CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135589fbbc0fe17',cH: 'O.zFQ5WFDoFoFqm086emK3xaXddq4bkDhouCdcsOkhk-1739790786-1.2.1.1-3FXmYFGknvwMGsb2cNfEDTm929BPHcUyNUyg.Z.II0DoG_YF6LkGUidbIVBgCsjp',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=computational%20thinking&__cf_chl_tk=uDZhFu8FMMbRg4YgNHQMqkhmSTHmxSbUjpc88dpuKOc-1739790786-1.0.1.1-bV2Lks6NvfwqRxxpKdLVKju.lwlLohN0KiQt1p4aC1U",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790786',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=computational%20thinking&__cf_chl_f_tk=uDZhFu8FMMbRg4YgNHQMqkhmSTHmxSbUjpc88dpuKOc-1739790786-1.0.1.1-bV2Lks6NvfwqRxxpKdLVKju.lwlLohN0KiQt1p4aC1U",md: "KT34VrVMW.LtaDu91PapvHe.xV6puLeK80Xzqd_Ia8M-1739790786-1.2.1.1-q4xQG8D7.kmqoc3g.K42q0ZmAy0iqXK.8AyLOZsl6w8Fh61YQRpTT4kpaw0hAcO0P2I.qYlSyWn28QHx5fDb6ju77X0Yb8Yi_Fave3Jf1g9rP2GmlAfpnDCttVTr8mDNo1Aey13AML3tMqzx7rzr.gj4t.MD1XLy3.7u3jhowHWqJvyQPZiquXVboVWCNtQsx2gWme7iMJw2Am5N6IzY64kxDuwP32rFu3rJJLUHc82tUt_vEPpO8xvf20wz9LkcmCvMqKblOZ9soZC5xjemLXtE2iaPD7Fb7hSDBt4sVHM7bFT_ve57PypfrTRQRcJuN6AJ78iBP2E1B3V.NuDfopu9cuZ_cdYUFyz4gAYYBmFq_TnQ0R0N5oeh1Gm9MVtfi.4F2JX0Z81wCvUXpAm_oycmxO2qBf.R1yJWqFWE4YeG0kCHwG2yurC.ZGB_rLkWJcNC4s1XuhV3mV3K9KgQCXzdaQNQhTEM0PagpKHtbs4FNsi3INBUl_4uFFqjJ0X0xfUWoAEmBEM28k4DRgZ6fK98u7ghOBg.207s6Dvg8QjZ5BPTKIOp9Pxo1EzaLblIBJLC5NiWlwXiHlo3djz6iT.HbI7kJb890VusEtd_EcN._EOyURj1eWsU9Zf4JnKZLEqUpZQLpKF_pa0qbYc0Q2aFIcOi6TjEUFp6jcl_r1dGIKk8mpGUHQxR2J7LwECZh_l7qFCL9FY.6h880utOQfm5WYZn0tc0yGzVQ83puDOPQhwvhYhybIKj8SNWf2eAJCLsNKVrJ4jdMIC7S4xmrro0vmLUE8Ciib6p31Xiqv5ogSP68CGjktqBCOIyEk.Dc1jbVpTuuOoKNAt2QpxmWiXrbqSOtnH.Bu648Ricz6QXIandEaswTpFwqeKcMktJSiYLf9NbD72UUYhguMtvBI0.SOHjei.44E20XilX56PmAoQ38D4PPXX2zPFvPc9HkPnMX90VPPh2ApkTVJnCrXVS0PQ03tgioVw4pe00CkEc3G5rdQOwbj4rY_iqhXAmStciqlyOO56oyiEZWyAZiNvi1TwkuN2GqFwR0jN7YJpUlWDs4QMIzB9lD63H3kbe1xo3bgMAKMl.bsKDs_pvaxI_RlkW8iBtSbovF2EqfCzy4u78ChNZ0jxC.nWpYY8DmNJW3_wq1IGwzO5RAHQoH33hKZPtNwkFG2iLwjjf3duWQq_hs0G1.1tJ7jlKftikMd64qfJ2SjDVpC6voedzvdZ.11KWvMsEfoKuU5t8BYYmCY4rKgnRsgKJpyu1My.sEj2U6JW8.DLbccS4e7fheDzzn4yTPuPPMdJuh_mV7L51vgqH6FETw8VpQ1SrLekhkVBDJcrec1WpQkWH02_7T9T_6zh5rOG7PUgjEP2CgZxH2s.cZj2U.KU5vty2djuJ2ZtluB1pjEGWp5XTNMawCbc_qmuosWnybXsCWGIMgblLA29ddEo0TYrq7K_vIOWXqRqlN4HQ4rGUucPSHgIHrGOSFSn4llKUtLa40AQwTgcrQEgHdooTQy5YhPgbM_xwjvh6CMjQtouDlOE3MI6gop7oJlOkJ55UcgcKo6VhZr5QxkF6enUX5Bo0v4AFAxjrlRSYw8xjavNJMRg.kYuRotZzf3iY72DycqaqASyb4ZONQfYC0ts6j9WWJI81ti8IRu9k1RDkMG2Aog1iDjW5qEcvRaabLC6Cba0gZbTSKA3eIy6NPkJ02rwL4BxC_w.Xs8czT1t84Oe2wemx3glRbb9WS8gEv1RqLbirjdvln6LrEhYfvePpLOD0acKJ8U7UjL_OP3vx5HzEka4CRGZ_cd_F6E2S0mUXztmX8fHvSCtw_jpKYglyKfm7no1nn1K6JfveBhWKM6MQN1PTZaYMMOFoXJDleEJcE7qYcrpHQoucSr.e_x93hhYdrTKg7YhYxnMzMwHovHLZJxdl9umGm8b1U395YZAR0otfuMTA_n_10kNcfJ7mgc4cK8vuLHd9",mdrd: "mDZfIiK0_Vb_E7dLIrSo_QKl_RZ0uRGuWKYP4cd_Wu8-1739790786-1.2.1.1-HIKccyERDWyb9K7IcepTJaHLMhCFOssfFJnpJOdHeiDCKydeyXLOuI1a7gOjNXjNLrASdrrl6bsWfYyIbOGoaZT9z5.5_7.S06ZiGFW0cXKowVsbcbI.l2siCRyLXH9PVXpvXC.PLtM3KVmR2eoOO__PFsI4GL.2cwF7zkxE_rJfVszn9CP8wP3Wp0TTd_5rTt_LtG5wv054_B5ci_W.qtKiB1it8xZ2q8mOUtbnxLtz2iM_3hBNQVBobtPPV3lDw7FV.ZpSCdyKB631XZZA3BytQnWnYryqaoRBPByNCHpX6R5xszIFCgUe6jXlDe5NO4kPQd9buCInFr4YkmOupXAZVSxWqoaYMiGBQd6wHO6DQvIePlAZigpgHnm_cFenF48ltnUhjokghwJRTDzD04Uo8S8A6Wx.FbjX1U2Scl2VJ5.ywVtL5ZfuML7vq0jBTHjx5sOVY0FFlKBjb9IbiZL8umNP.PzLSPIQ3chQCQJG0ysTvEUArhPG.s3EmhmS3A3eAgtKjOFlpX84ajXkNQghAvaclV57yE7kw1oBdoQmctcMA1r3rSpmEBgr1WQVbs__aexjVA0YhXl5J2XP4sO5LFg7i1VDhh_9SYMRRaOSTBQoMoQLKLR6V7QG1Kx2sE753943gXZqJ9YSwjLEQNFcWGem6CI2vg1CrvhH6mVMQag4h1oSy.vyrn1ubhhhuFknFvezXKa7PQqO8A90nYqFx.rWkCEooImB1Rie2hfFzdcoLy.pC28owrUKdcALyMb4to20EaC0pni.i3R4WkL.8iJSjTQAU6X0jO0BT9H3Wgr2yjBRhzwjh.tWJQ14gp4KUSjqU15DfjEFVTdSGQB2rNhKcOBGM5xdGqrONvHk3yxixIDd4UxwQbF4b8tN2bftgqLEFC0WRoz76xlNgtxrhZ7gnXY5TlibjQvi_5MS8f74MjnmeCtjfY8jET4TlBp_UAA7zpKazwj2lR4Pywvve0ahia0bO3eJ9rJXZydqfRfJM1_QxilO31QKYaSi4MIPI6pTA1alXkM7uIqZv12O8B.DY4ommfCGwvlJTzTxLfPq6.k0Eu3Vzk6fg8G7B.whaYRPMktO4qsWS3lNyRqXobNOI90J1ZMI8cLvyLU71OY9AoQlbGAXAM66y5D74FjQMsZLYTrsQrMbzG.3aKdkQJ1DOyWHhSUlhIe3LPC18bSr3urCe7d9.BjdptZauQJgwvwvBXETdspKTC0I.CPCREWZ2bA6Qzvw.UqS5GQwYUOcJEpaBd.pPe7JaHFY_peKqMdkql9rHVo6DrarQLkVwEazPYekSA_CVuWjfAhTMYM95vWb_ua35wKMBoqs3OqsBqE8l3qoltlcZssm2VlKMIgCsZ5AXmL.9n_nKhK_V7JXcKGh3k57RVPuebaLhlAS9ObaBQz96vAmkfWICLVLktnK67NXpswCaAkxhhfBiQqpiLe3GgIYVqtDt8N21DJKhIQzewq8MbHuymBEaENqjKJa2gkk7ILgEozM7AAN8oIJYMkyaWrEmNUbe5k1r2lMaegfVN38sCFJVzF9Wyp4Zzj79ScbbuY5FCdIBJK3_e.3sB28XXlKXi.cmnQ5RF0tZ._2hjvysmn1FQnKBwf.LqP143xRFp7iKqi_NQytLZDmf4tJCXw7a_y8XkLTWmZQR6Yrv0FFzZdfgPp9LDIdgNwg9clffkO62FyXbv2eMwM3dImhQUdzAH3xjwwaSjZkHkQhWOzrdWu9QA65_bPQvKhB9wwwvwYl39R8_YCGAQN17z.oI7iGfwa_USTGzWbmnCITmslvREEUPAvYL62NQPraRgUKBsqn2eBPe.I.11Q7wJYyYsKd5vhpyqRPS8Ihx.OrhfC2jJz6vlSImYqoTkxIwQdBDGMcFf9X3XXWwtis1aTc7VaReGukc6XYtRnk8wHGVElkSFjfcxDsvmz8HcBHOUpE6UHtoLgacoIRwF52Zg0AbY5TNXIOpxWZ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135589fbbc0fe17';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=computational%20thinking&__cf_chl_rt_tk=uDZhFu8FMMbRg4YgNHQMqkhmSTHmxSbUjpc88dpuKOc-1739790786-1.0.1.1-bV2Lks6NvfwqRxxpKdLVKju.lwlLohN0KiQt1p4aC1U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>