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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="보이기" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-파문의_조건" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#파문의_조건"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>파문의 조건</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-파문의_조건-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사적_사례" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사적_사례"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>역사적 사례</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사적_사례-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기독교_공동체에_따른_치리" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기독교_공동체에_따른_치리"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>기독교 공동체에 따른 치리</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-기독교_공동체에_따른_치리-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>기독교 공동체에 따른 치리 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-기독교_공동체에_따른_치리-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-로마_가톨릭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#로마_가톨릭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>로마 가톨릭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-로마_가톨릭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-자동_파문" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#자동_파문"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>자동 파문</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-자동_파문-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-개신교" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개신교"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>개신교</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개신교-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-성공회" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#성공회"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>성공회</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-성공회-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-개혁교회(Reformed)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개혁교회(Reformed)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>개혁교회(Reformed)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개혁교회(Reformed)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-루터교회" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#루터교회"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>루터교회</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-루터교회-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-그외_설명" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#그외_설명"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>그외 설명</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-그외_설명-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">파문</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 72개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskommunikasie" title="Ekskommunikasie – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ekskommunikasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exkommunikation" title="Exkommunikation – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Exkommunikation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="حرمان كنسي – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرمان كنسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aforoz" title="Aforoz – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aforoz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Адлучэнне – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адлучэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A6%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Отлъчване от Църквата – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Отлъчване от Църквата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskumunugenn" title="Eskumunugenn – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eskumunugenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskomunikacija" title="Ekskomunikacija – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ekskomunikacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excomuni%C3%B3" title="Excomunió – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Excomunió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exkomunikace" title="Exkomunikace – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Exkomunikace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysgymuno" title="Ysgymuno – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ysgymuno" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskommunikation" title="Ekskommunikation – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ekskommunikation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exkommunikation" title="Exkommunikation – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Exkommunikation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Excommunication" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskomuniko" title="Ekskomuniko – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekskomuniko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excomuni%C3%B3n" title="Excomunión – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Excomunión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskommunikatsioon" title="Ekskommunikatsioon – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ekskommunikatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskumiku" title="Eskumiku – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskumiku" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تکفیر در ادیان – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تکفیر در ادیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskommunikaatio" title="Ekskommunikaatio – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ekskommunikaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Excommunication" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskommunikaasje" title="Ekskommunikaasje – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ekskommunikaasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excomu%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Excomuñón – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Excomuñón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%99_(%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="נידוי (נצרות) – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נידוי (נצרות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskomunikacija" title="Ekskomunikacija – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ekskomunikacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kik%C3%B6z%C3%B6s%C3%ADt%C3%A9s" title="Kiközösítés – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kiközösítés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Excommunication" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskomunikasi" title="Ekskomunikasi – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekskomunikasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exkomunikeso" title="Exkomunikeso – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Exkomunikeso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannf%C3%A6ring" title="Bannfæring – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bannfæring" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scomunica" title="Scomunica – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scomunica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E9%96%80" title="破門 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="破門" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunicatio" title="Excommunicatio – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Excommunicatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exkommunikatioun" title="Exkommunikatioun – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Exkommunikatioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunicatie" title="Excommunicatie – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Excommunicatie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scomunega" title="Scomunega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Scomunega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskomunika" title="Ekskomunika – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ekskomunika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskomunik%C4%81cija" title="Ekskomunikācija – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ekskomunikācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Изопштување – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Изопштување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengucilan" title="Pengucilan – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengucilan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunicatie" title="Excommunicatie – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Excommunicatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskommunikasjon" title="Ekskommunikasjon – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ekskommunikasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskommunikasjon" title="Ekskommunikasjon – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ekskommunikasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excomunicacion" title="Excomunicacion – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Excomunicacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskomunika" title="Ekskomunika – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ekskomunika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DB%90_%DA%85%D8%AE%D9%87_%D8%B4%DA%93%D9%84" title="له مذهبي ټولنې څخه شړل – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="له مذهبي ټولنې څخه شړل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excomunh%C3%A3o" title="Excomunhão – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Excomunhão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excomunicare" title="Excomunicare – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Excomunicare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Отлучение – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Отлучение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Екскомуникация – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Екскомуникация" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scum%C3%B9nica" title="Scumùnica – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scumùnica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskomunikacija" title="Ekskomunikacija – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ekskomunikacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Excommunication" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exkomunik%C3%A1cia" title="Exkomunikácia – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Exkomunikácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskomunikacija" title="Ekskomunikacija – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ekskomunikacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciribtir" title="Ciribtir – 소말리아어" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ciribtir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="소말리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkish%C3%ABrimi" title="Shkishërimi – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkishërimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Изопштење – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Изопштење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannlysning" title="Bannlysning – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bannlysning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உறவு ஒன்றிப்பிலிருந்து நீக்கம் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உறவு ஒன்றிப்பிலிருந்து நீக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="การตัดขาดจากศาสนา – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การตัดขาดจากศาสนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksomunyon" title="Eksomunyon – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Eksomunyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aforoz" title="Aforoz – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aforoz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Відлучення від церкви – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Відлучення від церкви" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دین بدری – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دین بدری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scom%C3%B9nega" title="Scomùnega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Scomùnega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%A1_tuy%E1%BB%87t_th%C3%B4ng" title="Vạ tuyệt thông – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vạ tuyệt thông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discomuniaedje" title="Discomuniaedje – 왈론어" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Discomuniaedje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="왈론어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikskomunikasyon" title="Ikskomunikasyon – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ikskomunikasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%BD%B0" title="絕罰 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="絕罰" 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.sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:250px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background: #DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="기독교"><span style="color:#000000">기독교</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/70px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/105px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/140px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background: #DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%98" title="예수">예수</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%8F%84" title="그리스도">그리스도</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%98%EB%85%80_%EC%9E%89%ED%83%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="처녀 잉태">탄생</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%8B%AD%EC%9E%90%EA%B0%80%ED%98%95" title="예수의 십자가형">죽음</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%98%EC%9D%98_%EB%B6%80%ED%99%9C" title="예수의 부활">부활</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%8A%B9%EC%B2%9C" title="예수의 승천">승천</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%81_%EC%98%88%EC%88%98" title="역사적 예수">역사적 예수</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background: #DCDCDC;">기초</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="교회">교회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%95%BD%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD" title="신약성경">신약성경</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%8F%84" title="사도">사도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%8A%90%EB%8B%98%EC%9D%98_%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="하느님의 나라">천국</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%9D%8C" title="복음">복음</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C" title="기독교 연표">연표</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C" title="베드로">베드로</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="파울로스">바울로</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background: #DCDCDC;">경전</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%BD%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD" title="구약성경">구약성경</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%95%BD%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD" title="신약성경">신약성경</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="성경 목록">성경 목록</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EA%B2%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="정경">정경</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%B8%EA%B2%BD" title="외경">외경</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EA%B2%BD#다양한_기독교의_정경" class="mw-disambig" title="정경">다양한 기독교의 정경</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background: #DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%99" title="기독교 신학">기독교 신학</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%9B%90" title="구원">구원</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A1%80" title="세례">세례</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%B0%AC" title="성찬">성찬·성체성사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%BC%EC%9C%84%EC%9D%BC%EC%B2%B4" title="삼위일체">삼위일체</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EB%B6%80" title="성부">성부</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%90_(%EC%82%BC%EC%9C%84%EC%9D%BC%EC%B2%B4)" title="성자 (삼위일체)">성자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EB%A0%B9" title="성령">성령</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%8E%B8%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="보편교회주의">보편교회주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="로마가톨릭">로마가톨릭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="기독론">기독론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C%EB%A1%A0" title="교회론">교회론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84%EB%A1%A0" title="인간론">인간론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EC%9C%A4%EB%A6%AC" title="기독교 윤리">기독교 윤리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_(%EC%98%88%EC%88%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88)" title="마리아 (예수의 어머니)">마리아론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EB%B3%80%EC%A6%9D%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="기독교 변증론">변증론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EC%A2%85%EB%A7%90%EB%A1%A0" title="기독교 종말론">종말론</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background: #DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="기독교의 역사">기독교의 역사</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%A0%84_(%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%99)" title="성전 (신학)">전통</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EA%B8%B0_%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="초기 