISU+Ski+Fest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sisuskifest.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilner1997" class="citation web cs1">Milner, Alan (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111108000157/http://www.heinleinsociety.org/rah/works/novels/citizenofthegalaxy.html">"Review: Citizen of the Galaxy"</a>. <i>The Heinlein Society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heinleinsociety.org/rah/works/novels/citizenofthegalaxy.html">the original</a> on 8 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Heinlein+Society&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Citizen+of+the+Galaxy&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Milner&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heinleinsociety.org%2Frah%2Fworks%2Fnovels%2Fcitizenofthegalaxy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14846026/reference/">"Sisu (2022)"</a>. <i>imdb.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=imdb.com&rft.atitle=Sisu+%282022%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt14846026%2Freference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassoto2023" class="citation web cs1">Massoto, Erick (21 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/sisu-movie-trailer/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sisu' Trailer Promises Action-Packed Adventure With Gold, Nazis, and a Cute Dog"</a>. <i>collider.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collider.com&rft.atitle=%27Sisu%27+Trailer+Promises+Action-Packed+Adventure+With+Gold%2C+Nazis%2C+and+a+Cute+Dog&rft.date=2023-02-21&rft.aulast=Massoto&rft.aufirst=Erick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fsisu-movie-trailer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sisu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/sisu" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/sisu">sisu</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLahti2019" class="citation journal cs1">Lahti, Emilia E. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://internationaljournalofwellbeing.org/index.php/ijow/article/view/672">"Embodied fortitude: An introduction to the Finnish construct of sisu"</a>. <i>International Journal of Wellbeing</i>. <b>9</b>: <span class="nowrap">61–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5502%2Fijw.v9i1.672">10.5502/ijw.v9i1.672</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wellbeing&rft.atitle=Embodied+fortitude%3A+An+introduction+to+the+Finnish+construct+of+sisu&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5502%2Fijw.v9i1.672&rft.aulast=Lahti&rft.aufirst=Emilia+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternationaljournalofwellbeing.org%2Findex.php%2Fijow%2Farticle%2Fview%2F672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sisulab.com">"E. Elisabet Lahti, PhD. Author, Speaker, Trainer"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=E.+Elisabet+Lahti%2C+PhD.+Author%2C+Speaker%2C+Trainer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sisulab.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span>—Lahti's website and blog with resources on <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2006" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Bill (26 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/22/AR2006032201943.html">"The Finnish Line"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Finnish+Line&rft.date=2006-03-26&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F03%2F22%2FAR2006032201943.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bmqdnx5R1U&feature=fvw.html"><i>Mika Häkkinen Teaches Captain Slow to Drive (Top Gear)</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mika+H%C3%A4kkinen+Teaches+Captain+Slow+to+Drive+%28Top+Gear%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D2bmqdnx5R1U%26feature%3Dfvw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASisu" class="Z3988"></span>—explains what <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">sisu</i></span> is (starts at 4:32)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Finland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_under_Swedish_rule" title="Finland under Swedish rule">Finland under Swedish rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cudgel_War" title="Cudgel War">Cudgel War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland_during_the_Great_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Finland during the Great Northern War">The Great Wrath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Finnish_Art" title="Golden Age of Finnish Art">Golden Age of Finnish Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Finland" title="Independence of Finland">Independence of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland in World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlandization" title="Finlandization">Finlandization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Finland_(1917%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Finland (1917–present)">History of independent Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Finland" title="Military history of Finland">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Finland" title="Geography of Finland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Finland" title="List of cities and towns in Finland">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Finland" title="List of extreme points of Finland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Finland" title="Geology of Finland">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Finland" title="List of islands of Finland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Finland" title="List of lakes of Finland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland" title="Municipalities of Finland">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Finland" title="List of national parks of Finland">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Finland" title="Provinces of Finland">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Finland" title="List of rivers of Finland">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Finland_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Finland by population">Urban areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Finland" title="Wildlife of Finland">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Finland" title="Politics of Finland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Finland" title="Administrative divisions of Finland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Finland" title="Constitution of Finland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Finland" title="Elections in Finland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Finland" title="Foreign relations of Finland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Government" title="Finnish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Finland" title="Human rights in Finland">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Finland" title="Judicial system of Finland">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Finland" title="Law of Finland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Finland" title="Law enforcement in Finland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">NATO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Finland" title="List of political parties in Finland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Finland" title="Economy of Finland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Finland" title="Agriculture in Finland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Finland" title="Bank of Finland">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Finland" title="Energy in Finland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finnish_government_enterprises" title="List of Finnish government enterprises">Government-owned companies</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Finland" title="Industry in Finland">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_income_policy_agreement_(Finland)" title="National income policy agreement (Finland)">National income agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_maritime_cluster" title="Finnish maritime cluster">Ship-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_startup_scene" title="Finnish startup scene">Startups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Helsinki" title="Nasdaq