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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausbund_(Gesangbuch)" title="Ausbund (Gesangbuch) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ausbund (Gesangbuch)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausbund" title="Ausbund – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ausbund" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausbund" title="Ausbund – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ausbund" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:16.0em;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#EEDC82;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anabaptism" title="Category:Anabaptism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#EEDC82;"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1685 illustration by Jan Luyken, published in Martyrs Mirror, of Dirk Willems saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near Asperen in the present-day Netherlands"><img alt="A 1685 illustration by Jan Luyken, published in Martyrs Mirror, of Dirk Willems saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near Asperen in the present-day Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/220px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/330px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/440px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6594" data-file-height="5283" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">A 1685 illustration by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Luyken" title="Jan Luyken">Jan Luyken</a>, published in <i><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></i>, of <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Willems" title="Dirk Willems">Dirk Willems</a> saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near <a href="/wiki/Asperen" title="Asperen">Asperen</a> in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Doctrines and practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_theology" title="Anabaptist theology">Theology of Anabaptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believer%27s_baptism" title="Believer's baptism">Believer's baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Lovefeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonconformity_to_the_world" title="Nonconformity to the world">Nonconformity to the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonresistance" title="Nonresistance">Nonresistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Holy kiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunning" title="Shunning">Shunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schleitheim_Confession" title="Schleitheim Confession">Schleitheim Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dordrecht_Confession_of_Faith" title="Dordrecht Confession of Faith">Dordrecht Confession</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ausbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key people</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Blaurock" title="George Blaurock">George Blaurock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Denck" title="Hans Denck">Hans Denck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Grebel" title="Conrad Grebel">Conrad Grebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Hoffman" title="Melchior Hoffman">Melchior Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Hubmaier" title="Balthasar Hubmaier">Balthasar Hubmaier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hut" title="Hans Hut">Hans Hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Hutter" title="Jakob Hutter">Jakob Hutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mack" title="Alexander Mack">Alexander Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Manz" title="Felix Manz">Felix Manz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgram_Marpeck" title="Pilgram Marpeck">Pilgram Marpeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Rink" title="Melchior Rink">Melchior Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sattler" title="Michael Sattler">Michael Sattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menno_Simons" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Largest groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Christian_Church" title="Apostolic Christian Church">Apostolic Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brethren_in_Christ_Church" title="Brethren in Christ Church">Brethren in Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruderhof_Communities" title="Bruderhof Communities">Bruderhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_World_Conference" title="Mennonite World Conference">Mennonite World Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_Brethren_Church" title="Mennonite Brethren Church">Mennonite Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Colony_Mennonites" title="Old Colony Mennonites">Old Colony Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Mennonite" title="Old Order Mennonite">Old Order Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brethren" title="River Brethren">River Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">Russian Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Schwarzenau Brethren</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_True_Inspiration" title="Community of True Inspiration">Inspirationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Anabaptism" title="Neo-Anabaptism">Neo-Anabaptism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Template:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Template talk:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>Ausbund</b></i> ("Paragon" in German) is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a> <a href="/wiki/Hymnal" title="Hymnal">hymnal</a> and one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> song books in continuous use. It is used today by North American <a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a> congregations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ausbund&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The core of the <i>Ausbund</i> is based on fifty-one songs written by Anabaptists from <a href="/wiki/Passau" title="Passau">Passau</a>,<a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. Eleven of these songs were written by their leader, Michael Schneider. Twelve others may have been written by Hans Betz. The hymns were composed in the <a href="/wiki/Dungeon" title="Dungeon">dungeon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Veste_Oberhaus" title="Veste