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"up" : ""; if (i == curr) { cont.style.display = "block"; } else { cont.style.display = "none"; } } } </script> </div> --> <!-- -------------- --> <div class="js_subnav"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="kefu"></div> <!--------head结束----------><style> img{max-width:650px} </style> <!--------head结束----------> <div id="main"> <!--------内容开始----------> <div class="column"> <div class="column_l"> <div class="det"> <div class="det_title"> <ul> <li class="det_title_name">制冷活塞压缩机不回油,根本原因在哪里?</li> <!-- <li class="det_title_from">来源:<span>新华社</span></li> --> <li class="det_title_from">&nbsp;&nbsp;来源:<span>制冷网</span></li> <li class="det_title_time">2020-03-03</li> </ul> </div> <div class="det_title_fenxiang"> <div class="fenxiang"> <!-- JiaThis Button BEGIN --> <div class="jiathis_style_32x32"> <a class="jiathis_button_weixin"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_tsina"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_cqq"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_qzone"></a> <a href="http://www.jiathis.com/share" class="jiathis jiathis_txt jiathis_separator jtico jtico_jiathis" target="_blank"></a> <a class="jiathis_counter_style"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript" > var jiathis_config={ summary:"", shortUrl:false, hideMore:false } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://v3.jiathis.com/code/jia.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <!-- JiaThis Button END --> </div> <div class="huifu"></div> </div> <div class="mess_text"> <div class="content" id="article">&nbsp;  压缩机是高速运转的复杂机器,保证压缩机曲轴、轴承、连杆、活塞等运动件的充分润滑是维持机器正常运转的基本要求。为此,压缩机制造商要求使用指定牌号润滑油,并要求定期检查润滑油油位和颜色。然而,由于制冷系统设计、施工和维护方面的疏忽,压缩机缺油、油焦化变质、回液稀释、制冷剂冲刷、使用劣质润滑油等造成运动件润滑不足的情况比较常见。 <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  1、润滑不足</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  磨损的直接原因:润滑不足。缺油肯定会引起润滑不足,但油润不足不一定就是缺油引起的。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  以下三种原因也可以造成润滑不足:</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  润滑油无法到达轴承表面。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  润滑油虽已到达轴承表面,但是粘度太小,不能形成足够厚度的油膜。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  润滑油虽已到达轴承表面,但是由于过热而分解掉了,不能起到润滑作用。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  导致的不良影响:吸油网或供油管路堵塞、油泵故障等均会影响润滑油的输送,润滑油无法到达远离油泵的摩擦面。吸油网和油泵正常,但轴承磨损、间隙过大等造成漏油和油压过低,会使远离油泵的摩擦面得不到润滑油,造成磨损和划伤。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  由于种种原因(包括压缩机启动阶段)没有得到润滑油的摩擦面温度会迅速攀升,超过175&deg;C后润滑油就开始分解。&ldquo;润滑不足-摩擦-表面高温-油分解&rdquo;是一个典型的恶性循环,许多恶性事故包括连杆抱轴、活塞卡缸都与这个恶性循环有关。更换阀片时,应检查活塞销磨损情况。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  2、缺油</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  缺油是很容易辨别的压缩机故障之一,压缩机缺油时曲轴箱中油量很少甚至没有润滑油。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  排出压缩机的润滑油不回来:润滑油不回来压缩机就会缺油。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  压缩机回油有两种方式:</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  一种是油分离器回油。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  另一种是回气管回油。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  油分离器安装在压缩机排气管路上,一般能分离出50-95%的奔油,回油效果好,速度快,大大减少进入系统管路的油量,从而有效延长了无回油运转时间。管路特别长的冷库制冷系统、满液式制冰系统以及温度很低的冻干设备等,安装高效油分离器能大大延长压缩机无回油运转时间,使压缩机安全度过开机后无回油的危机阶段。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  未被分离出来的润滑油将进入系统:随制冷剂在管内流动,形成油循环。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  润滑油进入蒸发器后:</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  一方面因温度低溶解度小,一部分润滑油从制冷剂中分离出来。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  另一方面,温度低粘度大,分离出来的润滑油容易附着在管内壁上,流动比较困难。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  蒸发温度越低,回油越困难。这就要求蒸发管路设计和回气管路设计和施工必须有利于回油,常见的做法是采用下降式管路设计,并保证较大的气流速度。对于温度特别低的制冷系统,如-85&deg;C和-150&deg;C医用低温箱,除选用高效油分离器外,通常还添加特殊溶剂,防止润滑油堵毛细管和膨胀阀,并帮助回油。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  实际应用中,由于蒸发器和回气管路设计不当引起的回油问题并不罕见。对于R22和R404A系统来说,满液式蒸发器的回油非常困难,系统回油管路设计必须非常小心。使用高效油分可以大大减小进入系统管路的油量,有效延长开机后回气管无回油时间。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  当压缩机比蒸发器的位置高时,垂直回气管上的回油弯是必需的。为了保证低负荷下的回油,垂直的吸气管可以采用双立管。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  压缩机频繁启动不利于回油,由于连续运转时间很短压缩机就停了,回气管内来不及形成稳定的高速气流,润滑油就只能留在管路内。回油少于奔油,压缩机就会缺油。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  除霜时蒸发器温度升高,润滑油粘度减小,易于流动。除霜循环过后,制冷剂流速大,滞留的润滑油会集中返回压缩机。制冷剂泄漏较多时回气速度会降低,速度太低会造成润滑油滞留在回气管路,不能快速返回压缩机。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  油压安全护装置在缺油时会自动停机,保护压缩机不受损坏。没有视油镜</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  和油压安全装置的全封闭压缩机(包括转子和涡旋压缩机)以及风冷压缩机,缺油时没有明显症状,也不会停机,压缩机会在不知不觉中磨损损坏。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  压缩机噪音、震动或电流过大,可能与缺油有关,对压缩机和系统运行状况的准确判断就显得非常重要。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  3、结论</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  缺油的根本原因不在于压缩机奔油多少和快慢,而是系统回油不好。安装油分离器可以快速回油,延长压缩机无回油运转时间。蒸发器和回气管路的设计必须考虑到回油。避免频繁启动、定时化霜、及时补充制冷剂、及时更换磨损的活塞组件等维护措施也有助于回油。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  回液和制冷剂迁移会稀释润滑油,不利于油膜的形成;</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  油泵故障和油路堵塞会影响供油量和油压,导致摩擦面缺油;</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  摩擦面高温会促使润滑油分解,使润滑油失去润滑能力;</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  这三方面问题引起的润滑不足也常常造成压缩机损坏。缺油的根源在于系统。只更换压缩机或某些配件不能从根本上解决缺油问题。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  所以,系统设计、管路施工必须考虑系统回油问题,否则后患无穷!比如设计、施工时蒸发器回气管设置回油弯、排气管设置止逆弯,所有管路都应沿着流体运动方向一路下坡,坡度0.3~0.5%。</div></div> </div> <div class="xw_line"> </div> <div class="mess_footnote"> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> </div> <div class="fenxiang"> <!-- JiaThis Button BEGIN --> <div class="jiathis_style_32x32"> <a class="jiathis_button_weixin"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_tsina"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_cqq"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_qzone"></a> <a href="http://www.jiathis.com/share" class="jiathis jiathis_txt jiathis_separator jtico jtico_jiathis" target="_blank"></a> <a 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