CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.sagepub.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e73a6000d243dc9',cH: 'FeVOrEx8w.4FYLik8kKMOcw6V2eFC42mM9RqvN3.7cc-1732391009-1.2.1.1-WGcFnS43_5tUWz_zCsVXtA2CU9Tt7cFRGCtwrbOEXlltsx.XzO28q6ZPdupRJNjL',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1177\/0269881116675513?__cf_chl_tk=hTvBAPf9k6uJYNhO1SGgGCC..W8KjhuGjnKSbR7Cs4g-1732391009-1.0.1.1-DuOdJSHAAlSat82KRAUpQq0GAqflwcbIKcq3Ot9ZTrc",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732391009',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1177\/0269881116675513?__cf_chl_f_tk=hTvBAPf9k6uJYNhO1SGgGCC..W8KjhuGjnKSbR7Cs4g-1732391009-1.0.1.1-DuOdJSHAAlSat82KRAUpQq0GAqflwcbIKcq3Ot9ZTrc",md: "dPKoetovIdvBl1Gfo29HV27i9fVRAMoFmN4XQnY0EKY-1732391009-1.2.1.1-VDba104kSEi6lmtuWtLGOEaiUjAt6dCv02TAFkfKlaWSU_ebwsZYjtN3J8dSxOAur3JpUsy7zrI2Y2eAfEhvjFXE1uLjiJy.ZxZoW0Rb9gCSVcKEyWLv04hb.2q7fOSDad5U6q35wPKOvYnzQ9uIBCS81ysf6UwEMnBOMJam6NLbbWqXUim5Btq_GQqgiN15d4y4WgDdjz18HtvqhbsML6ZAjqlCiEd.OF0pQfSe4Fy5dEgOWn9vuLW76YIcCtqfKNUAS.Saftbj9KncDDu_mNF6kXIDz_6J0Cj5uLwfu9feNY5ZCO5wVshmCun0N9o5a6w8TX34YgguUttV1eJgZSZg2w87v9jdqolaVqrUaqLYvVcrMsx95W7.MAyazAkorcYqqZ66P0w3YFc..v4P3krLSYtDoUyCzDOFAMmWBd3iPBBcR5EgqTq1a7aAInCMP58uUwhLvGXfTCxH7OEijg1ZV9USgSHInYHuGqrAUcg8ShYdBcKEkyjYrY1zDHw.qkgxdBfWIMxpfNEvlU9rP.15OJgMmluvU.SG1sPyKrkRKnlq4w7zDXN7I0xjL_4QfHXgBfwfMUfFdF9CGTnbHBa9edufOhL5Cyn.U0CCO7E.Urw8CN0f0k3yE_kNi8IFhfmmpSSASoL6mJ2_0AMV9CaH6Ha0ylFQp2oNNdxkPJgcptM_0s5Av4JA5VLSVA27Jl642sgdSUhCgIFhz.oG_ytbEBNYtxix7xc1ehsxaFlXsepzuCm5Rqz.1RJ.b1sS0kTC.e6pq8Xe7Emw2AX7C6caBh_vVNuZ6hGxmXrfajJdI2oIGeF2qKjfGBC1Whq_i9tGJ6AA6XqkickgK9VbTmHCb6oGNX0N.00jPS2asTgEmdPH3EE6CjViZTAtQHy.Be5UtxhWFarDDSTIGpB.cWe9a1CJNlJn3MGuqgqR.hW2gFqq0jif3JFrSOc8lKACmsknknSmBpaywtYYWtQ.zyMUhkjbTVdPB5JqJ8buw_5xZdJFsgcgSIxevZo3d5ubzoktC7VpH3pyzHcV2B5PRRhLmdqtNcyh28M9NnPmp9aQ536ViWXGkd970l2HBohBmhvaz9pqxAaPcSjJSt6e29hBWsnMWaoBhaO5Smp1b6Rl0bZyp54HMJ2UQLdf9K.RgEt6B0vN4s_XiTdhN7Oa_kbyanTDVGftan8nglsIcAEBKzx_hmid6wAMGBZYQ8o4IfiSRRLFWrGsCBU833.Nef7061NyrhNhxSZaR04sMMW84yRKuxJcmJQf.2SAwm.hDSGl3B2xIXisiuJUCpPmHyiZJuZvf_g49zDKDunIaWX.CFjxG1xX5GX66IFHLU7Lv6J9UmH3hFe4IlW7UTLN07O3ZUrrbAcA2fHpGET6PzTYQvzkrrveFyM2U6z8AIaZgXsLbB7ItZiigIQGuqQ5sNf6KLQAzfEuwlJf.O1YLXlaCd9WW.aBxPk_qBQAIl65ldH4rXUdYEQewKGsbwFEV6qEOGc6sO5ChaEaRkmv6MoKX4JHCDUSRo19n6wGrdcN9V5p8YS5_TuMS0ebUFug5QkE7poI1FnElcnjzWvsVwAHYLEQjgeh6Y91Armd1ywygMEnHj8hv9pifAy97q6W0ml7L48xYaf9LsF6x0eeeQznztp.2OQMz4aX6AqKxlQfSRSptoxWmQvHZFdOgZVSUUqIgtHjtXnarGtCFi81KzcSaQ6323ctihfpiMeREq3_6lCYil8LXJZ8wGbgIwnH7LCP7Y52CLCMlF5ocslTEGKVO5893YpkqxNAd2DGS3LwhieOfajkqxyRhhKHPPuq8jrdUij78Nb9udG58zUnwE5mqZ.m0CVH6Fl.p0rsx1wd7UgDiouPpCHg2hk.3ZOo9WSq6VxWwt0hANkiEtRO2L1.oHp8PFD_LFlhZJRSPKEiGxqmNvBox2fNp3GFlft.14hLm4Y8FlviJxqICdk4y7B9bgZ.7O6uwvbiu.FZNX361FzByOHCKBguRj8Orc8_3L.bvMa1scCIocxtzi47JPwFMDSFZzpiKjGi9suplIXCGl9efemfmSH0rBijHS82xzVS0icLQdp4tESID7i.Pc09rzqapg2cRsXGPel_HF46ilIy5wi9KLNVnTkAsiHKT1BE7Z_ID9XUoEtKYKjHxxKC2JTVSisfNqypRX5mVr3UWE9Vv6hCzMY3JMSK1.PzCfqsIXHtDxVhZdWz9p8m6ohQ02JnvOWOaoBy1suX9CjF3FU.g1gV7d_.U78x8XiVdCn.i3XTntrHf1cuQsMzUanWiA1i9_raSmx3XrJB0htS1jzkzEYIaEXWpkJmVyvrzVtQOGpEnVOuMUMjZMpAoqFmhOAYqBCslaujoNd0MIuLL1VfOn69uithFLnfeVXhWdQICnxgAmXvgv75.NLbpcStBf4hayxj97z5YGEJ8A.NxhWl3_XU1J0qIqFFPZh44bxUdL0xnkhyb0E34uP3iJ71bZtQsqi5LLzyhoXS4dlM0yZRRo7oP9g.YQOpr4TWzkK_chpDHuIfvFI_frYO81htQeQGajyec71TF5bO34B1tFwM7oZz6y7QelXiB.HHZYWIniFe.mIMfrkS0vNUUyiXx5PLh5shrs5Bs_CCRyPaKhqUvpquZGxvnpz.OSt2ts67J5D.9ZzsATGHZY31u4CwpxoRgA6PK3.mhXzgTf9F9YoID9f1NLnXFuXaOfXeRl.CQ7okP55RhMQx4AXDI_9HL1EyPexvh0auer7Keq5gMs.AOPtIaLXHktT8YEWDKvIPe.fDNTR_9Jk9NsaEV4J028qA9o9GqowbZiZsF5ijKkK4bhWF0RXI7krFPpb8cZ8OqHXA90b40w6wIlWE1p2_aqPw9oazeyYrhZqwkv3EarvhDWOVlLnkNRvRRlT6CQJHGHhlaq.smmZrxOwXX6LFrgz.dGxB3PJ1SoOL0MJLZjWGPuxr2Am8h4Hn9hyGCCN6ahU_o_v5F4LOGk6igjM",mdrd: "pP5jZcNBYy5DyGImKaYF9ly0NMq.zIcdw0d1QlhMbU8-1732391009-1.2.1.1-LIgbzX4FTzwMB7yWZzN8cB1A._mxlLobEV2aAj2MaJm7CfuGumX2duANeQL.uC05_PqkOiumRPX6QPJ3uUYnnpI6QOUc0SfNiVCCbS44Y.2TSYuA1972qQlrXsSwBXZAmkovEFRBjKaAbV5hf.R.0QvwEe__LOeYdV778AdDiB2hW2Un10hR0zC3ZkWjfuD1KfiOp6qXlN6TyWDXrLpwJXY8pW5e6G5rh1dhywMJGLgD2tqADFL17SEzMHQs.2MIb4GjP36CJJCVr_XDLxR.r9CrI148FtB5ePZrsZqCIgihVyR1cAU6wFCV65tY3pJmvvHqHEinZqi.SZMx0OpCVqA_G.w1uvDOVuWtSjc4xFni6pBPU3V6ejKnAjPb13Onl0JLmnVYdMaaf0y3IZylhK9_.xS3VujwX6vxptg3XBMy19sPIW8871aaUwR0b2xEh9N3Aixf.PR_aC5RB_z78yDT9p2.uetoqypvzI1F7wpXbEe5hWptUl.hv4uU95j9GZMr7mNCAeecXIug_ovg.nloCRne8W00wEQXkK_kmQUFLxKVD0g89Ps5Nzi4OhUfmhnuJW_JmOZsGnRoItE0JuCp1BS6jgw.Q21cmSKbfvPr9Tw5rNyTC5zL3bjaThqlA2Vr0_c87C79Oex0fWC2PUpNZCzNzcWDcK.qCFYzED8hWj3v60BPita2bl2B5O3.Ee0yLPEFaBUZbJdStpI7yY6kd1iRjfTD3pFADldfX5RNIdsn4BD5Xh4GskEE51dzkGe9MLzu7GKNZOVpzfNbDdknhKAKyiexULRcWW1fFy5jomlT6QMzooUNRqmpa4j.fTitZXDZSyMFEh00517IqemHHWBAX13toNdMcNleyBdVRwo0FbaTGJhlIy5oQuMxGIqNE0H18_tv52eUrz3LaDYzvROARdGboM96RSTbpxX3qff1kCu8y4rG8V1nO1D_xTZYzhYDhFmmJv52d9F07dI3zbk8dIn9sB8tn2G0xN33C1rEQg.YJ5ohQdBChhE7_Jz_tTpe5eGXUP7Uugs6LXppoZsNv_M.9LISqNV_0VzPtE3zu_7qCyHdEzatUEPhKJAbiiTyu.J_URbQ3agaJtVcUJC_r9a8HqyhUu0Ve02_MGst8dZfgXOxB1Sd992pn9dT0RvGU0nUfH.laQCbfOCCPYU_Tm_UxAkSz2n8th7WJhUVsM9C9FuZ9T87hn.uugRiRLTqsNGUVsGlxmWhu8_sVpRWa.I1YLY7RFU2UGYwgckIfdT5m2nh9g6G0PWzDuANrkqNI7Ed1_qRRSw9RwIdzM44fVdK1WUM.0O7eGPliEKxuxCgDgBzot5pKDoTmhHRTXjXGko9nrQKhNdtm4CUlxib_JsxpXnXnJ_VvyXqFpiBWh0em0nSUMqpRfbQVS_ZGddxIK5mrlSZzlbgj19uYWWQTTiv4qmnM8aKCroip_Ff4zNQbSf_JF51cHURwcMLVg7R9dhPWUr4BP5zavRgMsxJ_mfZYQFNg6D3tbI_Z5CK5D9E9w35.tpsH1R3zdpTTfBS.SzXcJ9AAd3cSEo3tToZLwlv8MqNjqUcME41SkiNuozdcClP33.zkSen9Q_TSkd02jcfiRQUgtVjSl30QFzJw3reuEEdF8dt9uMRjMnKvIMPYc.RmFQ0o9EDDGmtVqt35VCUoSOdBbQjvSXjQBzvO3DWzppr7F._eAKdhItvcVFIIKJtEtw2AtY.ez3eSu6gySAOYdTbMsOArNBD3_OiDip1XwSsYtvXcNAaEEB8nlOzujV7TgHGpch.EsnErO2z8qCYYggJ.jNewbHWJD3dxLY8lBDRrwit5zHRHCiqo5mB7nrkOl6SuNj3.oTZankvznloJPX2v_hD1TgA_WXePwmbruYvGLYBV29m1XGt_8WRKI6vJ6aIOIW.gLl4Cu3xj12Kk5VrdicBQZzZvi6GuLYgBXWfATjwDhcdDwviXxqLO0IC7OAQS4o46zHi2DmBezzCPD0DwXZodw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e73a6000d243dc9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1177\/0269881116675513?__cf_chl_rt_tk=hTvBAPf9k6uJYNhO1SGgGCC..W8KjhuGjnKSbR7Cs4g-1732391009-1.0.1.1-DuOdJSHAAlSat82KRAUpQq0GAqflwcbIKcq3Ot9ZTrc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>