Oberhaus">Passau Castle</a>, where the Anabaptists were imprisoned between 1535 and 1540 because of their convictions. Some—among them Hans Betz—did not survive the imprisonment. Many of these imprisoned Anabaptists were <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyred</a>. </p><p>The collection was printed in 1564. A copy of this first printing is found at the <a href="/wiki/Mennonite_Historical_Library" title="Mennonite Historical Library">Mennonite Historical Library</a> of <a href="/wiki/Goshen_College" title="Goshen College">Goshen College</a>, bearing the title <i>Etliche schöne christliche Gesäng wie dieselbigen zu Passau von den Schweizer Brüdern in der Gefenknus im Schloss durch göttliche Gnade gedicht und gesungen warden. Ps. 139</i> (Several Beautiful Christian Songs Which Were Written and Sung Through God's Grace by the Swiss Brethren in the Passau Castle Prison). </p><p>The printed hymnal must have been widely circulated. By the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankenthaler_Colloquiums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frankenthaler Colloquiums (page does not exist)">Frankenthaler Colloquiums</a> (1571) it was already used as a source of criticism by opponents of Anabaptism. </p><p>Another edition of the hymnal with eighty more songs appeared in 1583. This is the first edition where the word <i>Ausbund</i> appears on the title page: <i>Ausbund. Das ist etliche schöne christenliche Lieder, etc. Allen und jeden Christen, welcher Religion sie seien, unpartheyisch nützlich.</i> </p><p>Later editions included 137 (Europe) and 140 (North America) songs. In all there are eleven known European editions of the <i>Ausbund</i>. In the 16th and 17th centuries the hymnals were published in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>. In the 18th and 19th centuries new editions appeared in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> und <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>. The last European edition was printed in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> in 1838. The first American <i>Ausbund</i> appeared in 1742 and was printed at Christopher Saur's <a href="/wiki/Germantown,_Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Germantown</a> press. <a href="/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonite</a> Bishop <a href="/wiki/Henry_Funck" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Funck">Henry Funck</a> was the publisher of this hymnal, which was used until the end of the 18th century by the Swiss Mennonite churches. It was replaced by <i>Die kleine geistliche Harfe</i> and <i>Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch</i> of 1804, both from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. </p><p>The <i>Ausbund</i> is now exclusively used in Amish worship, preserving the unique spirit of the 17th-century Anabaptists. A number of the hymns have been translated into English both in book reference form and also set to music as found in the <i>Christian Hymnary</i> where it is used in many <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Mennonite">Conservative Mennonite</a> worship services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ausbund&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest songs from the <i>Ausbund</i> are mainly about the suffering church in a hostile environment. At the center stand those serious Christians who are prepared to die for their faith. They reflect not only <a href="/wiki/Grief" title="Grief">grief</a> and <a href="/wiki/Existential_despair" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential despair">despair</a>, but also the understanding of God's presence. There are always more reasons to thank God as one pours out their troubles. Among others, song number 131, <i>O Gott, Vater, wir loben dich und deine Güte preisen wir</i> (O God, Father, we praise you and your kindness we praise), today is sung at beginning of each Amish worship service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ausbund&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first song of the <i>Ausbund</i> is from the pen of <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Franck" title="Sebastian Franck">Sebastian Franck</a>. The song teaches that Christians should sing in spirit and truth, pray and praise God with Psalms. The second song is an adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a>. </p><p>Songs 6, 7 and 8 are written by <a href="/wiki/Felix_Manz" title="Felix Manz">Felix Manz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sattler" title="Michael Sattler">Michael Sattler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Hut" title="Hans Hut">Hans Hut</a>, all Anabaptist martyrs. Other martyr songs are by <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Schiemer" title="Leonhard Schiemer">Leonhard Schiemer</a>, Hans Schlaffer, <a href="/wiki/George_Blaurock" title="George Blaurock">George Blaurock</a> and Hans Leupold, who were among the victims of the first great persecution of Anabaptists. </p><p>Hans Büchl, participant in the Frankenthaler Colloquiums, is the writer of five <i>Ausbund</i> songs. Eleven songs are of Dutch origin. The Dutch Anabaptists wrote another eleven songs. Five songs are from the <a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohemian Brothers">Bohemian Brothers</a>. </p><p>Many of <i>Ausbund</i> songs have a teaching character: Bible lessons, the Anabaptist views on <a href="/wiki/Believers_baptism" class="mw-redirect" title="Believers baptism">believers baptism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Lord's Supper</a> and a focus on <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">eschatology</a>. Songs in this last topic include Büchl's (Nr. 46): <i>Ain new christelich Lied von der gegenwardig schröcklichen letzten Dagen, in welchen so vil verschieden secten, auffrührerisch und falsche Propheten erschainen, auch blutdirstige tyrannen</i> (A new Christian song from the current terrible last days, in which many different sects, rebellious and false prophets and bloodthirsty tyrants appear). </p><p>Until 1809 the European <i>Ausbund</i> was distributed with no indication of location or publisher. From 1692 the government of <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> forbade the distribution or possession of this hymnal and ordered its confiscation under threat of severe punishment. </p><p>The American edition contains the <a