Helsinki">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Finland" title="Taxation in Finland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Finland" title="Telecommunications in Finland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Finland" title="Tourism in Finland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Finland" title="Transport in Finland">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Finland" title="Rail transport in Finland">Rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Finland" title="Category:Society of Finland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Finland" title="Abortion in Finland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Finland" title="Crime in Finland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Finland" title="Climate change in Finland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland" title="Demographics of Finland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Finland" title="Education in Finland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Finland" title="Healthcare in Finland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Finland" title="Languages of Finland">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_Swedish" title="Finland Swedish">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Finland" title="Welfare in Finland">Welfare system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Finland" title="Culture of Finland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maamme" title="Maamme">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Finland" title="Architecture of Finland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_art" title="Finnish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Finland" title="Coat of arms of Finland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Finland" title="Flag of Finland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Finland" title="Folklore of Finland">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_literature" title="Finnish literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala"><i>The Kalevala</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Finland" title="Telecommunications in Finland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland" title="Music of Finland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_national_symbols" title="Finnish national symbols">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Finland" title="Public holidays in Finland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Finland)" title="Independence Day (Finland)">Independence Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_sauna" title="Finnish sauna">Sauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Finland" title="Sport in Finland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Finland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Finland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Finland" title="Outline of Finland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finland-related_topics" title="List of Finland-related topics">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Finland#Further_reading" title="Finland">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Finland" title="Category:Finland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Finland" title="Portal:Finland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virtues57" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virtues" title="Template:Virtues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virtues" title="Template talk:Virtues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virtues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virtues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virtues57" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">Virtues</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">About virtues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endowment_(philosophy)" title="Endowment (philosophy)">Endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_character" title="Moral character">Moral character</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics" title="Nicomachean Ethics">Nicomachean Ethics</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">Positive psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trait_theory" title="Trait theory">Trait theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtue families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā">Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Brahmavihārās</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">Bushidō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Vices_and_Virtues" title="Catalogue of Vices and Virtues">Catalogue of Vices and Virtues</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emi_Omo_Eso" title="Emi Omo Eso">Emi Omo Eso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemic_virtue" title="Epistemic virtue">Epistemic virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_virtues" title="Five virtues">Five virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles_and_Eight_Virtues" title="Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues">Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics#Intellectual_virtue" title="Aristotelian ethics">Intellectual virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics#Moral_virtue" title="Aristotelian ethics">Moral virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Noble_Virtues" title="Nine Noble Virtues">Nine Noble Virtues</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omoluwabi" title="Omoluwabi">Omoluwabi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Pāramīs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_virtues" title="Prussian virtues">Prussian virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_Law" title="Scout Law">Scout Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_virtues" title="Seven virtues">Seven virtues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">Theological</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teachings_of_the_Seven_Grandfathers" title="Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers">Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Treasures_(Taoism)" title="Three Treasures (Taoism)">Three Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Values_in_Action_Inventory_of_Strengths" title="Values in Action Inventory of Strengths">Values in Action Inventory of Strengths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual virtues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accountability" title="Accountability">Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alertness" title="Alertness">Alertness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">Altruism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_(philosophy)" title="Authenticity (philosophy)">Authenticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calmness" title="Calmness">Calmness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charisma" title="Charisma">Charisma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_(practice)" title="Charity (practice)">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastity" title="Chastity">Chastity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanliness" title="Cleanliness">Cleanliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion" title="Compassion">Compassion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientiousness" title="Conscientiousness">Conscientiousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">Courage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_courage" title="Civil courage">Civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_courage" title="Moral courage">Moral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy" title="Courtesy">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diligence" title="Diligence">Diligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discernment_(Christianity)" title="Discernment (Christianity)">Discernment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">Empathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance" title="Endurance">Endurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equanimity" title="Equanimity">Equanimity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithfulness" title="Faithfulness">Faithfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidelity" title="Fidelity">Fidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foresight_(psychology)" title="Foresight (psychology)">Foresight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgiveness" title="Forgiveness">Forgiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frugality" title="Frugality">Frugality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generosity" title="Generosity">Generosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_(honor)" title="Glory (honor)">Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_faith" title="Good faith">Good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratitude" title="Gratitude">Gratitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_virtue" title="Heroic virtue">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honesty" title="Honesty">Honesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_(virtue)" title="Hope (virtue)">Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality" title="Hospitality">Hospitality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_(virtue)" title="Humanity (virtue)">Humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humility" title="Humility">Humility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impartiality" title="Impartiality">Impartiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocence" title="Innocence">Innocence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insight" title="Insight">Insight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrity" title="Integrity">Integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">Emotional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_intelligence" title="Social intelligence">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement" title="Judgement">Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_(virtue)" title="Justice (virtue)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindness" title="Kindness">Kindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnanimity" title="Magnanimity">Magnanimity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificence_(history_of_ideas)" title="Magnificence (history of ideas)">Magnificence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meekness" title="Meekness">Meekness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy" title="Mercy">Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderation" title="Moderation">Moderation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonattachment_(philosophy)" title="Nonattachment (philosophy)">Nonattachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patience" title="Patience">Patience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspicacity" title="Perspicacity">Perspicacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piety" title="Piety">Piety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">Filial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pity" title="Pity">Pity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politeness" title="Politeness">Politeness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudence" title="Prudence">Prudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuality" title="Punctuality">Punctuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_(virtue)" title="Religion (virtue)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation" title="Renunciation">Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_resilience" title="Psychological resilience">Resilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect" title="Respect">Respect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverence_(emotion)" title="Reverence (emotion)">Reverence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteous_indignation" title="Righteous indignation">Righteous indignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteousness" title="Righteousness">Righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-control" title="Self-control">Self-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-cultivation" title="Self-cultivation">Self-cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-transcendence" title="Self-transcendence">Self-transcendence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sincerity" title="Sincerity">Sincerity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsmanship" title="Sportsmanship">Sportsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sympathy" title="Sympathy">Sympathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_taste" title="Aesthetic taste">Taste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">Temperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranquillity" title="Tranquillity">Tranquillity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_(social_science)" title="Trust (social science)">Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wit" title="Wit">Wit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workmanship" title="Workmanship">Workmanship</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/De_(Chinese)" title="De (Chinese)">De</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing_(philosophy)" title="Jing (philosophy)">Jing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Li_(Confucianism)" title="Li (Confucianism)">Li</a></i></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(philosophy)" title="Ren (philosophy)">Ren</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yi_(philosophy)" title="Yi (philosophy)">Yi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></i></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Arete" title="Arete">Arete</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia">Ataraxia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eutrapelia" title="Eutrapelia">Eutrapelia</a></i></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Philotimo" title="Philotimo">Philotimo</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis">Phronesis</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sophia_(wisdom)" title="Sophia (wisdom)">Sophia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sophrosyne" title="Sophrosyne">Sophrosyne</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adhi%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Adhiṭṭhāna">Adhiṭṭhāna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Ārjava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhrti" title="Dhrti">Dhṛti</a></i></li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hr%C4%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Hrī (Buddhism)">Hrī</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kshama" title="Kshama">Kshama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kshanti" title="Kshanti">Kshanti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Muditā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Śraddhā</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Saddhā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekṣā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Auctoritas" title="Auctoritas">Auctoritas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charity_(Christian_virtue)" title="Charity (Christian virtue)">Caritas</a></i></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Decorum" title="Decorum">Decorum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_(Roman_concept)" title="Dignitas (Roman concept)">Dignitas</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Fides_(deity)" title="Fides (deity)">Fides</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gravitas" title="Gravitas">Gravitas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanitas" title="Humanitas">Humanitas</a></i></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Pietas" title="Pietas">Pietas</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virtus" title="Virtus">Virtus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganbaru" title="Ganbaru">Ganbaru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giri_(Japanese)" title="Giri (Japanese)">Giri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></i></li> <li><span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Seny" title="Seny">Seny</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sisu</a></i></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Virt%C3%B9" title="Virtù">Virtù</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sisu&oldid=1267015931">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sisu&oldid=1267015931</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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