기독교">초대교회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%ED%8B%B0%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4_1%EC%84%B8" title="콘스탄티누스 1세">콘스탄티누스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="공의회">공의회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD" title="사도신경">사도신경</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%A0%84_(%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%99)" title="성전 (신학)">성전</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%9D%8C_%EC%A0%84%EB%8F%84" title="복음 전도">전도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%84%9C_%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98_%EB%B6%84%EC%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="동서 교회의 분열">동서 교회의 분열</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%AD%EC%9E%90%EA%B5%B0" title="십자군">십자군</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90_%EA%B0%9C%ED%98%81" title="종교 개혁">종교 개혁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90_%EA%B0%9C%ED%98%81" class="mw-redirect" title="반종교 개혁">반종교 개혁</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background: #DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%90%ED%8C%8C" title="기독교의 교파">교파</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="가톨릭교회">가톨릭교회</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="로마 가톨릭교회">로마 가톨릭교회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%B0%A9_%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="동방 가톨릭교회">동방 가톨릭교회</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="정교회">정교회</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%B0%A9_%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="동방 정교회">동방 정교회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%94%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="오리엔트 정교회">오리엔트 정교회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%8F%99%EB%B0%A9%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="아시리아 동방교회">아시리아 동방교회</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%8B%A0%EA%B5%90" title="개신교">개신교</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%B5%ED%9A%8C" title="성공회">성공회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%84%B0%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="루터회">루터회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%A8%EB%A1%80%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="침례회">침례회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%B1%85%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="칼뱅주의">칼뱅주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EB%A6%AC%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="감리회">감리회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%88%9C%EC%A0%88%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" class="mw-redirect" title="오순절운동">오순절운동</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%9D%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="복음주의">복음주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EB%A6%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="재림주의">재림주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%82%AC%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" class="mw-redirect" title="신사도운동">신사도운동</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD%EB%B3%B5%EA%B7%80%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" class="mw-redirect" title="성경복귀운동">성경복귀운동</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%84%B8%EB%A1%80%ED%8C%8C" title="재세례파">재세례파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%8C" title="후스파">후스파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%AC%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%98%95%EC%A0%9C%EB%8B%A8" title="플리머스 형제단">플리머스 형제단</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%80%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A4" title="퀘이커">퀘이커</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9A%8C%EB%B3%B5%EB%90%9C_%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" class="mw-redirect" title="회복된 기독교">회복 기독교</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%98_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%8F%84_%ED%9B%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%B1%EB%8F%84_%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="예수 그리스도 후기성도 교회">예수 그리스도 후기성도 교회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%ED%98%B8%EC%99%80%EC%9D%98_%EC%A6%9D%EC%9D%B8" title="여호와의 증인">여호와의 증인</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%BC%EC%98%A4%EC%88%9C%EC%A0%88%EA%B5%90" title="단일오순절교">단일오순절교</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%88%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="유니테리언주의">유니테리언주의</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background: #DCDCDC;">기독교 관련 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A4%ED%99%94" title="설화">설화</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%BD%EC%A1%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="창조주의">창조주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A3%BC" title="노아의 방주">노아의 방주</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background: #DCDCDC;">기타 일반</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A4%EA%B5%90" title="설교">강론·설교</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%84" title="기도">기도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%A1%80" title="전례">전례</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C%EB%A0%A5" title="교회력">교회력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%98" title="이콘">성화상</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%85" title="기독교 음악">음악</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EB%AF%B8%EC%88%A0" title="기독교 미술">미술</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%81%90%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" class="mw-redirect" title="에큐메니즘">에큐메니즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%8B%A0%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EB%A1%A0" title="유신진화론">유신진화론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%99%80_%ED%83%80%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90%EC%99%80%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84" class="mw-redirect" title="기독교와 