href="/wiki/Confession_of_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Confession of faith">confession of faith</a> of Thomas von Imbroich (1558) entitled <i>Wahrhaftigen Bericht über die große Trübsal, die die Geschwister rund um Zürich für ihre Glaubenssache zwischen 1635 und 1645 zu erleiden hatten</i> (a collection of martyr stories). </p><p>From a literary viewpoint the content of the <i>Ausbund</i> is of limited quality, yet witnesses of a deep religious belief and sacrificial devotion of the believers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ausbund&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Ausbund</i> contains no notes; most of the songs were sung to popular melodies. According to the research of <a href="/wiki/George_Pullen_Jackson" title="George Pullen Jackson">George Pullen Jackson</a>, some melodies came from folk and love songs and others from chorales and hymns. The oldest melodies are from the 13th and 14th centuries. As with most Christian hymnbooks, the Amish normally use the <i>Ausbund</i> only in church. Their traditional melodies are called "slow tunes", but they put other melodies on the words during singing. Author <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Yoder" title="Joseph Yoder">Joseph Yoder</a> compared the slow tempo of the music as it is sung today to <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Chant">Gregorian Chant</a>, but this was not always the case. The Amish slow tunes of the 20th century are probably descended from tunes that the original Anabaptists knew. But over time, and with neither written notation nor musical instruments to keep the beat, the tunes have slowed down and ornamentation has been added in. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samples">Samples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ausbund&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Samples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aus_tiefer_Not_schrei_ich_zu_dir" title="Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir">Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Leonhard Schiemer:</b> <i>Dein heilig statt</i> </p><p><i>Dein heilig statt hond sie zerstört, / dein Altar umbgegraben, / darzu auch deine Knecht ermördt, / wo sie's ergriffen haben. / Nur wir allein / dein heuflein klein, / sind wenig uberbliben, / mit schmach und schand / durch alle land / verjaget und vertriben.</i> </p><p><i>Wir sind zerstrewt gleich wie die schaf, / die keinen Hirten haben, / verlassen unser hauß und hooff / und sind gleich dem Nachtraben, / der sich auch offt / hewlt in steinklufft. / In Felsen und in klufften / ist unser gmach, / man stellt uns nach, / wie Vöglein in der lufften.</i> </p><p><i>Wir schleichen in den Wälden umb, / man sucht uns mit den Hunden, / man führt uns als die Lemlein stum / gefangen und gebunden. / Man zeigt uns an vor jedermann, / als weren wir Auffrürer, / wir sind geacht / wie Schaf zur schlacht / als Ketzer und verführer.</i> </p><p><i>Vil sind auch in den Banden eng / an ihrem leib verdorben, / ettliche durch die marter streng / umbkommen und gestorben / on alle schuld; / hie ist gedult / der Heiligen auff erden. / (..........?)</i> </p><p><i>Man hat sie an die bäum gehenkt, / erwürget und zerhawen, / heimlich und öffentlich ertrenckt / vil Weiber und jungfrawen. / Die haben frey / ohn alle schew / der warheit zeugnuß geben, / dasz Jesus Christ / die wahrheit ist, / der weg und auch das leben.</i> </p><p><i>Noch tobt die Welt und ruhet nicht, / ist gar unsinnig worden, / vil lügen sie auff uns erdicht, / mit brennen und mit morden / thut sie uns bang. / O Herr, wie lang / willtu dazzu doch schweigen? / Richt den hochmut, / der heiligen bluth / laß wer dein Thron auffsteigen!</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ausbund&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <p><b>Topics</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Yoder" title="Joseph Yoder">Joseph Yoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrical_psalter" title="Metrical psalter">Metrical psalter</a></li></ul> <p><b>Anglican hymnals</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sternhold#Psalm_translations" title="Thomas Sternhold">Whole Book of Psalms</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Lutheran hymnals</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Lutheran_hymnal" title="First Lutheran hymnal">First Lutheran hymnal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erfurt_Enchiridion" title="Erfurt Enchiridion">Erfurt Enchiridion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eyn_geystlich_Gesangk_Buchleyn" title="Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn">Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swenske_songer_eller_wisor_1536" title="Swenske songer eller wisor 1536">Swenske songer eller wisor 1536</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomiss%C3%B8n%27s_hymnal" title="Thomissøn's hymnal">Thomissøn's hymnal</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Presbyterian hymnals</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Order" title="Book of Common Order">Book of Common Order</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hymnbooks_of_the_Church_of_Scotland#Scottish_Psalter_(1564)" title="Hymnbooks of the Church of Scotland">Scottish Psalter</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Reformed hymnals</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Souterliedekens" title="Souterliedekens">Souterliedekens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genevan_Psalter" title="Genevan Psalter">Genevan Psalter</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ausbund&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ausbund&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Blank, Benuel S. The Amazing Story of the Ausbund. Carlisle Printing: Sugar Creek, OH, 2001. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9714539-1-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9714539-1-3">978-0-9714539-1-3</a>, 120-page book by ordained Old Order Amish writer.</li> <li>Wenger, J. C., <i>History of the <a href="/wiki/Franconia_Mennonite_Conference" title="Franconia Mennonite Conference">Franconia Mennonites</a></i></li> <li>Video documentary by Ruth, John L. <i>The Amish: A People of Preservation.