타종교와의 관계">타종교 관계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%97%90_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C_%EB%B9%84%ED%8C%90" title="기독교에 대한 비판">비판</a><br style="margin-bottom: 16px" /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/22px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/33px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/44px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="포털:기독교">기독교 포털</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311309">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="틀:기독교"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="틀토론:기독교"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="특수:문서편집/틀:기독교"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Threat_of_excommunication_to_thieves_of_books_in_the_library_of_the_university_of_Salamanca_(Spain).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Threat_of_excommunication_to_thieves_of_books_in_the_library_of_the_university_of_Salamanca_%28Spain%29.jpg/220px-Threat_of_excommunication_to_thieves_of_books_in_the_library_of_the_university_of_Salamanca_%28Spain%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Threat_of_excommunication_to_thieves_of_books_in_the_library_of_the_university_of_Salamanca_%28Spain%29.jpg/330px-Threat_of_excommunication_to_thieves_of_books_in_the_library_of_the_university_of_Salamanca_%28Spain%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Threat_of_excommunication_to_thieves_of_books_in_the_library_of_the_university_of_Salamanca_%28Spain%29.jpg/440px-Threat_of_excommunication_to_thieves_of_books_in_the_library_of_the_university_of_Salamanca_%28Spain%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>파문</b>(破門, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">excommunication</span>)은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="기독교">기독교</a> 특히 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="로마 가톨릭교회">로마 가톨릭교회</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EB%A6%AC" title="교리">교리</a>나 윤리상 중대한 잘못을 저지른 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%B8" title="기독교인">기독교인</a>을 공동체로부터 쫓아내는 처벌을 뜻한다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 보통 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="로마 가톨릭교회">로마 가톨릭교회</a>에서 사용하는 용어로, 바깥을 뜻하는 Ex와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%93%A0_%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%98_%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="모든 성인의 통공">모든 성인의 통공</a>(<a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD" title="사도신경">사도신경</a> 참조)를 뜻하는 Communion이 더해진 말이다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%8B%A0%EA%B5%90" title="개신교">개신교</a>에서의 <b><a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EC%A7%95_(%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C)" title="권징 (교회)">권징</a></b>과 비슷하다. 파문을 당한 사람은 공동체에서 쫓겨나, 하느님의 은혜가 전달되는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%82%AC" title="성사">성사</a>에 참석할 권리를 빼앗기지만, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A1%80" title="세례">세례</a>의 효력이 없어지는 일은 없으므로 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%B8" title="기독교인">기독교인</a>이 아니게 되는 것은 아니다. 이 가운데 몇 가지 방식은 모든 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="기독교">기독교</a> 교회·교단, 그리고 더나아가 모든 신앙공동체의 권징 대상에 속한다. 교회 말고도 학교에서의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%9C%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="출학">출학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="강제전학">강제전학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%87%B4%ED%95%99" title="퇴학">퇴학</a>, 학원에서의 강제<a href="/wiki/%ED%87%B4%EC%9B%90" title="퇴원">퇴원</a>도 해당되며, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B1%EB%B3%B4" title="족보">족보</a>ㆍ<a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%98%EC%A7%80" title="묘지">묘지</a> 훼손, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%A1%80%EC%8B%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="장례식">장례식</a>ㆍ<a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%ED%98%BC%EC%8B%9D" title="결혼식">결혼식</a>ㆍ<a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%82%AC" title="제사">제사</a>방해 등 가문을 더럽히는 짓을 해도 파문당하므로 절대 해서는 안된다. 물론 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="학교폭력">학교폭력</a>ㆍ<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="성폭력">성폭력</a>ㆍ<a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A0%95%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="가정폭력">가정폭력</a>ㆍ<a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%B4%EC%A0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="음주운전">음주운전</a> 등을 저질러도 마찬가지다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="파문의_조건"><span id=".ED.8C.8C.EB.AC.B8.EC.9D.98_.EC.A1.B0.EA.B1.B4"></span>파문의 조건</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 파문의 조건"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A1%80" title="세례">세례</a>를 받았고</li> <li>파문에 해당하는 교회법의 조항(1321조)을 형식적, 도덕적으로 비난받을 만큼 위반했으며</li> <li>교회의 가르침에 반항한 신자여야 한다.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사적_사례"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC.EC.A0.81_.EC.82.AC.EB.A1.80"></span>역사적 사례</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 역사적 사례"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%85%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B4%EC%9A%95" title="카노사의 굴욕">카노사의 굴욕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B4_%EB%A3%A8%ED%84%B0" title="마르틴 루터">마르틴 루터</a>의 파문. 1521년 1월 3일 로마에서 공포된 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%99%A9_%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4_10%EC%84%B8" title="교황 레오 10세">교황 레오 10세</a>의 교서 《Decet Romanum Pontificem》(로마 교황은 이렇게 말한다)에 따라 루터는 로마 가톨릭 교회로부터 파문당한다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AC%EC%9B%90%EB%B0%A9%EC%A3%BC" title="마리아의 구원방주">마리아의 구원방주</a> 자동 파문.