</i> Award-winning documentary on Amish faith and life, revised in 1996, has sound track that includes excerpts of rarely recorded Amish preaching and singing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ausbund&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100423003558/http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A8995ME.html/?searchterm=ausbund">Ausbund</a></i>, Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/ausbund.htm"><i>Ausbund</i> texts (in English) with audio sample</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mennolink.org/books/ausbund.html"><i>Ausbund</i>, abbreviated versions, and audio samples</a> from Mennolink</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.ah69g6;view=1up;seq=3">Scan of the 1815 Lancaster edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jxVXAAAAcAAJ&dq=ausbund&pg=PA18">Scan of the 1583 edition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EwhVAAAAcAAJ&dq=Ueber+die+Gef%C3%A4nge+diefes+Buchs+Regifier&pg=PT1">Scan of the 1834 edition</a>, linked to the index (register) pages</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anabaptism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anabaptists" title="Template:Anabaptists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anabaptists" title="Template talk:Anabaptists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anabaptists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anabaptists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anabaptism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petr_Chel%C4%8Dick%C3%BD" title="Petr Chelčický">Petr Chelčický</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_mysticism" class="mw-redirect" title="German mysticism">German mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwickau_prophets" title="Zwickau prophets">Zwickau prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregationalist_polity" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist polity">Congregationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Brethren" title="Swiss Brethren">Swiss Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batenburgers" title="Batenburgers">Batenburgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Mennonite" title="Old Order Mennonite">Old Order Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">Russian Mennonites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_Amish" title="New Order Amish">New Order Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beachy_Amish" title="Beachy Amish">Beachy Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amish_Mennonite" title="Amish Mennonite">Amish Mennonites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abecedarian" title="Abecedarian">Abecedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brethren" title="River Brethren">River Brethren</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Order_River_Brethren" title="Old Order River Brethren">Old Order River Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brethren_in_Christ_Church" title="Brethren in Christ Church">Brethren in Christ Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruderhof_Communities" title="Bruderhof Communities">Bruderhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Christian_Church" title="Apostolic Christian Church">Apostolic Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_churches" title="Peace churches">Peace churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War" title="German Peasants' War">German Peasants' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion" title="Münster rebellion">Münster rebellion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schleitheim_Confession" title="Schleitheim Confession">Schleitheim Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dordrecht_Confession_of_Faith" title="Dordrecht Confession of Faith">Dordrecht Confession of Faith</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ausbund</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Order Movement">Old Order Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Anabaptist–Jewish relations">Anabaptist–Jewish relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Anabaptism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theology of Anabaptism">Theology of Anabaptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_discipline" title="Church discipline">Church discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Huldrych_Zwingli#Eucharist" title="Theology of Huldrych Zwingli">Memorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonconformity_to_the_world" title="Nonconformity to the world">Nonconformity to the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonresistance" title="Nonresistance">Nonresistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> – <a href="/wiki/Free_church" title="Free church">free church</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sola_scriptura" title="Sola scriptura">Sola scriptura</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Agape feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believer%27s_baptism" title="Believer's baptism">Believer's baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">Closed communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnung" title="Ordnung">Ordnung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunning" title="Shunning">Shunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />Anabaptists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Manz" title="Felix Manz">Felix Manz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Grebel" title="Conrad Grebel">Conrad Grebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgram_Marpeck" title="Pilgram Marpeck">Pilgram Marpeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sattler" title="Michael Sattler">Michael Sattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Denck" title="Hans Denck">Hans Denck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Hutter" title="Jakob Hutter">Jakob Hutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Hubmaier" title="Balthasar Hubmaier">Balthasar Hubmaier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Rothmann" title="Bernhard Rothmann">Bernhard Rothmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Philips" title="Dirk Philips">Dirk Philips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menno_Simons" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Ammann" title="Jakob Ammann">Jakob Ammann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mack" title="Alexander Mack">Alexander Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Heinrich_Fr%C3%B6hlich" title="Samuel Heinrich Fröhlich">Samuel Heinrich Fröhlich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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