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기독교_공동체에_따른_치리"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.EB.8F.85.EA.B5.90_.EA.B3.B5.EB.8F.99.EC.B2.B4.EC.97.90_.EB.94.B0.EB.A5.B8_.EC.B9.98.EB.A6.AC"></span>기독교 공동체에 따른 치리</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 기독교 공동체에 따른 치리"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="로마_가톨릭"><span id=".EB.A1.9C.EB.A7.88_.EA.B0.80.ED.86.A8.EB.A6.AD"></span>로마 가톨릭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 로마 가톨릭"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="로마 가톨릭교회">로마 가톨릭교회</a>는 파문을 2가지로 구분했다. 그중 하나는 '톨레라투스'(관용을 베푸는 것), 다른 하나는 '비탄두스'(상대하지 못할 사람으로 간주해버리는 것)이다. 2번째에 해당하는 가혹한 파문을 내리려면 이런 파문을 내리게 되는 특정 범죄를 제외하고는 먼저 범죄자를 대중 앞에서 '비탄두스'라는 이름으로 공포해야 하는데, 대부분의 경우 교황청이 직접 이러한 파문을 내렸다. 이 파문은 대단히 큰 범죄에 한정되었다. </p><p>두 종류의 파문 모두 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="교회">교회</a>의 성사들뿐만 아니라 기독교 장례식에도 참여하지 못하게 했다. 교회법전에는 파문받을 행위가 상세히 나열되어 있다. 1983년 1월 교황 요한네스 파울루스(요한 바오로) 2세는 이 목록을 개정하여 낙태, 고해의 비밀약속을 깨는 일, 사제의 도움을 받아 죄를 지은 사람을 그 사제가 사면하는 일, 영성체 집행자로 축성된 사람을 모독하는 일, 바티칸의 승인 없이 주교를 임명하는 일, 교황에게 물리적인 타격을 가하는 일, 이단, '신앙을 버리는 일' 등을 포함시켰다. 만일 파문을 당한 사람이 자기 죄를 고백하고 그 죄에 해당하는 고행을 하면 사면받았다. </p><p>어떤 경우에는 사제가 파문을 사면해주기도 하지만, '죽을 위험에 처해 있는 경우'(in periculo mortis)를 제외하고는 사면은 통상 주교 또는 교황만의 권한이다. 파문은 정직제재(停職制裁) 및 금지제재라는 2개의 관련징계 방식과는 구별되어야 한다. 정직제재는 성직자에게만 해당되며, 그들의 권리 일부나 전부를 박탈한다. 금지제재는 신자를 신앙공동체에서 축출하지는 않지만 특정 성사, 성무, 때로는 성사나 성무 전체를 금지한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="자동_파문"><span id=".EC.9E.90.EB.8F.99_.ED.8C.8C.EB.AC.B8"></span>자동 파문</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 자동 파문"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>로마 가톨릭교회에서는 부정적인 의미로서 특정행위를 했다는 사실이 알려졌을 경우 굳이 교황청에 알리지 않아도 자동적으로 파문 조치되는 경우가 있다. 이 자동파문은 '비탄두스'에 해당되는 파문으로 질이 엄청나게 좋지 않기 때문에 승인 없이 파문되는 것이 가능하다. 그 사유는 지극히 간단하다. 이단 종파를 추종하거나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84_%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="사이비 종교">사이비 종교</a>에 심취하면 그렇게 된다. 현재 공식적으로 자동파문 사유가 되는 것에는 다음과 같다. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AC%EC%9B%90%EB%B0%A9%EC%A3%BC" title="마리아의 구원방주">마리아의 구원방주</a>와 접촉하면 자동 파문된다.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="개신교"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.8B.A0.EA.B5.90"></span>개신교</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 개신교"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>개신교에서는 파문대신 권징 곧 교회에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%84" title="죄">죄</a>를 지적하고 처벌하는 일이라고 한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="성공회"><span id=".EC.84.B1.EA.B3.B5.ED.9A.8C"></span>성공회</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 성공회"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%B5%ED%9A%8C" title="성공회">성공회</a>에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EA%B5%AC_(%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90)" title="교구 (기독교)">교구</a>를 지도하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B5%90" title="주교">주교</a>가 성직자에 대한 면직(<a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%A7%81%EC%9E%90" title="성직자">성직자</a>의 권리를 박탈함)등으로 처벌할 권리를 갖고 있으며, 교회를 지도하는 사제도 교인이 신자로서의 의무를 소홀히 했거나 도덕적인 문제를 일으킨 경우 처벌할 권리가 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="개혁교회(Reformed)"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.ED.98.81.EA.B5.90.ED.9A.8C.28Reformed.29"></span>개혁교회(Reformed)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 개혁교회(Reformed)"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>파문이라는 말보다는 교회 징계라는 말을 쓴다. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%ED%98%81%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="개혁교회">개혁교회</a>는 교회에서 잘못된 일이 생겨서 징계를 행하고 필요할 경우에 출교를 선언할 권위를 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%EC%82%AC" title="목사">목사</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%A1%9C" class="mw-disambig" title="장로">장로</a>들로 구성되는 협의체에 부여한다. <a href="/wiki/1646%EB%85%84" title="1646년">1646년</a>에 제정된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%AF%BC%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0_%EC%8B%A0%EC%95%99%EA%B3%A0%EB%B0%B1" title="웨스트민스터 신앙고백">웨스트민스터 신앙고백</a> 제30항은 징계의 공정한 단계를 '잘못을 지적하는 훈계, 일정 기간의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EB%A7%8C%EC%B0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="성만찬">성만찬</a> 참여금지 즉, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%8F%84" title="그리스도">그리스도</a>의 몸과 보혈을 모시지 못하게 하는 처벌,교회에서 추방하는 출교'로 규정한다. 한국 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%A1%9C%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="장로교회">장로교회</a>에서도 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%9E%A5_%ED%86%B5%ED%95%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="예장 통합">예장 통합</a>의 경우 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%88%98" title="양심수">양심수</a>를 제외하고 실정<a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95" title="법">법</a>에 의해 처벌된 자, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%8B%A8" title="이단">이단</a>적 교설을 주장한 자, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%8D%95" title="도덕">도덕</a>적으로 죄를 지은 자등에 대해 처벌할 수 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="루터교회"><span id=".EB.A3.A8.ED.84.B0.EA.B5.90.ED.9A.8C"></span>루터교회</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 루터교회"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%84%B0%EA%B5%90" class="mw-redirect" title="루터교">루터교</a> 전통은 마르틴 루터의 교리문답을 따른다. 그 교리문답은 '열쇠의 권위'에 대해서 말하며, 징계를 공공연하고 완고한 죄인의 성찬 참여를 거부하는 것으로 규정한다. 성직자와 회중이 모두 그러한 징계를 행사할 권리를 갖는다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="그외_설명"><span id=".EA.B7.B8.EC.99.B8_.EC.84.A4.EB.AA.85"></span>그외 설명</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 그외 설명"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>참고로 교회와 정치간의 소모적 대립을 막기 위해 정치와 종교가 분리된 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="민주주의">민주주의</a> 전통에 따라 자유교회 전통을 지닌 미국의 개신교 교회에서는 죄인에게 '교회가 책임을 묻는다. 회중적인 정책과 '신자의 세례' 원칙을 갖고 있는 교파에서는 징계가 매우 엄격할 때가 종종 있다. '(churching)라는 말이 출교를 가리킨다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%AC%B8&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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